Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100173
Endang Warih Minarni , Nurtiati, Nur Kholida Wulansari, Mutala’liah, Rostaman
Lecanicillium saksenae is an entomopathogenic fungus with high potential as a biological control agent against plant pests. However, information regarding the optimal growth medium for its mass propagation is still limited. This study aimed to determine the most effective medium for maximising L. saksenae propagation and enhancing cultivation efficiency. The treatments included solid media (PDA, rice, broken corn, and tofu waste) and liquid media (PDB, rice washing water, coconut water, and liquid tofu waste). L. saksenae fungus was obtained from diseased brown planthoppers in Pasir Kulon Village, Karanglewas District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The experimental design used a randomised complete block design with five replications. Observed variables included incubation time, growth percentage, conidial density, and mortality of Brown Planthopper (BPH). Data were analysed using ANOVA followed by DMRT at a 5 % significance level. The results showed that coconut water is the best medium for cultivating L. saksenae because, in addition to containing complete and balanced nutrients (sugar, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and cytokinins) that support vegetative growth and fungal sporulation, it can also increase the production of conidia with high viability and produce wine-red secondary metabolites suspected to be oosporein. In testing the efficacy of secondary metabolites against BPH, the highest mortality rate of BPH pests was observed in coconut water compared to other media. Thus, using coconut water as a natural culture medium has great potential in the mass production of L. saksenae to develop effective and sustainable bioinsecticides.
{"title":"Optimisation of Lecanicillium saksenae: Propagation on various agro-waste media for future bioinsecticide development","authors":"Endang Warih Minarni , Nurtiati, Nur Kholida Wulansari, Mutala’liah, Rostaman","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Lecanicillium saksenae</em> is an entomopathogenic fungus with high potential as a biological control agent against plant pests. However, information regarding the optimal growth medium for its mass propagation is still limited. This study aimed to determine the most effective medium for maximising <em>L. saksenae</em> propagation and enhancing cultivation efficiency. The treatments included solid media (PDA, rice, broken corn, and tofu waste) and liquid media (PDB, rice washing water, coconut water, and liquid tofu waste). <em>L. saksenae</em> fungus was obtained from diseased brown planthoppers in Pasir Kulon Village, Karanglewas District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The experimental design used a randomised complete block design with five replications. Observed variables included incubation time, growth percentage, conidial density, and mortality of Brown Planthopper (BPH). Data were analysed using ANOVA followed by DMRT at a 5 % significance level. The results showed that coconut water is the best medium for cultivating <em>L. saksenae</em> because, in addition to containing complete and balanced nutrients (sugar, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and cytokinins) that support vegetative growth and fungal sporulation, it can also increase the production of conidia with high viability and produce wine-red secondary metabolites suspected to be oosporein. In testing the efficacy of secondary metabolites against BPH, the highest mortality rate of BPH pests was observed in coconut water compared to other media. Thus, using coconut water as a natural culture medium has great potential in the mass production of <em>L. saksenae</em> to develop effective and sustainable bioinsecticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100171
Subramanian Arivoli , Samuel Tennyson
Post-harvest infestation of cereals and pulses by insect pests causes serious qualitative and quantitative losses to stored grains. Indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides have led to negative effects on the environment, pest resistance and resurgence, insecticide resistance, emergence of genetically resistant insect strains, chemical residues in food products and human health effects. Plant oils extracted from aromatic plants exhibit a wide range of insecticidal properties and are regarded as safe substitutes for traditional synthetic insecticides against stored grain insect pests. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of oils extracted from aromatic plant leaves against two of the most pervasive and damaging insect pests of stored products worldwide, viz., Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. The aromatic plant leaf oil extracts were analyzed for its phytochemical compounds via GC-MS and tested for its toxicity on the adults of S. oryzae and T. castaneum at dosages of 0.62, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 µL/L by Petri dish filter paper disc bioassay method. Adult mortality was calculated 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure. Azadirachta indica, Chrysopogon zizaniodes, Citrus sinensis and Mentha piperita achieved 100.0 % adult mortality in S. oryzae at 10.00 µL/L after 72 h of exposure, and their respective LD50 values were 1.02, 1.16, 1.38 and 1.50 µL/L. A. indica and Cymbopogon nardus caused a maximum of 96.6 % and 95.8 % adult mortality in T. castaneum, respectively at 10.00 µL/L after 72 h of exposure, and their respective LD50 values were 1.49 and 1.90 µL/L. A. indica, C. nardus, M. piperita and M. fragrans showed pronounced adult mortality and their toxicity factor ranged from 1.00 to 1.58 against both S. oryzae and T. castaneum after 72 h. The major phytocompounds present in the aromatic plant leaf oil extracts belonged to the class of terpenoids and terpenes. The present study highlighted the significance and scope of aromatic plant leaf oil extracts for the management of S. oryzae and T. castaneum in integrated pest management.
