Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100118
Md. Amjad Patwary , M.A.K. Azad , Iftekhar Ahmad , Md. Kashem Ali , Jahid Hasan Shourove , Jenat Yeasmin , G.M. Rabiul Islam
In the realm of agricultural pest management, the exploration of eco-friendly solutions remains paramount. This study delves into the efficacy of botanical extracts derived from medicinal plants in combating thrips infestation on tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) in Bangladesh. Through meticulous experimentation, this study found Sapium indicum (Willd.) to be the most effective plant extract, followed by Ipomoea carnea (Jacq.) and Lantana camara where the LC50 values were recorded as 431.28 ppm, 590.83 ppm, and 1329.03 ppm, respectively after 24 h of exposure. Additionally, volatile compounds of S. indicum showed the highest thrips control efficacy, approximately on average 75 % mortality, while having the lowest CV. Notably, under optimized conditions of 24.4 h stirring time, 56.8 °C, and 54.8 % ethanol concentration, S. indicum extract achieved 89.55 % efficacy whereas leaving minimal soil residue (43.4 mg/kg), demonstrating both its potency and low environmental persistence. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to conduct chemotaxonomic analyses, revealing isobutyl tiglate as a particularly potent component, alongside 2-methyl-2propyl-1,3-propanediol, showcasing promising efficacy against tea thrips. These insights underscore the potential of botanical extracts as sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives for thrips management in agricultural ecosystems, while advocating for the integration of chemotaxonomic approaches in shaping effective pest control strategies.
{"title":"Effectiveness, characterization and optimization of botanical extracts: An ecofriendly approach for management of thrips infestation on tea in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Amjad Patwary , M.A.K. Azad , Iftekhar Ahmad , Md. Kashem Ali , Jahid Hasan Shourove , Jenat Yeasmin , G.M. Rabiul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the realm of agricultural pest management, the exploration of eco-friendly solutions remains paramount. This study delves into the efficacy of botanical extracts derived from medicinal plants in combating thrips infestation on tea plants (<em>Camellia sinensis</em> L.) in Bangladesh. Through meticulous experimentation, this study found <em>Sapium indicum</em> (Willd.) to be the most effective plant extract, followed by <em>Ipomoea carnea</em> (Jacq.) and <em>Lantana camara</em> where the LC<sub>50</sub> values were recorded as 431.28 ppm, 590.83 ppm, and 1329.03 ppm, respectively after 24 h of exposure. Additionally, volatile compounds of <em>S. indicum</em> showed the highest thrips control efficacy, approximately on average 75 % mortality, while having the lowest CV. Notably, under optimized conditions of 24.4 h stirring time, 56.8 °C, and 54.8 % ethanol concentration, <em>S. indicum</em> extract achieved 89.55 % efficacy whereas leaving minimal soil residue (43.4 mg/kg), demonstrating both its potency and low environmental persistence. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to conduct chemotaxonomic analyses, revealing isobutyl tiglate as a particularly potent component, alongside 2-methyl-2propyl-1,3-propanediol, showcasing promising efficacy against tea thrips. These insights underscore the potential of botanical extracts as sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives for thrips management in agricultural ecosystems, while advocating for the integration of chemotaxonomic approaches in shaping effective pest control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100115
Kamarshi Yashkamal , Dolly Kumar
Chemical insecticides have been the principal method of insect pest management in agroecosystems. Their effects on non-target organisms like beneficial insects and spiders have been varied and may affect the natural control of insect pests in the agroecosystems. In addition to mortality caused by insecticides, there are several subtle sublethal effects which also contribute long term effects on beneficial arthropods. Beneficial arthropods are more susceptible to chemical insecticides as against insect pests. In the present study, a social spider Stegodyphus sarasinorum found along the field margins of intensively managed agroecosystem was tested for novel mechanisms underlying its ability to tolerate high levels of pesticides. AChE activity was very high in topical exposure in all the agrochemicals tested, whereas in vial coating group only Glyphosate and Imidacloprid treatments produced significant AChE activity. GST and GSH activity was significantly high in Methomyl and Endosulfan in topical application and vial coating treatments. LPO levels were significantly lower in the treatments as compared to control. The study shows that this spider produces significantly high levels of metabolic enzymes, which may help in metabolic degradation of insecticide and herbicide.
