A series of nine N1-(4-substitutedbenzyl/butyl)-2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazoles (3a-i) and their N1-(4-substitutedbenzyl)/Butyl-2-methyl-4-nitro-3-imidazolium (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylates (IMS-19, 21-27) were screened for their anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity in different concentrations (20, 40, 80, 200 & 400 μg/mL). The Diclofenac sodium and Acarbose were used as standard drugs for anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities respectively. The 4-nitro-1H-imidazoles (3a-i) and their protic imidazolium salts with (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate as an organic anion (IMS-19, 21-27) are showed very good to remarkable anti-inflammatory and good to excellent anti-diabetic activities compared to their corresponding standard drug.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity of N1-(4-substitutedbenzyl)/Butyl-2-methyl-4-nitro-3-imidazolium (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylates","authors":"Dhurairaj Satheesh , Annamalai Rajendran , Chandrasekran Geetha , Krishnan Parthipan , Ayyandurai Thirunavukkarasu , Karunanithi Suganya","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of nine <em>N<sup>1</sup></em>-(4-substitutedbenzyl/butyl)-2-methyl-4-nitro-1<em>H</em>-imidazoles (<strong>3a-i</strong>) and their <em>N</em><sup>1</sup>-(4-substitutedbenzyl)/Butyl-2-methyl-4-nitro-3-imidazolium (<em>E</em>)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylates (<strong>IMS-19, 21-27</strong>) were screened for their anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity in different concentrations (<strong>20, 40, 80, 200 & 400 μg/mL</strong>). The <em>Diclofenac sodium</em> and <em>Acarbose</em> were used as standard drugs for anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities respectively. The 4-nitro-1<em>H</em>-imidazoles <strong>(3a-i)</strong> and their protic imidazolium salts with (<em>E</em>)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate as an organic anion (<strong>IMS-19, 21-27</strong>) are showed very good to remarkable anti-inflammatory and good to excellent anti-diabetic activities compared to their corresponding standard drug.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100156
David King , Yan P. Arnaiz , Hari D. Mandal , Haesook Han , Pradip K. Bhowmik
Liquid fluorescent ILs (LFILs) are rare materials that exhibit strong photoluminescent properties in the pure liquid state without the need for a solvent. While ILs are known for their optical properties in solution, fluorescence in the pure liquid state is typically weak or absent due to quenching phenomena. LFILs are extremely scarce in the literature, and only a few have been reported with absolute quantum yield (AQY) values to assess their fluorescence efficiency in the pure liquid state. A series of phosphonium ILs (PILs), containing fluorescent 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonate (DNS-) and 9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS-), were synthesized as potential soft photoluminescent materials in solution and neat liquid state in very good to excellent yields. Additionally, mono and diphosphonium chloride ILs were prepared via an improved workup process to afford ILs with high purity (>99 %) compared to traditional methods. All fluorescent PILs possessed high thermal stabilities (Td = 332–383 °C) as determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms for the PILs-DNS and PILs-AQS revealed that all of them were ILs, with most being RTILs and the triphenylphosphonium containing PILs existing as glassy ILs (Tg = 21.13 and 30.13 °C) at room temperature. Their photoluminescent properties in the solution state were studied in various organic solvents, with the PILs-DNS possessing AQY values upwards of 0.95 in solution and [P666,10]DNS exhibited an impressively high AQY of 0.35 in the liquid state. The PILs-AQS did not possess strong photoluminescent properties in solution and no fluorescence in the liquid or glassy state. The PILs-DNS and PILs-AQS demonstrated excellent photostability, exhibiting no significant photobleaching. Study of these novel PILs containing anionic fluorophores is necessary to contribute towards the scarcity of LFILs and offer prospects in a wide range of fields, including chemical/physical sensing, optoelectronics, and biological imaging.
