Secondary metabolic compounds were investigated on the various insecticides from plants based on extraction and profile identified on various toxic substances. Generally, interactions between insects and plants lead to the release of various biochemical components pivotal in secondary metabolic processes and in insect defense against stimuli or insecticides. This study highlighted the efficacy of botanical pesticides containing bioactive chemicals as insecticides, operating through mechanisms such as antifeedants, repellents, protectants, and growth-disrupting hormones. Thus, secondary metabolic activity was confirmed to exhibit insecticidal properties, including the emission of signalling cues such as 2,4-Decadienal, Pterin-6-carboxylic acid, Oleic Acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid (E), and Stearic acid. Meanwhile, Principal component analysis was used to assessed the distribution of metabolites resulting from plant-insect interactions. Additionally, putative toxic substances were confirmed in repellent assays, affirming that botanical blends enhanced certain plant defenses against banana pests. Further understanding of these components and their varying efficacy levels under different conditions may be crucial in developing bio-rational control against B. subcostata under in vitro conditions. The current study aims to examine certain plant extracts as natural enemies and alternatives against the banana fruit scarring beetle B. subcostata under in vitro conditions.
{"title":"Efficacy of botanical pesticides in insecticidal activity against the banana fruit scarring beetle Basilepta subcostata an In vitro analysis","authors":"Velavan Viswakethu , Vinitha Ramasamy , Padmanaban Balakrishnan , Baskar Narayanasamy , Raju Karthic","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Secondary metabolic compounds were investigated on the various insecticides from plants based on extraction and profile identified on various toxic substances. Generally, interactions between insects and plants lead to the release of various biochemical components pivotal in secondary metabolic processes and in insect defense against stimuli or insecticides. This study highlighted the efficacy of botanical pesticides containing bioactive chemicals as insecticides, operating through mechanisms such as antifeedants, repellents, protectants, and growth-disrupting hormones. Thus, secondary metabolic activity was confirmed to exhibit insecticidal properties, including the emission of signalling cues such as 2,4-Decadienal, Pterin-6-carboxylic acid, Oleic Acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid (E), and Stearic acid. Meanwhile, Principal component analysis was used to assessed the distribution of metabolites resulting from plant-insect interactions. Additionally, putative toxic substances were confirmed in repellent assays, affirming that botanical blends enhanced certain plant defenses against banana pests. Further understanding of these components and their varying efficacy levels under different conditions may be crucial in developing bio-rational control against <em>B. subcostata</em> under <em>in vitro</em> conditions. The current study aims to examine certain plant extracts as natural enemies and alternatives against the banana fruit scarring beetle <em>B. subcostata</em> under <em>in vitro</em> conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2024.100099
Quang Le Dang , Cuong Quoc Nguyen , Thi Kieu Anh Vo , Thi Thu Trang Nguyen , Quang Duong Pham , Thi Xuyen Nguyen , Thi Hong Cao , Quang De Tran , The Tam Le , Thi Hanh Do , Van Tan Chu , Thi Bich Hong Nguyen
A botanical nanoemulsion (NE) comprised of cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum cassia oil) and annonaceous acetogenin (AAs) (from Annona squamocin seeds extract) was fabricated using sonication. The nanoemulsion was tested for their in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium oxysporum the disease-causal agents in fruit and vegetable crops. The best average of nanoemulsion hydrodynamic diameter was 245.3 nm, and the polydispersity index (PI) was 0.499 based on DLS measurement. Zeta potential of the nanoemulsion was determined to be −44.2 mV, indicating the stability of the droplets. In vitro antifungal bioassay of the nanoemulsion showed the best inhibition against Colletotrichum sp. by 53.9 % when tested at a dilution rate of 1:100 (v/v). For F. oxysporum, the nanomaterial also inhibited mycelial growth by 91.6 % at the same dilution rate. When tested at dilution rates of 1:200 and 1:400 (v/v), the nanoemulsions caused moderate and weak inhibitions from 30.9 % to 52.8 % for all fungi. In vivo experiment, the nano-emulsion at 1:200 (v/v) dilution demonstrated an antifungal efficacy of 57.1 % (after 4 days) and 49.6 % (after 7 days) of testing. Besides, the mechanism of action has also been elucidated through molecular interaction models between the main compounds with eburicol 14α-demethylase. Our research indicates that botanical nanoemulsion containing cinnamon oil and AAs have a remarkable potential to suppress phytopathogenic fungi and prevent the spread of fungal diseases in tropical fruits and vegetables such as tomato and other crops of Solanaceae family.
