Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100180
Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon , Ali Qasim , Bhajan Lal , Muhammad Saad Khan
The study investigates the hydrate liquid vapor equilibrium HLVE experimentally at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 wt % for tetramethylammonium acetate, tetraethylammonium acetate, and their mixtures with the commercially used thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor, monoethylene glycol (MEG). The experimental pressure range for CO2 hydrates is from 2.0 to 3.50 MPa, while the pressure range for CH4 hydrates varies between the values of 3.40 to 8.30 MPa. A Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) based machine learning model has also been developed to predict the hydrate liquid vapor equilibrium (HLVE) of CO2 and CH4 hydrate formation for quaternary ammonium salts (QAS). This analysis suggests kernel optimization of the GPR. With an R2 value of 0.9 and an RMSE value of 0.031, the optimized model has strong predictability using the concentration of QAS, pressure, and temperature as inputs. The results of the model are correlated with the experimental outcome, and the predicted results are in fair accordance with the results of the experiment.
{"title":"Experimental analysis and machine learning modeling of CO2 and CH4 gas hydrate phase equilibria with quaternary ammonium salts","authors":"Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon , Ali Qasim , Bhajan Lal , Muhammad Saad Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates the hydrate liquid vapor equilibrium HLVE experimentally at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 wt % for tetramethylammonium acetate, tetraethylammonium acetate, and their mixtures with the commercially used thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor, monoethylene glycol (MEG). The experimental pressure range for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrates is from 2.0 to 3.50 MPa, while the pressure range for CH<sub>4</sub> hydrates varies between the values of 3.40 to 8.30 MPa. A Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) based machine learning model has also been developed to predict the hydrate liquid vapor equilibrium (HLVE) of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> hydrate formation for quaternary ammonium salts (QAS). This analysis suggests kernel optimization of the GPR. With an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.9 and an RMSE value of 0.031, the optimized model has strong predictability using the concentration of QAS, pressure, and temperature as inputs. The results of the model are correlated with the experimental outcome, and the predicted results are in fair accordance with the results of the experiment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100179
Dominic Burns , Hye-Kyung Timken , Huping Luo , Evan Hatakeyama , Bong-Kyu Chang , Małgorzata Swadźba-Kwaśny , John D. Holbrey
This work reports on the CO2 absorption properties of the superbase derived protic ionic liquid (PIL) made from 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec‑7-ene (DBU) and imidazole (Im). The results show distinct absorption mechanisms under dry and humid conditions. Under dry conditions, CO2 capture results in formation of a carbamate with the imidazolate anion and the base IL can be regenerated at relatively low temperatures, below 100 °C. In contrast, under humid conditions, CO2 is initially absorbed forming bicarbonate, [HCO3]-, which induces solidification and inhibits CO2 desorption below ca. 95 C, however successive absorption/desorption cycles can be achieved using a temperature swing between 95 and 160 °C where the bound CO2 cycles between bicarbonate and carbonate.
