Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems最新文献

An attempt toward machine learning-driven optimization of manufacturing processes for metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells using nickel and iron oxides as raw support materials 利用镍和铁氧化物作为原材料，对金属支撑固体氧化物燃料电池的制造工艺进行机器学习驱动优化的尝试

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100230

Hirofumi Sumi , Mizuki Momai , Yuki Yamaguchi

A novel fabrication method for metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is proposed using nickel and iron oxides as raw support materials. This approach enables the co-sintering of all components in their oxide states via conventional ceramic processing. To minimize cell warpage, which is a critical issue in mechanical integrity, machine learning models, including random forest and linear regression, are employed to optimize the manufacturing process parameters. The random forest regression model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy (RMSE = 0.01454 and R² = 0.7310) than the linear regression model (RMSE = 0.02253 and R² = 0.4642), effectively capturing the non-linear relationships between the manufacturing process parameters and cell warpage. The electrolyte thickness, presintering temperature, and Ni/(Fe+Ni) atomic ratio are identified as key factors influencing cell warpage. Material characterizations using X-ray diffraction and coefficient of thermal expansion measurements validate these predictions. Although the open circuit voltage remains below the theoretical electromotive force owing to residual microstructural defects in the electrolyte, the cell warpage successfully reduced from 0.07578 to 0.03825 by increasing the presintering temperature from 1150 to 1250 °C. These results demonstrate the potential of machine learning for guiding manufacturing process optimization of mechanically robust and high-performance metal-supported SOFCs.

提出了一种以镍和铁氧化物为原料制备金属支撑固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFCs）的新方法。这种方法可以通过传统的陶瓷加工使所有成分在氧化状态下共烧结。为了最大限度地减少细胞翘曲，这是机械完整性中的一个关键问题，采用机器学习模型，包括随机森林和线性回归，来优化制造工艺参数。随机森林回归模型的预测精度（RMSE = 0.01454, R2 = 0.7310）优于线性回归模型（RMSE = 0.02253, R2 = 0.4642），有效地捕捉了制造工艺参数与细胞翘曲之间的非线性关系。电解液厚度、预熔温度和Ni/(Fe+Ni)原子比是影响电池翘曲的关键因素。使用x射线衍射和热膨胀系数测量的材料特性验证了这些预测。虽然由于电解液中残留的微结构缺陷，开路电压仍然低于理论电动势，但通过将预熔温度从1150℃提高到1250 ℃，电池翘曲成功地从0.07578降低到0.03825。这些结果证明了机器学习在指导机械鲁棒性和高性能金属支撑sofc的制造工艺优化方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive comparison of dynamic strain localisation and mechanical behaviour in traditional and additively manufactured Ti6Al4V 传统和增材制造Ti6Al4V的动态应变局部化和力学行为的综合比较

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100228

Govind Gour , Antonio Pellegrino

Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace, defence, automotive, and biomedical engineering owing to their high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Additive manufacturing has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional production methods, offering the capability to fabricate complex geometries while reducing processing time and material waste. In this study, the high strain rate deformation behaviour of Ti6Al4V produced by selective laser melting is investigated using a Split Hopkinson Tension Bar system equipped with a multi-camera high-speed imaging setup. A comprehensive experimental programme is conducted on specimens manufactured in three different build orientations to assess the influence of processing direction on dynamic strain localisation and true stress–strain response. The post-necking behaviour is examined and compared with that of conventionally forged Ti6Al4V, revealing notable differences in ductility and strain localisation mechanisms. In addition, the high strain rate compressive behaviour of both material variants and their temperature dependence are investigated using a Split Hopkinson Compression Bar system equipped with thermal conditioning. The deformation and failure mechanisms of additively manufactured specimens produced in different orientations are further examined through post-mortem analysis of the fracture surfaces.