{"title":"Impact of Insecticides and Herbicides on the antioxidant and detoxification enzymes of social spider Stegodyphussarasinorum L., a non-target macroinvertebrate predator","authors":"Kamarshi Yashkamal , Dolly Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical insecticides have been the principal method of insect pest management in agroecosystems. Their effects on non-target organisms like beneficial insects and spiders have been varied and may affect the natural control of insect pests in the agroecosystems. In addition to mortality caused by insecticides, there are several subtle sublethal effects which also contribute long term effects on beneficial arthropods. Beneficial arthropods are more susceptible to chemical insecticides as against insect pests. In the present study, a social spider <em>Stegodyphus sarasinorum</em> found along the field margins of intensively managed agroecosystem was tested for novel mechanisms underlying its ability to tolerate high levels of pesticides. AChE activity was very high in topical exposure in all the agrochemicals tested, whereas in vial coating group only Glyphosate and Imidacloprid treatments produced significant AChE activity. GST and GSH activity was significantly high in Methomyl and Endosulfan in topical application and vial coating treatments. LPO levels were significantly lower in the treatments as compared to control. The study shows that this spider produces significantly high levels of metabolic enzymes, which may help in metabolic degradation of insecticide and herbicide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100120
Milton C. Soto-Barajas , Denisse Archundia , Oscar G.R. Martínez , Esaú López , Joseph Almazan , Blanca Prado
Biopesticides are composed of natural elements such as microorganisms and their metabolites. Currently, these substances have gained popularity and are used in sustainable production models including organic agriculture and integrated pest management, which are characterized by partially or completely avoiding inputs of synthetic origin. There is a general belief that biopesticides are less harmful than chemical pesticides, due to their natural origin, low persistence, and lower toxicity. Nevertheless, specific biological compounds utilized as biopesticides have been reported to induce unintended effects, including the emergence of resistance in targeted species, disruptions to soil microbiota, and interference with soil enzymatic activity. Although certain aspects of these phenomena have been studied, there are still numerous uncertainties surrounding their interaction with soil, their subsequent destiny, and their environmental impact. Moreover, considering the growing prevalence of substances that have the potential to be used as commercial biopesticides and the worldwide increase in their utilization, it is imperative to conduct additional analyses. This literature review explores the current research on biopesticides, specifically their effects on soil environments and examines current methods of analysis and approaches for their quantification in soil samples.
{"title":"Current and future perspectives on biopesticides analysis in soil","authors":"Milton C. Soto-Barajas , Denisse Archundia , Oscar G.R. Martínez , Esaú López , Joseph Almazan , Blanca Prado","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biopesticides are composed of natural elements such as microorganisms and their metabolites. Currently, these substances have gained popularity and are used in sustainable production models including organic agriculture and integrated pest management, which are characterized by partially or completely avoiding inputs of synthetic origin. There is a general belief that biopesticides are less harmful than chemical pesticides, due to their natural origin, low persistence, and lower toxicity. Nevertheless, specific biological compounds utilized as biopesticides have been reported to induce unintended effects, including the emergence of resistance in targeted species, disruptions to soil microbiota, and interference with soil enzymatic activity. Although certain aspects of these phenomena have been studied, there are still numerous uncertainties surrounding their interaction with soil, their subsequent destiny, and their environmental impact. Moreover, considering the growing prevalence of substances that have the potential to be used as commercial biopesticides and the worldwide increase in their utilization, it is imperative to conduct additional analyses. This literature review explores the current research on biopesticides, specifically their effects on soil environments and examines current methods of analysis and approaches for their quantification in soil samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100121
M. Jacob Schrader , Gajanan S. Kothawade , Basavaraj R. Amogi , Elizabeth Beers , Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel , Lav R. Khot
This study evaluated mortality of winterform pear psylla after treatment with four commercially available horticultural oils delivered in both heated and non-heated sprays. The aim was not to compare efficacy of the oil products, rather validate previous studies reported on efficacy of heated oil spray (HO) using various oils. Furthermore, this study aimed to validate fumigation effects of heating oils through additional investigation of the efficacy of a heated water spray (HW) treatment. Four oil products – Cinnerate®, Thyme Guard®, Purely Green Bio-Pesticide and PureSpray™ Green – were tested at minimum label recommended concentrations. For each oil product, the following treatments were conducted: 1) untreated control, 2) HW spray, 3) unheated oil (UO) spray, and 4) HO spray. Each treatment was replicated 5 times against winterform adult pear psylla in a bioassay format. The spray was applied using a single hollow cone nozzle (D8DC45, VMD = 165 μm) at 0.3 and 0.6 m from the target organism. Mortality was evaluated at 24 hours after spray. Regardless of oil product, when applied at 0.3 m from the psylla, the mortality response for HO was not different from HW, but both had significantly higher mortality than the control. At 0.6 m from the nozzle, HW failed to increase psylla mortality relative to the control. However, Purely Green Bio-Pesticide, significantly increased psylla mortality relative to the HW treatment, but heating this specific oil did not alter its efficacy. Similarly, remaining pesticide products failed to show significant difference between HO and UO applications at 0.6 m. Overall, spray distance appears to be a limiting factor for successful delivery of a heated spray, and that tested oils did not improve their efficacy with heating.
