Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment最新文献_第9页

A large-scale survey reveals agro-ecological factors influence spatio-temporal distribution and epidemics of maize leaf blight: Implications for prioritizing sustainable management options 大规模调查揭示了影响玉米叶枯病时空分布和流行的农业生态因素：优先考虑可持续管理方案的意义

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12070

Habtamu Terefe, Getachew G. Mengesha, Getnet Yitayih, Girma A. Bogale

Introduction

Productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) is predominantly constrained by diseases, weeds, and insect pests. The northern leaf blight (NLB) disease, caused by Exserohilum turcicum, inflicts significant maize yield losses in the tropics and humid tropics, including Ethiopia. A large-scale field survey was conducted to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of maize NLB in southern Ethiopia, and to determine the association of maize farming practices and agro-ecological factors with NLB epidemics during 2016–2019.

Materials and Methods

A total of 814 maize farms were assessed in 12 major maize-producing districts. During the assessment, data related to the disease, crop, farming practices and agro-ecological factors were collected. The associations of disease severity with independent factors were determined using the ordinal logistic regression model.

Results

The results showed that all studied districts and zones recorded high (≥85%) NLB prevalence over the 4 years, and the disease continues to be a major threat to maize production. Variable disease severity was recorded across districts/zones during the study periods. The highest (75.45%) mean severity was recorded from Boreda, followed by Konso (75.36%), Bonke (71.61%) and Derashe (71.30%), while Mihirab Abaya (33.25%) and Arba Minch (38.285%) districts recorded the lowest mean severity. In the multiple regression model, zone, altitude, cropping year, land preparation, NPS fertilization, weeding practice, growth stage and cropping system were highly significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with disease severity.

Conclusion

Maize cultivation at an altitude of ≤1500 m with intermediate to good weeding practices, recommended NPS (51–100 kg ha^–1) fertilization, mixed- and intercropping systems, sparse plant (≤20 plants m^‒2) population, and vegetative to blistering growth stages had significant relationships with low (≤25, 26%–50%) disease severity, and can be considered as management options to reduce NLB pressure and yield losses to sustainably ensure maize production and productivity.

引言玉米（Zea mays L.）的产量主要受疾病、杂草和虫害的制约。由 Exserohilum turcicum 引起的北方叶枯病（NLB）给包括埃塞俄比亚在内的热带和湿热带地区的玉米产量造成了重大损失。为了评估埃塞俄比亚南部玉米NLB的时空分布情况，并确定2016-2019年间玉米耕作方式和农业生态因素与NLB流行的关联性，我们开展了一项大规模的田间调查。材料与方法在 12 个主要玉米生产区共评估了 814 个玉米农场。评估期间，收集了与病害、作物、耕作方式和农业生态因素相关的数据。使用序数逻辑回归模型确定了病害严重程度与独立因素之间的关系。结果结果表明，所有研究的地区和区域在 4 年中都记录了较高的（≥85%）NLB 发病率，该疾病仍然是玉米生产的主要威胁。在研究期间，各地区的病害严重程度不一。Boreda 的平均严重程度最高（75.45%），其次是 Konso（75.36%）、Bonke（71.61%）和 Derashe（71.30%），而 Mihirab Abaya（33.25%）和 Arba Minch（38.285%）地区的平均严重程度最低。在多元回归模型中，地区、海拔高度、种植年份、整地、NPS 施肥、除草方法、生长阶段和种植制度与病害严重程度有显著相关性（p < 0.0001）。结论在海拔≤1500 米的地区种植玉米，采用中等至良好的除草方法、推荐的 NPS 施肥量（51-100 千克/公顷）、混作和间作系统、稀疏植株（≤20 株/米-2）数量、无性至水泡生长阶段与低病害严重程度（≤25%、26%-50%）有显著关系，可作为减少 NLB 压力和产量损失的管理选择，以持续确保玉米产量和生产率。

{"title":"A large-scale survey reveals agro-ecological factors influence spatio-temporal distribution and epidemics of maize leaf blight: Implications for prioritizing sustainable management options","authors":"Habtamu Terefe, Getachew G. Mengesha, Getnet Yitayih, Girma A. Bogale","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Productivity of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is predominantly constrained by diseases, weeds, and insect pests. The northern leaf blight (NLB) disease, caused by <i>Exserohilum turcicum</i>, inflicts significant maize yield losses in the tropics and humid tropics, including Ethiopia. A large-scale field survey was conducted to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of maize NLB in southern Ethiopia, and to determine the association of maize farming practices and agro-ecological factors with NLB epidemics during 2016–2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 814 maize farms were assessed in 12 major maize-producing districts. During the assessment, data related to the disease, crop, farming practices and agro-ecological factors were collected. The associations of disease severity with independent factors were determined using the ordinal logistic regression model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that all studied districts and zones recorded high (≥85%) NLB prevalence over the 4 years, and the disease continues to be a major threat to maize production. Variable disease severity was recorded across districts/zones during the study periods. The highest (75.45%) mean severity was recorded from Boreda, followed by Konso (75.36%), Bonke (71.61%) and Derashe (71.30%), while Mihirab Abaya (33.25%) and Arba Minch (38.285%) districts recorded the lowest mean severity. In the multiple regression model, zone, altitude, cropping year, land preparation, NPS fertilization, weeding practice, growth stage and cropping system were highly significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) associated with disease severity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize cultivation at an altitude of ≤1500 m with intermediate to good weeding practices, recommended NPS (51–100 kg ha<sup>–1</sup>) fertilization, mixed- and intercropping systems, sparse plant (≤20 plants m<sup>‒2</sup>) population, and vegetative to blistering growth stages had significant relationships with low (≤25, 26%–50%) disease severity, and can be considered as management options to reduce NLB pressure and yield losses to sustainably ensure maize production and productivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"513-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microdosing of nitrogen fertiliser and cattle manure under in situ rainwater harvesting to improve maize production in smallholder farming system in a semiarid area of Zimbabwe 在津巴布韦半干旱地区原地雨水收集系统下微量施用氮肥和牛粪以提高小农耕作系统的玉米产量

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12071

Andrew T. Kugedera, Letticia K. Kokerai

Introduction

Maize production in smallholder farmers located in semiarid areas of Zimbabwe are mainly constrained by soil moisture and nutrient stress. Moisture stress is mainly due to erratic rainfall, high rates of evapotranspiration and limited knowledge of the use of in situ rainwater harvesting (IRWH) techniques. Tied ridges (TRs) are one of the best IRWH techniques which have good potential in mitigating climate change.