钛合金具有高比强度和优异的耐腐蚀性，广泛应用于航空航天、国防、汽车和生物医学工程等领域。增材制造已经成为传统生产方法的一种有前途的替代方法，它能够制造复杂的几何形状，同时减少加工时间和材料浪费。在本研究中，使用配备多摄像头高速成像装置的分离式霍普金森张力杆系统研究了选择性激光熔化Ti6Al4V产生的高应变速率变形行为。为了评估加工方向对动态应变局部化和真应力-应变响应的影响，在三种不同的构建方向下对试样进行了综合试验。研究了后颈缩行为，并将其与传统锻造的Ti6Al4V进行了比较，揭示了延展性和应变局部化机制的显著差异。此外，两种材料变体的高应变率压缩行为及其温度依赖性使用配备热调节的分离式霍普金森压缩棒系统进行了研究。通过对断口表面的事后分析，进一步研究了不同取向的增材试样的变形和破坏机制。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructural evolution of Mg-Nd-Zr alloy during multi-directional reverse shear processing Mg-Nd-Zr合金多向反剪切过程中的组织演变

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100226

O. Tarasov , V. Greshta , D. Pavlenko , D. Tkach , O. Altukhov

This study investigates the microstructural evolution and hardness response of a Mg–Nd–Zr alloy subjected to a novel hot multi-directional reverse shear (MDRS) process developed by the authors. The MDRS technique represents a severe plastic deformation route designed to enhance shear deformation. This method was applied to deform the magnesium alloy under near-isothermal conditions. Finite element modeling and experimental data show that MDRS provides a more uniform distribution of equivalent strain than traditional MDF/CCDF processing routes. After four consecutive cycles, the ratio of accumulated strain in the central region to that in the peripheral region (inhomogeneity coefficient) is 2.5 for MDF and 1.62 for MDRS, respectively. The as-cast microstructure consists of equiaxed α-Mg grains (∼47 μm) and grain-boundary Mg₁₂Nd-type and Zr-rich particles, as confirmed by combined XRD and SEM/EDS analysis. MDRS processing leads to a non-monotonic grain size evolution: refinement to ∼32 μm after one cycle, partial coarsening to ∼39.7 μm after three cycles, and subsequent stabilisation at ∼41 μm after five cycles. The formation of a near-normal grain size distribution and ∼120° triple junctions after five cycles indicates a thermodynamically stabilised grain boundary network. The grain size and grain boundaries are controlled by the competition between deformation-induced grain refinement, accompanied by Zener pinning of the boundaries by dispersed particles, and thermally activated grain growth driven by continuous dynamic recrystallization. Microhardness increases by 6–16 % compared with the initial state. Higher hardness values are associated with regions of higher accumulated strain and refined grains. In contrast, the slight decrease in central hardness after five cycles correlates with partial grain coarsening, which remains above the initial level. The established relationships between strain distribution, microstructure and hardness demonstrate that MDRS is an efficient route for producing Mg–Nd–Zr alloy workpieces with controlled gradient properties and improved performance, promising for Mg-based bioresorbable implants and lightweight structural applications.

研究了Mg-Nd-Zr合金在热多向反剪切（MDRS）过程中的显微组织演变和硬度响应。MDRS技术代表了一种旨在增强剪切变形的剧烈塑性变形路线。将该方法应用于镁合金在近等温条件下的变形。有限元模拟和实验数据表明，与传统的MDF/CCDF加工路线相比，MDRS提供了更均匀的等效应变分布。连续4次循环后，MDF和MDRS的中心和外围累积应变之比（非均匀性系数）分别为2.5和1.62。结合XRD和SEM/EDS分析证实，铸态组织由等轴α-Mg晶粒（~ 47 μm）和晶界Mg₁₂nd型和富锆颗粒组成。MDRS处理导致晶粒尺寸的非单调演变：一个循环后细化到~ 32 μm，三个循环后部分粗化到~ 39.7 μm，五个循环后稳定在~ 41 μm。经过5次循环后，形成了接近正常的晶粒尺寸分布和~ 120°的三重结，这表明了一个热力学稳定的晶界网络。晶粒尺寸和晶界受变形诱导晶粒细化（分散颗粒对晶界的齐纳钉住）和连续动态再结晶驱动的热激活晶粒长大（热激活晶粒长大）两种因素的竞争控制。显微硬度比初始状态提高了6-16 %。较高的硬度值与较高的累积应变和细化晶粒的区域有关。中心硬度在5次循环后略有下降，与部分晶粒粗化有关，但仍高于初始水平。建立的应变分布、显微组织和硬度之间的关系表明，MDRS是生产具有可控梯度性能和改进性能的Mg-Nd-Zr合金工件的有效途径，有望用于mg基生物可吸收植入物和轻量化结构应用。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon fibre for applications in aerospace: A review 碳纤维在航空航天中的应用综述

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100227

Rizalman Mamat , Muhammad Ikram Mohd Rashid , A.Z. Syahir , Erdiwansyah , Ahmad Fitri Yusop , Ahmad Tamimi

