Journal of Behavior, Health & Social Issues最新文献

Treatment adherence is a key health behavior in chronic patients. This study investigates the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between perceived self-efficacy and adherence to treatment. The sample is composed of 202 chronic patients living in Spain. Stratified random sampling was used to select participants based on the variables age group and type of disease. As predicted, patient self-efficacy is associated with lower levels of nonadherence as well as greater perceived social support. The results show that self-efficacy has a significant direct effect and an indirect effect (through social support and satisfaction with support) on patient adherence, specifically regarding diet and exercise. This study contributes to understand the processes underlying increased levels of nonadherence to treatment in people with lower self-efficacy and less social support. The results are discussed in terms of their contribution to future intervention programs for improving adherence to treatment in chronic patient groups.

The purpose of this study was to explore Mexican older adults’ perspectives on successful aging along with their views about whether they consider themselves successful agers and why. Using a grounded theory framework, individual interviews were conducted with 23 older adults aged 62-88 years in Zapopan, Mexico. Successful aging is a multidimensional concept that is influenced by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Overall, participants’ definition of successful aging includes acceptance and adaptation to life transitions and health conditions, strong involvement with family and friends, being close to God, the achievement of personal goals, and aging in place. Most participants considered themselves to be successful agers although some of them recognized that not in all aspects of their lives.

According to a interbehavioral perspective, in a previous work it was presented a model to analize Hipnotic Anesthesia/Analgesia (HA /A) as a phenomenon of Paradoxical Stable Affectation (PSA), possibly belonging to a case of Referential Sustitutive Function. In order to analyze empirically how the referents “hypnosis” and “relaxation” involved in the same form of procedure (or “hypnotic induction”) can facilitate or interfere with the articulation of the HA/A, a methodology is used to identificate Verbal Indicators (VI) and Nonverbal Indicators (NVI) related to pain. For the present study Test Pressure Cold or CPT was used. The results showed that the use of reference “hypnosis” can facilitate the disappearance of the NVI and a decrease of VI, while in the case of reference “relaxation” NVI and VI reduce but none disappear.

An investigation whose objectives were to review the reliability and validity of Roberts’ Suicide Ideation Scale and its convenient cut point to record the presence of suicidal ideation is presented.

Method

A nonrandom sample of 200 men (42%) women and 276 (58%) of the 2012-2 school year students of the College of Sciences and Humanities Vallejo campus was applied battery of instruments for Evaluation in Youth Suicide Ideation composed of three sections; personal identification, psychological constructs and suicidal ideation. Suitable cut point scale by recording sensitivity and specificity were identified.

Results

Reliability; .76, factorial validity grouping reactive on a factor, the total explained variance 63.4%; appropriate percentages forecast the group of belonging; 70% to 90%. Positive correlation with psychological and personal Identification usually associated with the presence of suicidal Ideation variables. Corresponding to the $\bar{X}$ + 5 SD cutoff.

Conclusions

Suicide Ideation Scale Roberts is a suitable option for recording the presence of suicidal ideation, but is required to corroborate the results found in further research.

Rats must forage adaptively, choose safe foods, and avoid poisonous foods. The social transmission of food preference paradigm is useful to study learning and memory. Several studies have found that the associations formed in that paradigms are examples of declarative memory. Scopolamine induces interference in learning and consolidation of memories in diverse tasks. In this experiment, we evaluated the effect of one dose of the drug on the memory formed in several trials of this paradigm. In three groups, we evaluated the effect of administering saline and scopolamine with a control group that received no treatment. Results showed that the dose of scopolamine interfered with the consolidation of a series of trials in the transmission of preference. We discussed the effect in relation to different studies that used different tasks. The results support that scopolamine impaired consolidation on social transmission of food preference.

Older adults sat before a table on which a plastic block was placed at different distances. In two activities we assessed the precision with which participants estimated the ‘reachability’ of the block and the modes of action employed to reach it. The distances at which the block was placed were expressed on intrinsic units as the ratio between the distance of the block and the participant's arm length. Results showed that participants overestimated their abilities to reach. Different modes of action appeared orderly as a function of the distance of the block, suggesting that the relationship between the participant's arm length and the distance of the block contributed to the emergence of different modes of action. When comparing the performance of older adults and young adults, it was found that older adults changed the distribution of their modes of action at closer distances than younger adults. These changes in the distribution of postural reach strategies displayed by older adults probably compensated the biomechanical limitations that arise with age.

