Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100138
Yuchao Li , Yuli Kou , Jide Wang , Yansong Zhao
Liquid water is an important solvent for carbon-based life, due to its special structure and hydrogen bond engaging the biochemical reactions and energy transformations in the cell. However, the liquid window of water is narrow, within 0–100 °C at 1 atm. When water is partly replaced using ionic liquids (ILs) to transfer energy and nutrition, life activities may happen at a wide temperature range and a wide pressure range on earth, in the solar system and the universe. Aqueous Gly-based ILs were employed as a culture medium for the cultivation of algae. Four different kinds of Gly-based ILs were first synthesized by neutral reaction. Structure of synthesized ILs was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR. Furthermore, effect of Gly-based ILs concentration on algae growth was investigated. Growth rate of algae was tested by microscope and UV–vis according to the absorption of chlorophyll. The Gly-based IL presented higher biological compatibility of algae than previous work. The highest concentration of glycine phosphate suit for algae cultivation is 15 % and the algae could reproduce for 30 days without obvious inhibition. This research is promising work in the context of the cultivation of algae in amino acid IL based culture medium and exploring the life activity restricted zone on earth.
{"title":"Algae cultivation in Ultra-high concentration Amino acid based ionic liquids","authors":"Yuchao Li , Yuli Kou , Jide Wang , Yansong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid water is an important solvent for carbon-based life, due to its special structure and hydrogen bond engaging the biochemical reactions and energy transformations in the cell. However, the liquid window of water is narrow, within 0–100 °C at 1 atm. When water is partly replaced using ionic liquids (ILs) to transfer energy and nutrition, life activities may happen at a wide temperature range and a wide pressure range on earth, in the solar system and the universe. Aqueous Gly-based ILs were employed as a culture medium for the cultivation of algae. Four different kinds of Gly-based ILs were first synthesized by neutral reaction. Structure of synthesized ILs was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR. Furthermore, effect of Gly-based ILs concentration on algae growth was investigated. Growth rate of algae was tested by microscope and UV–vis according to the absorption of chlorophyll. The Gly-based IL presented higher biological compatibility of algae than previous work. The highest concentration of glycine phosphate suit for algae cultivation is 15 % and the algae could reproduce for 30 days without obvious inhibition. This research is promising work in the context of the cultivation of algae in amino acid IL based culture medium and exploring the life activity restricted zone on earth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied the solvent effect of imidazolium ionic liquids, which are media with microphase separation in their structure, on the cationic dye ABPX01. The proton accepting capacity of ionic liquids differs depending on their anions. Protonation of ABPX01 was enhanced in ionic liquids composed of anions with low proton accepting capacity, resulting in an increased proportion of dicationic forms. The alkyl group of the imidazolium cation caused a macroscopic change in viscosity, leading to a slight enhancement of the fluorescence intensity and an extension of the fluorescence lifetime. ABPX has potential material applications as a probe for the proton accepting capacity of ionic liquids and as a dye with AIE properties when used with suitable ionic liquids as a medium.
{"title":"Solvent effects of imidazolium ionic liquids on photophysical properties of π-electron extended rhodamine dye ABPX","authors":"Kaoru Nobuoka , Shinji Enoki , Hideyuki Tanaka , Satoshi Kitaoka","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We studied the solvent effect of imidazolium ionic liquids, which are media with microphase separation in their structure, on the cationic dye ABPX01. The proton accepting capacity of ionic liquids differs depending on their anions. Protonation of ABPX01 was enhanced in ionic liquids composed of anions with low proton accepting capacity, resulting in an increased proportion of dicationic forms. The alkyl group of the imidazolium cation caused a macroscopic change in viscosity, leading to a slight enhancement of the fluorescence intensity and an extension of the fluorescence lifetime. ABPX has potential material applications as a probe for the proton accepting capacity of ionic liquids and as a dye with AIE properties when used with suitable ionic liquids as a medium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143209254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100136
Amizon Azizan , Rosmaria Abu Darim , Intan Suhada Azmi , Rafidah Jalil , Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf
So much about the crystallinity details during lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment using ionic liquid as solvent has not been highly progressively described. The high expense associated with specific ionic liquids may have impeded the advancement of their use in pretreatment and its subsequent steps. Initially, the pretreated empty fruit bunch, oil palm frond, and oil palm trunk using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac) as ionic liquid solvent during pretreatment have indicated prospective distortion of the cellulosic chains. Simply using the calculated crystallinity status, for instance, from X-Ray Diffraction or Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analyses, may assist during the early decisive point regarding pretreatment effectiveness. Thus, in this article, the crystallinity status, like the crystallinity index (CrI) from X-Ray Diffraction analysis, was used as a beneficial preliminary predictive index to describe the transformation of less ordered structures in lignocellulosic biomass as an early decisive point after pretreatment prior to any succeeding steps. For this, fifteen (15) sets of pretreatment optimization strategies with the Box-Behnken design method (Response Surface Methodology) solely on oil palm frond (OPF) were further proceeded with using [EMIM]Ac concentration percentages of 20, 40, and 60% (v/v), with OPF solid loading percentages of 5, 10, and 15% (w/v), as well as at reactor temperatures of 90, 110, and 130 °C. All the linear model terms of these independent variables, along with the 2-way interaction model between the ionic liquid and solid loading, were found to be significant to the effect of CrI on the pretreated OPF. The proposed optimized pretreatment variable region for lower CrI was observed and concluded to be approximately 48% [EMIM]Ac with a solid loading of 12% OPF-[EMIM]Ac at a temperature of 93 °C. The optimized pretreatment strategy indicated a moderate balance between ionic liquid concentration percentage and operating temperature on a solid loading per volume basis. With this optimization data route, the challenge of determining which highly efficient ionic liquid is costly during pretreatment on any biomass can be shortened by preliminary CrI value benchmarking.