{"title":"Efficacy of horticultural oil(s) thermotherapy towards pear psylla suppression","authors":"M. Jacob Schrader , Gajanan S. Kothawade , Basavaraj R. Amogi , Elizabeth Beers , Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel , Lav R. Khot","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated mortality of winterform pear psylla after treatment with four commercially available horticultural oils delivered in both heated and non-heated sprays. The aim was not to compare efficacy of the oil products, rather validate previous studies reported on efficacy of heated oil spray (HO) using various oils. Furthermore, this study aimed to validate fumigation effects of heating oils through additional investigation of the efficacy of a heated water spray (HW) treatment. Four oil products – Cinnerate®, Thyme Guard®, Purely Green Bio-Pesticide and PureSpray™ Green – were tested at minimum label recommended concentrations. For each oil product, the following treatments were conducted: 1) untreated control, 2) HW spray, 3) unheated oil (UO) spray, and 4) HO spray. Each treatment was replicated 5 times against winterform adult pear psylla in a bioassay format. The spray was applied using a single hollow cone nozzle (D8DC45, VMD = 165 μm) at 0.3 and 0.6 m from the target organism. Mortality was evaluated at 24 hours after spray. Regardless of oil product, when applied at 0.3 m from the psylla, the mortality response for HO was not different from HW, but both had significantly higher mortality than the control. At 0.6 m from the nozzle, HW failed to increase psylla mortality relative to the control. However, Purely Green Bio-Pesticide, significantly increased psylla mortality relative to the HW treatment, but heating this specific oil did not alter its efficacy. Similarly, remaining pesticide products failed to show significant difference between HO and UO applications at 0.6 m. Overall, spray distance appears to be a limiting factor for successful delivery of a heated spray, and that tested oils did not improve their efficacy with heating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100119
Zakia K. Elkhiat (Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft) , Aly F. Aly (Writing – review & editing, Supervision) , Heba H. Fahmy (Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft) , Hosny M. Raddy (Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Investigation)
The bioactive, eco-friendly nematicides found in plant extracts with nematicidal activity on Meloidogyne spp. contribute to decreasing crop damage caused by root-knot nematodes, which are one of the gravest risks to human health and the environment. The present study investigated the nematicidal potential of solvent extracts obtained from Melia azedarach leaves, formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and oil-in-water emulsions (EW) using eco-friendly solvents and surfactants. The crude extracts were analyzed through phytochemical qualitative tests and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which identified notable quantities of eight terpenoids, including phytol (2-hexadecen-1-ol) 17.33 %, neophytadiene 12.91 %, 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecenol 20.59 %, and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid mono(2-ethylhexyl 32.22 %. Additionally, the compositions included steroids such as gamma-sitosterol 2.30 %, long-chain fatty acid hexadecanoic acid 14.31 %, and two flavonoids, wogonin methyl ether 4.69 % and lupinifolin 5.77 %, all recognized for their nematicidal properties. Both formulations (EC and EW) demonstrated high stability across diverse storage conditions in all physical properties, such as viscosity, surface tension, density, and flash point, with good limitations for spray solutions such as foam, emulsion stability, conductivity, and pH. In vitro assessments of nematicidal activity indicated that the EC formulation was more effective against the second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita than the EW formulation of the same extracts. In particular, the LH10 % EC formulation exhibited the highest nematicidal toxicity, with an LC50 value of 47.95 μg ml−1 after 48 hours of exposure. Pot experiments further showed that all treatments significantly reduced nematode infections compared to untreated controls. Notably, both hexane extract formulations, LH10 % EC and LH10 % EW, achieved the greatest reductions in tomato root galls (93.75 % and 87.5 %, respectively) and J2 hatching in soil (56.07 % and 54.78 %, respectively). Additionally, all treatments improved the growth parameters of tomato plants compared to untreated controls. These findings highlight the potential of eco-friendly materials in nematode management programs as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical nematicides.