The aerospace industry increasingly relies on advanced composite materials to enhance structural performance while reducing environmental impact. Among these materials, carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have emerged as the dominant choice due to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, fatigue resistance, and thermal stability. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the development, properties, manufacturing techniques, and sustainability aspects of carbon fibre composites in aerospace applications. A systematic literature-based approach was employed to evaluate recent advancements in microstructural design, automated manufacturing, and recycling technologies. The findings reveal that carbon fibre composites achieve 30–50 % weight reduction and 20–25 % fuel savings compared to traditional aluminium and titanium alloys, while maintaining superior mechanical and thermal performance. Emerging AI-driven, digital twin-based manufacturing systems improve process reliability, reducing defect rates by up to 30 % and reducing production cycles by 25–35 %. Moreover, hybrid and nanoreinforced composites incorporating carbon nanotubes or graphene demonstrate 10–25 % improvements in interlaminar strength and damage tolerance. From a sustainability perspective, recycling methods such as pyrolysis and solvolysis enable the recovery of 90–95 % of carbon fibres with minimal property degradation, supporting circular economy goals. The novelty of this review lies in integrating materials science, digital manufacturing, and sustainability to establish a unified framework for next-generation aerospace composites. In conclusion, carbon fibre technology stands at the intersection of high performance, intelligent manufacturing, and environmental responsibility, driving the evolution toward lighter, stronger, and more innovative aerospace systems.

航空航天工业越来越依赖于先进的复合材料来增强结构性能，同时减少对环境的影响。在这些材料中，碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRPs）因其卓越的强度重量比、抗疲劳性和热稳定性而成为主要选择。本文综述了碳纤维复合材料在航空航天领域的发展、性能、制造技术和可持续性等方面的综合分析。采用基于文献的系统方法来评估微结构设计、自动化制造和回收技术的最新进展。研究结果表明，与传统的铝合金和钛合金相比，碳纤维复合材料的重量减轻了30 - 50% %，燃料节省了20 - 25% %，同时保持了卓越的机械和热性能。新兴的人工智能驱动、基于数字孪生的制造系统提高了工艺可靠性，将缺缺率降低了30% %，将生产周期缩短了25 - 35% %。此外，含有碳纳米管或石墨烯的杂化和纳米增强复合材料在层间强度和损伤容限方面提高了10-25 %。从可持续发展的角度来看，热解和溶剂分解等回收方法能够以最小的性能降解回收90 - 95% %的碳纤维，支持循环经济目标。该综述的新颖之处在于将材料科学、数字制造和可持续性相结合，建立了下一代航空航天复合材料的统一框架。总之，碳纤维技术是高性能、智能制造和环境责任的交汇点，推动了航空航天系统向更轻、更强、更创新的方向发展。

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引用次数: 0

Ensemble analysis of parameters optimizations of copper electroplated NiTinol Plate through Matlab and robotic swarm particle 基于Matlab和机器人群粒子的镀铜镍钛诺板参数优化的集合分析

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100225

Kavita Kripalani

Ensemble analysis of parameters optimization using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques of full factorial Swarm Differential Algorithm (SDA) and further with Matlab was applied in experimental procedure conducted in copper electroplated NiTinol Plate by evaluating its surface roughness of NiTinol plate. This approach applied optimization module using Artificial Intelligence model of swarm particle optimization which enhanced the accuracy and reliability of the parameters implied control. The analysis was done based on parameter analysis of temperature, thickness of Copper electroplated NiTinol plate, current density. After Data prepossessing, support vector Regression (SVR) was analyzed for pragmatic. Further, datasets were splatted into trained AI Model using subsequently its each dataset and then validating sets by evaluating individual performances. Stacking was used for training meta-model for combined predictions of individual models. Optimized parameters using Swarm differential algorithm in MATLAB was deployed. The results of the ensemble analysis were used to further validate the parameters of temperature and current density of electroplated NiTi plates. Optimized parameters model was further used for predicting and controlling the surface roughness in electroplated NiTinol plate which hence enhanced its surface finish. The analysis of Nitinol electroplating using swarm intelligence technique optimized coating thickness and surface roughness thus enhanced solder ability providing a sacrificial layer of micro fabrication,corrosion resistant biocompatible surface layer. The approach utilized a simulated 10 × 10 grid of measurements to identify under plated regions and rough surface areas, followed by a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and MATLAB based parameters optimization strategy.