{"title":"Design and synthesis of phosphonium ionic liquids exhibiting strong fluorescence in various solvents and liquid or glassy state","authors":"David King , Yan P. Arnaiz , Hari D. Mandal , Haesook Han , Pradip K. Bhowmik","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid fluorescent ILs (LFILs) are rare materials that exhibit strong photoluminescent properties in the pure liquid state without the need for a solvent. While ILs are known for their optical properties in solution, fluorescence in the pure liquid state is typically weak or absent due to quenching phenomena. LFILs are extremely scarce in the literature, and only a few have been reported with absolute quantum yield (AQY) values to assess their fluorescence efficiency in the pure liquid state. A series of phosphonium ILs (PILs), containing fluorescent 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonate (DNS<sup>-</sup>) and 9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS<sup>-</sup>), were synthesized as potential soft photoluminescent materials in solution and neat liquid state in very good to excellent yields. Additionally, mono and diphosphonium chloride ILs were prepared via an improved workup process to afford ILs with high purity (>99 %) compared to traditional methods. All fluorescent PILs possessed high thermal stabilities (<em>T</em><sub>d</sub> = 332–383 °C) as determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms for the PILs-DNS and PILs-AQS revealed that all of them were ILs, with most being RTILs and the triphenylphosphonium containing PILs existing as glassy ILs (<em>T</em><sub>g</sub> = 21.13 and 30.13 °C) at room temperature. Their photoluminescent properties in the solution state were studied in various organic solvents, with the PILs-DNS possessing AQY values upwards of 0.95 in solution and [P<sub>666,10</sub>]DNS exhibited an impressively high AQY of 0.35 in the liquid state. The PILs-AQS did not possess strong photoluminescent properties in solution and no fluorescence in the liquid or glassy state. The PILs-DNS and PILs-AQS demonstrated excellent photostability, exhibiting no significant photobleaching. Study of these novel PILs containing anionic fluorophores is necessary to contribute towards the scarcity of LFILs and offer prospects in a wide range of fields, including chemical/physical sensing, optoelectronics, and biological imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100149
Taofiq Abdulraheem, Amanda L. Patrick
As the synthesis of diverse ionic liquids (ILs) proliferates and as (proposed) applications increase, there is growing concern about the possibility of finding IL components and degradation products in the environment, possibly as persistent and/or hazardous contaminants. Understanding IL stability and understanding what decomposition products arise when ILs do degrade will help us better understand potential environmental threats. While stability raises concern in terms of persistent environmental pollution, it is also one of the major strengths of ILs toward their many applications. From understanding degradation mechanisms that could be at play during use under extreme conditions to understanding the products that may form during incomplete incineration, a molecular-level understanding of IL thermal transformations is also desirable beyond the environmental concern. Ideally, such a molecular-level understanding could eventually lead to better predictions of thermal stability as a function of structure prior to synthesis and experimental characterization. In this work, the pyrolysis products of nine ILs, each with the chloride anion and various N-heterocyclic cations, were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and these results were compared to the unimolecular gas-phase dissociation behavior of the respective isolated cations. By comparing these two experimental approaches, differences between unimolecular decomposition pathways and bimolecular decomposition or transformation pathways could be explored. Further, these comparisons shed light on whether gas-phase dissociation of the isolated cation, which is a very straightforward experiment, could be used to provide any insights into bulk pyrolysis pathways. Overall trends, class-based trends, and behaviors specific to only certain species are identified and discussed. This work provides new molecular insights into the pyrolysis of ILs by studying an array of cations, including those with functionalized R-groups, and by integrating results from bulk pyrolysis with those from collision-induced dissociation of the isolated cation.
