Journal of Natural Pesticide Research最新文献_第3页

A bioformulation of oyster shell, neem, sida, and citronella extracts boosts cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedling development and resistance to black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya 牡蛎壳，楝树，西达和香茅提取物的生物制剂促进可可（可可L.）幼苗发育和抵抗黑豆荚病引起的巨型疫病

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100163

Ebenezer Tatiekam Foka , Tatiana Flore Pacha Magni , Paul Martial Tayo Tene , Aristide Dzelamonyuy , Pierre Effa Onomo , Thaddée Boudjeko , Cécile Annie Ewane

Phytophthora megakarya is the major destroyer of cocoa production in Central and West Africa. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a bioformulation called Optimized Bio Formulation Prime (OBF') containing oyster shell extract and plant extracts (neem seed, sida weed and citronella) with tween80, on cocoa seedling production. The formulation was tested for stability and activity and it appears that it is stable at 25 °C and reduces the growth of Phytophthora megakarya by 55 % when used at 1 µL/mL. OBF' exerts its fungicidal activity by inhibiting protein synthesis and ATPase/H⁺ pump activity of Phytophthora megakarya. The GC-MS analysis of OBF' showed the presence of compounds among which citral and geraniol which have antimicrobial and insecticidal activity. After two weeks, the length and number of secondary roots of the germinated seeds had significantly increased. In addition, the use of OBF' in the in planta assay significantly increased leaf surface area. Detached leaf analysis of these seedlings showed a significant reduction in disease severity index of about 79 % compared to untreated plants with OBF'. It was found that OBF' induce PR proteins such as β-1,3-glucanases and peroxidases. A significant increase in polyphenol and polyphenol oxidase activities was also observed in OBF' treated plants. This work demonstrated the stability at 25°C and the efficacy of the OBF' formulation in the management of cocoa black pod disease and, subsequently, increasing the robustness of cocoa plant seedlings against Phytophthora megakarya by priming them with increased defense markers. OBF’ may help to protect cocoa seedlings production.

巨型疫霉是中非和西非可可生产的主要破坏者。本研究评估了一种名为优化生物制剂Prime （OBF'）的生物制剂的功效，该生物制剂含有牡蛎壳提取物和植物提取物（印楝籽、西达草和香茅），并含有tween80，用于可可幼苗生产。对该配方进行了稳定性和活性测试，结果表明，该配方在25 °C时稳定，在1 µL/mL时可使megakarya疫霉菌的生长减少55 %。OBF'通过抑制巨疫霉蛋白合成和atp酶/H+泵活性发挥其杀真菌活性。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，其中含有柠檬醛和香叶醇等具有抗菌和杀虫活性的化合物。2周后，发芽种子的次生根长度和数量显著增加。此外，在植物试验中使用OBF′显著增加了叶表面积。对这些幼苗的离体叶片分析显示，与未经处理的OBF相比，这些幼苗的疾病严重程度指数显著降低了约79% %。结果表明，OBF可诱导β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和过氧化物酶等PR蛋白。多酚和多酚氧化酶活性也显著增加。这项工作证明了OBF配方在25°C下的稳定性和可可黑豆荚病管理中的功效，随后，通过增加防御标记，增加可可植株幼苗对巨疫霉菌的抵抗力。OBF可能有助于保护可可幼苗的生产。

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引用次数: 0

Phytotoxic, antifungal and antiplasmodial properties of diterpenes isolated from Copaifera resins 紫檀树脂中二萜的植物毒性、抗真菌性和抗疟原虫性

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100161

Victor Pena Ribeiro , Kumudini Meepagala , Prabin Tamang , Jairo Kenupp Bastos , Joanna Bajsa-Hirschel