通过对镀铜镍钛诺板表面粗糙度的评价，将人工智能（AI）全因子群微分算法（SDA）参数优化的集成分析和Matlab应用于镍钛诺板的实验过程中。该方法将优化模块应用于人工智能的群粒子优化模型，提高了参数隐含控制的准确性和可靠性。通过对温度、镀铜镍钛诺板厚度、电流密度等参数的分析。数据预处理后，对支持向量回归（SVR）进行了实用分析。此外，数据集被分散到经过训练的人工智能模型中，随后使用其每个数据集，然后通过评估个人性能来验证集。使用堆叠方法训练元模型，对单个模型进行组合预测。利用MATLAB中的群微分算法对参数进行优化。利用系综分析的结果进一步验证了电镀镍钛板的温度和电流密度参数。利用优化后的参数模型对电镀镍钛诺板的表面粗糙度进行预测和控制，从而提高镀层的表面光洁度。利用群智能技术对镍钛诺镀层进行分析，优化镀层厚度和表面粗糙度，从而提高焊点性能，为微加工牺牲层、耐腐蚀生物相容性面层提供了有利条件。该方法利用模拟的10 × 10测量网格来识别镀下区域和粗糙表面，然后采用粒子群优化（PSO）和基于MATLAB的参数优化策略。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating hot tearing in 6xxx-series aluminium alloys: A combined thermodynamic and experimental approach 研究6xxx系列铝合金的热撕裂：热力学和实验相结合的方法

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100221

Emidio Giansante , Alberto Fabrizi , Mohammad Pourgharibshahi , Giulio Timelli

The hot tearing of 6xxx-series aluminium alloys has been investigated over four levels of silicon (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 wt%), magnesium (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 wt%), iron (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 wt%) and manganese (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 wt%). Thermodynamic calculations based on the CALPHAD method were performed to evaluate the hot tearing index using the Kou criterion, and the results were compared with experimental data obtained by thermal analysis and microstructural investigations. The results revealed that the concentration of alloying elements, particularly silicon and magnesium, significantly affects the Kou index and the hot tearing behaviour of the material. An increase in iron content and the addition of manganese showed a beneficial effect on the resistance to hot tearing. The formation of branched α-AlFeSiMn compounds significantly reduced the development of hot tearing cracks, more so than the increased presence of the Mg₂Si phase. Comparison of Kou index values derived from both thermodynamic calculations and experimental solidification curves showed that the selection of the solid fraction range is crucial. Good agreement was achieved between the calculations and the experimental data when using a solid fraction interval of 0.87–0.94. Finally, the experimental results confirmed that a preliminary qualitative assessment of susceptibility to hot tearing can be made without resorting to more resource-intensive testing methods.

研究了6xxx系列铝合金在硅（0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2 wt%）、镁（0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 wt%）、铁（0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 wt%）和锰（0.0、0.2、0.4、0.6 wt%）四个等级上的热撕裂。基于CALPHAD方法进行热力学计算，采用Kou准则评价热撕裂指数，并将计算结果与热分析和显微组织研究得到的实验数据进行比较。结果表明，合金元素的浓度，特别是硅和镁的浓度，对材料的Kou指数和热撕裂行为有显著影响。铁含量的增加和锰的添加对抗热撕裂性能有良好的影响。支化α-AlFeSiMn化合物的形成比Mg2Si相的增加更明显地减少了热撕裂裂纹的发展。由热力学计算和实验凝固曲线得到的Kou指数值的比较表明，固体分数范围的选择是至关重要的。当固相分数区间为0.87 ~ 0.94时，计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。最后，实验结果证实，无需使用更多资源密集型的测试方法，即可对热撕裂敏感性进行初步定性评估。

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引用次数: 0

Anti corrosion system for high parameter garbage power plant based on Analytic Hierarchy Process Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation 基于层次分析法的高参数垃圾电厂防腐系统模糊综合评价

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100223

Qu Zuopeng , Tian Xinli

After the high parameterization of the boiler in the garbage power plant, the corrosion of the pipe wall intensifies, and enterprises face the urgent problem of how to choose the best protection method according to their own needs. At present, there are many methods for coating corrosion protection of waste incineration boiler pipelines, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a scientific and effective evaluation method for various existing corrosion protection technologies to help relevant scientific and technological personnel choose coating protection methods and technologies reasonably. This article designs a total of 13 typical anti-corrosion process schemes currently in use, and selects two types of protection schemes: high cost-effectiveness and high economy. After determining the weight coefficients, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on Analytic Hierarchy Process was adopted. After constructing a judgment matrix and consistency testing, a comprehensive evaluation technology ranking suitable for high-temperature protection schemes under high parameter conditions was finally formed. This evaluation method is used to select protection schemes, which has significant effects, is simple and convenient, and has strong practicality.