Materials and Methods

The study used TR, planting pit (PP) and conventional tillage (CT) as main factors and four rates (0, 29.25, 58.5 and 89.5 kg N ha⁻¹) of nitrogen (N) as subplot factor. Soil organic carbon and available phosphorous were determined using Oslen method where soils were incubated for 2 h at 110°C. Smallholder farmers are limited to apply large quantities of nutrients hence the need for microdosing. The study objective was to evaluate the effects of nutrient microdosing and IRHW techniques on maize grain yield, rainwater use efficiency (RWUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and return on investment in semiarid areas of Zimbabwe.

Results

Interaction of TR and N microdosing significantly (p < 0.05) improved maize grain yields. IRWH also showed significant effects (p < 0.05) on maize grain yields with a trend: TR > PP > CT. RWUE and NUE were significantly (p < 0.05) improved with the interaction of IRWH and N. Application of 58.5 kg N ha⁻¹ had the highest NUE under TR. TR had the highest (US$1747.23) return on investment when combined with 89.5 kg N ha⁻¹ during 2021/22 cropping season.

Conclusion

The use of TR and 89.5 kg N ha⁻¹ proved to be a potential strategy in increasing maize grain yields, produce higher return on investment and increase RWUE. The use of TRs and 89.5 kg N ha⁻¹ is recommended because of high maize grain yield, RWUE and return on investment.

引言津巴布韦半干旱地区小农的玉米生产主要受到土壤水分和养分压力的制约。水分胁迫的主要原因是降雨量不稳定、蒸散率高以及对就地雨水收集（IRWH）技术的了解有限。捆绑式山脊（TRs）是最好的就地雨水收集（IRWH）技术之一，在减缓气候变化方面具有良好的潜力。材料与方法该研究以田埂、种植坑（PP）和常规耕作（CT）为主要因素，以四种氮（N）添加率（0、29.25、58.5 和 89.5 千克 N ha-1）为次要因素。土壤有机碳和可利用磷的测定采用 Oslen 方法，将土壤在 110°C 温育 2 小时。小农户无法施用大量养分，因此需要微量施肥。研究目的是评估养分微剂量和 IRHW 技术对津巴布韦半干旱地区玉米产量、雨水利用效率（RWUE）、氮利用效率（NUE）和投资回报的影响。结果 TR 与氮微剂量的交互作用显著提高了玉米籽粒产量（p < 0.05）。IRWH对玉米籽粒产量也有显著影响（p < 0.05），并呈上升趋势：TR > PP > CT。在 IRWH 和氮的交互作用下，RWUE 和 NUE 有明显提高（p < 0.05）。在 TR 条件下，施用 58.5 kg N ha-1 的 NUE 最高。在 2021/22 年种植季，TR 与 89.5 kg N ha-1 组合的投资回报率最高（1747.23 美元）。结论事实证明，使用 TR 和 89.5 kg N ha-1 是提高玉米籽粒产量、产生更高的投资回报和增加 RWUE 的潜在策略。建议使用 TRs 和 89.5 kg N ha-1，因为玉米籽粒产量、RWUE 和投资回报率都很高。

{"title":"Microdosing of nitrogen fertiliser and cattle manure under in situ rainwater harvesting to improve maize production in smallholder farming system in a semiarid area of Zimbabwe","authors":"Andrew T. Kugedera, Letticia K. Kokerai","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize production in smallholder farmers located in semiarid areas of Zimbabwe are mainly constrained by soil moisture and nutrient stress. Moisture stress is mainly due to erratic rainfall, high rates of evapotranspiration and limited knowledge of the use of in situ rainwater harvesting (IRWH) techniques. Tied ridges (TRs) are one of the best IRWH techniques which have good potential in mitigating climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study used TR, planting pit (PP) and conventional tillage (CT) as main factors and four rates (0, 29.25, 58.5 and 89.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) of nitrogen (N) as subplot factor. Soil organic carbon and available phosphorous were determined using Oslen method where soils were incubated for 2 h at 110°C. Smallholder farmers are limited to apply large quantities of nutrients hence the need for microdosing. The study objective was to evaluate the effects of nutrient microdosing and IRHW techniques on maize grain yield, rainwater use efficiency (RWUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and return on investment in semiarid areas of Zimbabwe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interaction of TR and N microdosing significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improved maize grain yields. IRWH also showed significant effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on maize grain yields with a trend: TR > PP > CT. RWUE and NUE were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improved with the interaction of IRWH and N. Application of 58.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> had the highest NUE under TR. TR had the highest (US$1747.23) return on investment when combined with 89.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> during 2021/22 cropping season.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of TR and 89.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> proved to be a potential strategy in increasing maize grain yields, produce higher return on investment and increase RWUE. The use of TRs and 89.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> is recommended because of high maize grain yield, RWUE and return on investment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracking endolithic microbiomes to support the sustainability and functioning of global drylands 追踪内生微生物群，支持全球旱地的可持续性和功能性

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12069

Claudia Coleine, Eleonora Egidi, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Laura Selbmann

Drylands cover almost half of the planet and support >25% the global population. In this era of global warming, they are expected to continue expanding by the end of the century as a consequence of predicted increases in aridity, which will affect multiple global locations that are already characterised by extreme temperatures, low and variable rainfall, and low soil fertility. In these fragile ecosystems, where microorganisms are integral to maintain functioning and primary productivity, endoliths (i.e., rock-inhabiting microorganisms) play a key role in soil formation and dynamics and are and critical drivers of ecological succession. Here, we posit that endolithic microbes could also function as early alarm warning indicators for environmental changes in the most arid ecosystems. Nevertheless, studies on endoliths are still rather fragmentary and mainly focused in a few specific dry areas such as the Antarctic or Atacama deserts. A global appraisal of the structure and function of the endolithic microbiome is needed for the assessment of the current state of dryland biodiversity worldwide, and to identify the regions that are more vulnerable to global changes. Such an effort will provide new knowledge and will implement official and international initiatives to track and conserve biodiversity on global drylands.