Diterpenes are bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse pharmacological and agricultural applications. In this study, four diterpenes—ent-polyalthic acid (1), ent-dihydroagathic acid (2), ent-kaurenoic acid (3), and ent-kaurenol (4)—were isolated from copaiba oil-resins and evaluated for their phytotoxic, antifungal, and antiplasmodial activities. Phytotoxicity assays revealed herbicidal activity against Agrostis stolonifera, with ent-polyalthic acid and ent-kaurenoic acid exhibiting the highest efficacy, inhibiting seed germination. ent-dihydroagathic acid also showed phytotoxicity against Lemna paucicostata with IC₅₀ value of 3.8 µM. All compounds inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum fragariae in a bioautography bioassay, with ent-kaurenoic acid exhibiting the highest activity. Molecular docking studies demonstrated favorable binding affinities of ent-polyalthic acid and ent-dihydroagathic acid to Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase. Pharmacokinetic assessments indicated adherence to Lipinski’s Rule of Five and suitable properties for oral bioavailability. These findings shows the potential of these diterpenes, particularly ent-polyalthic acid, as lead compound for herbicidal and antimalarial drug development.

二萜是具有生物活性的次生代谢物，具有多种药理和农业应用。本研究从copaiba油树脂中分离出四种二萜——对聚乙醇酸(1)、对二氢agathic酸(2)、对丁香烯酸(3)和对丁香烯醇(4)，并对其植物毒性、抗真菌和抗疟原虫活性进行了评价。植物毒性试验表明，对匍匐茎有一定的除草剂活性，其中对聚乙醇酸和对丁香烯酸对匍匐茎种子萌发的抑制作用最强。异-二氢agathacid对lena paucicostata也有一定的植物毒性，IC50值为3.8 µM。所有化合物均能抑制烟叶炭疽菌的生长，其中正戊烯酸的抑制作用最强。分子对接研究表明，对-聚乙醇酸和对-二氢agath酸对恶性疟原虫乳酸脱氢酶具有良好的结合亲和力。药代动力学评估表明，符合利平斯基的五法则和合适的口服生物利用度特性。这些发现显示了这些二萜，特别是正多醇酸，作为除草剂和抗疟疾药物开发的先导化合物的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal influence of shade on the disease incidence of Moniliophthora perniciosa in cocoa: Longitudinal study 遮荫对可可黑霉病发的季节性影响：纵向研究

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100162

Marco Vizuete-Montero , Hilter Figueroa -Saavedra , Rolando Torres-Castillo , Maritza Chaglla-Cango

Ecuador’s Amazon region is a global hotspot for fine-flavor cacao production, yet yields are frequently threatened by witches’ broom disease (Moniliophthora perniciosa) which can reduce harvests by more than 30 %. This longitudinal comparative study evaluates the seasonal influence of shade on the disease incidence of cocoa witches’ broom (M. perniciosa) in Ecuadorian Amazon region. Fifteen fine-flavor cacao farms were selected, distributed across the provinces of Sucumbíos and Orellana, establishing experimental plots with controlled shade management and control plots with traditional management. Over 60 months, shade variables were measured, and the incidence of the disease known as “witch’s broom” was assessed. Results indicate that experimental plots exhibited a higher percentage of shade (43.7 %) compared to control plots (35.33 %) during the summer. This increase in shade was correlated with greater disease incidence of M. perniciosa, evidenced by an increase in the number of terminal and floral broom formations. ARIMA models applied revealed that seasonal shade management significantly influences disease incidence, with projections showing stable temporal conditions in experimental plots compared to the seasonal variability in control plots. The research concludes that proper shade management can reduce the incidence of M. perniciosa, providing a more stable and predictable microclimate. These findings underscore the importance of integrating phytosanitary management strategies and sustainable agroforestry practices to mitigate the effects of climate change and improve the resilience of cacao production systems.