{"title":"Understanding crystallinity indexes benchmarking concept from optimized parametric ionic liquid pretreatment using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate [EMIM]Ac on oil palm biomass","authors":"Amizon Azizan , Rosmaria Abu Darim , Intan Suhada Azmi , Rafidah Jalil , Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>So much about the crystallinity details during lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment using ionic liquid as solvent has not been highly progressively described. The high expense associated with specific ionic liquids may have impeded the advancement of their use in pretreatment and its subsequent steps. Initially, the pretreated empty fruit bunch, oil palm frond, and oil palm trunk using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac) as ionic liquid solvent during pretreatment have indicated prospective distortion of the cellulosic chains. Simply using the calculated crystallinity status, for instance, from X-Ray Diffraction or Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analyses, may assist during the early decisive point regarding pretreatment effectiveness. Thus, in this article, the crystallinity status, like the crystallinity index (CrI) from X-Ray Diffraction analysis, was used as a beneficial preliminary predictive index to describe the transformation of less ordered structures in lignocellulosic biomass as an early decisive point after pretreatment prior to any succeeding steps. For this, fifteen (15) sets of pretreatment optimization strategies with the Box-Behnken design method (Response Surface Methodology) solely on oil palm frond (OPF) were further proceeded with using [EMIM]Ac concentration percentages of 20, 40, and 60% (v/v), with OPF solid loading percentages of 5, 10, and 15% (w/v), as well as at reactor temperatures of 90, 110, and 130 °C. All the linear model terms of these independent variables, along with the 2-way interaction model between the ionic liquid and solid loading, were found to be significant to the effect of CrI on the pretreated OPF. The proposed optimized pretreatment variable region for lower CrI was observed and concluded to be approximately 48% [EMIM]Ac with a solid loading of 12% OPF-[EMIM]Ac at a temperature of 93 °C. The optimized pretreatment strategy indicated a moderate balance between ionic liquid concentration percentage and operating temperature on a solid loading per volume basis. With this optimization data route, the challenge of determining which highly efficient ionic liquid is costly during pretreatment on any biomass can be shortened by preliminary CrI value benchmarking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100135
Sanjeeta, Ajay Singh, Jyoti Kavirajwar
In the current scenario, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have gained a lot of significance compared to organic solvents and Ionic liquids. Due to the presence of a hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor in DESs, dynamic properties such as high thermal stability, electrochemical stability, good solvating power, and moderate viscosity can be observed. A thorough description of basic characteristic features of the DESs such as their formation, structure, physicochemical properties, and their diverse applications are discussed in this review paper. Different parameters like temperature, composition or molar ratio, and nature of components influence the properties and hence the applications of Deep Eutectic solvents, confirmed in the literature. Their vast uses in different domains, like drug delivery, synthesis, extraction of material, and electrochemistry aspects are discussed in detail. DESs have the potential as sustainable green solvents and can contribute to strengthening green chemistry. Future directions and challenges for research are also focused, on maximizing the performance and extending the applications of DESs for a wide range of academic and industrial endeavors.
