Pub Date : 2018-12-19DOI: 10.17816/TRANSSYST2018445-31
M. Janić
This paper presents the multicriteria evaluation of the High Speed Rail (HSR), TransRapid Maglev (TRM) and Hyperloop (HL) passenger transport system assumed to operate as the mutually exclusive alternatives along the given line/corridor. For such a purpose the methodology is synthesized consisting of the analytical models of indicators of performances of these systems used as the evaluation criteria and the multicriteria Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. Given the characteristics of infrastructure and rolling stock/fleet of vehicles/trains reflecting the systems’ infrastructural and technical/technological performances, the indicators of operational, economic, environmental, and social performances are defined and modelled respecting the interests and preferences of the particular actors/stakeholders involved. These are users/passengers, the systems’ transport operators, local, regional, and national authorities and investors, and community members. The proposed methodology is applied to the line/corridor Moscow – St. Petersburg (Russia) by assuming that three HS systems exclusively operate there according to “what-if’ scenario approach. The results indicate that, under given conditions, the HL is the preferable compared to the TRM and HSR alternative.
{"title":"Multicriteria evaluation of the high speed rail, transrapid maglev and hyperloop systems","authors":"M. Janić","doi":"10.17816/TRANSSYST2018445-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/TRANSSYST2018445-31","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the multicriteria evaluation of the High Speed Rail (HSR), TransRapid Maglev (TRM) and Hyperloop (HL) passenger transport system assumed to operate as the mutually exclusive alternatives along the given line/corridor. For such a purpose the methodology is synthesized consisting of the analytical models of indicators of performances of these systems used as the evaluation criteria and the multicriteria Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. Given the characteristics of infrastructure and rolling stock/fleet of vehicles/trains reflecting the systems’ infrastructural and technical/technological performances, the indicators of operational, economic, environmental, and social performances are defined and modelled respecting the interests and preferences of the particular actors/stakeholders involved. These are users/passengers, the systems’ transport operators, local, regional, and national authorities and investors, and community members. \u0000The proposed methodology is applied to the line/corridor Moscow – St. Petersburg (Russia) by assuming that three HS systems exclusively operate there according to “what-if’ scenario approach. The results indicate that, under given conditions, the HL is the preferable compared to the TRM and HSR alternative.","PeriodicalId":100849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76184390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-19DOI: 10.17816/TRANSSYST20184477-111
A. Jacob, J. Angelo, N. Monteiro, Monteiro Nuno
Background: The topic of Magnetic Levitation systems, in terms of land mass transport, have created high expectations compared to aviation and also to the high speed railway industry. This new concept comes to revolutionize the terrestrial mass transport, in both the speeds and the subject of friction. Magnetic levitation solves the issue of attrition between material contact and as such may also be an opportunity to solve the question of constant physical superelevation. Aim: Precisely that point of superelevation coupled with magnetic levitation, eliminating the rigid physical structures to laterally lift the vehicle in a curve. Current magnetic levitation systems do not address this issue of dynamic superelevation. It’s exposed an improvement technology which is a theoretical possibility of a track through a new magnetic line can apply necessary rotation to the vehicle in curve and adjust its rotation according to the speed that vehicle moves. Methods: In order to make this system to work it is suggested the introduction of a magnetic field in the new line, which will allow the vehicle to rotate in curves and will negate the need of the conventional static superelevation. This study appeared as a result of an investigation of a master's thesis in civil engineering at ISEP, where the participants created the concept of dynamic superelevation in the context of magnetic levitation. The project was applied to the reformulation of an existing railway network. The study base of this model resulted from a broad survey of current magnetic levitation systems. Then came the idea of creating a third dynamic magnetic field to operate the curved superelevation. Results: The result of the study was the creation of a new "monorail" system of simple and geometrically constant structure. The new line has the advantage of providing a simple and constant geometry, facilitating the manufacture, assembly and thus making it much more economical compared to the current systems. The cross-section allows the vehicle to fit perfectly and with the creation of rotating magnetic fields, the vehicle can be turned to both sides, at the required inclination, according the speed. With this new concept called ProDynamic, the geometry design in plan is totally independent of the speed practiced by the vehicle, where it can travel in curve at different speeds, but with the same lateral no-compensated acceleration, without detriment of passenger comfort. Conclusion: Combining existing systems with this new concept, it is possible to create a total freedom in curves and superelevation, which will provide a maximum comfort and significant construction savings. There is therefore no longer a problem of deficiency or excess cant, as currently exists on railways. The advantage in the ProDynamic system is that it is possible to greatly reduce or even eliminate the lateral no-compensated acceleration.