厄瓜多尔的亚马逊地区是全球优质可可生产的热点地区，但产量经常受到女巫扫帚病的威胁，这种病可以使收成减少30% %以上。本纵向比较研究评估了遮荫对厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区可可女巫帚（M. perniciosa）发病率的季节性影响。选取了15个精味可可农场，分布在Sucumbíos和Orellana两省，分别建立了控制遮荫管理的试验田和传统管理的控制田。在60个月的时间里，测量了阴影变量，并评估了被称为“女巫扫帚”的疾病的发病率。结果表明，试验区夏季遮荫率（43.7% %）高于对照区（35.33% %）。遮荫的增加与炭黑栎病发病率的增加有关，这一点可以从顶生和花帚形成数量的增加中得到证明。应用的ARIMA模型显示，季节性遮荫管理对疾病发病率有显著影响，预测结果显示，试验区的时间条件稳定，而对照区则呈现季节性变化。研究结果表明，适当的遮荫管理可以减少黑穗病的发生，提供更稳定和可预测的小气候。这些发现强调了将植物检疫管理战略与可持续农林业实践相结合的重要性，以减轻气候变化的影响并提高可可生产系统的复原力。

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引用次数: 0

In vitro control of fungal phytopathogens from strawberry fruits using active packaging films made with thyme essential oil and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate 百里香精油-聚羟基丁酸酯-共戊酸酯活性包装膜对草莓果实真菌病原菌的体外控制

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100160

Citlali Colín-Chávez , Karen Nayeli Tapia-Esquivel , José Juan Virgen-Ortiz , Miguel Ángel Martínez-Téllez , Elizabeth Peralta , Daniel Emilio Tejeda-Navarro , Orlando Hernández-Cristobal , Roberto Pablo Talamantes-Soto , Abel Hurtado-Macias

The present work is a promising step toward controlling fungal phytopathogens on strawberry fruits associated with decay. We have achieved this by exposing them to thyme essential oil and antifungal thyme essential oil/polyhydroxy-butyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) films. Phytopathogens (Alternaria tenuissima, Colletotrichum acutatum, Geotrichum candidum, and Cladosporium cladosporioides) were isolated from strawberry fruits postharvest. The mycelial growth of these phytopathogens was effectively inhibited with 0.25 and 0.50 mg/mL of thyme essential oil (40.69 ± 0.05 g of Thymol /100 g of oil) after 6 Days. The innovative use of thyme essential oil and PHBV in developing antifungal active film for food packaging, fabricated using the casting method with different doses of thyme essential oil: 4 % (T4), 6 % (T6), and 8 % (T8), has shown promising results. The T8 treatments inhibit fungal growth to a certain percentage concerning Cneg. A. tenuissima = 57 %, C. acutatum = 54 %, G. candidum = 61 % and C. cladosporioides= 56 %: at Day 6. The thyme essential oil released from the thyme essential oil and PHBV films changes the morphology and damages the membrane permeability of the phytopathogens tested. This research opens up new possibilities for effectively controlling strawberries' fruit losses with antifungal active films (active packaging).

本研究为控制草莓果实上与腐烂有关的真菌植物病原菌迈出了有希望的一步。我们通过将它们暴露于百里香精油和抗真菌百里香精油/聚羟基丁酸酯-共戊酸酯（PHBV）薄膜中来实现这一点。从草莓果实采后分离到植物病原菌（纹枯病菌、针叶炭疽菌、白地炭疽菌和枝孢枝孢子菌）。0.25和0.50 mg/mL百里香精油（40.69 ± 0.05 g百里香酚/100 g百里香精油）对病原菌菌丝生长均有明显抑制作用。百里香精油和PHBV在食品包装抗真菌活性膜中的创新应用，采用4 % （T4）、6 % （T6）和8 % （T8）不同剂量的百里香精油的浇浇法制备，取得了良好的效果。T8处理对Cneg真菌生长有一定的抑制作用。第6天，黄刺田鼠= 57 %，尖刺田鼠= 54 %，铁皮田鼠= 61 %，枝孢田鼠= 56 %。百里香精油和PHBV膜释放的百里香精油改变了所测植物病原体的形态，破坏了其膜透性。这项研究为有效控制草莓果实损失的抗真菌活性膜（活性包装）开辟了新的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of novel insecticides against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) via laboratory bioassay and field experiment findings 通过室内生物测定和田间试验评价新型杀虫剂对秋粘虫的防治效果