垃圾电厂锅炉高参数化后，管壁腐蚀加剧，企业面临着如何根据自身需求选择最佳保护方法的迫切问题。目前，垃圾焚烧锅炉管道的涂层防腐方法很多，各有优缺点。因此，有必要对现有的各种防腐技术建立科学有效的评价方法，帮助相关科技人员合理选择涂层防护方法和技术。本文设计了目前使用的13种典型防腐工艺方案，选取了性价比高、经济性高的两种防护方案。在确定了权重系数后，采用了基于层次分析法的模糊综合评价方法。通过构建判断矩阵和一致性测试，最终形成了适合高参数条件下高温防护方案的综合评价技术排序。该评价方法用于选择防护方案，效果显著，简单方便，实用性强。

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引用次数: 0

Study of the use of aluminium-containing waste in ferrosilicon production 含铝废料在硅铁生产中的应用研究

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100224

Ablay Zhunusov, Aygul Zhunusova, Anar Kenzhebekova, Altynsary Bakirov, Renat Tyulyubayev

This article presents the results of a study to select the most cost-effective raw materials for producing ferrosilicon and aluminum. Ash and slag waste from Ekibastuz coal (Kazakhstan) and aluminum slag were selected as the primary materials for producing pellets. Studies of the physicochemical properties of the resulting pellets revealed the presence of refractory minerals (mullite and sillimanite) in the experimental pellets. An analysis of the physicochemical properties revealed that heating the first batch of pellets in an oxidizing environment at temperatures of 1000–1200 °C predominantly resulted in the formation of mullite and quartz, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and petrographic analysis. Thermodynamic diagram analysis showed that aluminum silicates begin to decompose in the range of 1650–2050 °C, with mullite decomposing at 1800 °C. A characteristic feature of this range is the formation of aluminum carbide, which, in the presence of excess silica, is easily neutralized to form ferrosilicon and aluminum. Above 2050 °C, silicon carbide in the charge sharply decreases, and the concentration of silicon and aluminum in the metal increases. Silicon carbide is primarily consumed in reaction with alumina, silicon suboxides, and aluminum to form a silicon-aluminum alloy.

本文介绍了一项研究的结果，以选择最具成本效益的原料生产硅铁和铝。选取哈萨克斯坦Ekibastuz煤的灰渣和铝渣作为生产球团的主要原料。对所得球团的物理化学性质的研究表明，在实验球团中存在难熔矿物（莫来石和硅线石）。理化性质分析表明，第一批球团在1000-1200℃的氧化环境中加热，主要形成莫来石和石英，x射线衍射和岩石学分析证实了这一点。热力学图分析表明，硅酸铝在1650 ~ 2050℃开始分解，莫来石在1800℃开始分解。这个范围的一个特征是形成碳化铝，在过量二氧化硅的存在下，很容易中和形成硅铁和铝。在2050℃以上，电荷中的碳化硅急剧减少，金属中硅和铝的浓度增加。碳化硅主要与氧化铝、氧化硅和铝反应形成硅铝合金。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructural and elemental evolution of directed energy deposited inconel 825 under hot corrosion 热腐蚀下定向能沉积inconel 825的组织与元素演化

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100222

Ilangovan Arun , Sarange Shreepad Marotrao , Vipin Sharma , Sivakumar Karthikeyan , Zakir Hussain , P. Veeramanikandan , M. Venkatesulu , Rajendiran M. , T.S. Senthil

This study investigates the hot corrosion behaviour of Inconel 825 wall under high-temperature environments using a eutectic mixture of sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) and vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅). The wall was fabricated using cold metal transfer (CMT)-based directed energy deposition (DED) process. Specimens were exposed to temperatures of 700°C and 900°C to simulate conditions encountered in industrial applications such as marine engineering and power generation. At 700°C, the alloy exhibited a weight gain of approximately 0.15 mg/cm² over 50 h, attributed to the formation of a dense and adherent Cr₂O₃ oxide layer. SEM/EDS analysis confirmed a uniform chromium-enriched oxide scale with limited incorporation of vanadium and sulphur, maintaining parabolic corrosion kinetics. At 900°C, the weight gain increased significantly to 0.7 mg/cm², reflecting a shift to linear kinetics. SEM/EDS analysis at this temperature indicated extensive incorporation of vanadium and sulphur into the oxide layer, forming non-protective compounds such as NiV₂O₆, CrVO₄, Cr₂S₃, and Ni₃S₂. Elemental mapping demonstrated chromium depletion in the oxide scale and substrate, compromising the formation of a continuous Cr₂O₃ layer. This study emphasizes the temperature-dependent nature of hot corrosion mechanisms of Inconel 825 and highlights the need for surface engineering techniques to enhance its performance in aggressive environments.