{"title":"A new concept of superelevation in magnetic levitation – prodynamic","authors":"A. Jacob, J. Angelo, N. Monteiro, Monteiro Nuno","doi":"10.17816/TRANSSYST20184477-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/TRANSSYST20184477-111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The topic of Magnetic Levitation systems, in terms of land mass transport, have created high expectations compared to aviation and also to the high speed railway industry. This new concept comes to revolutionize the terrestrial mass transport, in both the speeds and the subject of friction. Magnetic levitation solves the issue of attrition between material contact and as such may also be an opportunity to solve the question of constant physical superelevation. \u0000Aim: Precisely that point of superelevation coupled with magnetic levitation, eliminating the rigid physical structures to laterally lift the vehicle in a curve. Current magnetic levitation systems do not address this issue of dynamic superelevation. It’s exposed an improvement technology which is a theoretical possibility of a track through a new magnetic line can apply necessary rotation to the vehicle in curve and adjust its rotation according to the speed that vehicle moves. \u0000Methods: In order to make this system to work it is suggested the introduction of a magnetic field in the new line, which will allow the vehicle to rotate in curves and will negate the need of the conventional static superelevation. \u0000This study appeared as a result of an investigation of a master's thesis in civil engineering at ISEP, where the participants created the concept of dynamic superelevation in the context of magnetic levitation. The project was applied to the reformulation of an existing railway network. The study base of this model resulted from a broad survey of current magnetic levitation systems. Then came the idea of creating a third dynamic magnetic field to operate the curved superelevation. \u0000Results: The result of the study was the creation of a new \"monorail\" system of simple and geometrically constant structure. The new line has the advantage of providing a simple and constant geometry, facilitating the manufacture, assembly and thus making it much more economical compared to the current systems. The cross-section allows the vehicle to fit perfectly and with the creation of rotating magnetic fields, the vehicle can be turned to both sides, at the required inclination, according the speed. With this new concept called ProDynamic, the geometry design in plan is totally independent of the speed practiced by the vehicle, where it can travel in curve at different speeds, but with the same lateral no-compensated acceleration, without detriment of passenger comfort. \u0000Conclusion: Combining existing systems with this new concept, it is possible to create a total freedom in curves and superelevation, which will provide a maximum comfort and significant construction savings. There is therefore no longer a problem of deficiency or excess cant, as currently exists on railways. The advantage in the ProDynamic system is that it is possible to greatly reduce or even eliminate the lateral no-compensated acceleration.","PeriodicalId":100849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78179494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-19DOI: 10.17816/TRANSSYST20184464-76
Ilia M. Guliy, Elena S. Sivertceva
The aim of this paper is to reveal the features of modern transformations leading to rapid obsolescence of many professions of transport branch and emergence of new ones. The article presents forecast of emergence and formation of new competences of experts as the inevitable condition for transportation management and future transport operation. The study rests on the Autor’s curve which reflects the change of employment rate depending on qualification. The graphic-analytical and statistical research methods were used. The problem specified is acute not only for Russia, but for other countries as well facing rapid technological paradigms change. The necessity to form new competencies for transport workers for efficient functioning of transport industry. Transport engineering higher education institutions must launch new educational programmes.