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100159

Nabin Bhandari , Dipesh Kumar Mehata , Aasish Bhandari , Ananta Mani Bhattarai

Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major agricultural pest responsible for significant economic losses globally. Due to the rising concerns over the overuse of synthetic insecticides, there is an increasing demand for safer and more sustainable alternatives. This study evaluated the efficacy of various chemical and biorational insecticides: neem (5 mL L⁻¹), timur extract (5 g L⁻¹), Btk + S. spinosa (2 mL L⁻¹), spinosad (0.3 mL L⁻¹), emamectin benzoate + abamectin (0.4 g L⁻¹), and chlorantraniliprole (0.4 mL L⁻¹) against fall armyworm under both laboratory and field conditions, with water spray serving as a control. Laboratory bioassays were conducted using a leaf dip method in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications per treatment and 20 larvae per replication (total = 560 larvae). Leaves were dipped in each insecticide solution at recommended concentrations. Complete mortality within 12 h was observed for Btk + S. spinosa, spinosad, and Ema. + Aba., while chlorantraniliprole and neem required 42 and 84 h, respectively. Field trials followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven treatments and three replications. Insecticides were applied at specific label-recommended rates at 25, 35, and 45 days after sowing (DAS) when infestation exceeded the economic threshold level. Ema. + Aba., chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad significantly reduced larval population and foliar damage, while enhancing maize growth and yield. These findings suggest that selected insecticides, particularly spinosad, Ema. + Aba., and chlorantraniliprole, are effective and economically viable options for integrated fall armyworm management in maize.

秋粘虫（Spodoptera frugiperda）是造成全球重大经济损失的主要农业害虫。由于对过度使用合成杀虫剂的担忧日益增加，对更安全、更可持续的替代品的需求日益增加。本研究评估了各种化学和生物杀虫剂的功效：楝树（5 mL L⁻¹），帖木儿提取物（5 g L⁻¹），Btk + S。spinosa(2 毫升 L⁻¹),spinosad(0.3 毫升 L⁻¹),苯甲酸emamectin + 阿维菌素(0.4 g  L⁻¹),和chlorantraniliprole(0.4 毫升 L⁻¹)对粘虫在实验室和现场条件下,与水喷淋控制。实验室生物测定采用叶片浸渍法，采用完全随机设计（CRD），每个处理4个重复，每个重复20只幼虫（共560只幼虫）。叶片按推荐浓度浸泡在每种杀虫剂溶液中。Btk + S在12 h内观察到完全死亡率。spinosa， spinosad和Ema。+ Aba。氯虫腈和楝树酸分别需要42和84 h。现场试验采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD），共7个处理，3个重复。当虫害超过经济阈值水平时，分别在播种后25、35和45天按标签推荐的特定剂量施用杀虫剂。教育津贴。+ Aba。氯虫腈和刺多沙能显著降低玉米幼虫数量和叶面危害，同时促进玉米生长和产量。这些发现表明，选定的杀虫剂，特别是棘虫苷，Ema。+ Aba。和氯虫虫是玉米秋粘虫综合治理的有效和经济可行的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Herbivore-induced pulse crop volatiles: Roles in non-nutritiveness to Spodoptera litura fitness and parasitoid attraction 草食诱导的脉冲作物挥发物：非营养性对斜纹夜蛾适应性和寄生蜂吸引的作用

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100155

Ramasamy Kanagaraj Murali-Baskaran, Yogesh Yele, Kailash Chander Sharma

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) emitted by pulse crops in response to Spodoptera litura infestation remain poorly understood in terms of their ecological functions. In this study, volatile profiles of S. litura-infested and -uninfested seedlings of cowpea, green gram, black gram, and soybean were analyzed using a dynamic plant volatile trapping system coupled with GC–MS. The dual roles of major volatiles were further examined by assessing their effects on S. litura feeding performance and the foraging behavior of its egg parasitoid Trichogramma japonicum. Seven synthetic volatiles were incorporated into artificial diets at 500 ppm and tested against second-instar of S. litura for growth indices. Diets containing octadecane and eicosane significantly reduced larval weight gain, diet consumption, and frass production. Octadecane-treated diets caused reductions of 49 % in relative growth rate (RGR), 74 % in relative consumption rate (RCR), and 52 % in approximate digestibility (AD), while eicosane-treated diets reduced RGR by 31 %, RCR by 62 % and AD by 37 %. Additionally, both compounds enhanced the foraging activity of T. japonicum on S. litura eggs. These findings demonstrate the ecological significance of HIPVs, with octadecane and eicosane functioning dually as feeding deterrents for S. litura and attractants for natural enemy. The results provide valuable insights into HIPV-mediated interactions and highlight their potential application in sustainable insect pest management.