{"title":"Assessment of insecticidal efficacy of aromatic plant leaf oil extracts on the adults of Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum Herbst 1797 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"Subramanian Arivoli , Samuel Tennyson","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-harvest infestation of cereals and pulses by insect pests causes serious qualitative and quantitative losses to stored grains. Indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides have led to negative effects on the environment, pest resistance and resurgence, insecticide resistance, emergence of genetically resistant insect strains, chemical residues in food products and human health effects. Plant oils extracted from aromatic plants exhibit a wide range of insecticidal properties and are regarded as safe substitutes for traditional synthetic insecticides against stored grain insect pests. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of oils extracted from aromatic plant leaves against two of the most pervasive and damaging insect pests of stored products worldwide, viz., <em>Sitophilus oryzae</em> and <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>. The aromatic plant leaf oil extracts were analyzed for its phytochemical compounds via GC-MS and tested for its toxicity on the adults of <em>S</em>. <em>oryzae</em> and <em>T</em>. <em>castaneum</em> at dosages of 0.62, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 µL/L by Petri dish filter paper disc bioassay method. Adult mortality was calculated 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure. <em>Azadirachta indica</em>, <em>Chrysopogon zizaniodes</em>, <em>Citrus sinensis</em> and <em>Mentha piperita</em> achieved 100.0 % adult mortality in <em>S</em>. <em>oryzae</em> at 10.00 µL/L after 72 h of exposure, and their respective LD<sub>50</sub> values were 1.02, 1.16, 1.38 and 1.50 µL/L. <em>A</em>. <em>indica</em> and <em>Cymbopogon nardus</em> caused a maximum of 96.6 % and 95.8 % adult mortality in <em>T</em>. <em>castaneum</em>, respectively at 10.00 µL/L after 72 h of exposure, and their respective LD<sub>50</sub> values were 1.49 and 1.90 µL/L. <em>A</em>. <em>indica</em>, <em>C</em>. <em>nardus</em>, <em>M</em>. <em>piperita</em> and <em>M</em>. <em>fragrans</em> showed pronounced adult mortality and their toxicity factor ranged from 1.00 to 1.58 against both <em>S</em>. <em>oryzae</em> and <em>T</em>. <em>castaneum</em> after 72 h. The major phytocompounds present in the aromatic plant leaf oil extracts belonged to the class of terpenoids and terpenes. The present study highlighted the significance and scope of aromatic plant leaf oil extracts for the management of <em>S</em>. <em>oryzae</em> and <em>T</em>. <em>castaneum</em> in integrated pest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100172
Heba Abdel-Tawab , Shawky M. Aboelhadid , Aya E. Mohamed , Tarek Mohamed
The use of chemical fumigants such as methyl bromide and phosphine to control red flour beetle has a negative impact on human health and environment. Moreover, effectiveness of these compounds has declined due to emergence of pesticides resistance. This emphasizes the need for safer and more sustainable alternatives. Physical control methods such as laser pulses represent powerful and environmentally safe option. Therefore, the present study investigated effectiveness of femtosecond laser light (FSL) on the survival of adult and larval stages of Tribolium castaneum. Femtosecond laser irradiation at 370 nm wavelength, 150 mW power, and 5 min exposure time induced 0 % survivability of adult and larval stages of T. castaneum. While, using femtosecond laser light at 400 nm wavelength under the same parameters resulted in complete inhibition of survivability in adults, and larval survival decreased to 33.33 %. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of larvae revealed that 370 nm irradiation wavelength caused visible physical damage, including deformations in the dorsal cuticle, shrinkage of the abdominal surface and pygopods, loss of setae, and bulging. Similarly, the laser treatment of T. castaneum adults led to a reduction in elytra sensilla density and shrinkage of the ovipositor. In conclusion, femtosecond laser light showed pesticidal activity and induced physical damage against T. castaneum. Further studies are required to evaluate this effect under the field conditions.