{"title":"Modern trends of training specialists for innovative directions of transport development","authors":"Ilia M. Guliy, Elena S. Sivertceva","doi":"10.17816/TRANSSYST20184464-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/TRANSSYST20184464-76","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to reveal the features of modern transformations leading to rapid obsolescence of many professions of transport branch and emergence of new ones. The article presents forecast of emergence and formation of new competences of experts as the inevitable condition for transportation management and future transport operation. \u0000The study rests on the Autor’s curve which reflects the change of employment rate depending on qualification. The graphic-analytical and statistical research methods were used. \u0000The problem specified is acute not only for Russia, but for other countries as well facing rapid technological paradigms change. The necessity to form new competencies for transport workers for efficient functioning of transport industry. \u0000Transport engineering higher education institutions must launch new educational programmes.","PeriodicalId":100849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78926365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-19DOI: 10.17816/TRANSSYST20184432-43
P. Plekhanov, V. Shmatchenko
Existing regulatory framework in Russia does not include a full set of rules and standards needed, as the main document is absent – Safety Regulations Governing Maglev Transportation Systems. However, in this case the Russian Legislation provides for development and application of a special document, namely Special Technical Conditions (STC). These technical safety requirements to a capital construction object, that include either supplementary technical conditions to those which have not been set yet or are lacking in terms of safety, as well as deviations for the set requirements. Using the international and national experience, the authors and their colleagues have designed nine STC for MLTS. These are “General Design Requirements”, “Guideway”, “Substructure, Artificial Structures, Junctions and Crossings”, “Terminals, Intermediate Stations, Maintenance Facilities and Buildings”, “Propulsion and Power Supply System”, “Train Control System”, “Communication Systems”, “Vehicles”, “Integrated Safety System”. Also, as a result of the study, the English-Russian (Russian-English) MLTS Explanatory Dictionary was compiled.
{"title":"Standardisation of maglev transportation systems in Russia","authors":"P. Plekhanov, V. Shmatchenko","doi":"10.17816/TRANSSYST20184432-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/TRANSSYST20184432-43","url":null,"abstract":"Existing regulatory framework in Russia does not include a full set of rules and standards needed, as the main document is absent – Safety Regulations Governing Maglev Transportation Systems. However, in this case the Russian Legislation provides for development and application of a special document, namely Special Technical Conditions (STC). These technical safety requirements to a capital construction object, that include either supplementary technical conditions to those which have not been set yet or are lacking in terms of safety, as well as deviations for the set requirements. Using the international and national experience, the authors and their colleagues have designed nine STC for MLTS. These are “General Design Requirements”, “Guideway”, “Substructure, Artificial Structures, Junctions and Crossings”, “Terminals, Intermediate Stations, Maintenance Facilities and Buildings”, “Propulsion and Power Supply System”, “Train Control System”, “Communication Systems”, “Vehicles”, “Integrated Safety System”. Also, as a result of the study, the English-Russian (Russian-English) MLTS Explanatory Dictionary was compiled.","PeriodicalId":100849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82675051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1173-194
Arkadij Lascher
Background: In this study the feasibility of using Maglev transport through the determination of the limits of the effective application of the MLX01 and TRANSRAPID compared with railway systems was investigated. Aim: Development of the technology of complex optimization of Maglev. Methods: Resource-oriented optimization, system analysis, structured modeling, creation of the dynamic models, vector optimization, combined principle of optimization control, operation concept of the Maglev systems, economic aspects of the modeling, comparative analysis, determination of the borders of effective application of the compared transport technologies, research tools. Results: Providing of maximum adapted configurations Maglev systems according to the conditions of their application. At the same time these configurations correspond to the state of the most stable equilibrium between all groups and the elements of the general optimization process. Conclusion: This paper is scientifically justified work, which intended to accelerate the process of implementation Maglev technologies in the existing transport infrastructure
{"title":"Theoretical base and methods of the complex optimization of maglev","authors":"Arkadij Lascher","doi":"10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1173-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1173-194","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this study the feasibility of using Maglev transport through the determination of the limits of the effective application of the MLX01 and TRANSRAPID compared with railway systems was investigated. \u0000Aim: Development of the technology of complex optimization of Maglev. \u0000Methods: Resource-oriented optimization, system analysis, structured modeling, creation of the dynamic models, vector optimization, combined principle of optimization control, operation concept of the Maglev systems, economic aspects of the modeling, comparative analysis, determination of the borders of effective application of the compared transport technologies, research tools. \u0000Results: Providing of maximum adapted configurations Maglev systems according to the conditions of their application. At the same time these configurations correspond to the state of the most stable equilibrium between all groups and the elements of the general optimization process. \u0000Conclusion: This paper is scientifically justified work, which intended to accelerate the process of implementation Maglev technologies in the existing transport infrastructure","PeriodicalId":100849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80130790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1234-245
Lun Zhang, Wenwen Zhao, Xiyu Zhang