{"title":"A botanical nanoemulsion against phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium oxysporum: Preparation, in vitro and in vivo bioassay","authors":"Quang Le Dang , Cuong Quoc Nguyen , Thi Kieu Anh Vo , Thi Thu Trang Nguyen , Quang Duong Pham , Thi Xuyen Nguyen , Thi Hong Cao , Quang De Tran , The Tam Le , Thi Hanh Do , Van Tan Chu , Thi Bich Hong Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A botanical nanoemulsion (NE) comprised of cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum cassia oil) and annonaceous acetogenin (AAs) (from Annona squamocin seeds extract) was fabricated using sonication. The nanoemulsion was tested for their in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium oxysporum the disease-causal agents in fruit and vegetable crops. The best average of nanoemulsion hydrodynamic diameter was 245.3 nm, and the polydispersity index (PI) was 0.499 based on DLS measurement. Zeta potential of the nanoemulsion was determined to be −44.2 mV, indicating the stability of the droplets. In vitro antifungal bioassay of the nanoemulsion showed the best inhibition against Colletotrichum sp. by 53.9 % when tested at a dilution rate of 1:100 (v/v). For F. oxysporum, the nanomaterial also inhibited mycelial growth by 91.6 % at the same dilution rate. When tested at dilution rates of 1:200 and 1:400 (v/v), the nanoemulsions caused moderate and weak inhibitions from 30.9 % to 52.8 % for all fungi. In vivo experiment, the nano-emulsion at 1:200 (v/v) dilution demonstrated an antifungal efficacy of 57.1 % (after 4 days) and 49.6 % (after 7 days) of testing. Besides, the mechanism of action has also been elucidated through molecular interaction models between the main compounds with eburicol 14α-demethylase. Our research indicates that botanical nanoemulsion containing cinnamon oil and AAs have a remarkable potential to suppress phytopathogenic fungi and prevent the spread of fungal diseases in tropical fruits and vegetables such as tomato and other crops of Solanaceae family.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2024.100100
Satya Singh , Parthkumar P. Dave , Neeraj Kumar Sethiya , Hardev Choudhary
Earias vittella (Fabricius, 1794) poses a significant threat to Okra production across Asia, Oceania, Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, potentially leading to over 60 % crop losses. Okra, a versatile crop with applications in various industries including pharmaceuticals and food, faces economic peril due to E. vittella infestation, impacting food security. Chemical control methods, while effective, have environmental and health impacts alongside fostering resistance and pest resurgence. Consequently, exploring plant-based alternatives for sustainable pest management has gained traction. This bibliometric study reviewed over 5780 reports published during 1980–2023 and reports 104 research articles selected as per predefined criteria of using plant based E. vittella management in Okra. A total of 108 plant species and their active phytoconstituents belonging to 39 botanical families have been used in different forms comprising of extracts, powders, essential oils, dusts and nanoformulations for E. vittella management in Okra. Their efficacy, impacts on various life parameters of pest, mechanisms of action and their implications in botanical formulation development are also discussed. The review also addresses bibliometric indicators, and the challenges hindering botanical formulations' development faced by various stakeholders. By offering a comprehensive understanding of plant-derived interventions' research landscape, this study aims to address knowledge gaps and provide essential insights for the development of cost-effective, eco-friendly plant-based pest management technologies, crucial for safeguarding Okra production, ultimately contributing to sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Plant-derivatives for the management of Earias vittella (Fabricius) (Nolidae: Lepidoptera): Current status, challenges, and future prospects","authors":"Satya Singh , Parthkumar P. Dave , Neeraj Kumar Sethiya , Hardev Choudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Earias vittella</em> (Fabricius, 1794) poses a significant threat to Okra production across Asia, Oceania, Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, potentially leading to over 60 % crop losses. Okra, a versatile crop with applications in various industries including pharmaceuticals and food, faces economic peril due to <em>E. vittella</em> infestation, impacting food security. Chemical control methods, while effective, have environmental and health impacts alongside fostering resistance and pest resurgence. Consequently, exploring plant-based alternatives for sustainable pest management has gained traction. This bibliometric study reviewed over 5780 reports published during 