旱地覆盖了地球近一半的面积，养育着全球 25% 的人口。在全球变暖的今天，预计到本世纪末，干旱地区将继续扩大，这将影响到全球多个地区，而这些地区的特点已经是气温极端炎热、降雨量少且多变、土壤肥力低。在这些脆弱的生态系统中，微生物是维持其功能和初级生产力不可或缺的因素，内生石（即栖息在岩石中的微生物）在土壤形成和动态中发挥着关键作用，是生态演替的重要驱动力。在此，我们认为内生微生物也可以作为最干旱生态系统环境变化的预警指标。尽管如此，有关内生微生物的研究仍然相当零散，而且主要集中在南极或阿塔卡马沙漠等少数特定干旱地区。需要对内生微生物组的结构和功能进行全球评估，以评估全球干旱地区生物多样性的现状，并确定哪些地区更容易受到全球变化的影响。这项工作将提供新的知识，并将落实官方和国际倡议，跟踪和保护全球旱地的生物多样性。

{"title":"Tracking endolithic microbiomes to support the sustainability and functioning of global drylands","authors":"Claudia Coleine, Eleonora Egidi, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Laura Selbmann","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drylands cover almost half of the planet and support >25% the global population. In this era of global warming, they are expected to continue expanding by the end of the century as a consequence of predicted increases in aridity, which will affect multiple global locations that are already characterised by extreme temperatures, low and variable rainfall, and low soil fertility. In these fragile ecosystems, where microorganisms are integral to maintain functioning and primary productivity, endoliths (i.e., rock-inhabiting microorganisms) play a key role in soil formation and dynamics and are and critical drivers of ecological succession. Here, we posit that endolithic microbes could also function as early alarm warning indicators for environmental changes in the most arid ecosystems. Nevertheless, studies on endoliths are still rather fragmentary and mainly focused in a few specific dry areas such as the Antarctic or Atacama deserts. A global appraisal of the structure and function of the endolithic microbiome is needed for the assessment of the current state of dryland biodiversity worldwide, and to identify the regions that are more vulnerable to global changes. Such an effort will provide new knowledge and will implement official and international initiatives to track and conserve biodiversity on global drylands.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grassland degradation induces high dietary niche overlap between two common livestock: cattle and sheep 草地退化导致牛羊这两种常见牲畜的膳食生态位高度重叠

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12066

Man Xu, Yueqing Song, Yipeng Zhou, Yao Wang, Tongtong Xu, Xuan Zhao, Zhiqiang Li, Ling Wang

Introduction

Diet selection of grazing livestock is one of the critical factors affecting the diversity and composition of plant communities in grasslands, with consequent impacts for ecosystem functioning. Co-grazing of multiple livestock species could create additive or complementary effects on plant communities due to diet overlap or differentiation among livestock species. However, there is only limited knowledge about diet overlap and differentiation of co-occurring livestock species and whether or how these diet characteristics change with grassland degradation.

Materials and Methods

We experimentally test the diets of two commonly co-occurring livestock species (cattle and sheep) and the dietary niche partitioning/overlap between them in non-degraded, moderately and severely degraded grasslands.

Results

Cattle exhibited broader diet than sheep, and diet overlap between species was lower in non-degraded grasslands. As grassland degradation increased the availability of annual plants, interspecific niche overlap between cattle and sheep gradually increased, and cattle suffered a resulting dietary niche compression. Sheep maintained a relatively narrow and constant dietary breadth.

Conclusion

The increasing dietary niche overlap between livestock species with increasing extent of grassland degradation indicated increased additive effects of cattle and sheep co-grazing on plant community, and thus stronger effects on plant community composition and diversity.

引言放牧牲畜的食性选择是影响草地植物群落多样性和组成的关键因素之一，从而对生态系统的功能产生影响。多种家畜共同放牧可能会因家畜种类之间的食性重叠或差异而对植物群落产生叠加或互补效应。然而，对于共生牲畜物种的食性重叠和分化，以及这些食性特征是否或如何随着草地退化而变化，目前的了解还很有限。材料与方法我们在非退化、中度退化和严重退化的草地上对两种常见共栖家畜（牛和羊）的食性以及它们之间的食性分区/重叠进行了实验测试。结果在非退化草地上，牛的食性比羊广，物种间的食性重叠程度较低。随着草地退化，一年生植物的供应量增加，牛羊之间的种间生态位重叠逐渐增加，牛的饮食生态位因此受到压缩。绵羊则保持了相对狭窄和稳定的食物广度。结论随着草原退化程度的增加，牲畜物种间的食物生态位重叠度也在增加，这表明牛羊共牧对植物群落的叠加效应也在增加，从而对植物群落的组成和多样性产生了更强的影响。

{"title":"Grassland degradation induces high dietary niche overlap between two common livestock: cattle and sheep","authors":"Man Xu, Yueqing Song, Yipeng Zhou, Yao Wang, Tongtong Xu, Xuan Zhao, Zhiqiang Li, Ling Wang","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diet selection of grazing livestock is one of the critical factors affecting the diversity and composition of plant communities in grasslands, with consequent impacts for ecosystem functioning. Co-grazing of multiple livestock species could create additive or complementary effects on plant communities due to diet overlap or differentiation among livestock species. However, there is only limited knowledge about diet overlap and differentiation of co-occurring livestock species and whether or how these diet characteristics change with grassland degradation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We experimentally test the diets of two commonly co-occurring livestock species (cattle and sheep) and the dietary niche partitioning/overlap between them in non-degraded, moderately and severely degraded grasslands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cattle exhibited broader diet than sheep, and diet overlap between species was lower in non-degraded grasslands. As grassland degradation increased the availability of annual plants, interspecific niche overlap between cattle and sheep gradually increased, and cattle suffered a resulting dietary niche compression. Sheep maintained a relatively narrow and constant dietary breadth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing dietary niche overlap between livestock species with increasing extent of grassland degradation indicated increased additive effects of cattle and sheep co-grazing on plant community, and thus stronger effects on plant community composition and diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"373-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87831078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonality regulates the taxonomic and functional compositions of protists responding to climate warming in forest ecosystems 季节性调节森林生态系统中应对气候变暖的原生生物的分类和功能组成

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12068

Fangfang Li, Anqi Sun, Xiaofei Liu, Peixin Ren, Bing-Xue Wu, Ju-Pei Shen, Li Bi, Ji-Zheng He, Yusheng Yang, Hang-Wei Hu

Introduction

Protists are unicellular eukaryotes including important predators, parasites and phototrophs, and play pivotal roles in organic matter decomposition, biogeochemical nutrient cycling and various ecosystem functions. Unravelling the impact of climate warming on soil protists is paramount in predicting how these microorganisms will continue to provide essential ecosystem services in the face of changing climatic conditions.