{"title":"Decomposition of ionic liquids with chloride anions: A combined study of the gas-phase dissociation of the isolated cations and pyrolysis of the bulk","authors":"Taofiq Abdulraheem, Amanda L. Patrick","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the synthesis of diverse ionic liquids (ILs) proliferates and as (proposed) applications increase, there is growing concern about the possibility of finding IL components and degradation products in the environment, possibly as persistent and/or hazardous contaminants. Understanding IL stability and understanding what decomposition products arise when ILs do degrade will help us better understand potential environmental threats. While stability raises concern in terms of persistent environmental pollution, it is also one of the major strengths of ILs toward their many applications. From understanding degradation mechanisms that could be at play during use under extreme conditions to understanding the products that may form during incomplete incineration, a molecular-level understanding of IL thermal transformations is also desirable beyond the environmental concern. Ideally, such a molecular-level understanding could eventually lead to better predictions of thermal stability as a function of structure prior to synthesis and experimental characterization. In this work, the pyrolysis products of nine ILs, each with the chloride anion and various N-heterocyclic cations, were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and these results were compared to the unimolecular gas-phase dissociation behavior of the respective isolated cations. By comparing these two experimental approaches, differences between unimolecular decomposition pathways and bimolecular decomposition or transformation pathways could be explored. Further, these comparisons shed light on whether gas-phase dissociation of the isolated cation, which is a very straightforward experiment, could be used to provide any insights into bulk pyrolysis pathways. Overall trends, class-based trends, and behaviors specific to only certain species are identified and discussed. This work provides new molecular insights into the pyrolysis of ILs by studying an array of cations, including those with functionalized R-groups, and by integrating results from bulk pyrolysis with those from collision-induced dissociation of the isolated cation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1,3-benzodioxole is one prominent biological active moiety which is abundant in numerous natural products. In this work we have synthesized 1,3-benzodioxole based ionic liquids using the different fluorides and have evaluated their anti-bacterial properties on Gram negative (-) Escherichia coli and Gram positive (+) Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains were assessed. In this report we have reported the MIC (minimum inhibitor concentration) and ZOI (zone of inhibition) analysis of the different combinations and the best combination was the further used for the in-silico computational study for the interaction at the atomic level.
{"title":"Anti-Bacterial evaluation of 1,3-Benzodioxole derived imidazolium and pyridinium based ionic liquids","authors":"Sagar Panchal , Hitesh Sehrawat , Nisha Yadav , Shipra Chandra , Vivek Mishra , Neera Sharma , Ramesh Chandra","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2024.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2024.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>1,3-benzodioxole is one prominent biological active moiety which is abundant in numerous natural products. In this work we have synthesized 1,3-benzodioxole based ionic liquids using the different fluorides and have evaluated their anti-bacterial properties on Gram negative (-) <em>Escherichia coli</em> and Gram positive (+) <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> bacterial strains were assessed. In this report we have reported the MIC (minimum inhibitor concentration) and ZOI (zone of inhibition) analysis of the different combinations and the best combination was the further used for the <em>in-silico</em> computational study for the interaction at the atomic level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recycling of metals from end-of-life products requires an essential step of metal and alloy dissolution. Metal-based ionic liquids have the potential to be used for this purpose. However, scant work has been reported on oxidative dissolution of metal and alloys using metal-based ionic liquids. In this work, oxidative dissolution of four metals (Fe, Cu, Al and Ag) in pure metal-based ILs and aqueous IL is investigated. It is found that pure [Bmim][FeCl4] has no significant corrosion on steel. However, steel ball and copper can be dissolved into 20 % [Bmim][FeCl4] aqueous solution. Meanwhile, iron and copper powder can be quickly dissolved into [Bmim][CuCl3] and [Bmim][AgCl2] aqueous solution. Therefore, our results suggest that metal-based ionic liquid can be utilized to dissolve metal from mines using aqueous metal-based ionic liquid and then metal can be deposited from metal-rich aqueous metal-based ionic liquid water by removing water. By this method, high purified metal can be extracted from mines. In addition, with the increasing amount of electrical cars/buses, battery waste will be a big problem in the next 5–10 years. Our results manifest that a promising method for metal extraction from battery waste.
