Journal of Ionic Liquids最新文献

{"title":"On kinetics of leaching process and metals (Ni, Co) recovery from Ni-MH spent batteries using a deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride","authors":"Kiem Do Van ,&nbsp;Van Anh Tao Thi ,&nbsp;Jose Pons Herrera ,&nbsp;Tu Le Manh","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride have been demonstrated to be effective as a leaching agent by their capability of dissolving metal oxides. However, the low solubility and slow kinetics of the DESs hinder their application in the extraction of metals from different sources. In this paper, two approaches for the recovery of cobalt (Co) and nickel-cobalt (Ni-Co) alloys from Nickel–Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) spent batteries using the DES as a leaching agent have been studied. From Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) measurements, a faster approach to selectively extract cobalt from the eutectic mixture has been proven. Electrochemical behavior and electrodeposition of Ni and Co metals from the cathodic powder of spent Ni-MH batteries dissolved in the DES solution have also been performed by electrochemical techniques such as CV and chronoamperometry (CA). Results from electrochemical techniques have verified the extractability of Ni and Co from DES liquor. Voltametric traces also offered a simple way to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the concentration of metallic ions dissolved in the DES. By analyzing the potentiostatic current density transients recorded from the DES liquor, it was possible to explain the mechanisms and kinetics of formation of the recovered materials on the glassy carbon electrode surface using a model composed of a 3D nucleation and diffusion-controlled growth of bimetallic nuclei on the growing surfaces. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), after the potentiostatic electrodeposition, showed evidence of the formation of Ni and Co nuclei distributed all over the substrate surface. Meanwhile, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the successful recovery of Co and Ni-Co alloys separately using electrochemical means.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From building blocks to innovations: a critical review of amino acid-based ionic liquids versus conventional ionic liquids","authors":"Monisha V,&nbsp;Revathi Raghunath ,&nbsp;Anisha Guha ,&nbsp;Sunaina Sunil,&nbsp;Harshana Gurumoorthy,&nbsp;Sunita Rajamani","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing environmental concerns, numerous studies on the synthesis and application of ionic liquids (ILs) have been carried out. Researchers have investigated a trend in the development of ILs from natural renewable resources such as amino acids, also called amino acids-based ILs (AAILs). Unlike hazardous chemical solvents, AAILs are considered to obey the principles of green chemistry. This review compares the applications of AAILs with conventional ILs and covers the critical aspects. The first objective is to present an in-depth analysis of distinct synthetic methodologies tailored for the development of AAILs. The advantages and disadvantages of the various synthetic approaches are detailed. The second objective of this minireview also focuses on the ecotoxicity data and biodegradation data. The third objective of this minireview is to list AAILs for the extraction of metal ions, and AAILs as catalysts or solvents in organic transformation reactions in the recent five years. The last objective includes AAILs as anti-corrosion inhibitors, which is a useful aspect when the applications of AAILs are upscaled. All these objectives are compared with the conventional ILs where possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying green innovation: A bibliometric analysis of deep eutectic solvents and applications as eco-friendly solvents","authors":"Muhammad Nawaz ,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan ,&nbsp;Khadija Zahra ,&nbsp;Humbul Suleman ,&nbsp;Mohamad Azmi Bustam ,&nbsp;Abdulhalim Shah Maulud","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a promising class of green solvents, with various advantages over traditional organic solvents and ionic liquids. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends and developments in applying DES as eco-friendly solvents. Using data from the Web of Science database, 2,262 research articles were analyzed from 2009 to 2023. The analysis reveals a significant increase in DES-related publications, growing from fewer than 20 articles per year in 2011 to more than 500 articles annually by 2023, reflecting the rising interest in this green chemistry field. Geographical and institutional distribution was assessed using a novel performance metric, the Research Impact Score (RIS), which integrated total publications, citations, citations per publication, and h-index. China is the leading contributor, with 863 publications and 28,944 citations with RIS of 0.86. Mjalli, Farouq S., from Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, leads in total publications (38) and total citations (3,166) with an outstanding RIS of 0.91. Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, emerges as the most balanced and impactful institution with a high publication output (49), the highest total citations (3,741), and a leading RIS of 0.98. \"Journal of Molecular Liquids\" emerged as the most active publishing source related to DES research, with 205 articles. Moreover, DESs demonstrated superior extraction efficiency, particularly in bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids. These findings underscore the innovative potential of DESs in advancing sustainable chemical practices and providing valuable insights into future research directions, aiming to further develop and apply DESs across various scientific and industrial fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting poor solubility of docetaxel: Computational screening of ionic liquids using COSMO-RS","authors":"Najihah Mohd Noor ,&nbsp;Amal A.M. Elgharbawy ,&nbsp;Huma Warsi Khan ,&nbsp;Yumi Zuhanis Has-Yun Hashim ,&nbsp;Muhammad Moniruzzaman ,&nbsp;Mohd Firdaus Abd. Wahab ,&nbsp;Hamzah Mohd Salleh ,&nbsp;Siti Nur Idayu Matusin","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Docetaxel (DTX), a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in cancer treatment, has limited therapeutic efficacy owing to its poor oral absorption and low bioavailability. This study aims to improve DTX solubility by predicting its compatibility with ionic liquids (ILs) using conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) computational modelling. A library of 340 ILs comprising 17 cations and 20 anions was screened for their potential to dissolve DTX, with a particular focus on imidazolium-based ILs that enhance its solubility and pertinence to cytotoxic applications. Computational analysis identifies ILs containing cations such as 1-methylimidazolium [MIM] and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium [DMIM] and anions such as [CH₃COO^–], [Br^–], and [Cl^–], which have high solubility potential for DTX. Parameters such as the activity coefficient, solubility, capacity, selectivity, and performance index were evaluated. The <span><math><mi>σ</mi></math></span>-profile of DTX shows a predominantly nonpolar surface with limited hydrogen bond acceptor regions, indicating that its solubility in ILs is primarily driven by nonpolar (dispersion) interactions, with minor contributions from hydrogen bonding. Although these findings identify several promising IL candidates for improving the solubility of DTX, experimental validation is essential to confirm these computational predictions and assess the suitability of selected ILs in pharmaceutical formulations. This study demonstrates the value of COSMO-RS as a predictive tool for pharmaceutical formulation design and provides a pathway to enhance drug delivery for chemotherapeutics with poor solubility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative spectroscopic and computational insight on the interaction of short and long chain pyrrolidinium based ionic liquids with bovine serum albumin","authors":"Aashima Anand,&nbsp;Juhi Saraswat,&nbsp;Rajan Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model transport protein, is shown to interact with two pyrrolidinium based ionic liquids (ILs), namely, 1-hexyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium bromide <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><mtext>Pyr</mtext><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>6</mn></msub></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow><mi>B</mi><msup><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math></span>and 1-dodecyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium bromide <span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><mtext>Pyr</mtext><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>12</mn></msub></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow><mi>B</mi><msup><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math></span>. The various spectroscopic techniques explored in the analysis are UV–visible spectroscopy, steady state fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, 3-Dimensional emission spectroscopy, time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, steady state fluorescence anisotropy, site marker experiment, circular dichroism, along with molecular docking as the computational investigative studies. The results from UV–vis spectroscopy suggest the presence of static quenching in case of both the ILs with BSA which was further confirmed by fluorescence as well as time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic results. Moreover, UV–vis spectroscopic studies were used for calculating the binding constants (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mrow><mo>)</mo><mspace></mspace></mrow></mrow></math></span> at 298 K and 308 K for BSA’s interaction with both ILs. The thermodynamic parameters, such as <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span>, were calculated using <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. Also, Stern Volmer constants <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>sv</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> for both the ILs were calculated. The higher value of the binding constant was observed when BSA interacted with the long alkyl-chained IL. CD spectroscopy results suggested the stabilization of the secondary structures in presence of both the ILs but more enhanced in case of the long chain IL. The site marker experiment indicated towards the involvement of Site I in the interaction of both the ILs with BSA. This was supported by molecular docking, where a higher value of binding energy was obtained for BSA- <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><mtext>Pyr</mtext><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>12</mn></msub></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow><mi>B</mi><msup><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math></span> interaction. Overall, the study could provide structural insights into future studies on using ILs as therapeutic agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermophysical properties of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate + water binary mixtures between 283 and 343K: A feasible fluid for absorption refrigeration","authors":"Xavier Paredes ,&nbsp;M.Soledade C.S. Santos ,&nbsp;Luís C.S. Nobre ,&nbsp;Miguel V.R. Silva ,&nbsp;Ana R.P. Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Carla S.G.P. Queirós ,&nbsp;Carlos Nieto de Castro ,&nbsp;Fernando J.V. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Absorption-refrigeration cycles have been used for more than a century, and the most frequent refrigerant-absorbent working pairs are H₂O-LiBr and NH₃-H₂O. The high coefficient of performance (COP) and affordability of these fluids still justifies their use, despite major drawbacks like the corrosion and crystallization risks, as well as limitations in terms of operating temperature and pressure for H₂O-LiBr solutions, NH₃ flammability and toxicity and use under high pressure, corrosiveness and alkalinity of its aqueous solutions, and the need of distillation solutions for NH₃-H₂O separation. Societal demands to reduce the environmental and health impact of chemicals used in industry, has led to the search for new systems for industrial applications. Recently, ILs emerged as absorbent candidates for absorption systems, due to their thermal stability, very low vapour pressure, and solvent capacity, which adds the possible use of their aqueous mixtures with low viscosity and toxicity, and significant COP values, making them excellent alternatives for new working absorbing pairs. From several ionic liquids proposed, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate, [C₂mim] [EtSO₄], is a good candidate, namely mixed with water. This low-toxicity ionic liquid was chosen to screen the reliability of available data on aqueous mixtures for the estimate of coefficient of performance (COP), targeting a potential application in absorption refrigeration cycles (ARC). The aqueous-rich mixtures (<em>x</em>_IL &lt; 0.1) present solution viscosities compatible with pumping devices used nowadays in refrigeration systems, and ensure enhanced wetting, affording improved heat transfer by conduction.</div><div>Several mixtures of pure ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([C₂mim] [EtSO₄]) with water were studied over the whole composition range, between 283.15 K and 343.15 K, at 0.1 MPa. Density, speed of sound, refractive index, viscosity, surface tension, and electrical conductivity were measured experimentally and compared with literature data. The experimental results are consistent with the evolvement of solution molecular structure with increasing water content previously predicted by MD simulations, evidencing a remarkable agreement of the notable transition points, and supporting previous studies in this laboratory with other ionic liquid aqueous systems, namely [C₂mim] [CH₃SO₃] and [C₂mim] [N(CN)₂].</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic liquid catalysis in synthesizing pyrazoles and triazoles: Advancing efficiency and sustainability","authors":"Minakshi Minakshi ,&nbsp;Vaishali Vaishali ,&nbsp;Nisha Sharma ,&nbsp;Rashmi Pundeer","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionic liquids (ILs), also known as designer solvents, have emerged as highly significant in various areas of chemistry due to their unique properties, including low volatility, high thermal stability, and excellent solubility for a wide range of substances. These characteristics make ILs exceptional solvents and catalysts in organic synthesis, enhancing reaction rates, yields, and selectivity. This review focuses on the synthesis of pyrazoles and triazoles using ILs as catalysts, highlighting their advantages over traditional methods. ILs' ability to stabilize reactive intermediates, customize solvent properties, and operate under milder conditions contributes to greener and more sustainable chemical processes. We explore recent advancements in the synthesis of pyrazoles and triazoles, emphasizing the role of various