Materials and Methods

We examined the effects of 5-year simulated climate warming scenario, with temperatures increased by 4°C above ambient levels, on the diversity and community composition of soil protists, as well as their interactions with other microorganisms in both natural and plantation forest ecosystems during three seasons: summer, autumn and winter.

Results

We found a season-dependent response of protists to climate warming, with a significant decrease in protist diversity during winter in natural forests. Furthermore, we identified significant alterations in the community compositions of protists during summer in both natural and plantation forests, as well as during winter in both forest types, under warming. Our analysis pinpointed specific functional protist taxa, such as consumers, parasites and phototrophs, which exhibited significant shifts in their relative abundances under warming. Additionally, we found that warming facilitated trophic interactions between protists and bacteria, while also strengthening interactions between bacterial and fungal communities. Warming could induce direct modifications in protist community compositions or indirectly affect them by modifying bacterial and fungal communities, as revealed by structural equation modelling.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate the substantial impact of warming on the taxonomic and functional compositions of protists in forest ecosystems, with the magnitude of these effects varying across seasons. Our study implicates that ongoing climate warming could have significant consequences for the profiles of soil protists, as well as their trophic interactions with bacteria and fungi, highlighting the importance of considering these effects for the sustainable provision of ecosystem functions.

引言原生动物是单细胞真核生物，包括重要的捕食者、寄生虫和光营养体，在有机物分解、生物地球化学养分循环和各种生态系统功能中发挥着关键作用。了解气候变暖对土壤原生生物的影响，对于预测这些微生物在不断变化的气候条件下如何继续提供重要的生态系统服务至关重要。材料与方法我们研究了 5 年模拟气候变暖情景（温度比环境温度高 4°C）对土壤原生生物多样性和群落组成的影响，以及它们与其他微生物在夏季、秋季和冬季三个季节在天然林和人工林生态系统中的相互作用。结果我们发现原生生物对气候变暖的反应与季节有关，冬季天然林中的原生生物多样性显著减少。此外，我们还发现，在气候变暖的情况下，天然林和人工林夏季以及冬季的原生生物群落组成都发生了显著变化。我们的分析确定了特定的功能性原生生物类群，如消费者、寄生虫和光营养体，它们在气候变暖条件下的相对丰度发生了显著变化。此外，我们还发现气候变暖促进了原生生物与细菌之间的营养相互作用，同时也加强了细菌群落与真菌群落之间的相互作用。结构方程模型显示，气候变暖可直接改变原生生物群落组成，或通过改变细菌和真菌群落间接影响原生生物群落组成。结论这些研究结果表明，气候变暖对森林生态系统中原生生物的分类和功能组成产生了重大影响，而且这些影响的程度在不同季节各不相同。我们的研究表明，持续的气候变暖可能会对土壤原生生物的特征以及它们与细菌和真菌之间的营养相互作用产生重大影响，突出了考虑这些影响对可持续提供生态系统功能的重要性。

{"title":"Seasonality regulates the taxonomic and functional compositions of protists responding to climate warming in forest ecosystems","authors":"Fangfang Li, Anqi Sun, Xiaofei Liu, Peixin Ren, Bing-Xue Wu, Ju-Pei Shen, Li Bi, Ji-Zheng He, Yusheng Yang, Hang-Wei Hu","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12068","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protists are unicellular eukaryotes including important predators, parasites and phototrophs, and play pivotal roles in organic matter decomposition, biogeochemical nutrient cycling and various ecosystem functions. Unravelling the impact of climate warming on soil protists is paramount in predicting how these microorganisms will continue to provide essential ecosystem services in the face of changing climatic conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined the effects of 5-year simulated climate warming scenario, with temperatures increased by 4°C above ambient levels, on the diversity and community composition of soil protists, as well as their interactions with other microorganisms in both natural and plantation forest ecosystems during three seasons: summer, autumn and winter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found a season-dependent response of protists to climate warming, with a significant decrease in protist diversity during winter in natural forests. Furthermore, we identified significant alterations in the community compositions of protists during summer in both natural and plantation forests, as well as during winter in both forest types, under warming. Our analysis pinpointed specific functional protist taxa, such as consumers, parasites and phototrophs, which exhibited significant shifts in their relative abundances under warming. Additionally, we found that warming facilitated trophic interactions between protists and bacteria, while also strengthening interactions between bacterial and fungal communities. Warming could induce direct modifications in protist community compositions or indirectly affect them by modifying bacterial and fungal communities, as revealed by structural equation modelling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings demonstrate the substantial impact of warming on the taxonomic and functional compositions of protists in forest ecosystems, with the magnitude of these effects varying across seasons. Our study implicates that ongoing climate warming could have significant consequences for the profiles of soil protists, as well as their trophic interactions with bacteria and fungi, highlighting the importance of considering these effects for the sustainable provision of ecosystem functions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"529-540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90892312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of rhizobium inoculation on rhizosphere phosphorous dynamics and fertilised phosphorous use efficiency in a maize–pigeon pea intercropping system in weathered tropical soil 热带风化土壤玉米-豌豆间作系统接种根瘤菌对根际磷动态和施肥磷利用效率的影响

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2023-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12067

Saki Yamamoto, Shin Okazaki, Nakei D. Monica, Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu, Haruo Tanaka, Soh Sugihara

Introduction

Low phosphorus (P) use efficiency (PUE) of fertiliser is a critical problem in sustainable crop production, especially in strongly weathered tropical soils with a high P-fixation capacity. Both intercropping and rhizobium inoculation have shown to improve the P availability of rhizosphere soil, but the effect of a combined approach of using both intercropping and rhizobium inoculation is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of rhizobium inoculation on the soil–plant P dynamics and fertilised PUE under the intercropping system in strongly weathered tropical soil.