本研究使用硫酸钠（Na₂SO₄）和五氧化二钒（V₂O₅）的共晶混合物在高温环境下研究了Inconel 825壁的热腐蚀行为。采用基于冷金属转移（CMT）的定向能沉积（DED）工艺制备了该壁。样品暴露在700°C和900°C的温度下，以模拟海洋工程和发电等工业应用中遇到的条件。在700°C时，合金的重量增加了大约0.15 mg/cm²，超过50 h，这是由于形成了致密和粘附的Cr₂O₃氧化层。SEM/EDS分析证实了均匀的富铬氧化垢，钒和硫的掺入有限，保持抛物线腐蚀动力学。在900°C时，增重显著增加到0.7 mg/cm²，反映了线性动力学的转变。在这个温度下的SEM/EDS分析表明，钒和硫在氧化层中大量结合，形成了非保护性化合物，如NiV₂O₆、CrVO₄、Cr₂S₃和Ni₃S₂。元素映射显示了氧化层和衬底中的铬耗尽，损害了连续Cr₂O₃层的形成。本研究强调了Inconel 825热腐蚀机制的温度依赖性质，并强调了表面工程技术的必要性，以提高其在腐蚀性环境中的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Resource-efficient fracture-mechanical characterization of short cracks in additively manufactured titanium aluminides 增材制造铝酸钛短裂纹的资源节约型断裂力学特征

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100220

Niklas Kloos, Mirko Teschke, Selim Mrzljak, Alexander Koch, Frank Walther

Titanium aluminides are gaining attention in the aerospace and automotive sectors due to their high-temperature resistance, low density, and favorable mechanical properties. They offer significant weight advantages over conventional nickel-based superalloys, enhancing energy efficiency and reducing CO₂ emissions. Additive manufacturing (AM) enables resource-efficient production of titanium aluminides with high design flexibility. However, the presence of porosity necessitates detailed fracture-mechanical characterization for safety-relevant applications. This study investigates key parameters for characterizing the short-crack behavior of additively manufactured titanium aluminides produced by electron beam melting (EBM). A testing method incorporating load increase tests was developed to acquire R-curves from single miniature specimens, determining fatigue crack growth thresholds. Various testing parameters were evaluated using resonant fatigue testing and electrical resistance-based crack measurement. The results show that stress increment and step length significantly influence R-curve development and crack propagation. Additionally, build orientation impacts threshold values, while hot isostatic pressing (HIP) can affect grain structure and crack growth behavior. The feasibility of pre-cracking under compressive loading suggests this method should be prioritized for accurate results. This study establishes a reliable foundation for further investigations into the fatigue behavior of additively manufactured titanium aluminides in safety-critical applications.

钛铝化物由于其耐高温、低密度和良好的机械性能，在航空航天和汽车领域受到越来越多的关注。与传统的镍基高温合金相比，它们具有显著的重量优势，提高了能源效率，减少了二氧化碳排放。增材制造（AM）使资源高效的钛铝化物生产具有高设计灵活性。然而，为了安全相关的应用，孔隙度的存在需要详细的裂缝力学特征。研究了电子束熔炼增材铝化钛短裂纹行为的关键参数。提出了一种结合载荷增加试验的试验方法，以获取单个微型试样的r曲线，确定疲劳裂纹扩展阈值。通过共振疲劳试验和基于电阻的裂纹测量来评估各种测试参数。结果表明，应力增量和步长对r曲线的发展和裂纹扩展有显著影响。此外，构建取向影响阈值，而热等静压（HIP）可以影响晶粒结构和裂纹扩展行为。在压缩荷载作用下预裂的可行性表明，为了获得准确的结果，应优先考虑这种方法。该研究为进一步研究增材制造铝化钛在安全关键应用中的疲劳行为奠定了可靠的基础。

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