{"title":"Evaluation of different leaf extracts of Melia azedarach formulations on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infesting tomato plant in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Zakia K. Elkhiat (Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft) , Aly F. Aly (Writing – review & editing, Supervision) , Heba H. Fahmy (Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft) , Hosny M. Raddy (Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Investigation)","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bioactive, eco-friendly nematicides found in plant extracts with nematicidal activity on <em>Meloidogyne spp</em>. contribute to decreasing crop damage caused by root-knot nematodes, which are one of the gravest risks to human health and the environment. The present study investigated the nematicidal potential of solvent extracts obtained from <em>Melia azedarach</em> leaves, formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and oil-in-water emulsions (EW) using eco-friendly solvents and surfactants. The crude extracts were analyzed through phytochemical qualitative tests and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which identified notable quantities of eight terpenoids, including phytol (2-hexadecen-1-ol) 17.33 %, neophytadiene 12.91 %, 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecenol 20.59 %, and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid mono(2-ethylhexyl 32.22 %. Additionally, the compositions included steroids such as gamma-sitosterol 2.30 %, long-chain fatty acid hexadecanoic acid 14.31 %, and two flavonoids, wogonin methyl ether 4.69 % and lupinifolin 5.77 %, all recognized for their nematicidal properties. Both formulations (EC and EW) demonstrated high stability across diverse storage conditions in all physical properties, such as viscosity, surface tension, density, and flash point, with good limitations for spray solutions such as foam, emulsion stability, conductivity, and pH. <em>In vitro</em> assessments of nematicidal activity indicated that the EC formulation was more effective against the second-stage juveniles (J2) of <em>M. incognita</em> than the EW formulation of the same extracts. In particular, the LH10 % EC formulation exhibited the highest nematicidal toxicity, with an LC<sub>50</sub> value of 47.95 μg ml<sup>−1</sup> after 48 hours of exposure. Pot experiments further showed that all treatments significantly reduced nematode infections compared to untreated controls. Notably, both hexane extract formulations, LH10 % EC and LH10 % EW, achieved the greatest reductions in tomato root galls (93.75 % and 87.5 %, respectively) and J<sub>2</sub> hatching in soil (56.07 % and 54.78 %, respectively). Additionally, all treatments improved the growth parameters of tomato plants compared to untreated controls. These findings highlight the potential of eco-friendly materials in nematode management programs as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical nematicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100117
Victor Pena Ribeiro , Joanna Bajsa-Hirschel , Prabin Tamang , Marcuslene D. Harries , Kumudini M. Meepagala
The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture has raised concerns due to their environmental impact, development of resistant pest strains, and potential health risks. As a result, interest in safer alternative compounds for pest management is increasing. Fungal secondary metabolites, renowned for their structural diversity and biological activities, have emerged as promising alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The utilization of these natural compounds offers a sustainable approach to managing agricultural pests. This study investigates the chemical composition and biological activities of secondary metabolites isolated from a Curvularia spp., focusing on their phytotoxic and antifungal properties. Seven compounds—tyrosol, phenethyl alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol, tyramine, and N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide—were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus, marking the first report of these metabolites in Curvularia species. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated significant phytotoxicity against Agrostis stolonifera, a monocot, with tyrosol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde identified as the active compounds. Additionally, phenethyl alcohol and N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide exhibited antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae, the causative agent of strawberry anthracnose. These findings support the potential of Curvularia spp. as a source of bioactive compounds with applications in agriculture and plant disease management for sustainable crop protection strategies.