{"title":"Oxidative dissolution of metals in metal-based ionic liquids: Iron, copper, silver and aluminum","authors":"Yuchao Li , Yanxia Zheng , Huishuang Zhao , Qingshan Zhu , Yansong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling of metals from end-of-life products requires an essential step of metal and alloy dissolution. Metal-based ionic liquids have the potential to be used for this purpose. However, scant work has been reported on oxidative dissolution of metal and alloys using metal-based ionic liquids. In this work, oxidative dissolution of four metals (Fe, Cu, Al and Ag) in pure metal-based ILs and aqueous IL is investigated. It is found that pure [Bmim][FeCl<sub>4</sub>] has no significant corrosion on steel. However, steel ball and copper can be dissolved into 20 % [Bmim][FeCl<sub>4</sub>] aqueous solution. Meanwhile, iron and copper powder can be quickly dissolved into [Bmim][CuCl<sub>3</sub>] and [Bmim][AgCl<sub>2</sub>] aqueous solution. Therefore, our results suggest that metal-based ionic liquid can be utilized to dissolve metal from mines using aqueous metal-based ionic liquid and then metal can be deposited from metal-rich aqueous metal-based ionic liquid water by removing water. By this method, high purified metal can be extracted from mines. In addition, with the increasing amount of electrical cars/buses, battery waste will be a big problem in the next 5–10 years. Our results manifest that a promising method for metal extraction from battery waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100132
Tommy Hoong Wy Lee, Phei Li Lau, Ianatul Khoiroh
The rise in lithium battery use has triggered concerns regarding safety due to flammable liquid electrolytes. Ionic liquids (ILs) present an alternative, offering low volatility and high stability. This study explores novel choline-based ILs incorporated into a polymer matrix to synthesise ionic liquid gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). Structural confirmation via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy verified successful synthesis, while the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) revealed their promising thermal stability. GPEs demonstrated remarkable flammability resistance compared to commercial separators. Electrochemical assessments, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), showcased high ionic conductivities and electrochemical stability. Transference numbers and dendrite growth analysis further underscored their excellent performance. Specifically, GPEs comprising 70 % propionyl choline bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide within a polymer matrix, poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), exhibited exceptional conductivity and transference numbers, positioning them as strong candidates for safer and more efficient lithium-ion battery electrolytes.
{"title":"Bio-inspired novel choline ester ionic liquid gel polymer electrolytes for safer lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Tommy Hoong Wy Lee, Phei Li Lau, Ianatul Khoiroh","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise in lithium battery use has triggered concerns regarding safety due to flammable liquid electrolytes. Ionic liquids (ILs) present an alternative, offering low volatility and high stability. This study explores novel choline-based ILs incorporated into a polymer matrix to synthesise ionic liquid gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). Structural confirmation via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy verified successful synthesis, while the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) revealed their promising thermal stability. GPEs demonstrated remarkable flammability resistance compared to commercial separators. Electrochemical assessments, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), showcased high ionic conductivities and electrochemical stability. Transference numbers and dendrite growth analysis further underscored their excellent performance. Specifically, GPEs comprising 70 % propionyl choline bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide within a polymer matrix, poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), exhibited exceptional conductivity and transference numbers, positioning them as strong candidates for safer and more efficient lithium-ion battery electrolytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100154
AF Chávez-Almanza , CA Díaz-Quiroz , G Ulloa-Mercado , AA Verdugo-Fuentes , JF Hernández-Chávez , J López-Cervantes , CB Vega-Millán , P Gortáres-Moroyoqui , C García-Gómez , MS Álvarez-Álvarez , J Rojas-Padilla , FJ Rivera-Romero
Pathogenic biofilms pose a significant clinical challenge owing to their extreme antibiotic resistance. Multiple strategies, including ionic liquids (ILs), have been explored to inhibit or eradicate biofilms. Among them, choline and amino acid based ionic liquids are of interest due to their biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. This study assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of the ionic liquid cholinium alaninate against planktonic cultures and biofilms of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for planktonic cells using growth curve analysis. The inhibition and eradication of biofilm were assessed in microplates through stains to quantify total and viable cells. Treatments with different concentrations of ionic liquid were compared to controls. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and multiple comparison tests. A minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.3 % w/v cholinium alaninate was determined, with inhibition in the order E. coli <P. aeruginosa <S. aureus. For biofilms, a 0.9 % w/v treatment inhibited >95 % of biofilm growth. The sub-inhibitory treatment of 1.3 % w/v resulted in the removal of ≈92 % of biomass for all Gram-negative strains, while ≈85 % eradication was achieved for S. aureus. Approximately 3 % of Gram-negative bacteria and 5 % of S. aureus were metabolically active. Significant differences were observed for all treatments on biofilm (p < 0.05), with the greatest effects on Gram-negative bacteria. The IL cholinium ʟ-alaninate ([Cho][Ala]) effectively prevented biofilm formation and eradicated preformed biofilms. We recommend investigating multidrug resistant pathogens and surfaces that exhibit enhanced adherence.
