Journal of Behavior, Health & Social Issues最新文献

It has been identified that high academic requirements that demand students within the university can lead to losing control and how to address the problems, even having high levels of anxiety and depression, as well as a number of not healthy behaviors that affect retention and academic performance of students. According to these considerations in this paper raises the importance of knowing the situations that generate anxiety responses in 87 students of Dentistry FES Iztacala UNAM, aged 17 and 31 years who previously had been applied to them ISRA of Miguel-Tobal and Cano-Vindel, and were identified as having high levels of anxiety, which led us to make a qualitative analysis to determine situations prevailing higher levels of anxiety and anxious response rates; also compared by sex and semesters. Results showed situations examination and public speaking as the most important to generating anxiety; likewise, it was found that women and men third semester women and fifth semester men are the most anxious, standing out type physiological responses.

The purpose of this research was to relate the stress level caused by financial problems on the employees’ productivity in Petroleos Mexicanos in the Southeast of Mexico. This research used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis. According the model results, it demonstrates the direct relationship between financial stress and the employee productivity.

Positive Psychology is the scientific study of human optimum functioning, proposes that the institutions should enable the development of positive relationships and the strengths of people. Currently, counts with instruments that measure both strengths (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) and family functioning (Atri & Zetune, 2006). The interest of this research is going in that direction. The present work reports the study, conducted with 14 athletes of high performance sport, over 18 years of age and selected national of the same martial art. The results indicate that evaluated families tend to functionality. The family areas of problem solution, functional and dysfunctional emotional involvement present relationship with seven strengths: perseverance, love of knowledge, optimism/hope, courage, creativity, self-regulation and open mind. It is concluded that family functioning enables the emergence of certain strengths in high performance athletes and that growth options are possible in the area of difficulty.

Mindful eating concerns an awareness of our dietary habits, while its absence is typically associated with anxiety, negative affect and binge eating. The objective of this study was to analyze these variables in a sample of 216 individuals, divided in four groups: students who practiced sport regularly, university athletes, yoga practitioners and persons suffering from obesity. They were assessed by a semi-structured interview and the questionnaires MEQ, BES, PANAS and BAI. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, ANOVA and multiple regression. Results demonstrated that people who have less awareness of their eating habits are generally more overweight, more anxious and have higher levels of negative affect, while they demonstrate less control over their eating habits. Moreover, these variables can predict binge eating. The model obtained was significant (p < .001) and its predictive capacity through R square corrected was .51. This means that the model predicts a 51% of binge eating from mindful eating, body mass index, anxiety and negative affect.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between university adaptation, perceived stress and mental and physical health. We also evaluated if perceived stress mediated the relationship between university adaptation and health. A cross-sectional study was carried out among general studies undergraduate students of one private university in Lima, Peru. The sample was composed of 200 students with an average of 18.13 years old (SD = 1.41). Multiple regression and mediation analyses were assessed to understand the relationship between university adaptation and health. Multiple linear regression estimations had the following results for mental and physical health. Interpersonal relationships in university better related to mental health. This model was composed by interpersonal relationships (Interpersonal), dedication to study and future career plans, which accounted for 23% of the whole model. Physical health model was composed of perceived stress and study which accounted for 22% of the whole model of physical health. Mediation analysis showed that perceived stress fully mediated the relationship between study and physical health. Our findings could help further understand how college students are adjusting in order to have a better health. These findings have important implications on assessing interventions for students that are struggling to adapt to college demands.

Immigration is a process that allows an individual to acquire capitals linked to attributes of education: knowledge, abilities, attitudes and values. Intrastate migration is a major phenomenon in Mexico that is dominated by women. In 2010, Yucatan was the state with the most internal movement. We applied a four-stage model to analyze migration among nine immigrant Maya women in Merida, the capital of Yucatan, during 2011. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Using this theoretical basis and content analysis, we identified types of capitals and their relationship to attributes of education, and how the studied women had used them during their rural-to-urban migration. Emphasis was placed on the Instability and Establishment stages, and the adjustments they made in their new urban environment. Immigration is clearly an element of informal education that allowed the studied women to develop new decision-making skills and ways of appreciating themselves.

Lithuania is repeatedly rated among road safety outsiders having some of the worst statistical indicators. Traffic collisions are the leading cause of injuries and mortality of youth (5–25 years old) in Lithuania, age group 15–24 contributing the most. Based on literature review we concluded that theoretically rationalized educational road safety intervention could raise Lithuanian road safety standards in the future. Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was employed to design and assess the effectiveness of pre-driver road safety education programme on changing behaviour components predicting risk taking behaviour of late teenage students. 11 graduate students (N = 302) from 10 schools took part in a Quasi-experimental study, 6 schools were assigned to experimental group, 4 to control. Experimental group have received an educational 4 h intervention, after a baseline questionnaire assignment. 5 components of road risk taking behaviour, based on Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behaviour constructs were measured in 2 week's time interval as indicators of effectiveness of the programme. Students from the experimental group had more negative attitude towards road risk taking behaviour, they were less willing to engage in such behaviour and they perceived their peers as less tolerant to this behaviour after the intervention. No significant changes in these components, but negative change in perceived threat, have occurred in the control group. Results showed that the programme was effective in changing behaviour components that predict students’ risk taking on the road.

The Educational Reform launched in 2013 established, as fundamental, evaluation for the elements within the National Educational System (NES). An important element from NES, it is the Teaching Professional Service (TPS) at the public educational system, which requires solid processes of evaluation focused more on cultural and contextual opportunities and constraints faced by educational professionals in service. In order to foster fairer, useful and feasibility evaluation for educational professionals, the Ministry of Education, through the Center for Educational Evaluation of Yucatan State, developed a Public Consult to identify the main characteristics that professionals within the TPS should develop within their educational practice. The Public Consult included participation from teachers, principals, academic supervisors and pedagogical advisors from elementary education. In this paper, we analyze characteristics that contribute to principals’ performance profile and to pedagogical leadership approach. We analyzed five main dimensions for principals’ performance characteristics: educational policy and pedagogical knowledge, educational praxis, professional development, ethical and identity professional, and community commitment. We consider the Public Consult will support the educational system evaluation mainly focusing on the cultural and pedagogical context of the TPS in Yucatán, in order to contribute to the feedback for characteristics retention (performance) of principals from elementary education.

Metacontingency is a conceptual tool that allows behavior analysts to study behavioral processes at a cultural level. The majority of studies on metacontingencies concern cooperative behavior in humans. Skinner (1962), however, proposed some experimental setups for the study of cooperation using pigeons, which were followed by others. The present work was designed to present a setup that allows researchers to investigate metacontingencies using fish as subjects. In addition, it will present a pilot study. The results of the pilot may indicate that an aggregate product emitted by the pairs of fish can be shaped and maintained by its consequences. This enhances the generality of the metacontingency concept, demonstrating that the concept may describe cultural selection in non-human subjects.

One of the identified conditions under the comprehensive learning experimental analysis corresponds to linguistic enabling. This has been defined as the facilitation of the linguistic performance in active mode as a result of exposure to one in reactive mode. One experiment was developed in order to evaluate the linguistic enabling between complementary reactive-active modes while learning the commutative property of addition through exposure to five competence levels of different complexity. Participants were 15 public school sixth graders. Results showed that a greater number of enabling cases occurred when modes were read-write. Performance within each level appeared to be independent from others and generally favored the reference and selector levels.