1980–2023 and reports 104 research articles selected as per predefined criteria of using plant based <em>E. vittella</em> management in Okra. A total of 108 plant species and their active phytoconstituents belonging to 39 botanical families have been used in different forms comprising of extracts, powders, essential oils, dusts and nanoformulations for <em>E. vittella</em> management in Okra. Their efficacy, impacts on various life parameters of pest, mechanisms of action and their implications in botanical formulation development are also discussed. The review also addresses bibliometric indicators, and the challenges hindering botanical formulations' development faced by various stakeholders. By offering a comprehensive understanding of plant-derived interventions' research landscape, this study aims to address knowledge gaps and provide essential insights for the development of cost-effective, eco-friendly plant-based pest management technologies, crucial for safeguarding Okra production, ultimately contributing to sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2024.100098
Muhammad Salman Hameed , Abdul Basit , Muhammad Humza , Nida Urooj , Muhammad Qasim , Muhammad Anwar
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is a globally important crop but often suffers from damage caused by sucking insect pests and various diseases. This study explores the effectiveness of microbial protein elicitors, such as PeaT1, PeBL1, Hrip1, and PeBA1, in managing Cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae). It investigates how these elicitors affect phytohormone pathways, including jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene, and examines their impact on leaf structures, particularly trichomes. The research offers a novel approach by thoroughly assessing the mechanisms through which microbial protein elicitors control cabbage aphids. It provides valuable insights into potential new strategies for pest management in agriculture. By clarifying how elicitors interact with aphids, this study contributes to developing sustainable pest control and crop protection methods.
{"title":"Evaluating microbial protein elicitors for managing Cabbage Aphids in Brassica oleracea","authors":"Muhammad Salman Hameed , Abdul Basit , Muhammad Humza , Nida Urooj , Muhammad Qasim , Muhammad Anwar","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cabbage (<em>Brassica oleracea</em>) is a globally important crop but often suffers from damage caused by sucking insect pests and various diseases. This study explores the effectiveness of microbial protein elicitors, such as PeaT1, PeBL1, Hrip1, and PeBA1, in managing Cabbage aphids (<em>Brevicoryne brassicae</em>). It investigates how these elicitors affect phytohormone pathways, including jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene, and examines their impact on leaf structures, particularly trichomes. The research offers a novel approach by thoroughly assessing the mechanisms through which microbial protein elicitors control cabbage aphids. It provides valuable insights into potential new strategies for pest management in agriculture. By clarifying how elicitors interact with aphids, this study contributes to developing sustainable pest control and crop protection methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2024.100103
Esmat A. El-Solimany , Antar A. Abdelhamid , Marwa Adel Thabet , Mohamed A. Gad
Using synthetic pesticides is the main strategy for controlling pests. However, these compounds have caused worry because of their harmful effects on health and their diminishing efficacy against pests that have developed resistance. Consequently, there is a growing interest in adopting more sustainable control methods. Stevia rebaudiana is a valuable medicinal plant used in the food industry for the production of steviol glycosides, a type of natural sweetener. An EO that could be useful for creating innovative insecticides may come from the industrially used plant biomass. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse the chemical composition of S. rebaudiana leaves. Sesquiterpenes, or caryophyllene oxide (20.7 %), spathulenol (14.9 %), and (E)-nerolidol (8.0 %), and diterpenes, or phytol (9.2 %), made up the majority of the EO composition. The efficacy of the EO major constituents, namely Phytol, (E)-nerolidol, Spathulenol, and Caryophyllene oxide, was also tested against S. frugiperda. Phytol was the most effective LC50 = 14.38 mg/L, followed by (E)-nerolidol LC50 = 15.88 mg/L, Spathulenol LC50 = 18.42 mg/L, and Caryophyllene oxide LC50 = 23.41 mg/L. Furthermore, some of the biological and histological features of the extracts were also studied in a lab setting. Overall, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) should be given more consideration in the development of environmentally safe and efficient pesticides.