{"title":"CO2 Capture mechanism of [DBUH][Im] under humid conditions","authors":"Dominic Burns , Hye-Kyung Timken , Huping Luo , Evan Hatakeyama , Bong-Kyu Chang , Małgorzata Swadźba-Kwaśny , John D. Holbrey","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work reports on the CO<sub>2</sub> absorption properties of the superbase derived protic ionic liquid (PIL) made from 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec‑7-ene (DBU) and imidazole (Im). The results show distinct absorption mechanisms under dry and humid conditions. Under dry conditions, CO<sub>2</sub> capture results in formation of a carbamate with the imidazolate anion and the base IL can be regenerated at relatively low temperatures, below 100 °C. In contrast, under humid conditions, CO<sub>2</sub> is initially absorbed forming bicarbonate, [HCO<sub>3</sub>]<sup>-</sup>, which induces solidification and inhibits CO<sub>2</sub> desorption below <em>ca</em>. 95 C, however successive absorption/desorption cycles can be achieved using a temperature swing between 95 and 160 °C where the bound CO<sub>2</sub> cycles between bicarbonate and carbonate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100177
Shamanth Y.U. , Palash Jyoti Boruah , Subrahmanya Bhat K. , Anoop Kishore Vatti , Srikanth Divi , Tamal Banerjee
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate the modern energy infrastructure in scalable power storage and electric mobility. Lithium recovery is crucial for the emergence of a circular economy, and the supply of spent LIBs has increased due to their widespread usage. This work presents the comprehensive evaluation of lithium binding energies and reduced density graph analysis with ionic liquids (ILs) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, lithium extraction mechanisms from the aqueous solution using ILs are probed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, revealing molecular-scale selectivity. We compared the four ionic liquids (tetra-butylammonium mono-2-ethylhexyl (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate ([N4444] [EHPMEH]), tetra-butylammonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate ([N4444][DEHP]), tetrabutylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate ([P4444] [DEHP]), and tetrabutylphosphonium dodecanoate ([P4444][C11COO]) to extract lithium. Furthermore, from these MD studies, we investigated the extraction mechanism, structural and dynamic properties, such as density analysis, trajectory density contours, and diffusion coefficients. The detailed analysis of structural properties has yielded critical insights into the interfacial interaction of lithium between the aqueous and the ionic liquid phase; the lithium-ion mobility along the different phases was analysed from computed diffusion coefficients. Our results explain the atomistic mechanism of selected ILs and the superior performance of ([N4444] [EHPMEH]) IL in comparison to the other ILs based on localized lithium in the IL phase and binding energies.
{"title":"Lithium extraction using ionic liquids: Insights from quantum chemical and molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Shamanth Y.U. , Palash Jyoti Boruah , Subrahmanya Bhat K. , Anoop Kishore Vatti , Srikanth Divi , Tamal Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate the modern energy infrastructure in scalable power storage and electric mobility. Lithium recovery is crucial for the emergence of a circular economy, and the supply of spent LIBs has increased due to their widespread usage. This work presents the comprehensive evaluation of lithium binding energies and reduced density graph analysis with ionic liquids (ILs) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, lithium extraction mechanisms from the aqueous solution using ILs are probed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, revealing molecular-scale selectivity. We compared the four ionic liquids (tetra-butylammonium mono-2-ethylhexyl (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate ([N<sub>4444</sub>] [EHPMEH]), tetra-butylammonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate ([N<sub>4444</sub>][DEHP]), tetrabutylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate ([P<sub>4444</sub>] [DEHP]), and tetrabutylphosphonium dodecanoate ([P<sub>4444</sub>][C<sub>11</sub>COO]) to extract lithium. Furthermore, from these MD studies, we investigated the extraction mechanism, structural and dynamic properties, such as density analysis, trajectory density contours, and diffusion coefficients. The detailed analysis of structural properties has yielded critical insights into the interfacial interaction of lithium between the aqueous and the ionic liquid phase; the lithium-ion mobility along the different phases was analysed from computed diffusion coefficients. Our results explain the atomistic mechanism of selected ILs and the superior performance of ([N<sub>4444</sub>] [EHPMEH]) IL in comparison to the other ILs based on localized lithium in the IL phase and binding energies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100178
Antje Ota , Marc P. Vocht , Ronald Beyer , André van Zomeren , Ilona van Zandvoort , Jaap W. van Hal , Frank Hermanutz
The demand for man-made cellulosic fibers is rapidly increasing; however, these fibers are mainly based on wood dissolving pulp. Faster growing crops, such as agricultural residues and annual fast-growing plants (i.e. hemp), are attractive alternative raw materials as well.e report on the use of wheat straw pulp (WS) for the spinning of continuous man-made cellulosic fibers based on an ionic liquid spinning technology. Filaments were produced from bleached and unbleached WS pulp that were obtained by an acetone based organosolv fractionation Commercial dissolving pulp based on hardwood (HW) was used as reference pulp Continuous filaments were spun using a novel dry-jet wet spinning (HighPerCell® process) technique, which is based on the use of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octanoate ( [C2C1im] [Oc]) as a solvent. Via this approach, continuous multifilament filaments were spun in textile and technical quality filament yarns. Elongation at break up to 9 % and tenacities of 35 cN/tex were obtained for the WS filaments. The novel approach also allows the preparation of low wet fibrillating cellulosic filaments appropriate for textile applications. It should be emphasized that only recycled IL was used in the production of the filaments and sustainable pulping technology.