Materials and Methods

We conducted an 85-day cultivation pot experiment with pigeon pea (PP) and maize using highly weathered tropical soil under eight treatments: monocropping (CS) or intercropping, with or without rhizobium (Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61) inoculation (−I, +I) and with or without P fertilisation (0P, 50P) (2 × 2 × 2 = 8 treatments). We evaluated the effects of intercropping and rhizobium inoculation on plant growth parameters, P dynamics of the rhizosphere and bulk soil using the Hedley P fractionation method, the amount of organic acid from plant roots as a plant P-mobilising capacity, and fertilised PUE.

Results

Total plant P uptake per pot was significantly increased by intercropping but not by combining intercropping and rhizobium inoculation, resulting in better fertilised PUE only in intercropping. The available inorganic P (Pi) and less labile Pi of the soil were higher in the rhizosphere than those in the bulk by intercropping under 50P and were similar in PP + I under 50 P. The amount of organic acid per pot under 50P increased with each treatment, that is, intercropping and rhizobium inoculation, but not with their combination.

Conclusion

The intercropping system has a strong potential to improve PUE by stimulating the P-mobilising capacity of intercropping plant roots, whereas rhizobium inoculation of the intercropping system did not improve PUE in this study.

引言化肥的低磷利用效率是可持续作物生产中的一个关键问题，尤其是在具有高磷固定能力的强风化热带土壤中。间作和接种根瘤菌均能提高根际土壤磷的有效性，但间作和根瘤菌联合接种的效果尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们旨在评估在强风化热带土壤中，接种根瘤菌对间作系统下土壤-植物磷动态和施肥PUE的影响。材料和方法我们用高度风化的热带土壤对鸽子豌豆（PP）和玉米进行了为期85天的盆栽试验，分为八个处理：单作（CS）或间作，有或没有根瘤菌（Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61）接种（−I，+I）和有或没有磷施肥（0P，50P）（2 × 2. × 2. = 8个处理）。我们使用Hedley P分级法评估了间作和接种根瘤菌对植物生长参数、根际和大块土壤的磷动态、植物根系中有机酸的量作为植物的磷动员能力以及施肥PUE的影响。结果间作显著提高了单株对磷的吸收，而间作与接种根瘤菌的组合则没有显著提高，只有间作才能获得更好的PUE施肥效果。50P下间作土壤根际有效无机磷（Pi）和不稳定无机磷（Pi）均高于本体土壤，在PP中表现相似 + 我50岁以下 P、50P条件下，每盆有机酸含量随间作和接种根瘤菌处理的增加而增加，但不随间作与接种根瘤菌的组合而增加。结论间作系统通过刺激间作植物根系的磷动员能力，具有很强的改善PUE的潜力，而接种根瘤菌并不能改善PUE。

{"title":"Effect of rhizobium inoculation on rhizosphere phosphorous dynamics and fertilised phosphorous use efficiency in a maize–pigeon pea intercropping system in weathered tropical soil","authors":"Saki Yamamoto, Shin Okazaki, Nakei D. Monica, Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu, Haruo Tanaka, Soh Sugihara","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low phosphorus (P) use efficiency (PUE) of fertiliser is a critical problem in sustainable crop production, especially in strongly weathered tropical soils with a high P-fixation capacity. Both intercropping and rhizobium inoculation have shown to improve the P availability of rhizosphere soil, but the effect of a combined approach of using both intercropping and rhizobium inoculation is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of rhizobium inoculation on the soil–plant P dynamics and fertilised PUE under the intercropping system in strongly weathered tropical soil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted an 85-day cultivation pot experiment with pigeon pea (PP) and maize using highly weathered tropical soil under eight treatments: monocropping (CS) or intercropping, with or without rhizobium (<i>Bradyrhizobium elkanii</i> USDA61<i>)</i> inoculation (−I, +I) and with or without P fertilisation (0P, 50P) (2 × 2 × 2 = 8 treatments). We evaluated the effects of intercropping and rhizobium inoculation on plant growth parameters, P dynamics of the rhizosphere and bulk soil using the Hedley P fractionation method, the amount of organic acid from plant roots as a plant P-mobilising capacity, and fertilised PUE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Total plant P uptake per pot was significantly increased by intercropping but not by combining intercropping and rhizobium inoculation, resulting in better fertilised PUE only in intercropping. The available inorganic P (Pi) and less labile Pi of the soil were higher in the rhizosphere than those in the bulk by intercropping under 50P and were similar in PP + I under 50 P. The amount of organic acid per pot under 50P increased with each treatment, that is, intercropping and rhizobium inoculation, but not with their combination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The intercropping system has a strong potential to improve PUE by stimulating the P-mobilising capacity of intercropping plant roots, whereas rhizobium inoculation of the intercropping system did not improve PUE in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 3","pages":"357-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50150267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of manure and tillage on soil carbon and soil organic matter in silt loam soils of corn–soybean–forage systems 粪肥和耕作对玉米-大豆-饲草系统粉壤土土壤碳和土壤有机质的影响

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12064

Kathleen M. Bridges, Srabani Das, Heather Neikirk, Rattan Lal

Introduction

An increasing number of farms in Northeast Ohio are being managed under reduced or conservation tillage practices, while those under conventional or intensive tillage are decreasing. Additionally, the use of on-site farm manure among the growers is commonplace. Therefore, it is important to understand how the various management practices of these farms are impacting soil health, soil carbon stocks and crop yields.

Materials and Methods

This on-farm study takes place in the temperate climate of the midwestern United States on a silt loam soil. It focuses on the impact of tillage (mouldboard plough [MP], vertical/chisel tillage [VT] and no-tillage [NT]) and fertilizer (manure included or not) management practices on soil properties. Twelve agriculture fields and two woodland sites, for reference, on Canfield silt loam soils were selected for assessment in this project. Corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) rotations and mixed forage Hayfields were the crops considered. Crop yields at each farm along with soil organic matter (SOM), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), bulk density, pH, soil test phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) were assessed at two depths, 0–15 and 15–30 cm. Results of the first 2 years of the study (2020 and 2021) are presented here.