{"title":"Dynamic properties and diverse applications of deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Sanjeeta, Ajay Singh, Jyoti Kavirajwar","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current scenario, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have gained a lot of significance compared to organic solvents and Ionic liquids. Due to the presence of a hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor in DESs, dynamic properties such as high thermal stability, electrochemical stability, good solvating power, and moderate viscosity can be observed. A thorough description of basic characteristic features of the DESs such as their formation, structure, physicochemical properties, and their diverse applications are discussed in this review paper. Different parameters like temperature, composition or molar ratio, and nature of components influence the properties and hence the applications of Deep Eutectic solvents, confirmed in the literature. Their vast uses in different domains, like drug delivery, synthesis, extraction of material, and electrochemistry aspects are discussed in detail. DESs have the potential as sustainable green solvents and can contribute to strengthening green chemistry. Future directions and challenges for research are also focused, on maximizing the performance and extending the applications of DESs for a wide range of academic and industrial endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100134
Alok Rout , S. Sriram , N. Ramanathan
The presence of Zr(IV) in the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is an hindrance for a smooth and safe reprocessing of actinides and other fission products. The separation of Zr(IV) from nitric acid feed through solvent extraction route is a challenging task as far as its aqueous chemistry and the selectivity of the proposed extractants for it is concerned. In this context, we employed a strongly hydrophobic and sustainable quarternary alkyl phosphonium-based ionic liquid (IL): Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium nitrate ([P66614][NO3]) (or cyphos nitrate) for the extraction of Zr(IV) from a broad range of acidic feed and evaluated the feasibility of its selective separation from a Fast Reactor Simulated High Level Liquid Waste (FR-SHLLW) solution (Burn up: 80 GWd/Te). The extraction factor of [P66614][NO3] was compared with that observed in other classes of ILs in their undiluted condition. The efficient extraction of Zr(IV) without any additional ligand in IL phase by adopting simple complexation mechanism infers the novelty of [P66614][NO3]. High asymmetricity and bulkiness of IL cation enables more freedom to its anion (NO3-) to coordinate with Zr(IV), thereby realizing high extraction factors as compared to other ILs having different cations (or anions). The novelty was further clarified from the notable extraction efficiency by consuming very less IL volume (low IL to aqueous phase ratio). The radiation stability of cyphos nitrate was affirmed from the extraction factors at different exposed doses. The uniqueness of [P66614][NO3] for Zr(IV) over the co-extracting Pd(II) was assured using an aqueous soluble complexing agent for the later to be trapped in the raffinate phase of SHLLW solution. At end, a schematic flow-sheet was proposed for selective separation of Zr(IV) from SHLLW solution.
{"title":"Understanding the affinity of Cyphos Nitrate for Zr(IV) over other metal ions present in simulated high level liquid waste compositions","authors":"Alok Rout , S. Sriram , N. Ramanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of Zr(IV) in the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is an hindrance for a smooth and safe reprocessing of actinides and other fission products. The separation of Zr(IV) from nitric acid feed through solvent extraction route is a challenging task as far as its aqueous chemistry and the selectivity of the proposed extractants for it is concerned. In this context, we employed a strongly hydrophobic and sustainable quarternary alkyl phosphonium-based ionic liquid (IL): Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium nitrate ([P<sub>66614</sub>][NO<sub>3</sub>]) (or cyphos nitrate) for the extraction of Zr(IV) from a broad range of acidic feed and evaluated the feasibility of its selective separation from a Fast Reactor Simulated High Level Liquid Waste (FR-SHLLW) solution (Burn up: 80 GWd/Te). The extraction factor of [P<sub>66614</sub>][NO<sub>3</sub>] was compared with that observed in other classes of ILs in their undiluted condition. The efficient extraction of Zr(IV) without any additional ligand in IL phase by adopting simple complexation mechanism infers the novelty of [P<sub>66614</sub>][NO<sub>3</sub>]. High asymmetricity and bulkiness of IL cation enables more freedom to its anion (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) to coordinate with Zr(IV), thereby realizing high extraction factors as compared to other ILs having different cations (or anions). The novelty was further clarified from the notable extraction efficiency by consuming very less IL volume (low IL to aqueous phase ratio). The radiation stability of cyphos nitrate was affirmed from the extraction factors at different exposed doses. The uniqueness of [P<sub>66614</sub>][NO<sub>3</sub>] for Zr(IV) over the co-extracting Pd(II) was assured using an aqueous soluble complexing agent for the later to be trapped in the raffinate phase of SHLLW solution. At end, a schematic flow-sheet was proposed for selective separation of Zr(IV) from SHLLW solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recycling of metals from end-of-life products requires an essential step of metal and alloy dissolution. Metal-based ionic liquids have the potential to be used for this purpose. However, scant work has been reported on oxidative dissolution of metal and alloys using metal-based ionic liquids. In this work, oxidative dissolution of four metals (Fe, Cu, Al and Ag) in pure metal-based ILs and aqueous IL is investigated. It is found that pure [Bmim][FeCl4] has no significant corrosion on steel. However, steel ball and copper can be dissolved into 20 % [Bmim][FeCl4] aqueous solution. Meanwhile, iron and copper powder can be quickly dissolved into [Bmim][CuCl3] and [Bmim][AgCl2] aqueous solution. Therefore, our results suggest that metal-based ionic liquid can be utilized to dissolve metal from mines using aqueous metal-based ionic liquid and then metal can be deposited from metal-rich aqueous metal-based ionic liquid water by removing water. By this method, high purified metal can be extracted from mines. In addition, with the increasing amount of electrical cars/buses, battery waste will be a big problem in the next 5–10 years. Our results manifest that a promising method for metal extraction from battery waste.