{"title":"Effective and eco-friendly botanical insecticidal agents against Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) using the essential oil of Stevia rebaudiana","authors":"Esmat A. El-Solimany , Antar A. Abdelhamid , Marwa Adel Thabet , Mohamed A. Gad","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using synthetic pesticides is the main strategy for controlling pests. However, these compounds have caused worry because of their harmful effects on health and their diminishing efficacy against pests that have developed resistance. Consequently, there is a growing interest in adopting more sustainable control methods. <em>Stevia rebaudiana</em> is a valuable medicinal plant used in the food industry for the production of steviol glycosides, a type of natural sweetener. An EO that could be useful for creating innovative insecticides may come from the industrially used plant biomass. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse the chemical composition of <em>S. rebaudiana</em> leaves. Sesquiterpenes, or caryophyllene oxide (20.7 %), spathulenol (14.9 %), and (<em>E</em>)-nerolidol (8.0 %), and diterpenes, or phytol (9.2 %), made up the majority of the EO composition. The efficacy of the EO major constituents, namely Phytol, (<em>E</em>)-nerolidol, Spathulenol, and Caryophyllene oxide, was also tested against <em>S. frugiperda.</em> Phytol was the most effective LC<sub>50</sub> = 14.38 mg/L, followed by (<em>E</em>)-nerolidol LC<sub>50</sub> = 15.88 mg/L, Spathulenol LC<sub>50</sub> = 18.42 mg/L, and Caryophyllene oxide LC<sub>50</sub> = 23.41 mg/L. Furthermore, some of the biological and histological features of the extracts were also studied in a lab setting. Overall, <em>Stevia rebaudiana</em> (Bertoni) should be given more consideration in the development of environmentally safe and efficient pesticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2024.100102
Abraham Akuoli Issaka Ndebugri , Joseph Xorxe Kugbe , Samuel Adu-Acheampong , Rosina Kyerematen
Botanicals have been encouraged as substitutes for conventional pesticides to reduce the impact of the latter on the environment. In line with that, we studied the effects of two plant extracts in controlling Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) attacks on stored maize (Zea mays L. Poales: Poaceae). The experiment was conducted under a normal room temperature of 27⁰C to 30⁰C and relative humidity of 74–76 % in a completely randomized experimental design. We infested the stored maize seeds in glass jars with S. zeamais F1 under a 12-hour day and 12-hour night within 24 hours period. This was after 50 g of the seeds were mixed with 2 g each of the two botanicals separately in different glass jars. There were 5 treatments and 10 replications in total. The data taken for this study were quantitative. To ascertain the efficacy of the botanicals we compared the number of dead and live weevils, of seeds damage and weight loss caused by weevil attacks under each of the different treatments by determining percentage mortality, percent weight loss, seed damage and progeny production. Our results showed that the different botanical formulations significantly controlled S. zeamais population resulting in reduced damage, better protection and improved storage of maize seeds. However, there were no significant differences in protections offered between shade dried neem seed powder and rice husk powder although the latter was the most efficacious with 85 % mortality compared to the former with 65 % with sundried neem seed powder being the least with a little above 40 % mortality. We concluded from this study that the formulated botanicals were very effective in controlling S. zeamais populations and therefore recommended that it be used as a cost effective and environmentally friendly protection of stored maize against S. zeamais attacks, especially in rural poor areas and places known for continuous seed production and storage, such as the case of the study community.
{"title":"Two plant extracts protect stored maize against infestation of Sitophilus zeamais in Northern Ghana","authors":"Abraham Akuoli Issaka Ndebugri , Joseph Xorxe Kugbe , Samuel Adu-Acheampong , Rosina Kyerematen","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Botanicals have been encouraged as substitutes for conventional pesticides to reduce the impact of the latter on the environment. In line with that, we studied the effects of two plant extracts in controlling <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> Motsch (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) attacks on stored maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L. Poales: Poaceae). The experiment was conducted under a normal room temperature of 27⁰C to 30⁰C and relative humidity of 74–76 % in a completely randomized experimental design. We infested the stored maize seeds in glass jars with <em>S. zeamais</em> F<sub>1</sub> under a 12-hour day and 12-hour night within 24 hours period. This was after 50 g of the seeds were mixed with 2 g each of the two botanicals separately in different glass jars. There were 5 treatments and 10 replications in total. The data taken for this study were quantitative. To ascertain the efficacy of the botanicals we compared the number of dead and live weevils, of seeds damage and weight loss caused by weevil attacks under each of the different treatments by determining percentage mortality, percent weight loss, seed damage and