{"title":"Spinning of wheat straw-based pulp into cellulosic multifilaments by 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octanoate as direct solvent","authors":"Antje Ota , Marc P. Vocht , Ronald Beyer , André van Zomeren , Ilona van Zandvoort , Jaap W. van Hal , Frank Hermanutz","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for man-made cellulosic fibers is rapidly increasing; however, these fibers are mainly based on wood dissolving pulp. Faster growing crops, such as agricultural residues and annual fast-growing plants (i.e. hemp), are attractive alternative raw materials as well.e report on the use of wheat straw pulp (WS) for the spinning of continuous man-made cellulosic fibers based on an ionic liquid spinning technology. Filaments were produced from bleached and unbleached WS pulp that were obtained by an acetone based organosolv fractionation Commercial dissolving pulp based on hardwood (HW) was used as reference pulp Continuous filaments were spun using a novel dry-jet wet spinning (HighPerCell® process) technique, which is based on the use of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octanoate ( [C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>1</sub>im] [Oc]) as a solvent. Via this approach, continuous multifilament filaments were spun in textile and technical quality filament yarns. Elongation at break up to 9 % and tenacities of 35 cN/tex were obtained for the WS filaments. The novel approach also allows the preparation of low wet fibrillating cellulosic filaments appropriate for textile applications. It should be emphasized that only recycled IL was used in the production of the filaments and sustainable pulping technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100176
Laura Fronchetti Guidugli, Toufiq Reza
In this study, the extraction of representative rare earth elements from both light rare earth elements (LREE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE) groups was evaluated. Praseodymium (Pr) and neodymium (Nd) were selected as representatives of LREE, while europium (Eu), dysprosium (Dy), and erbium (Er) represented HREE. The extraction process was carried out using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) composed of stearic acid as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and menthol, thymol, tetraoctylammonium bromide, and trioctylphosphine oxide as the hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs). The hydrophobicity, solid-liquid equilibria (SLE), σ-surface, σ-profile and chemical bonding of the solvents were studied using Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS). The analysis of the σ-surfaces and σ-potentials revealed that the HDES are predominantly composed of nonpolar regions, accompanied by smaller peaks corresponding to hydrogen bond donor and acceptor sites. Prepared HDES exhibit density ranging from 861 to 903 kg/m3 and viscosities ranging from 0.35 to 0.34 Pa.s. Finally, the study investigated the impact of hydrophobicity on the REEs extraction performance and discussed the removal mechanisms in all the different solvents. The effect of the lanthanide contradiction was also investigated. Among the various HDES developed, TOPO:stearic acid (x1 = 0.59) exhibited the best extraction efficiency with an overall removal of 72.23 ± 1.29% from 0.01 M REEs solution.