{"title":"Evaluation of the ionic liquid cholinium L-alaninate as a promising biofilm control in clinically relevant bacteria","authors":"AF Chávez-Almanza , CA Díaz-Quiroz , G Ulloa-Mercado , AA Verdugo-Fuentes , JF Hernández-Chávez , J López-Cervantes , CB Vega-Millán , P Gortáres-Moroyoqui , C García-Gómez , MS Álvarez-Álvarez , J Rojas-Padilla , FJ Rivera-Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pathogenic biofilms pose a significant clinical challenge owing to their extreme antibiotic resistance. Multiple strategies, including ionic liquids (ILs), have been explored to inhibit or eradicate biofilms. Among them, choline and amino acid based ionic liquids are of interest due to their biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. This study assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of the ionic liquid cholinium alaninate against planktonic cultures and biofilms of <em>Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for planktonic cells using growth curve analysis. The inhibition and eradication of biofilm were assessed in microplates through stains to quantify total and viable cells. Treatments with different concentrations of ionic liquid were compared to controls. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and multiple comparison tests. A minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.3 % w/v cholinium alaninate was determined, with inhibition in the order <em>E. coli</em> <<em>P. aeruginosa</em> <<em>S. aureus</em>. For biofilms, a 0.9 % w/v treatment inhibited >95 % of biofilm growth. The sub-inhibitory treatment of 1.3 % w/v resulted in the removal of ≈92 % of biomass for all Gram-negative strains, while ≈85 % eradication was achieved for <em>S. aureus</em>. Approximately 3 % of Gram-negative bacteria and 5 % of <em>S. aureus</em> were metabolically active. Significant differences were observed for all treatments on biofilm (<em>p</em> < 0.05), with the greatest effects on Gram-negative bacteria. The IL cholinium ʟ-alaninate ([Cho][Ala]) effectively prevented biofilm formation and eradicated preformed biofilms. We recommend investigating multidrug resistant pathogens and surfaces that exhibit enhanced adherence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100142
Refilwe Mogale , Yuel W. Abraha , Marietjie Schutte-Smith , Hendrik.G. Visser , Elizabeth Erasmus
The transition to a sustainable chemical industry necessitates the development of environmentally friendly solvents and catalysts. Carbon dioxide utilization reactions offer a promising avenue for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but their commercialization depends on the availability of green catalysts and solvents. Traditional options often suffer from toxicity, volatility, and flammability, hindering their industrial application. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) present a sustainable alternative. This study explores the potential of NADES derived from choline chloride (ChCl) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) as catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epichlorohydrin. Nine NADES compositions were prepared and characterized using FTIR, NMR, DSC, and TGA. The [ChCl] : [IBA] (0.8 : 0.2) mixture exhibited the lowest melting point (4.4 °C) and the highest catalytic activity (TOF = 1091 h ¹). Under optimized conditions, the catalyst demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining its activity over four catalytic cycles.