progeny production. Our results showed that the different botanical formulations significantly controlled <em>S. zeamais</em> population resulting in reduced damage, better protection and improved storage of maize seeds. However, there were no significant differences in protections offered between shade dried neem seed powder and rice husk powder although the latter was the most efficacious with 85 % mortality compared to the former with 65 % with sundried neem seed powder being the least with a little above 40 % mortality. We concluded from this study that the formulated botanicals were very effective in controlling <em>S. zeamais</em> populations and therefore recommended that it be used as a cost effective and environmentally friendly protection of stored maize against <em>S. zeamais</em> attacks, especially in rural poor areas and places known for continuous seed production and storage, such as the case of the study community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2024.100096
Amal Hari , Rachid Lahlali , Ahmet Buğra Ortaakarsu , Noamane Taarji , Salah-Eddine Laasli , Khawla Karaaoui , Meryem Benjelloun , Wafae Ouchari , Mansour Sobeh , Ghizlane Echchgadda
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is one of the most devastating diseases to crops including potatoes. This fungus is widespread and dispersed via resistant spores. In this study, organic (methanol, hexane, and chloroform) and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of wild Origanum elongatum were tested against mycelium and spores of F. oxysporum in both in-vitro (using the poisoned food technique) and in-planta assays. Further, the chemical composition of the extract was identified via HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. Then, molecular modeling was used to clarify the antifungal activity of identified biomolecules. The obtained results showed that organic and aqueous extracts showed significant antifungal and anti-sporulation activities with different effectiveness depending on the extract, concentration, and application test. In in-vitro assays of the aqueous extract, the highest antifungal activity was recorded at concentrations of 10 mg mL−1, while the highest anti-sporulation activity (91.79 %) was observed at 50 mg mL−1. In the organic extracts, methanol was the most effective against fungus with 100 % inhibition of mycelium at 5 mg mL −1 and the highest anti-sporulation effect (73.58 %) at 20 mg mL−1. In in-planta assays, the methanolic extract at 20 mg mL−1 achieved 0 % disease severity, while the aqueous extract at 50 mg mL−1 reduced severity to 7 %, both significantly more effective than the untreated control. Therefore, methanol was the most effective and these biological properties are supported by a wide range of bioactive molecules, including 56 molecules compared to only 28 molecules in the aqueous extract. These include glycosides of apigenin and kaempferol and salvianolic acid b. However, more research is needed to clarify the inhibition action of the individual components and their synergetic actions in controlled and field conditions.
{"title":"Inhibitory effects of wild Origanum elongatum extracts on Fusarium oxysporum mycelium growth and spores germination: Evidence from in-vitro, in-planta, and in-silico experiments","authors":"Amal Hari , Rachid Lahlali , Ahmet Buğra Ortaakarsu , Noamane Taarji , Salah-Eddine Laasli , Khawla Karaaoui , Meryem Benjelloun , Wafae Ouchari , Mansour Sobeh , Ghizlane Echchgadda","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusarium</em> wilt, caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum,</em> is one of the most devastating diseases to crops including potatoes. This fungus is widespread and dispersed via resistant spores. In this study, organic (methanol, hexane, and chloroform) and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of wild <em>Origanum elongatum</em> were tested against mycelium and spores of <em>F. oxysporum</em> in both <em>in-vitro</em> (using the poisoned food technique) and <em>in-planta</em> assays. Further, the chemical composition of the extract was identified <em>via</em> HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. Then, molecular modeling was used to clarify the antifungal activity of identified biomolecules. The obtained results showed that organic and aqueous extracts showed significant antifungal and anti-sporulation activities with different effectiveness depending on the extract, concentration, and application test. In <em>in-vitro</em> assays of the aqueous extract, the highest antifungal activity was recorded at concentrations of 10 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>, while the highest anti-sporulation activity (91.79 %) was observed at 50 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>. In the organic extracts, methanol was the most effective against fungus with 100 % inhibition of mycelium at 5 mg mL <sup>−1</sup> and the highest anti-sporulation effect (73.58 %) at 20 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>. In <em>in-planta</em> assays, the methanolic extract at 20 mg mL<sup>−1</sup> achieved 0 % disease severity, while the aqueous extract at 50 mg mL<sup>−1</sup> reduced severity to 7 %, both significantly more effective than the untreated control. Therefore, methanol was the most effective and these biological properties are supported by a wide range of bioactive molecules, including 56 molecules compared to only 28 molecules in the aqueous extract. These include glycosides of apigenin and kaempferol and salvianolic acid b. However, more research is needed to clarify the inhibition action of the individual components and their synergetic actions in controlled and field conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2024.100097