Background: The high speed maglev centralized control subsystem (CCS), which realizes the display, automatic train operation (ATO) and diagnose. The CCS is an important security assurance for train operation. System testing (ST) can detect design defects early and performed effective repair to improve the efficiency of the system’ on-site coordinated operation. Therefore, the quality of test cases directly determines the achievements and efficiency of CCS, and it is necessary to be tested before put it into use. Aim: The generation of test case of centralized control subsystem is proposed. Methods: In order to meet the requirements of the system, the first step is operating the extraction of functional features. Then, the unified modeling language is using to develop the test model in this paper. Then the corresponding unified modeling language models, use case diagram, state diagram, activity diagram and sequence diagram, are developed. The state diagram of operation process is using to describe the state transition during the period from initial state of the OTS to the completion of the operation. The activity diagram of train operation process focuses on the control relationship during the period from one activity to another, which can describe the interaction exactly between OTS, DCS and VCS. The sequence diagram, behavior of use case, focuses on the sequence of information sent by objectives, in which a group of objectives and information transfer are presented. And according to these models, the test cases of the specified case are generated. Results: The generated test cases are all executed in the developed lab-test system. The results show that the generated test cases can fully simulate the common situations of the operation scene, and effectively improve the test efficiency and test quality. We designed the experiments as followings: 85 test cases for terminal system design of operator, 68 test cases for train automatic operation design, 31 test cases for central diagnostic system design. All of the designed test cases are examined through the test platform, covering all main scenes in operation process. The errors or detects found in tests are solved by finding the reasons and modifying the code, etc. Finally, the pass rate of the method proposed in this paper is 100 %. Conclusion: The UML based method of test case generation implements the generation process and achieves the test cases and verification for CCS. Through the test practice, test cases designed can fully simulate all kinds of common situations in the operation site. What’s more, the test cases also realize early detection of errors and defects in the system and repair them. It is useful to improve the efficiency on-site testing process, to reduce the cost of time and test quality. The method can provide theoretical basis and reference for further testing of high speed maglev CCS.
{"title":"Uml based test cases generation for the centralised control system of high speed maglev","authors":"Lun Zhang, Wenwen Zhao, Xiyu Zhang","doi":"10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1234-245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1234-245","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The high speed maglev centralized control subsystem (CCS), which realizes the display, automatic train operation (ATO) and diagnose. The CCS is an important security assurance for train operation. System testing (ST) can detect design defects early and performed effective repair to improve the efficiency of the system’ on-site coordinated operation. Therefore, the quality of test cases directly determines the achievements and efficiency of CCS, and it is necessary to be tested before put it into use. \u0000Aim: The generation of test case of centralized control subsystem is proposed. \u0000Methods: In order to meet the requirements of the system, the first step is operating the extraction of functional features. Then, the unified modeling language is using to develop the test model in this paper. Then the corresponding unified modeling language models, use case diagram, state diagram, activity diagram and sequence diagram, are developed. The state diagram of operation process is using to describe the state transition during the period from initial state of the OTS to the completion of the operation. The activity diagram of train operation process focuses on the control relationship during the period from one activity to another, which can describe the interaction exactly between OTS, DCS and VCS. The sequence diagram, behavior of use case, focuses on the sequence of information sent by objectives, in which a group of objectives and information transfer are presented. And according to these models, the test cases of the specified case are generated. \u0000Results: The generated test cases are all executed in the developed lab-test system. The results show that the generated test cases can fully simulate the common situations of the operation scene, and effectively improve the test efficiency and test quality. We designed the experiments as followings: 85 test cases for terminal system design of operator, 68 test cases for train automatic operation design, 31 test cases for central diagnostic system design. All of the designed test cases are examined through the test platform, covering all main scenes in operation process. The errors or detects found in tests are solved by finding the reasons and modifying the code, etc. Finally, the pass rate of the method proposed in this paper is 100 %. \u0000Conclusion: The UML based method of test case generation implements the generation process and achieves the test cases and verification for CCS. Through the test practice, test cases designed can fully simulate all kinds of common situations in the operation site. What’s more, the test cases also realize early detection of errors and defects in the system and repair them. It is useful to improve the efficiency on-site testing process, to reduce the cost of time and test quality. The method can provide theoretical basis and reference for further testing of high speed maglev CCS.","PeriodicalId":100849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85900169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1212-224
Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Hu Cheng, Xiaolong Li
Aim: To reduce the levitation energy consumption and alleviate the adverse effects caused by the over-heating of the electromagnet. Methods: The design and manufacturing of hybrid electromagnet are introduced firstly. Secondly, the modification of driving chopper module together with a levitation control strategy and the design of an adsorption-prevention module are presented in details. Thirdly, a complete two-carriage maglev train is upgraded with the proposed hybrid electromagnet, choppers, and adsorption modules. Finally, an experiment is performed on a 1.5 km high-speed maglev test line to prove the efficiency of the proposed system. Results: In this paper, a novel electromagnetic levitation system architecture and safety protection strategy for the high-speed maglev train are proposed. Conclusion: A novel design of electromagnetic levitation system for high-speed maglev train is designed and implemented.