{"title":"Oxidative dissolution of metals in metal-based ionic liquids: Iron, copper, silver and aluminum","authors":"Yuchao Li , Yanxia Zheng , Huishuang Zhao , Qingshan Zhu , Yansong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling of metals from end-of-life products requires an essential step of metal and alloy dissolution. Metal-based ionic liquids have the potential to be used for this purpose. However, scant work has been reported on oxidative dissolution of metal and alloys using metal-based ionic liquids. In this work, oxidative dissolution of four metals (Fe, Cu, Al and Ag) in pure metal-based ILs and aqueous IL is investigated. It is found that pure [Bmim][FeCl<sub>4</sub>] has no significant corrosion on steel. However, steel ball and copper can be dissolved into 20 % [Bmim][FeCl<sub>4</sub>] aqueous solution. Meanwhile, iron and copper powder can be quickly dissolved into [Bmim][CuCl<sub>3</sub>] and [Bmim][AgCl<sub>2</sub>] aqueous solution. Therefore, our results suggest that metal-based ionic liquid can be utilized to dissolve metal from mines using aqueous metal-based ionic liquid and then metal can be deposited from metal-rich aqueous metal-based ionic liquid water by removing water. By this method, high purified metal can be extracted from mines. In addition, with the increasing amount of electrical cars/buses, battery waste will be a big problem in the next 5–10 years. Our results manifest that a promising method for metal extraction from battery waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1,3-benzodioxole is one prominent biological active moiety which is abundant in numerous natural products. In this work we have synthesized 1,3-benzodioxole based ionic liquids using the different fluorides and have evaluated their anti-bacterial properties on Gram negative (-) Escherichia coli and Gram positive (+) Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains were assessed. In this report we have reported the MIC (minimum inhibitor concentration) and ZOI (zone of inhibition) analysis of the different combinations and the best combination was the further used for the in-silico computational study for the interaction at the atomic level.
{"title":"Anti-Bacterial evaluation of 1,3-Benzodioxole derived imidazolium and pyridinium based ionic liquids","authors":"Sagar Panchal , Hitesh Sehrawat , Nisha Yadav , Shipra Chandra , Vivek Mishra , Neera Sharma , Ramesh Chandra","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2024.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2024.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>1,3-benzodioxole is one prominent biological active moiety which is abundant in numerous natural products. In this work we have synthesized 1,3-benzodioxole based ionic liquids using the different fluorides and have evaluated their anti-bacterial properties on Gram negative (-) <em>Escherichia coli</em> and Gram positive (+) <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> bacterial strains were assessed. In this report we have reported the MIC (minimum inhibitor concentration) and ZOI (zone of inhibition) analysis of the different combinations and the best combination was the further used for the <em>in-silico</em> computational study for the interaction at the atomic level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100132
Tommy Hoong Wy Lee, Phei Li Lau, Ianatul Khoiroh
The rise in lithium battery use has triggered concerns regarding safety due to flammable liquid electrolytes. Ionic liquids (ILs) present an alternative, offering low volatility and high stability. This study explores novel choline-based ILs incorporated into a polymer matrix to synthesise ionic liquid gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). Structural confirmation via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy verified successful synthesis, while the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) revealed their promising thermal stability. GPEs demonstrated remarkable flammability resistance compared to commercial separators. Electrochemical assessments, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), showcased high ionic conductivities and electrochemical stability. Transference numbers and dendrite growth analysis further underscored their excellent performance. Specifically, GPEs comprising 70 % propionyl choline bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide within a polymer matrix, poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), exhibited exceptional conductivity and transference numbers, positioning them as strong candidates for safer and more efficient lithium-ion battery electrolytes.