Results

At the surface soil depth (0–15 cm), TC content was not different among cultivated fields (36 Mg ha⁻¹), but was significantly less than Hayfields, which had the same amount of TC as the wood sites (58 Mg ha⁻¹). There was no significant difference in soil test P, K or S due to tillage. Analysis of variance revealed no statistical difference due to fertilizer. At the soil surface depth, principal component analysis, supported by analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), determined that measurements of TC, TN and SOM distinguished a difference in Hayfields compared to cultivated fields (R-statistic = 0.33; p = 0.001), but little difference when the 15–30 cm soil depth was considered (R-statistic = 0.17; p = 0.001). ANOSIM also determined a slightly significant (R-statistic = 0.065; p = 0.031) difference in fertilizer at the deeper soil depth. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between SOM and corn grain yield (r = 0.59) and TN and corn grain yield (r = 0.39).

Conclusions

There was no significant loss of TC among in

引言俄亥俄州东北部越来越多的农场采用减少或保护性耕作方式进行管理，而采用传统或集约耕作方式的农场正在减少。此外，在种植者中使用现场农家肥是很常见的。因此，了解这些农场的各种管理做法如何影响土壤健康、土壤碳储量和作物产量是很重要的。材料和方法这项农场研究在美国中西部的温带气候下，在粉砂质壤土上进行。它侧重于耕作（犁板犁[MP]、垂直/凿耕[VT]和免耕[NT]）和肥料（包括或不包括粪肥）管理做法对土壤性质的影响。本项目选择了坎菲尔德粉壤土上的12个农田和两个林地进行评估，以供参考。玉米（Zea mays L.）-大豆（Glycine max L.）轮作和混合饲料干草田是考虑的作物。在0–15和15–30两个深度评估了每个农场的作物产量以及土壤有机质（SOM）、总碳（TC）、总氮（TN）、容重、pH、土壤试验磷（P）、钾（K）和硫（S）前2年（2020年和2021年）的研究结果如下。结果在表层土壤深度（0–15 cm），TC含量在不同耕地之间没有差异（36Mg ha−1），但明显低于Hayfields，后者的TC含量与木材场地相同（58 Mg ha−1）。耕作对土壤P、K、S的影响不显著。方差分析显示，由于肥料的原因，没有统计学差异。在土壤表面深度，主成分分析在相似性分析（ANOSIM）的支持下确定，与耕地相比，干草田的TC、TN和SOM测量结果存在差异（R-统计 = 0.33；p = 0.001），但当15-30 cm土壤深度（R统计 = 0.17；p = 0.001）。ANOSIM还确定了一个稍微显著的（R统计量 = 0.065；p = 0.031）的差异。相关分析表明SOM与玉米产量呈正相关（r = 0.59）和TN与玉米产量（r = 0.39）。结论随着耕作强度的增加，TC没有显著损失，这可能是由于在耕地中加入了粪肥，尽管使用粪肥和不使用粪肥的田地之间只有轻微的统计差异。就大多数农场的土壤测试P而言，粪肥的使用并不有害，但应该明智地使用。将干草等多年生作物与作物生产轮作可以提高TC和TN含量。最后，增加SOM可能会增加玉米产量，但尚未确定因果关系。

{"title":"Influence of manure and tillage on soil carbon and soil organic matter in silt loam soils of corn–soybean–forage systems","authors":"Kathleen M. Bridges, Srabani Das, Heather Neikirk, Rattan Lal","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An increasing number of farms in Northeast Ohio are being managed under reduced or conservation tillage practices, while those under conventional or intensive tillage are decreasing. Additionally, the use of on-site farm manure among the growers is commonplace. Therefore, it is important to understand how the various management practices of these farms are impacting soil health, soil carbon stocks and crop yields.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This on-farm study takes place in the temperate climate of the midwestern United States on a silt loam soil. It focuses on the impact of tillage (mouldboard plough [MP], vertical/chisel tillage [VT] and no-tillage [NT]) and fertilizer (manure included or not) management practices on soil properties. Twelve agriculture fields and two woodland sites, for reference, on Canfield silt loam soils were selected for assessment in this project. Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)–soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) rotations and mixed forage Hayfields were the crops considered. Crop yields at each farm along with soil organic matter (SOM), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), bulk density, pH, soil test phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) were assessed at two depths, 0–15 and 15–30 cm. Results of the first 2 years of the study (2020 and 2021) are presented here.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the surface soil depth (0–15 cm), TC content was not different among cultivated fields (36 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>), but was significantly less than Hayfields, which had the same amount of TC as the wood sites (58 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>). There was no significant difference in soil test P, K or S due to tillage. Analysis of variance revealed no statistical difference due to fertilizer. At the soil surface depth, principal component analysis, supported by analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), determined that measurements of TC, TN and SOM distinguished a difference in Hayfields compared to cultivated fields (<i>R</i>-statistic = 0.33; <i>p</i> = 0.001), but little difference when the 15–30 cm soil depth was considered (<i>R</i>-statistic = 0.17; <i>p</i> = 0.001). ANOSIM also determined a slightly significant (<i>R</i>-statistic = 0.065; <i>p</i> = 0.031) difference in fertilizer at the deeper soil depth. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between SOM and corn grain yield (<i>r</i> = 0.59) and TN and corn grain yield (<i>r</i> = 0.39).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no significant loss of TC among in","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 3","pages":"337-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potassium transport and use efficiency for sustainable fertigation in protected cropping 保护作物可持续灌溉中钾的输送和利用效率

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12065

Sonali, Samsul Huda, Vijay Jayasena, Talaat Ahmed, Zhong-Hua Chen

The increasing demand for high-quality horticultural produces in global markets has driven the growing crop production under protected cropping, which are usually more efficient in fertilizer use compared to field cultivation. As one of the key macronutrients, available potassium (K⁺) resources have decreased due to the expansion of intensive agriculture and excessive use of K fertilizers. Currently, limited strategies have been adopted to improve crop quality in protected cropping with sustainable use of K⁺ fertigation and its comprehensive understanding at physiological and molecular levels. Therefore, we highlight the importance of optimal use of K⁺ in fertigation in protected cultivation that may also enhance crop quality characteristics. We review different K⁺ channels and transporters from various protein families responsible for K⁺ absorption and distribution across different plant tissues. An analysis of the literature on transcriptome, ionome, proteome and metabolome profiles of crops suggests the crucial roles of K⁺ in maintaining ion homoeostasis and modulating stress responses. It reveals that optimal K⁺ fertigation levels in protected cropping not only aids in maintaining the overall crop growth and production but also participates in maintaining the fruit quality. This review can potentially guide crop production and resource use efficiency in protected cropping, contributing to global food security and a better sustainable agricultural and environmental future.