{"title":"Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) derived from choline chloride and indole-3-butyric acid for optimized CO2 utilization through cycloaddition with epichlorohydrin","authors":"Refilwe Mogale , Yuel W. Abraha , Marietjie Schutte-Smith , Hendrik.G. Visser , Elizabeth Erasmus","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to a sustainable chemical industry necessitates the development of environmentally friendly solvents and catalysts. Carbon dioxide utilization reactions offer a promising avenue for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but their commercialization depends on the availability of green catalysts and solvents. Traditional options often suffer from toxicity, volatility, and flammability, hindering their industrial application. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) present a sustainable alternative. This study explores the potential of NADES derived from choline chloride (ChCl) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) as catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO<sub>2</sub> with epichlorohydrin. Nine NADES compositions were prepared and characterized using FTIR, NMR, DSC, and TGA. The [ChCl] : [IBA] (0.8 : 0.2) mixture exhibited the lowest melting point (4.4 °C) and the highest catalytic activity (TOF = 1091 h ¹). Under optimized conditions, the catalyst demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining its activity over four catalytic cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100135
Sanjeeta, Ajay Singh, Jyoti Kavirajwar
In the current scenario, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have gained a lot of significance compared to organic solvents and Ionic liquids. Due to the presence of a hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor in DESs, dynamic properties such as high thermal stability, electrochemical stability, good solvating power, and moderate viscosity can be observed. A thorough description of basic characteristic features of the DESs such as their formation, structure, physicochemical properties, and their diverse applications are discussed in this review paper. Different parameters like temperature, composition or molar ratio, and nature of components influence the properties and hence the applications of Deep Eutectic solvents, confirmed in the literature. Their vast uses in different domains, like drug delivery, synthesis, extraction of material, and electrochemistry aspects are discussed in detail. DESs have the potential as sustainable green solvents and can contribute to strengthening green chemistry. Future directions and challenges for research are also focused, on maximizing the performance and extending the applications of DESs for a wide range of academic and industrial endeavors.
{"title":"Dynamic properties and diverse applications of deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Sanjeeta, Ajay Singh, Jyoti Kavirajwar","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current scenario, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have gained a lot of significance compared to organic solvents and Ionic liquids. Due to the presence of a hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor in DESs, dynamic properties such as high thermal stability, electrochemical stability, good solvating power, and moderate viscosity can be observed. A thorough description of basic characteristic features of the DESs such as their formation, structure, physicochemical properties, and their diverse applications are discussed in this review paper. Different parameters like temperature, composition or molar ratio, and nature of components influence the properties and hence the applications of Deep Eutectic solvents, confirmed in the literature. Their vast uses in different domains, like drug delivery, synthesis, extraction of material, and electrochemistry aspects are discussed in detail. DESs have the potential as sustainable green solvents and can contribute to strengthening green chemistry. Future directions and challenges for research are also focused, on maximizing the performance and extending the applications of DESs for a wide range of academic and industrial endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jil.2025.100150
Pratyush Ranjan Hota , Devi Prasanna Behera , Harekrushna Sahoo
The present article examined the impact of ammonium-based dicationic ionic liquids (ILs) as co-solvent on the biophysical behaviour of CRABP I protein using various spectroscopic techniques along with molecular docking to support the experimental outcomes. Fluorescence study revealed significant alternations in the microenvironments of aromatic fluorescent amino acid residues. Fluorescence intensity indicated a decline upon increase in concentration of co-solvents, with a red shift. A similar trend also observed with the synchronous study. Stern-Volmer parameters revealed the static quenching behaviour whereas, existence of electrostatic interaction between protein and ILs is revealed from binding study using temperature-dependent fluorescence measurements. Conformational and structural changes of the protein were analysed using Circular Dichroism spectrometer. Molecular docking study supported the spectroscopic outcomes at the molecular level.
{"title":"Ammonium based dicationic ionic liquids: An interaction with CRABP I deciphered with biophysical perspective","authors":"Pratyush Ranjan Hota , Devi Prasanna Behera , Harekrushna Sahoo","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present article examined the impact of ammonium-based dicationic ionic liquids (ILs) as co-solvent on the biophysical behaviour of CRABP I protein using various spectroscopic techniques along with molecular docking to support the experimental outcomes. Fluorescence study revealed significant alternations in the microenvironments of aromatic fluorescent amino acid residues. Fluorescence intensity indicated a decline upon increase in concentration of co-solvents, with a red shift. A similar trend also observed with the synchronous study. Stern-Volmer parameters revealed the static quenching behaviour whereas, existence of electrostatic interaction between protein and ILs is revealed from binding study using temperature-dependent fluorescence measurements. Conformational and structural changes of the protein were analysed using Circular Dichroism spectrometer. Molecular docking study supported the spectroscopic outcomes at the molecular level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号