{"title":"Impact of femtosecond laser irradiation on survival and morphology of Tribolium castaneum","authors":"Heba Abdel-Tawab , Shawky M. Aboelhadid , Aya E. Mohamed , Tarek Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of chemical fumigants such as methyl bromide and phosphine to control red flour beetle has a negative impact on human health and environment. Moreover, effectiveness of these compounds has declined due to emergence of pesticides resistance. This emphasizes the need for safer and more sustainable alternatives. Physical control methods such as laser pulses represent powerful and environmentally safe option. Therefore, the present study investigated effectiveness of femtosecond laser light (FSL) on the survival of adult and larval stages of <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>. Femtosecond laser irradiation at 370 nm wavelength, 150 mW power, and 5 min exposure time induced 0 % survivability of adult and larval stages of <em>T. castaneum.</em> While, using femtosecond laser light at 400 nm wavelength under the same parameters resulted in complete inhibition of survivability in adults, and larval survival decreased to 33.33 %. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of larvae revealed that 370 nm irradiation wavelength caused visible physical damage, including deformations in the dorsal cuticle, shrinkage of the abdominal surface and pygopods, loss of setae, and bulging. Similarly, the laser treatment of <em>T. castaneum</em> adults led to a reduction in elytra sensilla density and shrinkage of the ovipositor. In conclusion, femtosecond laser light showed pesticidal activity and induced physical damage against <em>T. castaneum</em>. Further studies are required to evaluate this effect under the field conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100169
Seth K. Asare , Vincent Y. Eziah , Seloame T. Nyaku
The botanically derived terpenoids linalool and nerolidol were evaluated as post-harvest protectants of maize (Zea mays L.) seed against two major storage insects, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch., and the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus Link. Analytical standards (≥ 97 % purity for linalool and ≥ 67 % purity for nerolidol) were applied to seeds (50 g) at 11.18 µmol·g⁻¹ and 7.87 µmol·g⁻¹ respectively, and compared with a commercial fungicide (Betallic EC) and an untreated control. At the test dose, linalool achieved 93.3 % repellency against P. truncatus and 100 % repellency against S. zeamais; corresponding values for nerolidol were 86.7 % for both species. Both terpenoids caused significant adult mortality and sharply reduced F₁ progeny emergence relative to controls (p < 0.05). Surface-inoculated kernels showed marked suppression of A. flavus mycelial growth. Complete fungal growth inhibition (100 %) was obtained with linalool and Betallic EC; nerolidol also reduced colony expansion and visibly restricted sporulation. Quantification of aflatoxins revealed parallel reductions in AFB₁ and AFB₂ titres. These findings demonstrate that linalool and nerolidol possess dual insecticidal and antifungal activities. When applied preventively to clean maize, the compounds can lower insect infestation, curb fungal colonization, and thereby lessen aflatoxin contamination under laboratory conditions during storage. Their efficacy supports further development as environmentally compatible alternatives or supplements to synthetic protectants in small-scale and commercial grain-storage systems.