Portia Osei-Obeng , Leonard Muriithi Kiirika , Aggrey Bernard Nyende
Fusarium wilt of tomatoes, caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici (FOL), is one of the devastating diseases of tomatoes, causing substantial economic losses worldwide. It is primarily controlled with chemical fungicides. The present study assessed the antifungal activity of citral against FOL under greenhouse conditions and investigated its effects on three plant defense genes: glucanase, chitinase, and thaumatin-like protein (TLP) using Real-time- quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Greenhouse experiments demonstrated that citral oil at 1024 and 512 µg/mL significantly reduced wilt severity from 61.7 % to 28.3 and 33.3 %, respectively. RT-qPCR results revealed that citral upregulates the expression of the three defense genes to varying extents, highlighting their role in resistance induction in tomatoes against FOL. Chitinase showed the highest differential expression with a 9.54-fold increase at 12 hours post-treatment (hpt), followed by TLP with a 6.96-fold increase at 12hpt, and glucanase with a 3.68-fold increase at 24hpt. These findings suggest citral is a promising biocontrol agent against fusarium wilt in tomatoes. However, field trials are recommended to validate these results under open field conditions.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of citral against Fusarium wilt in tomatoes and induction of the upregulation of glucanase, chitinase, and thaumatin-like protein plant defense genes","authors":"Portia Osei-Obeng , Leonard Muriithi Kiirika , Aggrey Bernard Nyende","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusarium</em> wilt of tomatoes, caused by the soil-borne fungus <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. <em>sp lycopersici</em> (FOL), is one of the devastating diseases of tomatoes, causing substantial economic losses worldwide. It is primarily controlled with chemical fungicides. The present study assessed the antifungal activity of citral against FOL under greenhouse conditions and investigated its effects on three plant defense genes: glucanase, chitinase, and thaumatin-like protein (TLP) using Real-time- quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Greenhouse experiments demonstrated that citral oil at 1024 and 512 µg/mL significantly reduced wilt severity from 61.7 % to 28.3 and 33.3 %, respectively. RT-qPCR results revealed that citral upregulates the expression of the three defense genes to varying extents, highlighting their role in resistance induction in tomatoes against FOL. Chitinase showed the highest differential expression with a 9.54-fold increase at 12 hours post-treatment (hpt), followed by TLP with a 6.96-fold increase at 12hpt, and glucanase with a 3.68-fold increase at 24hpt. These findings suggest citral is a promising biocontrol agent against fusarium wilt in tomatoes. However, field trials are recommended to validate these results under open field conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2024.100095
Jacinta Ngozi Akalazu , Chidi Edbert Duru
Tomato wilt, a widespread and persistent disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, can be effectively controlled through biological approaches, promoting ecosystem sustainability and enhancing agricultural productivity and quality. This study explored the use of empty oil palm fruit bunch (EOPFB) waste as a natural fungicide to control tomato Fusarium wilt disease through in vitro, pilot scale, and molecular docking experiments. EOPFB aqueous extract showed the highest mycelium growth inhibition of 68.3 %, with the commercial fungicide Mancozeb exhibiting a moderate 42.30 % inhibition, and sterile distilled water having a negligible effect of 0.24 %. The inhibition rate varied with concentration, peaking at 72.63 % at 0.15 g/mL and dropping to 54.80 % at 0.01 g/mL. In terms of wilt disease incidence and severity, EOPFB performed best, recording the lowest incidence of 47.20 % and severity of 15.58 %. Mancozeb followed closely, with an incidence of 46.30 % and severity of 26.23 %. Sterile distilled water, on the other hand, showed the highest incidence of 76.28 % and severity of 56.17 %. Molecular docking simulations corroborated the experimental results, validating the potency of EOPFB as an inhibitor of trypsin from F. oxysporum, and identifying 2-amino-5,6-dimethyl-3 H-pyrimidine-4-one as the primary active compound responsible for the fungicidal activity. This phytochemical, abundant in the crude ethanolic extract of EOPFB, was found to have a higher binding affinity (6.1 kcal/mol) than Mancozeb (4.8 kcal/mol), at the trypsin target. These findings demonstrate the potential of EOPFB, an agricultural waste product, as a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for managing tomato Fusarium wilt disease, contributing to increased tomato production. It also highlights the potential of 2-amino-5,6-dimethyl-3 H-pyrimidine-4-one as a lead compound for the development of novel, natural fungicides, and underscores the value of EOPFB as a rich source of bioactive compounds with agricultural and biotechnological applications.