脉冲作物对斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）侵染所释放的草食诱导植物挥发物（HIPVs）的生态功能尚不清楚。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术，对豇豆、绿克、黑克和大豆等4种植物的挥发性成分进行了分析。通过分析主要挥发物对斜纹夜蛾取食性能和卵寄生蜂赤眼蜂觅食行为的影响，进一步探讨了主要挥发物的双重作用。将7种合成挥发物添加到500 ppm的人工饲料中，对斜纹紫花蓟马二龄幼虫进行生长指标测定。饲粮中含有十八烷和二十烷可显著降低幼虫增重、日粮消耗和粗草产量。十八烷处理的饲粮使相对生长率（RGR）降低了49% %，相对消耗率（RCR）降低了74% %，近似消化率（AD）降低了52% %，而二十烷处理的饲粮使RGR降低了31% %，RCR降低了62% %，AD降低了37% %。此外，两种化合物均能增强日本血吸虫对斜纹夜蛾虫卵的觅食活性。这些研究结果表明，十八烷和二十烷具有双重作用，对斜纹夜蛾具有摄食威慑作用，对天敌具有引诱作用。研究结果为hipv介导的相互作用提供了有价值的见解，并强调了它们在可持续虫害管理中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Decoding the biocontrol potential of C22 phage: A natural solution to bacterial wilt disease 解码C22噬菌体的生物防治潜力：细菌性枯萎病的天然解决方案

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100158

Chooseel Bunsuwansakul, Kittiya Showpanish, Namthip Phironrit, Udom Sae-Ueng

Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) causes bacterial wilt disease in major crops worldwide. As naturally occurring bacterial predators, bacteriophages (phages) offer a promising and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. Understanding phages in-depth is needed for effective phage use in integrated pest management. In this study, we characterized a novel phage, C22, isolated from soil in Chiang Mai, Thailand, for its potential as a natural biopesticide against RSSC. The C22 phage is novel and capable of lysing Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs). The phage genome length is 43,284 base pairs (bp). We annotated 57 proteins, with 27 matching phage proteins with known functions or features. We found three closely related isolates, including the RpY1 and DU_RP_II phages infecting Ralstonia spp. and the Ensifer adhaerens isolate ST2 prophage. Together with the C22 phage, they potentially belong to a novel genus based on genomic and proteomic analyses. We evaluated its properties as a biocontrol agent. C22 phage has a wide host range, a burst size of 427 PFU per cell, and is highly stable at 20–50 °C, pHs 5–11, and 10–50 mM MgSO₄, making it an attractive choice for biocontrol utilization. These findings support the potential of C22 as a natural pesticide for bacterial wilt management and provide a foundation for phage formulation, storage, and integration into pest management strategies.

青枯病（Ralstonia solanacearum species complex， RSSC）在全球主要作物中引起细菌性枯萎病。作为天然存在的细菌捕食者，噬菌体（噬菌体）为化学农药提供了一种有前途的环保替代品。深入了解噬菌体是在病虫害综合治理中有效利用噬菌体的必要条件。在这项研究中，我们鉴定了一种从泰国清迈土壤中分离出来的新型噬菌体C22，因为它具有作为天然生物农药对抗RSSC的潜力。C22噬菌体是一种新型噬菌体，能够裂解番茄枯菌。噬菌体基因组长度为43284个碱基对（bp）。我们注释了57个蛋白，其中27个匹配的噬菌体蛋白具有已知的功能或特征。我们发现了三个密切相关的分离株，包括感染Ralstonia sp .的RpY1和DU_RP_II噬菌体和Ensifer adhaerens分离的ST2噬菌体。与C22噬菌体一起，基于基因组和蛋白质组学分析，它们可能属于一个新的属。我们评估了它作为生物防治剂的性能。C22噬菌体宿主范围广，每个细胞爆发大小为427 PFU，在20-50°C、ph 5-11和10-50 mM MgSO4条件下高度稳定，是生物防治利用的理想选择。这些发现支持了C22作为青枯病管理天然农药的潜力，并为噬菌体的配方、储存和整合到害虫管理策略提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Latex proteins from Calotropis procera elicit biochemical defenses in banana plantlets against Fusarium kalimantanense 原花椒乳蛋白诱导香蕉植株对加里曼丹纳镰刀菌的生化防御