{"title":"Bioactive secondary metabolites from Curvularia spp.: Natural alternatives for pest management in agriculture","authors":"Victor Pena Ribeiro , Joanna Bajsa-Hirschel , Prabin Tamang , Marcuslene D. Harries , Kumudini M. Meepagala","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture has raised concerns due to their environmental impact, development of resistant pest strains, and potential health risks. As a result, interest in safer alternative compounds for pest management is increasing. Fungal secondary metabolites, renowned for their structural diversity and biological activities, have emerged as promising alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The utilization of these natural compounds offers a sustainable approach to managing agricultural pests. This study investigates the chemical composition and biological activities of secondary metabolites isolated from a <em>Curvularia spp.</em>, focusing on their phytotoxic and antifungal properties. Seven compounds—tyrosol, phenethyl alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol, tyramine, and <em>N</em>-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide—were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus, marking the first report of these metabolites in Curvularia species. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated significant phytotoxicity against <em>Agrostis stolonifera</em>, a monocot, with tyrosol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde identified as the active compounds. Additionally, phenethyl alcohol and N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide exhibited antifungal activity against <em>Colletotrichum fragariae</em>, the causative agent of strawberry anthracnose. These findings support the potential of <em>Curvularia spp</em>. as a source of bioactive compounds with applications in agriculture and plant disease management for sustainable crop protection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (R. solani) is the causative agent of the infection of sheath blight disease, which has harmful effects on rice (Oryzae sativa) cultivation in Sri Lanka. The approach to combating the disease by applying fungicide is expensive and builds a hazardous environment for humankind, fauna and flora. The present study aimed to assess the in vitro antifungal activity of extracts of Calatropis gigantea (L.) W.T.Aiton (giant milkweed), Antigonon leptopus Hook. and Arn. (coral vine), and Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaves and flowers against R. solani to control the sheath blight disease in rice cultivation. To substantiate the antifungal properties, various chemical tests were performed on the dry powder of the leaves and flowers to detect certain phytochemicals, including glycosides, tannins, saponins, proteins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenol. The extraction process was done by using different solvents, such as hexane, acetone and distilled water. Stock solutions were prepared by adding 10 ml of the solvent to the crude extracts. The antifungal assay and finding the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) value were performed using the poisoned food technique and IC 50 and IC 90 values were calculated by probit analysis. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (one way ANOVA and DMRT test) at 0.05 significant level. The majority of tested phytochemicals were found in the leaves and flowers. Compared to the hexane extracts of the studied weed species, acetone and distilled water extracts demonstrated antifungal activity against R. solani and the acetone extract of the flowers of A. leptopus exhibited the strongest antifungal properties. The acetone extract of A. leptopus flowers had the MIC value of 4.85 mg/ml, and IC 50 and IC 90 values were 1.74 mg/ml and 4.66 mg/ml, respectively. More than 60 % of growth inhibition was reported by the distilled water extract of the leaves of A. leptopus and P. hysterophorus and these extracts can be applied as a homemade fungicide. The acetone extract of the flowers of A. leptopus is an appropriate agent to scrutinize the potential of formulating a novel bio fungicide to manage sheath blight disease in rice cultivation.
{"title":"In vitro analysis of antifungal activity of the selected weed species against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn","authors":"Sanduni Iresha Vimalaveera , Jeyagowri Nimalan , Ashoka Gamage , Othmane Merah , Terrence Madhujith","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fungus <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> Kuhn (<em>R. solani</em>) is the causative agent of the infection of sheath blight disease, which has harmful effects on rice (<em>Oryzae sativa</em>) cultivation in Sri Lanka<em>.</em> The approach to combating the disease by applying fungicide is expensive and builds a hazardous environment for humankind, fauna and flora. The present study aimed to assess the <em>in vitro</em> antifungal activity of extracts of <em>Calatropis gigantea</em> (L.) W.T.Aiton (giant milkweed), <em>Antigonon leptopus</em> Hook. and Arn. (coral vine), and <em>Parthenium hysterophorus</em> L. leaves and flowers against <em>R. solani</em> to control the sheath blight disease in rice cultivation. To substantiate the antifungal properties, various chemical tests were performed on the dry powder of the leaves and flowers to detect certain phytochemicals, including glycosides, tannins, saponins, proteins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenol. The extraction process was done by using different solvents, such as hexane, acetone and distilled water. Stock solutions were prepared by adding 10 ml of the solvent to the crude extracts. The antifungal assay and finding the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) value were performed using the poisoned food technique and IC 50 and IC 90 values were calculated by probit analysis. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (one way ANOVA and DMRT test) at 0.05 significant level. The majority of tested phytochemicals were found in the leaves and flowers. Compared to the hexane extracts of the studied weed species, acetone and distilled water extracts demonstrated antifungal activity against <em>R. solani</em> and the acetone extract of the flowers of <em>A. leptopus</em> exhibited the strongest antifungal properties. The acetone extract of <em>A. leptopus</em> flowers had the MIC value of 4.85 mg/ml, and IC 50 and IC 90 values were 1.74 mg/ml and 4.66 mg/ml, respectively. More than 60 % of growth inhibition was reported by the distilled water extract of the leaves of <em>A. leptopus</em> and <em>P. hysterophorus</em> and these extracts can be applied as a homemade fungicide. The acetone extract of the flowers of <em>A. leptopus</em> is an appropriate agent to scrutinize the potential of formulating a novel bio fungicide to manage sheath blight disease in rice cultivation<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.napere.2025.100113