IL types—ranging from neutral and acidic to basic and functionalized ILs—in improving reaction efficiency and environmental impact. Additionally, we discuss the broader applications of ILs in organic reactions, biological processes, and environmental protection. The review concludes with an overview of the current state of IL-catalyzed synthesis, demonstrating the benefits of ILs in facilitating efficient, safe, and sustainable chemical transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced stability and optical performance of MAPbI3 perovskite films through B4PBF4 ionic liquid integration: A route to durable photovoltaics","authors":"Edgar González-Juárez ,&nbsp;Ana I. Santiago-Mustafat ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Amado-Briseño ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Acuña-Leal ,&nbsp;Eduardo M. Sánchez-Cervantes ,&nbsp;Arián Espinosa- Roa","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ionic liquid (B₄PBF₄) was synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic techniques, incorporating it in different proportions (0.25, 0.5, and 1.5 % w/w) into thin perovskite films. The results show that 1.5 % concentration significantly improves the optical properties by minimizing trap states and preventing charge recombination. XPS analysis indicates a strong interaction between the ionic liquid and lead halides at this proportion. Additionally, photovoltaic devices fabricated with this percentage achieved higher efficiency. In terms of stability, the 1.5 % also prevented water absorption on the surface, delaying film degradation up to 500 h.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel desulfurization using ionic liquids –An updated review","authors":"Abdurrashid Haruna ,&nbsp;Zulkifli Merican Aljunid Merican ,&nbsp;Ali Khatib Juma ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Sani Aliero ,&nbsp;Bernard Chukwuemeka Ekeoma ,&nbsp;Mustapha Abdullahi ,&nbsp;Madina Imam ,&nbsp;Safiya Abdulsalam ,&nbsp;Sa’adatu Auwal Hamza","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental and human safety has become an important subject of research interest in petroleum chemistry and environmental catalysis. The presence of sulfur-containing compounds in fuel oil is an overwhelming problem in the petrochemical industries due to regulations for environmental protection. The emitted toxic gases from the combustion of fossil fuels result in air contamination that can damage the human respiratory system, cause acid rain, and negatively affect refinery equipment. Therefore, fuel desulfurization becomes necessary to remove sulfur and its derivatives from fuel oil. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been identified as good candidates for many industrial applications. They are widely known for their potential as designer solvents due to fascinating properties such as low volatility, high tunability, and high thermal stability. However, their general environmental impact varies significantly depending on their specific chemical compositions with some ILs exhibiting toxicity or poor biodegradability. The present study comprehensively reviews the recent achievements and applications of ILs in fuel oil desulfurization, addressing the mechanisms of the conversion process. The practicality and reusability of ILs for fuel oil desulfurization have been reported, and finally, the conclusion and future research prospects in this exciting area have been suggested. This review is anticipated to provide insights into fuel refinement and purification technologies through the sustainable application of ILs for clean fuel generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, pyrolysis and thermokinetic studies of an energetic ionic liquid: 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate","authors":"Santhosh G ,&nbsp;Supriya N ,&nbsp;Vijayalakshmi K. P ,&nbsp;Deepthi Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energetic ionic liquids (EILs) are continuously being explored in the field of energetic materials and are attractive candidates for use in explosives and propellants. A promising energetic ionic liquid viz., 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate (AMTN) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, elemental, TG, LC-MS and ESI-MS analyses. The thermal decomposition of AMTN was studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under variable heating rates from 5 to 20 °C/min. The TG data of AMTN showed a single stage decomposition in the temperature range of 180–260 °C. Pyrolysis GC–MS studies were undertaken at 300 °C and the major decomposition fragments were identified as nitrous oxide (N₂O), aziridine 1-amine, 1,2,3-triazine and 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole and a mechanism was evolved. The activation energy (E_a) for the thermal decomposition of AMTN was evaluated using Kissinger method and is found to be 126.6 ± 14.1 kJ/mol. Kinetic analyses using isoconversional method of Vyazovkin, showed a strong dependence of E_a on fractional conversion (α).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}