{"title":"Bio-inspired novel choline ester ionic liquid gel polymer electrolytes for safer lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Tommy Hoong Wy Lee, Phei Li Lau, Ianatul Khoiroh","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise in lithium battery use has triggered concerns regarding safety due to flammable liquid electrolytes. Ionic liquids (ILs) present an alternative, offering low volatility and high stability. This study explores novel choline-based ILs incorporated into a polymer matrix to synthesise ionic liquid gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). Structural confirmation via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy verified successful synthesis, while the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) revealed their promising thermal stability. GPEs demonstrated remarkable flammability resistance compared to commercial separators. Electrochemical assessments, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), showcased high ionic conductivities and electrochemical stability. Transference numbers and dendrite growth analysis further underscored their excellent performance. Specifically, GPEs comprising 70 % propionyl choline bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide within a polymer matrix, poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), exhibited exceptional conductivity and transference numbers, positioning them as strong candidates for safer and more efficient lithium-ion battery electrolytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2024.100131
Emma Rowan, Anne Leung, Konstantinos Grintzalis
Ionic liquids emerged as promising environmentally friendly alternatives to volatile organic compounds offering reduced volatility and enhanced stability. However, their unavoidable introduction into natural environments led to ecological harm particularly to aquatic species. To address this effect-based methods are crucial for the early detection of environmental pollutants and mechanistic understanding of their actions. In this study, three methylimidazolium ionic liquids with varying carbon chain length (1-ethyl-3, 1‑butyl‑3 and 1-hexyl-3) were assessed on their impact on daphnids as a key model organism in ecotoxicology. Combining methods such activities of key enzymes and phenotypic endpoints such as feeding and mortality, revealed notable changes highlighting the sensitivity of these organisms to ionic liquids. The longer chain length resulted in higher mortality; however, this was not reflected in ingestion rates in neonates which was decreased by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium. In addition, activity of peptidase was decreased across all ionic liquids and acid phosphatase was increased only in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium. Finally, glutathione-S-transferase was significantly increased in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium. This study demonstrates that increasing the carbon chain length of the IL results in the most significant changes in enzyme activity. Overall, the integration of daphnid-based assays provides valuable insights into the toxicological effects and environmental risks associated with emerging pollutants such as ionic liquids. This approach underscores the importance of employing advanced methodologies for effective environmental monitoring and protection of aquatic ecosystems.
{"title":"Increasing the carbon chain length of imidazolium ionic liquids impacts their toxicity on daphnids","authors":"Emma Rowan, Anne Leung, Konstantinos Grintzalis","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2024.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2024.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionic liquids emerged as promising environmentally friendly alternatives to volatile organic compounds offering reduced volatility and enhanced stability. However, their unavoidable introduction into natural environments led to ecological harm particularly to aquatic species. To address this effect-based methods are crucial for the early detection of environmental pollutants and mechanistic understanding of their actions. In this study, three methylimidazolium ionic liquids with varying carbon chain length (1-ethyl-3, 1‑butyl‑3 and 1-hexyl-3) were assessed on their impact on daphnids as a key model organism in ecotoxicology. Combining methods such activities of key enzymes and phenotypic endpoints such as feeding and mortality, revealed notable changes highlighting the sensitivity of these organisms to ionic liquids. The longer chain length resulted in higher mortality; however, this was not reflected in ingestion rates in neonates which was decreased by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium. In addition, activity of peptidase was decreased across all ionic liquids and acid phosphatase was increased only in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium. Finally, glutathione-S-transferase was significantly increased in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium. This study demonstrates that increasing the carbon chain length of the IL results in the most significant changes in enzyme activity. Overall, the integration of daphnid-based assays provides valuable insights into the toxicological effects and environmental risks associated with emerging pollutants such as ionic liquids. This approach underscores the importance of employing advanced methodologies for effective environmental monitoring and protection of aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2024.100128
Vinod Jadhav , Athmanand Anchi , Imamhusen Jamadar , Shruti S. Malunavar , Rajesh G. Kalkhambkar , Suraj M. Sutar
Iodine-catalyzed regioselective sulphenylation of various 3-substituted indoles using CS2 as potential tool is demonstrated. An efficient and eco-friendly protocol has been developed to synthesize libraries of 3-sulphenyl indoles by employing CS2 as sulphur coupling-linkage for various 1-aryltriaznes and indoles. Short reaction time, mild reaction conditions, recycle and reuse of ionic liquids (ILs) are the advantages of this methodology. A plausible reaction mechanism to narrate the exploitation of the catalytic and promoting systems is also highlights of this work.
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