{"title":"Efficacy of linalool and nerolidol for protecting stored maize seeds from Prostephanus truncatus and Sitophilus zeamais, and aflatoxin-producing fungi","authors":"Seth K. Asare , Vincent Y. Eziah , Seloame T. Nyaku","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The botanically derived terpenoids linalool and nerolidol were evaluated as post-harvest protectants of maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) seed against two major storage insects, <em>Prostephanus truncatus</em> (Horn) and <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> Motsch., and the aflatoxin-producing fungus <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> Link. Analytical standards (≥ 97 % purity for linalool and ≥ 67 % purity for nerolidol) were applied to seeds (50 g) at 11.18 µmol·g⁻¹ and 7.87 µmol·g⁻¹ respectively, and compared with a commercial fungicide (Betallic EC) and an untreated control. At the test dose, linalool achieved 93.3 % repellency against <em>P. truncatus</em> and 100 % repellency against <em>S. zeamais</em>; corresponding values for nerolidol were 86.7 % for both species. Both terpenoids caused significant adult mortality and sharply reduced F₁ progeny emergence relative to controls (p < 0.05). Surface-inoculated kernels showed marked suppression of <em>A. flavus</em> mycelial growth. Complete fungal growth inhibition (100 %) was obtained with linalool and Betallic EC; nerolidol also reduced colony expansion and visibly restricted sporulation. Quantification of aflatoxins revealed parallel reductions in AFB₁ and AFB₂ titres. These findings demonstrate that linalool and nerolidol possess dual insecticidal and antifungal activities. When applied preventively to clean maize, the compounds can lower insect infestation, curb fungal colonization, and thereby lessen aflatoxin contamination under laboratory conditions during storage. Their efficacy supports further development as environmentally compatible alternatives or supplements to synthetic protectants in small-scale and commercial grain-storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100170
A. Sowmiya , M. Suganthy , R. Saranya , K. Ganesan , P. Janaki
The shift toward regenerative agriculture has intensified interest in sustainable plant protection strategies that prioritize ecological balance, soil health and long-term productivity. Among these, the use of beneficial microbes has garnered significant attention for their ability to enhance plant defense, suppress pests and diseases and improve overall crop resilience. This review highlights the growing relevance of microbial agents in advancing sustainable plant protection and examines their potential applications within regenerative agricultural systems that emphasize reduced chemical inputs and ecological harmony. It explores key microbial groups including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), mycorrhizal fungi, endophytes and biocontrol agents and extrapolates their contributions to plant health through mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, phytohormone production, systemic resistance induction and antagonism of pathogens and insect pests. Particular emphasis is placed on entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium spp., Isaria spp., and Verticillium spp., the bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis, entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis and Steinernema spp. and entomopathogenic protozoa, Nosema spp., all of which have demonstrated efficacy in controlling a broad spectrum of insect pests. These microbes act through multiple mechanisms, including enzymatic degradation of the insect cuticle, toxin-mediated mortality, interference with host metabolism, septicemia induced by nematode–bacterial symbiosis and long-term host suppression by protozoan infection, making them versatile agents in integrated pest management strategies. This review critically examines their efficacy, specificity, advantages and limitations under both laboratory and field conditions. It further explores challenges related to formulation stability, environmental persistence, delivery systems and compatibility with regenerative practices such as organic amendments and conservation tillage. Real-world case studies and field-based evidence are presented to underscore the practical relevance and scalability of microbial-based pest management. The review concludes that beneficial microbes not only offer effective pest suppression but also enhance plant growth and stress resilience, positioning them as vital tools for regenerative agriculture. Their integration into farming systems represents a biologically sound, ecologically responsible and scalable pathway toward sustainable agricultural transformation.
{"title":"Harnessing the power of microbes for plant protection in regenerative agriculture: A comprehensive review","authors":"A. Sowmiya , M. Suganthy , R. Saranya , K. Ganesan , P. Janaki","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shift toward regenerative agriculture has intensified interest in sustainable plant protection strategies that prioritize ecological balance, soil health and long-term productivity. Among these, the use of beneficial microbes has garnered significant attention for their ability to enhance plant defense, suppress pests and diseases and improve overall crop resilience. This review highlights the growing relevance of microbial agents in advancing sustainable plant protection and examines their potential applications within regenerative agricultural systems that emphasize reduced chemical inputs and ecological harmony. It explores key microbial groups including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), mycorrhizal fungi, endophytes and biocontrol agents and extrapolates their contributions to plant health through mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, phytohormone production, systemic resistance induction and antagonism of pathogens and insect pests. Particular emphasis is placed on entomopathogenic fungi, <em>Beauveria bassiana</em>, <em>Metarhizium spp</em>., <em>Isaria spp</em>., and <em>Verticillium spp</em>., the bacteria, <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>, entomopathogenic