{"title":"Systematic evaluation of stearic acid -based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents on the extraction of selected light and heavy rare earth elements from water","authors":"Laura Fronchetti Guidugli, Toufiq Reza","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the extraction of representative rare earth elements from both light rare earth elements (LREE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE) groups was evaluated. Praseodymium (Pr) and neodymium (Nd) were selected as representatives of LREE, while europium (Eu), dysprosium (Dy), and erbium (Er) represented HREE. The extraction process was carried out using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) composed of stearic acid as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and menthol, thymol, tetraoctylammonium bromide, and trioctylphosphine oxide as the hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs). The hydrophobicity, solid-liquid equilibria (SLE), σ-surface, σ-profile and chemical bonding of the solvents were studied using Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS). The analysis of the σ-surfaces and σ-potentials revealed that the HDES are predominantly composed of nonpolar regions, accompanied by smaller peaks corresponding to hydrogen bond donor and acceptor sites. Prepared HDES exhibit density ranging from 861 to 903 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and viscosities ranging from 0.35 to 0.34 Pa.s. Finally, the study investigated the impact of hydrophobicity on the REEs extraction performance and discussed the removal mechanisms in all the different solvents. The effect of the lanthanide contradiction was also investigated. Among the various HDES developed, TOPO:stearic acid (x<sub>1</sub> = 0.59) exhibited the best extraction efficiency with an overall removal of 72.23 ± 1.29% from 0.01 M REEs solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The outstanding characteristics of ionic liquids (ILs), combined with the mechanical stability of polymeric systems, give rise to a novel class of materials known as polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with transformative potential applications. The study aimed to investigate the influence of asymmetric acidic anions on the ionic conductivity of monomeric ionic liquid MILs and PILs. Therefore, an anion exchange reaction was carried out on 1-hydroxyethyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride [EtOHVIM]Cl, resulting in the formation of 1-hydroxyethyl-3-vinylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [EtOHVIM][HSO4]. Since a previous investigations highlighted the intriguing characteristics of dihydrogen phosphate anion, an additional anion exchange reaction was performed on Poly(1-hydroxyethyl-3-vinylimidazolium) chloride [P-EtOHVIM]Cl, which gave rise to the formation of Poly(1-hydroxyethyl-3-vinylimidazolium) dihydrogen phosphate [P-EtOHVIM][H2PO4], resulting in the formation of Poly (1-hydroxyethyl-3-vinylimidazolium) dihydrogen phosphate [P-EtOHVIM][H2PO4]. The molecular structures were confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Infrared (ATR/FTIR) spectroscopy. The obtained ionic liquids were analysed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG). The findings revealed that these compounds have intriguing thermal properties, including a low glass transition temperature and good thermal stability. Furthermore, Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) analysis and thermal characterisations were combined to unravel the interplay between charge transport and glassy dynamics.
{"title":"High ionic conductivity for ionic and poly ionic liquids based on 1-(hydroxyethyl)-3-vinylimidazolium cation: Asymmetric acidic anion contribution of hydrogen sulfate and dihydrogen phosphate","authors":"Hadjer Guettaf , Yassine Chaker , El Habib Belarbi , Mansour Debdab , Taqiyeddine Moumene , Abdelkader Benabdellah , Serge Bresson","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The outstanding characteristics of ionic liquids (ILs), combined with the mechanical stability of polymeric systems, give rise to a novel class of materials known as polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with transformative potential applications. The study aimed to investigate the influence of asymmetric acidic anions on the ionic conductivity of monomeric ionic liquid MILs and PILs. Therefore, an anion exchange reaction was carried out on 1-hydroxyethyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride [EtOHVIM]Cl, resulting in the formation of 1-hydroxyethyl-3-vinylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [EtOHVIM][HSO<sub>4</sub>]. Since a previous investigations highlighted the intriguing characteristics of dihydrogen phosphate anion, an additional anion exchange reaction was performed on Poly(1-hydroxyethyl-3-vinylimidazolium) chloride [P-EtOHVIM]Cl, which gave rise to the formation of Poly(1-hydroxyethyl-3-vinylimidazolium) dihydrogen phosphate [P-EtOHVIM][H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>], resulting in the formation of Poly (1-hydroxyethyl-3-vinylimidazolium) dihydrogen phosphate [P-EtOHVIM][H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>]. The molecular structures were confirmed using <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and Infrared (ATR/FTIR) spectroscopy. The obtained ionic liquids were analysed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG). The findings revealed that these compounds have intriguing thermal properties, including a low glass transition temperature and good thermal stability. Furthermore, Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) analysis and thermal characterisations were combined to unravel the interplay between charge transport and glassy dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100174