全球市场对高质量园艺产品的需求不断增加，推动了保护性种植下作物产量的增长，与田间种植相比，保护性种植通常在肥料使用方面更有效。作为关键的常量营养素之一，由于集约农业的扩张和钾肥的过度使用，有效钾（K+）资源减少。目前，通过可持续利用K+灌溉施肥及其在生理和分子水平上的全面理解，在保护性种植中采取了有限的策略来提高作物质量。因此，我们强调了在保护性栽培中灌溉施肥中优化利用K+的重要性，这也可能提高作物的质量特征。我们综述了来自不同蛋白质家族的不同K+通道和转运蛋白，它们负责K+在不同植物组织中的吸收和分布。对作物转录组、离子组、蛋白质组和代谢组图谱的文献分析表明，K+在维持离子稳态和调节应激反应中发挥着至关重要的作用。研究表明，保护性种植中的最佳K+灌溉水平不仅有助于维持作物的整体生长和产量，而且有助于保持果实质量。这项审查有可能指导受保护种植的作物生产和资源利用效率，为全球粮食安全和更可持续的农业和环境未来做出贡献。

{"title":"Potassium transport and use efficiency for sustainable fertigation in protected cropping","authors":"Sonali, Samsul Huda, Vijay Jayasena, Talaat Ahmed, Zhong-Hua Chen","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing demand for high-quality horticultural produces in global markets has driven the growing crop production under protected cropping, which are usually more efficient in fertilizer use compared to field cultivation. As one of the key macronutrients, available potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) resources have decreased due to the expansion of intensive agriculture and excessive use of K fertilizers. Currently, limited strategies have been adopted to improve crop quality in protected cropping with sustainable use of K<sup>+</sup> fertigation and its comprehensive understanding at physiological and molecular levels. Therefore, we highlight the importance of optimal use of K<sup>+</sup> in fertigation in protected cultivation that may also enhance crop quality characteristics. We review different K<sup>+</sup> channels and transporters from various protein families responsible for K<sup>+</sup> absorption and distribution across different plant tissues. An analysis of the literature on transcriptome, ionome, proteome and metabolome profiles of crops suggests the crucial roles of K<sup>+</sup> in maintaining ion homoeostasis and modulating stress responses. It reveals that optimal K<sup>+</sup> fertigation levels in protected cropping not only aids in maintaining the overall crop growth and production but also participates in maintaining the fruit quality. This review can potentially guide crop production and resource use efficiency in protected cropping, contributing to global food security and a better sustainable agricultural and environmental future.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 3","pages":"346-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50142079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil chemical and microbial gradients determine accumulation of root-exuded secondary metabolites and plant–soil feedbacks in the field 土壤化学和微生物梯度决定了根系渗出的次生代谢产物的积累和田间的植物-土壤反馈

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12063

Valentin Gfeller, Selma Cadot, Jan Waelchli, Sophie Gulliver, Céline Terrettaz, Lisa Thönen, Pierre Mateo, Christelle A. M. Robert, Fabio Mascher, Thomas Steinger, Moritz Bigalke, Matthias Erb, Klaus Schlaeppi

Introduction

Harnessing positive plant–soil feedbacks via crop rotations is a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture. These feedbacks are often context-dependent, and how soil heterogeneity explains this variation is unknown. Plants influence soil properties, including microbes, by exuding specialized metabolites. Benzoxazinoids, specialized metabolites released by cereals such as wheat and maize, can alter rhizosphere microbiota and performance of plants subsequently growing in the exposed soils and are thus an excellent model to study agriculturally relevant plant–soil feedbacks.

Materials and Methods

To understand local variation in soil properties on benzoxazinoid-mediated plant–soil feedbacks, we conditioned plots with wild-type maize and benzoxazinoid-deficient bx1 mutants in a grid pattern across a field, and we then grew winter wheat in the following season. We determined accumulation of benzoxazinoids, root-associated microbial communities, abiotic soil properties and wheat performance in each plot and then assessed their associations.

Results

We detected a marked gradient in soil chemistry and microbiota across the field. This gradient resulted in significant differences in benzoxazinoid accumulation, which were explained by differential benzoxazinoid degradation rather than exudation. Benzoxazinoid exudation modulated microbial diversity in root and rhizospheres during maize growth, but not during subsequent wheat growth, while the chemical fingerprint of benzoxazinoids persisted. Averaged across the field, we did not detect feedbacks on wheat performance and defence, apart from a transient decrease in biomass during vegetative growth. Closer analysis, however, revealed significant feedbacks along the chemical and microbial gradient of the field, with effects gradually changing from negative to positive along the gradient.

Conclusion

Overall, this study revealed that plant–soil feedbacks differ in strength and direction within a field and that this variation can be explained by standing chemical and microbial gradients. Understanding within-field soil heterogeneity is crucial for the future exploitation of plant–soil feedbacks in sustainable precision agriculture.

引言通过作物轮作利用积极的植物-土壤反馈是可持续农业的一项有前景的战略。这些反馈通常取决于环境，土壤异质性如何解释这种变化尚不清楚。植物通过分泌特殊的代谢产物来影响土壤特性，包括微生物。苯并恶嗪类化合物是小麦和玉米等谷物释放的特殊代谢产物，可以改变根际微生物群和随后在暴露土壤中生长的植物的性能，因此是研究农业相关植物-土壤反馈的极好模型。材料和方法为了了解苯并恶嗪类物质介导的植物-土壤反馈对土壤性质的局部变化，我们用野生型玉米和苯并恶锌类物质缺乏的bx1突变体在整个田地中以网格模式调节地块，然后在下一个季节种植冬小麦。我们确定了每个地块中苯并恶嗪类物质的积累、与根相关的微生物群落、非生物土壤特性和小麦性能，然后评估了它们的相关性。结果我们检测到整个田地的土壤化学和微生物群存在显著的梯度。这种梯度导致苯并恶嗪类物质积累的显著差异，这可以通过苯并恶锌类物质的差异降解而不是渗出来解释。在玉米生长过程中，苯并恶嗪类物质的渗出调节了根和根际的微生物多样性，但在随后的小麦生长过程中没有，而苯并恶锌类物质的化学指纹仍然存在。对整个田地进行平均，除了营养生长期间生物量的短暂下降外，我们没有检测到对小麦性能和防御的反馈。然而，更仔细的分析显示，沿着该领域的化学和微生物梯度存在显著的反馈，影响沿着梯度从负向正逐渐变化。结论总的来说，这项研究表明，在一个领域内，植物-土壤反馈的强度和方向不同，这种变化可以用固定的化学和微生物梯度来解释。了解田间土壤异质性对于未来在可持续精准农业中利用植物-土壤反馈至关重要。