nematodes, <em>Heterorhabditis</em> and <em>Steinernema spp</em>. and entomopathogenic protozoa, <em>Nosema spp</em>., all of which have demonstrated efficacy in controlling a broad spectrum of insect pests. These microbes act through multiple mechanisms, including enzymatic degradation of the insect cuticle, toxin-mediated mortality, interference with host metabolism, septicemia induced by nematode–bacterial symbiosis and long-term host suppression by protozoan infection, making them versatile agents in integrated pest management strategies. This review critically examines their efficacy, specificity, advantages and limitations under both laboratory and field conditions. It further explores challenges related to formulation stability, environmental persistence, delivery systems and compatibility with regenerative practices such as organic amendments and conservation tillage. Real-world case studies and field-based evidence are presented to underscore the practical relevance and scalability of microbial-based pest management. The review concludes that beneficial microbes not only offer effective pest suppression but also enhance plant growth and stress resilience, positioning them as vital tools for regenerative agriculture. Their integration into farming systems represents a biologically sound, ecologically responsible and scalable pathway toward sustainable agricultural transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beauvericin is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide mycotoxin produced mainly by Beauveria bassiana and Fusarium spp. This mycotoxin has insecticidal, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties hence it may be potentially used as a pesticide and medicine in some specific areas. Following our previous study on production a chitosan-based nano-formulation of beauvericin to control mulberry snout moth, the current study was designed to determine whether the nano-formulation may affect physiological mechanisms and economic characteristics of Bombyx mori L. Results showed the statistical decrease of nutritional indices except for approximate digestibility. Statistical decrease was also recorded in the activity of digestive enzymes except for lipase and amino-peptidase that were in accordance of findings on the nutritional indices. In contrast, chitosan-based nano-formulation of beauvericin significantly induced the activity of antioxidant enzymes except for superoxide dismutase. The chitosan-based nano-formulation of beauvericin statistically decreased the weight of pupae and cocoon compared to control. Since we used LC50 concentration of beauvericin in nano-formulation, it may be concluded that beauvericin had a severe effect on B. mori so there should be a reasonable period between spraying against G. pyloalis and utilization of leaves by B. mori.
{"title":"Side-effects of Beauvericin Nano-Chitosan formulation on some economic and physiological characteristics of Bombyx mori L","authors":"Leila Yousefi-Lardeh , Arash Zibaee , Farjad Rafeie , Ramin Abdoli","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beauvericin is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide mycotoxin produced mainly by <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> and <em>Fusarium</em> spp. This mycotoxin has insecticidal, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties hence it may be potentially used as a pesticide and medicine in some specific areas. Following our previous study on production a chitosan-based nano-formulation of beauvericin to control mulberry snout moth, the current study was designed to determine whether the nano-formulation may affect physiological mechanisms and economic characteristics of <em>Bombyx mori</em> L. Results showed the statistical decrease of nutritional indices except for approximate digestibility. Statistical decrease was also recorded in the activity of digestive enzymes except for lipase and amino-peptidase that were in accordance of findings on the nutritional indices. In contrast, chitosan-based nano-formulation of beauvericin significantly induced the activity of antioxidant enzymes except for superoxide dismutase. The chitosan-based nano-formulation of beauvericin statistically decreased the weight of pupae and cocoon compared to control. Since we used LC<sub>50</sub> concentration of beauvericin in nano-formulation, it may be concluded that beauvericin had a severe effect on <em>B. mori</em> so there should be a reasonable period between spraying against <em>G. pyloalis</em> and utilization of leaves by <em>B. mori</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100167
Hashim Ibrahim , Louise-Marie Dandurand , Inna Popova
The pesticidal activity of Solanum sisymbriifolium is attributed to a range of plant secondary metabolites including glycoalkaloids that can be concentrated from plant tissues. While the pesticidal activity of S. sisymbriifolium is documented, the chemical composition of plant tissue and plant extracts are still poorly understood. Plant material is inherently complex, comprising a wide spectrum of metabolites with varying degrees of polarity. Therefore, appropriate sample preparation, especially drying, is crucial for true representation of plant chemistry and for achieving high isolation efficiency of biopesticidal active compounds. Hence, the objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts of different postharvest drying techniques (room drying, freeze drying, and oven drying) on the metabolomic profiles of S. sisymbriifolium extracts. Based on untargeted UPLC-QTOF MS profiles of plant extracts, different methods of biomass drying significantly influence the preservation and extractability of 1366 S. sisymbriifolium secondary metabolites. Oven drying and freeze drying were found to be the most effective methods, with oven drying yielding the highest concentrations of alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. In contrast, room drying generally resulted in reduced metabolite concentrations, likely due to oxidative degradation. The results highlight the importance of selecting appropriate drying methods to achieve the desired metabolic profile and to assure the preservation of biopesticidal activity of the proposed biomass feedstock material.