Blake C. Stewart , Mary Mederos , Shiraz Mujahid , Dawn Van Iderstine , Jennifer E. Edmunson , Jeffrey J. Mehan , Kagen R. Crawford , Paul E. Hintze , Christopher R. Henry , Eric T. Fox , Jennifer M. Jones , Curtis W. Hill , Steven Burlingame , Morgan B. Abney , Hongjoo Rhee
With the anticipated manned missions and future long-term habitation of the Martian surface, in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) methods remain critical to provide raw materials and subsequent manufacturing of tools, replacement components, electronics, and more. Due to the overwhelming costs and flight time associated with launching supplies to extraterrestrial bodies, the sustainability of these astronaut colonies will rely on readily available feedstocks and energy-efficient production methods on the surface. The Martian environment contains numerous elements, mostly in the form of compounds within the regolith and local atmosphere, that could be used for producing metallic components. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been demonstrated as a low-temperature regolith and meteorite metal harvesting system by NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Additionally, the Bosch process has shown success as an oxygen (O2) generation system possessing theoretical 100 % hydrogen (H2) recovery, producing a solid carbon (C) byproduct. Studies on the use of IL-metals and Bosch C in ferrous castings have been conducted in recent years with immense success. This study further investigates an alloy composition based on IL harvested iron (IL-Fe) and Bosch C to produce a novel IL-steel alloy for additive manufacturing (AM) by combining the products of IL’s and Bosch C into a printable steel composition. The IL-steel powder was produced using commercially available elements and the addition of Bosch C from the rotary kiln C-formation reactor (C-FR) at MSFC’s Environmental Controls and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) branch. Raw materials were alloyed into steel ingots and atomized to a targeted powder size distribution of 15-45 μm. A series of progressively refined build parameters (laser power and exposure time) were used to produce cubic samples that were investigated to determine baseline laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) settings for printing with IL-steel. Bulk density was used as the initial filtering mechanisms, with Vickers microhardness and microstructural investigations being conducted on the final matrix of samples. Moving forward, IL and Bosch C production will need further refinement to limit elements that could negatively affect printed products, and production volumes will need to be increased beyond laboratory scales. Future investigations with IL-Steel will require characterization of the powder’s flowability, laser interaction, and printability in reduced gravity and extraterrestrial atmospheric conditions. Additionally, further mechanical characterization, i.e. tension, fatigue, etc., will be required to determine the potential use cases of IL-Steel on Mars and solidify its applicability. The results indicated that the alloying of IL-Fe and Bosch C to create an IL-steel could serve as a viable means of producing a multitude of components and tools, such as rebar for concrete reinforcement, replacement gears, hand
{"title":"Parametric study of Martian regolith steel using ionic liquids iron and Bosch byproduct carbon for laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Blake C. Stewart , Mary Mederos , Shiraz Mujahid , Dawn Van Iderstine , Jennifer E. Edmunson , Jeffrey J. Mehan , Kagen R. Crawford , Paul E. Hintze , Christopher R. Henry , Eric T. Fox , Jennifer M. Jones , Curtis W. Hill , Steven Burlingame , Morgan B. Abney , Hongjoo Rhee","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the anticipated manned missions and future long-term habitation of the Martian surface, <em>in-situ</em> resource utilization (ISRU) methods remain critical to provide raw materials and subsequent manufacturing of tools, replacement components, electronics, and more. Due to the overwhelming costs and flight time associated with launching supplies to extraterrestrial bodies, the sustainability of these astronaut colonies will rely on readily available feedstocks and energy-efficient production methods on the surface. The Martian environment contains numerous elements, mostly in the form of compounds within the regolith and local atmosphere, that could be used for producing metallic components. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been demonstrated as a low-temperature regolith and meteorite metal harvesting system by NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Additionally, the Bosch process has shown success as an oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) generation system possessing theoretical 100 % hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) recovery, producing a solid carbon (C) byproduct. Studies on the use of IL-metals and Bosch C in ferrous castings have been conducted in recent years with immense success. This study further investigates an alloy composition based on IL harvested iron (IL-Fe) and Bosch C to produce a novel IL-steel alloy for additive manufacturing (AM) by combining the products of IL’s and Bosch C into a printable steel composition. The IL-steel powder was produced using commercially available elements and the addition of Bosch C from the rotary kiln C-formation reactor (C-FR) at MSFC’s Environmental Controls and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) branch. Raw materials were alloyed into steel ingots and atomized to a targeted powder size distribution of 15-45 μm. A series of progressively