{"title":"Soil chemical and microbial gradients determine accumulation of root-exuded secondary metabolites and plant–soil feedbacks in the field","authors":"Valentin Gfeller, Selma Cadot, Jan Waelchli, Sophie Gulliver, Céline Terrettaz, Lisa Thönen, Pierre Mateo, Christelle A. M. Robert, Fabio Mascher, Thomas Steinger, Moritz Bigalke, Matthias Erb, Klaus Schlaeppi","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Harnessing positive plant–soil feedbacks via crop rotations is a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture. These feedbacks are often context-dependent, and how soil heterogeneity explains this variation is unknown. Plants influence soil properties, including microbes, by exuding specialized metabolites. Benzoxazinoids, specialized metabolites released by cereals such as wheat and maize, can alter rhizosphere microbiota and performance of plants subsequently growing in the exposed soils and are thus an excellent model to study agriculturally relevant plant–soil feedbacks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To understand local variation in soil properties on benzoxazinoid-mediated plant–soil feedbacks, we conditioned plots with wild-type maize and benzoxazinoid-deficient <i>bx1</i> mutants in a grid pattern across a field, and we then grew winter wheat in the following season. We determined accumulation of benzoxazinoids, root-associated microbial communities, abiotic soil properties and wheat performance in each plot and then assessed their associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We detected a marked gradient in soil chemistry and microbiota across the field. This gradient resulted in significant differences in benzoxazinoid accumulation, which were explained by differential benzoxazinoid degradation rather than exudation. Benzoxazinoid exudation modulated microbial diversity in root and rhizospheres during maize growth, but not during subsequent wheat growth, while the chemical fingerprint of benzoxazinoids persisted. Averaged across the field, we did not detect feedbacks on wheat performance and defence, apart from a transient decrease in biomass during vegetative growth. Closer analysis, however, revealed significant feedbacks along the chemical and microbial gradient of the field, with effects gradually changing from negative to positive along the gradient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, this study revealed that plant–soil feedbacks differ in strength and direction within a field and that this variation can be explained by standing chemical and microbial gradients. Understanding within-field soil heterogeneity is crucial for the future exploitation of plant–soil feedbacks in sustainable precision agriculture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 3","pages":"173-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50119710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable resource recovery and process improvement in anaerobic digesters using hydrochar: A circular bio-economic perspective 循环生物经济视角下的水炭厌氧消化器可持续资源回收和工艺改进

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12062

Sadish Oumabady, Sangeetha P. Ramasamy, S. Paul Sebastian, Rajinikanth Rajagopal, Parthiba K. Obulisamy, Rory Doherty, Sree Nanukuttan, Satish K. Bhardwaj, Deepak Kumaresan

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology for waste valorisation and nutrient recovery to achieve sustainability. HTC converts organic waste into hydrochar, a carbon-rich solid with numerous surface functionalities that can be used for energy and wastewater treatment. In this review, we highlight the potential of hydrochar-based technology for improving the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) systems and downstream applications of nutrient-laden hydrochar. We identify knowledge gaps in hydrochar production, performance in AD systems and nutrient recovery, including the need for larger-scale production facilities, multielement adsorption studies, and computational modelling. Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of hydrochar applications are critical to evaluating the commercial viability of this technology. Overall, hydrochar-based technology offers a sustainable solution for waste management and resource recovery, with potential socioeconomic benefits for developing economies. The deployment of hydrochar-based technology will directly address key issues highlighted in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals such as Clean water and sanitation (SDG 6); Zero hunger (SDG 2); and Climate action (SDG 13) thereby contributing to a more sustainable future.

水热碳化（HTC）是一种很有前途的废物增值和营养回收技术，可实现可持续发展。HTC将有机废物转化为氢炭，这是一种富含碳的固体，具有多种表面功能，可用于能源和废水处理。在这篇综述中，我们强调了基于水炭的技术在提高厌氧消化（AD）系统性能和富含营养的水炭下游应用方面的潜力。我们确定了水炭生产、AD系统性能和养分回收方面的知识差距，包括对更大规模生产设施、多元素吸附研究和计算建模的需求。水炭应用的技术经济分析和生命周期评估对于评估该技术的商业可行性至关重要。总的来说，基于水炭的技术为废物管理和资源回收提供了可持续的解决方案，为发展中经济体带来了潜在的社会经济效益。基于氢炭的技术的部署将直接解决联合国可持续发展目标中强调的关键问题，如清洁水和卫生（SDG 6）；零饥饿（可持续发展目标2）；以及气候行动（SDG 13），从而为更可持续的未来做出贡献。

{"title":"Sustainable resource recovery and process improvement in anaerobic digesters using hydrochar: A circular bio-economic perspective","authors":"Sadish Oumabady, Sangeetha P. Ramasamy, S. Paul Sebastian, Rajinikanth Rajagopal, Parthiba K. Obulisamy, Rory Doherty, Sree Nanukuttan, Satish K. Bhardwaj, Deepak Kumaresan","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology for waste valorisation and nutrient recovery to achieve sustainability. HTC converts organic waste into hydrochar, a carbon-rich solid with numerous surface functionalities that can be used for energy and wastewater treatment. In this review, we highlight the potential of hydrochar-based technology for improving the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) systems and downstream applications of nutrient-laden hydrochar. We identify knowledge gaps in hydrochar production, performance in AD systems and nutrient recovery, including the need for larger-scale production facilities, multielement adsorption studies, and computational modelling. Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of hydrochar applications are critical to evaluating the commercial viability of this technology. Overall, hydrochar-based technology offers a sustainable solution for waste management and resource recovery, with potential socioeconomic benefits for developing economies. The deployment of hydrochar-based technology will directly address key issues highlighted in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals such as Clean water and sanitation (SDG 6); Zero hunger (SDG 2); and Climate action (SDG 13) thereby contributing to a more sustainable future.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 3","pages":"328-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50143419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

下一页尾页