龙葵的杀虫活性归因于一系列植物次生代谢物，包括可从植物组织中浓缩的糖生物碱。虽然西米草的杀虫活性有文献记载，但对其植物组织和提取物的化学成分仍知之甚少。植物材料本质上是复杂的，包括具有不同极性程度的广泛代谢物。因此，适当的样品制备，特别是干燥，对于真正代表植物化学和实现生物农药活性化合物的高分离效率至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是评估不同采后干燥技术（室内干燥、冷冻干燥和烘箱干燥）对西米草提取物代谢组学特征的影响。基于植物提取物的非靶向UPLC-QTOF质谱分析，不同的生物质干燥方法显著影响1366 S. sisymbriifolium次生代谢产物的保存和可提取性。烘箱干燥和冷冻干燥被发现是最有效的方法，烘箱干燥产生最高浓度的生物碱、萜类和酚类化合物。相比之下，室内干燥通常导致代谢物浓度降低，可能是由于氧化降解。结果强调了选择适当的干燥方法以实现所需的代谢特征和确保所提出的生物质原料的生物农药活性的保存的重要性。
{"title":"Impact of postharvest drying methods on metabolite composition of Solanum sisymbriifolium extract","authors":"Hashim Ibrahim , Louise-Marie Dandurand , Inna Popova","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pesticidal activity of <em>Solanum sisymbriifolium</em> is attributed to a range of plant secondary metabolites including glycoalkaloids that can be concentrated from plant tissues. While the pesticidal activity of <em>S. sisymbriifolium</em> is documented, the chemical composition of plant tissue and plant extracts are still poorly understood. Plant material is inherently complex, comprising a wide spectrum of metabolites with varying degrees of polarity. Therefore, appropriate sample preparation, especially drying, is crucial for true representation of plant chemistry and for achieving high isolation efficiency of biopesticidal active compounds. Hence, the objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts of different postharvest drying techniques (room drying, freeze drying, and oven drying) on the metabolomic profiles of <em>S. sisymbriifolium</em> extracts. Based on untargeted UPLC-QTOF MS profiles of plant extracts, different methods of biomass drying significantly influence the preservation and extractability of 1366 <em>S. sisymbriifolium</em> secondary metabolites. Oven drying and freeze drying were found to be the most effective methods, with oven drying yielding the highest concentrations of alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. In contrast, room drying generally resulted in reduced metabolite concentrations, likely due to oxidative degradation. The results highlight the importance of selecting appropriate drying methods to achieve the desired metabolic profile and to assure the preservation of biopesticidal activity of the proposed biomass feedstock material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, is one of the most important diseases in apple orchards generally controlled by chemical fungicides. To promote sustainable practices, these fungicides should be replaced with environmentally friendly alternatives, such as biological control methods. This study tested the biocontrol potential of nine bacterial isolates against five isolates of V. inaequalis from the Fes-Meknes region. These bacterial isolates had previously demonstrated activity against other infections. These bacterial isolates exhibited a mycelial growth suppression ranging from 60 % to 92 %, with significant differences observed among the fungal isolates. In detached leaf bioassays, the antagonistic bacterial strains showed greater preventive than curative efficacy in combination with the fungicide difenoconazole. In vitro and in vivo treatments showed variable efficacy depending on the fungal isolates. Among the microorganisms tested, Alcaligenes faecalis (ACBC1), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (CPa2), and B. amyloliquefaciens (SF14) proved effective against several strains of V. inaequalis, although their effectiveness was generally lower than that of the fungicidal product (difenoconazole). In vitro tests using culture filtrates of the aforementioned bacterial isolates gave inhibition rates of 21–73 %. In addition, inhibition rates ranging from 40 % to 50 % reflected the importance of the antifungal metabolites produced by these bacterial isolates on spore germination and elongation. The bacteria also emitted volatile compounds, which exhibited antifungal activity, inhibiting fungal growth between 6 % and 80 %. Additionally, biochemical studies confirmed that these antagonist bacterial isolates have the potential to secrete lytic enzymes, thus adding to their antifungal properties. These findings suggest that these bacterial strains hold great potential for the development of effective biofungicides in sustainable and efficient management of apple scab.