refined build parameters (laser power and exposure time) were used to produce cubic samples that were investigated to determine baseline laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) settings for printing with IL-steel. Bulk density was used as the initial filtering mechanisms, with Vickers microhardness and microstructural investigations being conducted on the final matrix of samples. Moving forward, IL and Bosch C production will need further refinement to limit elements that could negatively affect printed products, and production volumes will need to be increased beyond laboratory scales. Future investigations with IL-Steel will require characterization of the powder’s flowability, laser interaction, and printability in reduced gravity and extraterrestrial atmospheric conditions. Additionally, further mechanical characterization, i.e. tension, fatigue, etc., will be required to determine the potential use cases of IL-Steel on Mars and solidify its applicability. The results indicated that the alloying of IL-Fe and Bosch C to create an IL-steel could serve as a viable means of producing a multitude of components and tools, such as rebar for concrete reinforcement, replacement gears, hand ","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100173
Khan Rajib Hossain , Xinle Yao , M. Abdul Jalil , Xiaolong Wang
Biomimetic surfaces, inspired by nature, are gaining popularity due to their promising technological applications. Traditional microfabrication techniques face difficulties due to the intricacy of hexagonal microstructures. We successfully developed a bioinspired surface pattern resembling cat paws using innovative 3D laser lithography. Our composite material, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, inspired by the natural architecture of cat paws with their passive capability for biomechanical damping, enables increased dissipation and tribological performance. The iongel surface shows shape memory, resistance to creep properties, stiffness controllability, and self-lubricating behavior under dynamic loading conditions. Mechanical testing demonstrates reduced hysteresis behavior and an increase in energy absorption on PU surfaces with an average friction reduction of ∼9.8 % ± 1.2 %, using the same test conditions (n=3). We clarify the multiscale deformation mechanisms using an in-depth investigation, including finite element simulations. These methods greatly improve the material's tribological performance and show that hydrogel-like networks of fibers and membranes hold the matrix together. These composite materials have great potential for use in sports safety equipment and various engineering domains because of their flexible and soft hexagonal network structure, representing cat paws.
{"title":"Hexagonal network cat paw-inspired iongel composites improve tribological properties","authors":"Khan Rajib Hossain , Xinle Yao , M. Abdul Jalil , Xiaolong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomimetic surfaces, inspired by nature, are gaining popularity due to their promising technological applications. Traditional microfabrication techniques face difficulties due to the intricacy of hexagonal microstructures. We successfully developed a bioinspired surface pattern resembling cat paws using innovative 3D laser lithography. Our composite material, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, inspired by the natural architecture of cat paws with their passive capability for biomechanical damping, enables increased dissipation and tribological performance. The iongel surface shows shape memory, resistance to creep properties, stiffness controllability, and self-lubricating behavior under dynamic loading conditions. Mechanical testing demonstrates reduced hysteresis behavior and an increase in energy absorption on PU surfaces with an average friction reduction of ∼9.8 % ± 1.2 %, using the same test conditions (n=3). We clarify the multiscale deformation mechanisms using an in-depth investigation, including finite element simulations. These methods greatly improve the material's tribological performance and show that hydrogel-like networks of fibers and membranes hold the matrix together. These composite materials have great potential for use in sports safety equipment and various engineering domains because of their flexible and soft hexagonal network structure, representing cat paws.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100172
Mumtahina Mim , Khairul Habib , Sazratul Nayeem Farabi , Md Abu Zaed , R. Saidur
Ionic liquids are gaining attention for their potential in thermal energy storage due to their unique properties e.g. thermal and chemical stability, tunability, low volatility, and environmental friendliness. Ionic liquid-based nanocomposites have been a popular choice for batteries and supercapacitors and have been utilized as heat transfer fluids; however, no studies have been done with these nanomaterials in light-to-thermal energy applications. This research developed a novel binary imidazolium ionic liquid-based WO3/MgO nanocomposite and further studied its suitability in light-to-thermal energy conversion systems. The nanocomposite was integrated into 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, and 0.6 wt% concentrations with RT-54 to evaluate the thermophysical properties of the PCMs. A massive rise in optical absorptivity (233.33%) and enhanced thermal conductivity (20.81%) has been achieved. At the same time, the system exhibits thermal stability and excellent thermal reliability, where 0.6 wt% had the most thermal reliability and 0.4 wt% had the highest storage enhancements. With the proven well-rounded properties in our study, this genre of new materials will open new doors for future research in energy storage devices.