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100157

Isabel Cristina Costa Souza , Christiana de Fátima Bruce da Silva , Celli Rodrigues Muniz , Cristina Paiva da Silveira Carvalho , Cleverson Diniz Teixeira de Freitas , José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves , Thalles Barbosa Grangeiro , Cléberson de Freitas Fernandes , Márcio Viana Ramos

Panama disease induces physiological and morphological symptoms, as well as tissue damage, in banana varieties. The infection impairs plant growth and yield, and in advanced stages, it leads to mortality. No definitive protocol is established for the management of its infectious agent. In this investigation, healthy banana plantlets were treated with either water, 1.5 mM methyl jasmonate (MeJa), or Calotropis procera latex proteins (CpLp, 0.15 mg.ml⁻¹). CpLp consists of soluble proteins extracted from C. procera latex that exhibit established synergistic effects against phytopathogens. After seven days, the pathogen Fusarium kalimantanense (10⁶ conidia.ml⁻¹) was inoculated. Symptoms of illness were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed 28 days after inoculation. Plants that received only water showed severe disease symptoms, whereas only 20 % of those treated with CpLp or MeJa exhibited signs of disease. The disease severity index in these groups was minimal, and the growth rate was similar to that of the non-inoculated plants. Ascorbate peroxidase activity increased solely in healthy plants exposed to MeJa or CpLp, while catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities were enhanced exclusively in infected plantlets treated with CpLp and MeJa. The concentration of malondialdehyde increased in the infected plants, but it remained stable in the infected plantlets that were treated with CpLp or MeJa. The results indicated that exogenous latex proteins (CpLp), when applied to leaves, triggered a protective response against F. kalimantanense damage in banana plantlets, preserving oxidative balance and promoting plant survival and growth. Thus, in addition to its direct impact on phytopathogens, exogenous latex proteins seem to stimulate defensive systems that alleviate the symptoms of Panama disease.

巴拿马病在香蕉品种中引起生理和形态症状以及组织损伤。这种感染损害了植物的生长和产量，在晚期，它会导致死亡。没有确定的方案来管理其传染原。在这项研究中，健康的香蕉幼苗分别用1.5 mM茉莉酸甲酯（MeJa）水或0.15 mg.ml−1的procertropis乳胶蛋白（CpLp）处理。CpLp由可溶蛋白组成，从原蝇乳汁中提取，具有抗植物病原体的协同作用。7天后，加里曼丹那岛镰刀菌(106个分生孢子；Ml−1)接种。通过扫描电镜和脂质过氧化评价疾病症状，并在接种后28天测定抗氧化酶活性。只接受水的植物表现出严重的疾病症状，而只有20% %接受CpLp或MeJa处理的植物表现出疾病迹象。这些组的疾病严重程度指数最小，生长速度与未接种植株相似。抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性仅在暴露于MeJa或CpLp的健康植株中增加，而过氧化氢酶和愈创木酚过氧化物酶活性仅在暴露于CpLp和MeJa的感染植株中增加。丙二醛浓度在感染植株中升高，但在CpLp和MeJa处理的感染植株中保持稳定。结果表明，外源乳胶蛋白（CpLp）施于香蕉叶片可触发香蕉幼苗对F. kalimantense危害的保护反应，维持氧化平衡，促进植物的存活和生长。因此，除了对植物病原体的直接影响外，外源性乳胶蛋白似乎还能刺激防御系统，从而减轻巴拿马病的症状。