{"title":"Novel Fungicide from Waste Oil Palm Fruit Bunch for Sustainable Management of Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum - experimental and in silico studies","authors":"Jacinta Ngozi Akalazu , Chidi Edbert Duru","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tomato wilt, a widespread and persistent disease caused by the fungus <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, can be effectively controlled through biological approaches, promoting ecosystem sustainability and enhancing agricultural productivity and quality. This study explored the use of empty oil palm fruit bunch (EOPFB) waste as a natural fungicide to control tomato Fusarium wilt disease through in vitro, pilot scale, and molecular docking experiments. EOPFB aqueous extract showed the highest mycelium growth inhibition of 68.3 %, with the commercial fungicide Mancozeb exhibiting a moderate 42.30 % inhibition, and sterile distilled water having a negligible effect of 0.24 %. The inhibition rate varied with concentration, peaking at 72.63 % at 0.15 g/mL and dropping to 54.80 % at 0.01 g/mL. In terms of wilt disease incidence and severity, EOPFB performed best, recording the lowest incidence of 47.20 % and severity of 15.58 %. Mancozeb followed closely, with an incidence of 46.30 % and severity of 26.23 %. Sterile distilled water, on the other hand, showed the highest incidence of 76.28 % and severity of 56.17 %. Molecular docking simulations corroborated the experimental results, validating the potency of EOPFB as an inhibitor of trypsin from <em>F. oxysporum</em>, and identifying 2-amino-5,6-dimethyl-3 H-pyrimidine-4-one as the primary active compound responsible for the fungicidal activity. This phytochemical, abundant in the crude ethanolic extract of EOPFB, was found to have a higher binding affinity (6.1 kcal/mol) than Mancozeb (4.8 kcal/mol), at the trypsin target. These findings demonstrate the potential of EOPFB, an agricultural waste product, as a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for managing tomato Fusarium wilt disease, contributing to increased tomato production. It also highlights the potential of 2-amino-5,6-dimethyl-3 H-pyrimidine-4-one as a lead compound for the development of novel, natural fungicides, and underscores the value of EOPFB as a rich source of bioactive compounds with agricultural and biotechnological applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277307862400030X/pdfft?md5=d2fe57967ed5b5f11a68980d743456b7&pid=1-s2.0-S277307862400030X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest cover of India aims to increase thirty three per cent by 2030 through planting trees outside forests boundaries, cultivating and breeding in private farmer’s wastelands. Despite efforts to boost greenery, approximately one million hectares of forest area are lost annually to insect pests, underscoring the need for effective pest management. Synthetic organic insecticides are widely used, with India accounting for 3 % of global pesticide usage, leading to environmental and health concerns. To address this, ecologically sound pest management strategies are imperative. Biological control, particularly using microorganisms, offers a promising approach. Endophytic fungi, found in commercially important tree species like Teak, Ailanthus, Red Sanders, and Gmelina, show potential for insect pest management. In this study, 112 endophytic fungi were isolated, with eight common across all species. Fourteen species, identified through molecular taxonomy, exhibit entomopathogenic properties, paving the way for the development of novel biopesticides.
{"title":"Fungal endophytes: A study on molecular taxonomy, nanoformulation, biophysical characterization and entomopathogenicity against insect pests of tropical timber trees In India","authors":"Natchiappan Senthilkumar, Sumathi Ramasamy, Suresh Babu Devaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest cover of India aims to increase thirty three per cent by 2030 through planting trees outside forests boundaries, cultivating and breeding in private farmer’s wastelands. Despite efforts to boost greenery, approximately one million hectares of forest area are lost annually to insect pests, underscoring the need for effective pest management. Synthetic organic insecticides are widely used, with India accounting for 3 % of global pesticide usage, leading to environmental and health concerns. To address this, ecologically sound pest management strategies are imperative. Biological control, particularly using microorganisms, offers a promising approach. Endophytic fungi, found in commercially important tree species like Teak, Ailanthus, Red Sanders, and Gmelina, show potential for insect pest management. In this study, 112 endophytic fungi were isolated, with eight common across all species. Fourteen species, identified through molecular taxonomy, exhibit entomopathogenic properties, paving the way for the development of novel biopesticides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773078624000293/pdfft?md5=c75eb92b1e7f41414cba6c0aaee1d461&pid=1-s2.0-S2773078624000293-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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