{"title":"Potential of bacterial isolates for the biological control of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis)","authors":"Safae Gouit , Mohammed Radi , Ismahane Chair , Zineb Belabess , Abdelaaziz Farhaoui , Abdessalem Tahiri , Abderrahim Lazraq , Rachid Lahlali","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apple scab, caused by <em>Venturia inaequalis</em>, is one of the most important diseases in apple orchards generally controlled by chemical fungicides. To promote sustainable practices, these fungicides should be replaced with environmentally friendly alternatives, such as biological control methods. This study tested the biocontrol potential of nine bacterial isolates against five isolates of <em>V. inaequalis</em> from the Fes-Meknes region. These bacterial isolates had previously demonstrated activity against other infections. These bacterial isolates exhibited a mycelial growth suppression ranging from 60 % to 92 %, with significant differences observed among the fungal isolates. In detached leaf bioassays, the antagonistic bacterial strains showed greater preventive than curative efficacy in combination with the fungicide difenoconazole. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> treatments showed variable efficacy depending on the fungal isolates. Among the microorganisms tested, <em>Alcaligenes faecalis</em> (ACBC1), <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> (CPa2), and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> (SF14) proved effective against several strains of <em>V. inaequalis</em>, although their effectiveness was generally lower than that of the fungicidal product (difenoconazole). <em>In vitro</em> tests using culture filtrates of the aforementioned bacterial isolates gave inhibition rates of 21–73 %. In addition, inhibition rates ranging from 40 % to 50 % reflected the importance of the antifungal metabolites produced by these bacterial isolates on spore germination and elongation. The bacteria also emitted volatile compounds, which exhibited antifungal activity, inhibiting fungal growth between 6 % and 80 %. Additionally, biochemical studies confirmed that these antagonist bacterial isolates have the potential to secrete lytic enzymes, thus adding to their antifungal properties. These findings suggest that these bacterial strains hold great potential for the development of effective biofungicides in sustainable and efficient management of apple scab.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100164
María Micaela Pérez-Rodriguez , Gabriela Lucero , Betina Agaras , Miguel Andrés Lobato-Ureche , María de los Ángeles Fernández , Magdalena Espino , Ana Carmen Cohen
The fungus Rhizoctonia solani is capable of attacking tomato crops leading to great economic losses. Recently, there is the requirement for agricultural strategies to produce and protect crops with a sustainable approach. The integration of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) into agricultural practices has emerged as a biocontrol approach. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antagonistic activity of native PGPR strains from Mendoza (Argentina) against pathogens of tomato seedlings, and the evaluation of the effect of the most effective PGPR by inoculating tomato seedlings infected with R. solani under greenhouse conditions. Pseudomonas 42P4 isolate (Ps 42P4) belongs to the P. corrugata subgroup of the P. fluorescens complex. Ps 42P4 exhibited more biocontrol traits than the rest of the isolates, was able to grow in presence of fungicides and was the most effective strain in reducing in vitro the growth of all pathogens evaluated. The application of Ps 42P4 reduced the disease incidence and severity with respect to the pathogen infected plants and in a similar way to the chemical treatment and the combination of both. Ps 42P4 increased tomato seedling growth under both healthy as well as diseased conditions. The strain keeps the ability to increase overall tomato growth parameters even in combination with the chemical fungicide, under biotic and non-biotic stress. Our evidence suggests that plant protection is due mainly to increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities, and by modulating the profile of phenolic compounds. In conclusion, Ps 42P4 is a potential strain to be considered as a biocontrol agent against R. solani in tomato plants.