Subramanian Arivoli , Samuel Tennyson
The threat posed by mosquitoes has long been a problem in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Numerous initiatives have been launched to combat mosquitoes, and studies on plant-based products that inhibit mosquito vectors have been proposed as potential substitutes for the widely used synthetic chemical insecticides that are harmful to non-target creatures, human health, and the environment. In this study, the larvicidal efficacy of solvent (hexane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) leaf extracts of Indian plants from 44 different families, 83 genera, and 100 species was tested at 1000 mg/L concentration against the early third instar of Anopheles stephensi, the protozoan parasite that causes malaria. Asteraceae family reported highest larvicidal activity with 38.8 %, followed by Fabaceae (27.4 %) and Piperaceae (24.0 %). Thereafter, the extracts of each promising plant (solvent extracts of plants that exhibited 100 % mortality) were tested at lower concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/L for 24 and 48 h. All solvent extracts of Piper longum, Piper nigrum, Piper sarmentosum, Tagetes erecta and Tagetes minuta showed 100 % larval mortality, hence were chosen as the promising plants for further study. LC50 values < 100 mg/L were reported by the diethyl ether, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Piper nigrum; ethyl acetate extract of Piper sarmentosum; and by the diethyl ether and dichloromethane extracts of Tagetes minuta. For Piper extracts, the dominant phytocompounds identified by GC-MS analysis were limonene, asaricin, phytol, β-asarone, piperine, pipericine, stearic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, and piperitone; for Tagetes extracts, the dominant phytocompound was piperitone. The larvicidal property of Piper extracts be due to the action of fatty acids and alkaloids present in them, and for Tagetes extracts, due to the presence of flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. Further, the present study has documented the first scientific report on the larvicidal activity of Piper sarmentosum leaf extracts against Anopheles stephensi.
{"title":"Evaluation and toxicity of Indian plant extracts to the larvae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi Liston 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"Subramanian Arivoli , Samuel Tennyson","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The threat posed by mosquitoes has long been a problem in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Numerous initiatives have been launched to combat mosquitoes, and studies on plant-based products that inhibit mosquito vectors have been proposed as potential substitutes for the widely used synthetic chemical insecticides that are harmful to non-target creatures, human health, and the environment. In this study, the larvicidal efficacy of solvent (hexane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) leaf extracts of Indian plants from 44 different families, 83 genera, and 100 species was tested at 1000 mg/L concentration against the early third instar of <em>Anopheles stephensi</em>, the protozoan parasite that causes malaria. Asteraceae family reported highest larvicidal activity with 38.8 %, followed by Fabaceae (27.4 %) and Piperaceae (24.0 %). Thereafter, the extracts of each promising plant (solvent extracts of plants that exhibited 100 % mortality) were tested at lower concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/L for 24 and 48 h. All solvent extracts of <em>Piper longum</em>, <em>Piper nigrum</em>, <em>Piper sarmentosum</em>, <em>Tagetes erecta</em> and <em>Tagetes minuta</em> showed 100 % larval mortality, hence were chosen as the promising plants for further study. LC<sub>50</sub> values < 100 mg/L were reported by the diethyl ether, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of <em>Piper nigrum</em>; ethyl acetate extract of <em>Piper sarmentosum</em>; and by the diethyl ether and dichloromethane extracts of <em>Tagetes minuta</em>. For <em>Piper</em> extracts, the dominant phytocompounds identified by GC-MS analysis were limonene, asaricin, phytol, β-asarone, piperine, pipericine, stearic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, and piperitone; for <em>Tagetes</em> extracts, the dominant phytocompound was piperitone. The larvicidal property of <em>Piper</em> extracts be due to the action of fatty acids and alkaloids present in them, and for <em>Tagetes</em> extracts, due to the presence of flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. Further, the present study has documented the first scientific report on the larvicidal activity of <em>Piper sarmentosum</em> leaf extracts against <em>Anopheles stephensi</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The repeated use of synthetic pesticides has raised concerns regarding their harmful impact on non-target organisms, environment as well as human health. Research therefore, needs to be directed towards finding non-toxic, environment friendly natural products for managing insect pests. The Brassicaceae family is highly enriched with glucosinolates, an important class of plant secondary metabolites. Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), commonly known as melon fruit fly, is a major cucurbit pest responsible for extensive losses in crop yield. In the present study, seeds of Brassica juncea (L.) (Czern.) were extracted, analysed through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and further investigated for their antibiosis influence on B. cucurbitae larvae. Results revealed that hot extracts B. juncea had a considerably greater inhibitory effect on larval growth and development than the cold extracts. Deterrent effect of hot extracts was also observed on oviposition which was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner in the females of B. cucurbitae. The findings revealed a considerable anti-insect potential of hot extract of B. juncea against B. cucurbitae larvae.