{"title":"Evaluation of novel binary imidazolium ionic liquid-based WO3/MgO nanocomposite for light-to-thermal energy conversion and storage- a preliminary study","authors":"Mumtahina Mim , Khairul Habib , Sazratul Nayeem Farabi , Md Abu Zaed , R. Saidur","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionic liquids are gaining attention for their potential in thermal energy storage due to their unique properties e.g. thermal and chemical stability, tunability, low volatility, and environmental friendliness. Ionic liquid-based nanocomposites have been a popular choice for batteries and supercapacitors and have been utilized as heat transfer fluids; however, no studies have been done with these nanomaterials in light-to-thermal energy applications. This research developed a novel binary imidazolium ionic liquid-based WO<sub>3</sub>/MgO nanocomposite and further studied its suitability in light-to-thermal energy conversion systems. The nanocomposite was integrated into 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, and 0.6 wt% concentrations with RT-54 to evaluate the thermophysical properties of the PCMs. A massive rise in optical absorptivity (233.33%) and enhanced thermal conductivity (20.81%) has been achieved. At the same time, the system exhibits thermal stability and excellent thermal reliability, where 0.6 wt% had the most thermal reliability and 0.4 wt% had the highest storage enhancements. With the proven well-rounded properties in our study, this genre of new materials will open new doors for future research in energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100169
Kaoru Nobuoka , Kensuke Sumi , Satoshi Kitaoka
Taking advantage of the excellent dissolution ability of ionic liquids, which can also dissolve DNA and hydrophobic compounds, we investigated the homogeneous asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction using DNA, a natural chiral source, and porphyrin copper(II) complexes as asymmetric catalysts in ionic liquid solutions. In [N4444][Gly], the reaction substrates were phase-separated, and the reaction mixture gelled or solidified at low temperatures, resulting in ineffective asymmetric catalysis. However, the reaction proceeded in a homogeneous system in 75 % [N1223][N(CN)2], which is not possible in water alone, and high yield, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity were obtained at -20 °C. The utilization of ionic liquids as solvents would not only enable homogeneous reactions, but also reactions at low temperatures, and would be a powerful tool for high stereoselectivity in DNA-organometallic-catalyzed asymmetric reactions.
{"title":"Homogeneous asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction using copper(II) porphyrin-DNA complexes as asymmetric catalysts in ionic liquid solutions","authors":"Kaoru Nobuoka , Kensuke Sumi , Satoshi Kitaoka","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taking advantage of the excellent dissolution ability of ionic liquids, which can also dissolve DNA and hydrophobic compounds, we investigated the homogeneous asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction using DNA, a natural chiral source, and porphyrin copper(II) complexes as asymmetric catalysts in ionic liquid solutions. In [N<sub>4444</sub>][Gly], the reaction substrates were phase-separated, and the reaction mixture gelled or solidified at low temperatures, resulting in ineffective asymmetric catalysis. However, the reaction proceeded in a homogeneous system in 75 % [N<sub>1223</sub>][N(CN)<sub>2</sub>], which is not possible in water alone, and high yield, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity were obtained at -20 °C. The utilization of ionic liquids as solvents would not only enable homogeneous reactions, but also reactions at low temperatures, and would be a powerful tool for high stereoselectivity in DNA-organometallic-catalyzed asymmetric reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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