{"title":"Autochthonous isolate Pseudomonas 42P4 as a sustainable strategy to control Rhizoctonia solani and promote growth of tomato plants","authors":"María Micaela Pérez-Rodriguez , Gabriela Lucero , Betina Agaras , Miguel Andrés Lobato-Ureche , María de los Ángeles Fernández , Magdalena Espino , Ana Carmen Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fungus <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> is capable of attacking tomato crops leading to great economic losses. Recently, there is the requirement for agricultural strategies to produce and protect crops with a sustainable approach. The integration of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) into agricultural practices has emerged as a biocontrol approach. The aim of this work was to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> antagonistic activity of native PGPR strains from Mendoza (Argentina) against pathogens of tomato seedlings, and the evaluation of the effect of the most effective PGPR by inoculating tomato seedlings infected with <em>R. solani</em> under greenhouse conditions. <em>Pseudomonas</em> 42P4 isolate (<em>Ps</em> 42P4) belongs to the <em>P. corrugata</em> subgroup of the <em>P. fluorescens</em> complex. <em>Ps</em> 42P4 exhibited more biocontrol traits than the rest of the isolates, was able to grow in presence of fungicides and was the most effective strain in reducing <em>in vitro</em> the growth of all pathogens evaluated. The application of <em>Ps</em> 42P4 reduced the disease incidence and severity with respect to the pathogen infected plants and in a similar way to the chemical treatment and the combination of both. <em>Ps</em> 42P4 increased tomato seedling growth under both healthy as well as diseased conditions. The strain keeps the ability to increase overall tomato growth parameters even in combination with the chemical fungicide, under biotic and non-biotic stress. Our evidence suggests that plant protection is due mainly to increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities, and by modulating the profile of phenolic compounds. In conclusion, <em>Ps</em> 42P4 is a potential strain to be considered as a biocontrol agent against <em>R. solani</em> in tomato plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100166
Gabriel da Silva Coutinho , Nataly Diniz de Lima Santos , Juliana Vital de Mendonça , Welton Aaron de Almeida , Janaina Carla Barbosa Machado , Júlio César Ribeiro de Oliveira Farias de Aguiar , Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz Navarro , Marcus Mello Rego de Amorim , Jeine Emanuele Santos da Silva , Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira , Luiz Alberto Lira Soares , Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva , Thiago Henrique Napoleão , Lucas Gabriel Pita dos Santos , Emmanuel Viana Pontual
Alphitobius diaperinus, a pervasive pest in poultry facilities and stored products, poses significant challenges due to its role as a mechanical carrier of pathogens and its resilience to conventional insecticides. In search of eco-friendly alternatives, this study investigated the chemical composition and insecticidal potential of saline (SE) and methanolic (ME) extracts from Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves. Chromatographic analyses (TLC and HPLC-DAD) revealed the presence of cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids in both extracts, while terpenes and steroids were detected exclusively in ME. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed the presence of eleven volatile compounds in each extract, with sesquiterpenes such as β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and caryophyllene oxide dominating the ME profile, whereas SE predominantly contained long-chain alkanes. Bioassays against A. diaperinus adults showed that ME significantly reduced survival rates (LC₅₀ = 36.99 ± 1.57 mg/mL), while SE was ineffective at comparable concentrations. The insecticidal activity of ME may be linked to the presence of sesquiterpenes, steroids, and flavonoids. These findings position the methanolic extract of Ar. heterophyllus as a promising candidate for the development of plant-based insecticides, potentially contributing to more sustainable and targeted pest control strategies in poultry farming.
{"title":"Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. leaf extracts: Chemical insights and toxicity assessment against the lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"Gabriel da Silva Coutinho , Nataly Diniz de Lima Santos , Juliana Vital de Mendonça , Welton Aaron de Almeida , Janaina Carla Barbosa Machado , Júlio César Ribeiro de Oliveira Farias de Aguiar , Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz Navarro , Marcus Mello Rego de Amorim , Jeine Emanuele Santos da Silva , Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira , Luiz Alberto Lira Soares , Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva , Thiago Henrique Napoleão , Lucas Gabriel Pita dos Santos , Emmanuel Viana Pontual","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Alphitobius diaperinus</em>, a pervasive pest in poultry facilities and stored products, poses significant challenges due to its role as a mechanical carrier of pathogens and its resilience to conventional insecticides. In search of eco-friendly alternatives, this study investigated the chemical composition and insecticidal potential of saline (SE) and methanolic (ME) extracts from <em>Artocarpus heterophyllus</em> leaves. Chromatographic analyses (TLC and HPLC-DAD) revealed the presence of cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids in both extracts, while terpenes and steroids were detected exclusively in ME. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed the presence of eleven volatile compounds in each extract, with sesquiterpenes such as β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and caryophyllene oxide dominating the ME profile, whereas SE predominantly contained long-chain alkanes. Bioassays against <em>A. diaperinus</em> adults showed that ME significantly reduced survival rates (LC₅₀ = 36.99 ± 1.57 mg/mL), while SE was ineffective at comparable concentrations. The insecticidal activity of ME may be linked to the presence of sesquiterpenes, steroids, and flavonoids. These findings position the methanolic extract of <em>Ar. heterophyllus</em> as a promising candidate for the development of plant-based insecticides, potentially contributing to more sustainable and targeted pest control strategies in poultry farming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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