{"title":"Exploration of growth inhibitory and oviposition deterrent behaviour of Brassica juncea seed extracts against Bactrocera cucurbitae","authors":"Shallina Gupta, Satwinder Kaur Sohal, Fnu Samiksha","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The repeated use of synthetic pesticides has raised concerns regarding their harmful impact on non-target organisms, environment as well as human health. Research therefore, needs to be directed towards finding non-toxic, environment friendly natural products for managing insect pests. The Brassicaceae family is highly enriched with glucosinolates, an important class of plant secondary metabolites. <em>Bactrocera cucurbitae</em> (Coquillett), commonly known as melon fruit fly, is a major cucurbit pest responsible for extensive losses in crop yield. In the present study, seeds of <em>Brassica juncea</em> (L.) (Czern.) were extracted, analysed through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and further investigated for their antibiosis influence on <em>B. cucurbitae</em> larvae. Results revealed that hot extracts <em>B. juncea</em> had a considerably greater inhibitory effect on larval growth and development than the cold extracts. Deterrent effect of hot extracts was also observed on oviposition which was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner in the females of <em>B. cucurbitae</em>. The findings revealed a considerable anti-insect potential of hot extract of <em>B. juncea</em> against <em>B. cucurbitae</em> larvae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Typically, the active ingredients of plant extracts vary depending on the cultivation region and the solvent polarity. This research aimed to compare the control efficiency of the topical application of Piper retrofractum extracts from seventeen cultivar areas using two solvents, ethanol, and hexane on Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera litura. Our study revealed that the hexane crude extract had the highest toxicity on both species (LC50 ∼ 2516 and 4325 ppm for S. frugiperda and S. litura, respectively). In addition, P. retrofractum from the northeastern area, especially from Bueng Kan Province, had the highest toxicity to S. frugiperda and S. litura (LD50∼38.38 and 58.38 ppm, respectively). The extract from this province also showed toxicity to both species, which was not different from that of synthetic pesticides in the greenhouse. The control efficiency of P. retrofractum extracts on S. frugiperda and S. litura depended on their cultivar areas and solvent polarity. These results will be useful as information for developing this plant as a botanical pesticide.
{"title":"Extraction solvents and geographical origins of Piper retrofractum on the control efficiency of Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera frugiperda in laboratory and greenhouse conditions","authors":"Nattarat Tipsut , Nutchaya Kumrungsee , Lalita Pimsawang , Veeravat Changkeb , Wanchai Pluempanupat , Tanapon Chaisan , Vasakorn Bullangpoti","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2025.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Typically, the active ingredients of plant extracts vary depending on the cultivation region and the solvent polarity. This research aimed to compare the control efficiency of the topical application of <em>Piper retrofractum</em> extracts from seventeen cultivar areas using two solvents, ethanol, and hexane on <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> and <em>Spodoptera litura</em>. Our study revealed that the hexane crude extract had the highest toxicity on both species (LC50 ∼ 2516 and 4325 ppm for <em>S. frugiperda</em> and <em>S. litura</em>, respectively). In addition, <em>P. retrofractum</em> from the northeastern area, especially from Bueng Kan Province, had the highest toxicity to <em>S. frugiperda</em> and <em>S. litura</em> (LD50∼38.38 and 58.38 ppm, respectively). The extract from this province also showed toxicity to both species, which was not different from that of synthetic pesticides in the greenhouse. The control efficiency of <em>P. retrofractum</em> extracts on <em>S. frugiperda</em> and <em>S. litura</em> depended on their cultivar areas and solvent polarity. These results will be useful as information for developing this plant as a botanical pesticide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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