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引用次数: 0

Potential of bionematicides in suppressing Pratylenchus zeae and changing the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) 生物杀线虫剂抑制玉米叶锈病和改变甘蔗根际细菌群落的潜力

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100156

Mayanna Karlla Lima Costa , Janderson Moura da Silva , Sandra Mara Barbosa Rocha , Romário Martins Costa , Francisco de Alcântara Neto , Heriksen Higashi Puerari , Aurenivia Bonifácio , Vania Maria Maciel Melo , Arthur Prudencio de Araujo Pereira , Ademir Sérgio Ferreira Araujo

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a major global crop for ethanol production and plays a critical role in meeting global bioenergy needs. However, its growth is threatened by nematode parasites, including Pratylenchus zeae, which disrupts root function and reduces productivity. While traditional chemical control presents several issues, the use of bionematicides in biological control is an eco-friendly alternative to managing nematode populations while preserving the microbiome of the rhizosphere. Here, we tested five bionematicides containing microorganisms: i) MicrosAtivos™ (Bacillus subtilis), ii) Nemacontrol™ (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), iii) Biotrinsic™ (Pseudomonas oryzihabitans), iv) Quartzo™ (Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis), v) Profix™ (Purpureocillium lilacinum + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis) to suppress P. zeae in sugarcane roots and soil. Biotrinsic™ (P. oryzihabitans) demonstrated the highest efficiency, reducing P. zeae populations by approximately 64 % in the soil and 81 % in the roots. Similarly, Nemacontrol™ (B. amyloliquefaciens) achieved reductions of 63 % in the soil and 72 % in the roots. In contrast, Quartzo™ (B. subtilis + B. licheniformis) exhibited the lowest efficiency, with reductions of 47 % in the soil and 30 % in the roots. While suppressing P. zeae, these treatments induced only minor changes in the structure of native bacterial communities in the rhizosphere. These results highlight the effectiveness of specific bionematicides, particularly P. oryzihabitans and B. amyloliquefaciens, in suppressing P. zeae while preserving the native rhizosphere microbiome, showing the potential of these biological tools for nematode management in sugarcane cultivation.

甘蔗（Saccharum officinarum L.）是全球主要的乙醇生产作物，在满足全球生物能源需求方面发挥着关键作用。然而，它的生长受到线虫寄生虫的威胁，包括玉米原叶线虫，它破坏了根的功能并降低了生产力。虽然传统的化学防治存在一些问题，但在生物防治中使用生物杀线虫剂是在保护根际微生物群的同时管理线虫种群的一种生态友好的替代方法。在这里，我们测试了5种含有微生物的生物杀菌剂：1)MicrosAtivos™（枯草芽孢杆菌），2)nemaccontrol™（解淀粉芽孢杆菌），3)Biotrinsic™（稻谷假单胞菌），4)Quartzo™（枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌），5)Profix™（紫丁香紫芽孢杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌），以抑制甘蔗根和土壤中的玉米卟啉菌。Biotrinsic™（P. oryzihabitans）表现出最高的效率，使玉米玉米在土壤中的种群数量减少约64% %，在根中减少约81% %。同样，nemaccontrol™（解淀粉杆菌）在土壤中减少了63% %，在根中减少了72% %。相比之下，Quartzo™（枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌）的效率最低，土壤减少了47 %，根系减少了30 %。这些处理在抑制玉米卟啉菌的同时，只引起根际天然细菌群落结构的微小变化。这些结果强调了特定的生物杀菌剂，特别是稻口线虫和解淀粉芽胞杆菌，在抑制玉米线虫的同时保持原生根际微生物群的有效性，显示了这些生物工具在甘蔗种植中线虫管理的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Biochemical and molecular profile alterations in Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Orthoptera: Acrididae) induced by the entomopathogenic fungi 昆虫病原真菌对迁徙蝗生化和分子特征的影响

Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100154

Jihan Muhammad

Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) poses a significant agroecological threat due to its density-dependent phase polymorphism, exhibiting distinct phenotypic variations (e.g., in morphology, physiology, and behavior) in response to changes in population density, culminating in migratory swarms that inflict substantial agricultural losses across Afro-Eurasia. This study evaluated the impact of two entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (AUMC9899) and Metarhizium anisopliae (AUCM5130), on the biochemical and molecular profiles of L. migratoria under semi-field conditions. Both fungi demonstrated considerable insecticidal efficacy. B. bassiana induced nymphal mortality rates of 48.30 % at its LC₅₀ and 87.33 % at its LC₉₀ after seven days, while M. anisopliae similarly resulted in 47 % and 85 % nymphal mortality at these respective concentrations. At their respective LC₅₀ concentrations (1.7 × 10⁵ and 1.7 × 10⁶ conidia/mL), both B. bassiana and M. anisopliae caused significant reductions in essential nutrient reserves by day 7. Total protein was reduced by 51.10 % (B. bassiana) and 53.39 % (M. anisopliae). Total carbohydrates decreased by 12.98 % (B. bassiana) and 18.26 % (M. anisopliae), while total lipids were reduced by 24.58 % (B. bassiana) and 38.14 % (M. anisopliae). These changes were accompanied by altered key enzyme activities in whole-body homogenates, including increased protease and chitinase and decreased trehalase. Furthermore, SDS-PAGE analysis of hemolymph revealed shared and distinct changes in protein profiles, indicating complex host-pathogen interactions. Both treatments led to the disappearance of higher molecular weight bands (∼232 kDa). B. bassiana developed a distinct band at ∼210 kDa on day 5, which was not observed in the control. While M. anisopliae exhibited a band at ∼212 kDa at the same day 5 time point. Furthermore, M. anisopliae exhibited bands in the ∼47–65 kDa range on days 3 and 5 that were no longer detectable by day 7, similar to B. bassiana, which also showed a reduction in this range by day 7, demonstrating pathogen-specific responses. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the insecticidal mechanisms of these entomopathogenic fungi and highlight their potential for biological control strategies against L. migratoria.

迁徙蝗（Linnaeus, 1758）（直翅类：蝗科）由于其密度依赖的阶段多态性，表现出明显的表型变异（如形态、生理和行为），从而对非洲-欧亚大陆造成重大的农业损失，对农业生态构成重大威胁。研究了球孢白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana, AUMC9899）和绿僵菌（Metarhizium anisopliae, AUCM5130）两种昆虫病原真菌在半田间条件下对迁徙乳杆菌生化和分子特征的影响。两种真菌都表现出相当强的杀虫功效。7 d后，球孢白僵菌在LC50和LC90浓度下的稚虫死亡率分别为48.30 %和87.33 %，而绿僵菌在这两个浓度下的稚虫死亡率分别为47 %和85 %。当LC50浓度分别为1.7 × 105和1.7 × 106分生孢子/mL时，球孢黑僵菌和绿僵菌在第7天的必需营养储备显著减少。总蛋白减少51.10 %（球孢白僵菌）和53.39 %（绿僵菌）。总碳水化合物减少了12.98 %（球孢僵菌）和18.26 %（绿僵菌），总脂质减少了24.58 %（球孢僵菌）和38.14 %（绿僵菌）。这些变化伴随着全身匀浆中关键酶活性的改变，包括蛋白酶和几丁质酶的增加以及海藻化酶的降低。此外，对血淋巴的SDS-PAGE分析揭示了蛋白质谱的共同和不同的变化，表明了复杂的宿主-病原体相互作用。两种处理都导致高分子量带的消失（~ 232 kDa）。在第5天，球孢白僵菌在~ 210 kDa时形成了一条明显的条带，这在对照组中没有观察到。而绿僵菌在同一天5个时间点上出现了约212 kDa的条带。此外，绿僵菌在第3天和第5天表现出在~ 47-65 kDa范围内的条带，在第7天不再被检测到，类似于球孢白僵菌，在第7天也表现出在这个范围内的减少，表明病原体特异性反应。这些发现为这些昆虫病原真菌的杀虫机制提供了更深入的认识，并突出了它们在生物防治上的潜力。

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引用次数: 0