At physiological high levels, Prolactin (PRL) is related with many functions, including lactation, reproduction and sexual behavior. Abnormal high levels, referred to as hyperprolactinemia (HP), are associated with sexual disorders like hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction and infertility. Male rats with HP display less mounts and intromissions, as well as higher ejaculation latencies, however, little is known about the effect of modest HP. To learn more about this topic, the study aims to analyze the effect of a moderate HP (40 ng/ml), induced by pituitary transplantation and ovine PRL administration (100μg/d), on sexual behavior of sexually experienced male rats. Sixty-four sexually experienced male rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: 1) Ctrl; 2) oPRL; 3) Graft and; 4) Sham. During a time of 15 days, rats were subjected to a sexual behavior test every three days. The last day, sexual behavior was tested with the SBR Software. Results showed that pituitary graft produced and increase in the number of mounts, and longer intromission-ejaculation latencies compared with controls. Also, we found that hit rate was reduced. Interestingly, these parameters are related with the anticipatory/consummatory phases of the sexual behavior, suggesting a role of PRL in males with not chronic HP.

The purpose of this study was to obtain adjusted measures for a Mexican population calculating item discrimination properties, internal consistency and factor structure of four instruments: Zarit Burden Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory, the General Health Questionnaire, and Stress Symptoms Inventory. The report presents the results of the analysis of psychometric properties of the four selected measures and used in a study designed to document the effect of objective workloads in Mexican homemakers over perceived workloads, burnout syndrome, general health, and stress symptoms. Seven hundred and fifty nine participants all Mexican homemakers dedicated to at least three hours-a-day to domestic activities were included. Additionally, they were in charge of childrearing, feeding, hygiene, cleaning the house and scheduling home activities; they needed to have basic writing and reading skills. A quote of women participants from five states of Mexico, living in urban or rural zones, with single, double or triple workloads were included to the sample. Estimations included statistical procedures for item discrimination properties sticking to distribution and significant differentiation of variability; internal consistency analysis for estimation of reliability of subscales; exploratory factor analysis to define factorial structure. Finally, it was calculated confirmatory factor analysis to confirm construct validity. Results showed that the instruments have adequate psychometric properties to evaluate samples of Mexican homemakers.

The main objective of this study was to determine which woman stereotypes are most common in a group of young adolescents from Buenos Aires; to then see how they valué these stereotypes and analyse whether they can be categorised as hostile, benevolent or of another kind. The total sample was composed of 250 secondary school students from the City of Buenos Aires, aging between 16 and 18, of both sexes. The first five woman features to come to participants minds were analysed, along with a valué scale for each of them that ranged from very positive to very negative. Additionally, levéis of ambivalent sexism were assessed in both hostile and benevolent forms. The main stereotypes of women and their positive or negative evaluation are described, along with the relationship they keep with hostile and benevolent forms of sexism. Finally, we observe that several stereotypes categorized as benevolent were valued both positively and negatively, which opens a field of discussion about the relationship between ambivalent sexism and stereotypes of women

Given the impact of resilience in youth's personal and social development, it is important to concentrate efforts in building or adapting instruments that can evaluate resilience with validity and reliability. To date, there is no adequate instrument that evaluates resilience with the population of Mexican adolescents in Spanish language. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the Resilience Scale (READ) with a sample of Mexican adolescents. Participants were 840 adolescents living in the Metropolitan zone of Guadalajara (Mexico). Factor, exploratory and confirmatory analyses were conducted, and the convergent and divergent validity of the scale was also evaluated. Results are similar to other validation studies of the READ, with the difference of a new factor arising related to goal-orientation and which was probably derived due to the cultural differences of the population. The findings conclude that the READ in Spanish is a valid measure for the Mexican context. Implications are discussed.