Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Scientific ed.)最新文献

A bioassay procedure was used to determine whether or not combinations of acetazolamide sodium with selected diuretic agents would yield more effective responses than those induced by the individual components of a given combination. The diuretics chosen for combination with acetazolamide sodium were: caffeine, mercurophylline, potassium acetate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium citrate, potassium nitrate, sodium acetate, theobromine, and theophylline. The best combinations of relatively weak diuretics were obtained with the acetazolamide sodium + potassium bicarbonate and acetazolamide sodium + potassium acetate series. Both the acetazolamide sodium + caffeine and acetazolamide sodium + potassium nitrate combinations warrant more critical evaluation.

Data are presented for the heating and cooling rate coefficients of tablets under the usual conditions of exaggerated temperature hot air oven stability studies. The interrelationships of tablet composition, container dimensions, the drug activation energy and the probability factor of the Arrhenius equation, the storage oven temperature, time of storage, and sample heating and cooling rate coefficients are noted as they influence the programming and results of short term, high temperature thermal degradation studies. Also discussed is the possible influence of other factors within the control of the development pharmacist which may affect the validity of exaggerated temperature thermal drug degradation data used in room temperature shelf life prediction of products.

Many disposable surgical and pharmaceutical materials are not adequately tested for their toxicity and compatibility with tissues. Suggested techniques are described for testing these items. By the use of such tests the various items available may be checked and a choice made between those which should not be used and those which have been adequately tested and are found to be satisfactory.

The kinetics of the degradation of barbital in an ammonia buffer have been studied. The various species taking part in the parallel reactions leading to decomposition have been taken into account by means of equilibrium constants and, from this, the various second-order rate constants have been calculated. A possible mechanism for the reaction corresponding to known amide hydrolysis mechanisms is postulated.

The permeability of protective barriers containing adsorbent type fillers has been studied. It has been shown that the time for the nonstationary state permeation of these barriers can be significantly increased by the incorporation of small quantities of an active filler into the ointment base. The theoretical considerations of permeation through filled ointments have been presented with particular emphasis placed on the theory pertaining to barriers containing a filler with a high affinity for the penetrant. An equation relating the lag time to the concentration and maximum adsorptive capacity of this type filler and to the initial concentration of the chemical agent has been derived and verified by experimental procedures.

The organocadmium reagent was adapted to the synthesis of alkyl β-aminoethyl ketones from β-alanine. Some aryl β-aminoethyl ketones were synthesized from β-alanine through the Friedel-Crafts reaction. These two series of β-aminoethyl ketones were proposed as potential antagonists of β-alanine in the metabolism of certain microorganisms. Both the alkyl and aryl β-aminoethyl ketones show antibacterial effect when tested against S. aureus and E. coli in vitro.