{"title":"A novel design of electromagnetic levitation system for high-speed maglev train","authors":"Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Hu Cheng, Xiaolong Li","doi":"10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1212-224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1212-224","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To reduce the levitation energy consumption and alleviate the adverse effects caused by the over-heating of the electromagnet. \u0000Methods: The design and manufacturing of hybrid electromagnet are introduced firstly. Secondly, the modification of driving chopper module together with a levitation control strategy and the design of an adsorption-prevention module are presented in details. Thirdly, a complete two-carriage maglev train is upgraded with the proposed hybrid electromagnet, choppers, and adsorption modules. Finally, an experiment is performed on a 1.5 km high-speed maglev test line to prove the efficiency of the proposed system. \u0000Results: In this paper, a novel electromagnetic levitation system architecture and safety protection strategy for the high-speed maglev train are proposed. \u0000Conclusion: A novel design of electromagnetic levitation system for high-speed maglev train is designed and implemented.","PeriodicalId":100849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81297039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1203-211
Shaoqiang Tang, H. Pan, Zhao Xu
Since H·Carvalin·Onnesse discovered the superconductivity of mercury in 1911, we have made progress in the research of the superconductor and the superconductor have evolved from single element, alloy to complex compounds with multiple elements.With the development of the research about new superconducting materials, the research of iron based superconductors, copper-oxide superconductor and magnesium boride superconductor is the latest research trend. So far the proved highest superconducting transition temperature of copper-oxide superconductor is 130 K under normal pressure and could reach more than 160 K under high pressure. Based on the experience accumulated in past decades, we propose some general introduction about the main structure type, the superconducting principle and the application of copper-oxide superconductor.It is expected that a positive effect would be made in the research of copper-oxide superconductor. Background: Since H·Carvalin·Onnesse discovered the superconductivity of mercury in 1911, we have made progress in the research of the superconductor and the superconductor have evolved from single element, alloy to complex compounds with multiple elements. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to explain the differences between copper oxide superconductors and conventional superconductors and their superconducting mechanism. Methods: The superconducting mechanism and structure of copper oxide superconductors were analyzed by means of literature investigation, conceptual analysis and comparative study. Results: In this paper, the different structure forms of copper oxide are analyzed, and its superconducting mechanism is described in detail. The applications of several main copper oxide superconductors are introduced. Conclusion: Based on the experience accumulated in past decades, we propose some general introduction about the main structure type, the superconducting principle and the application of copper-oxide superconductor.It is expected that a positive effect would be made in the research of copper-oxide superconductor.
{"title":"Progress in the research of copper-oxide superconductors","authors":"Shaoqiang Tang, H. Pan, Zhao Xu","doi":"10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1203-211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1203-211","url":null,"abstract":"Since H·Carvalin·Onnesse discovered the superconductivity of mercury in 1911, we have made progress in the research of the superconductor and the superconductor have evolved from single element, alloy to complex compounds with multiple elements.With the development of the research about new superconducting materials, the research of iron based superconductors, copper-oxide superconductor and magnesium boride superconductor is the latest research trend. So far the proved highest superconducting transition temperature of copper-oxide superconductor is 130 K under normal pressure and could reach more than 160 K under high pressure. Based on the experience accumulated in past decades, we propose some general introduction about the main structure type, the superconducting principle and the application of copper-oxide superconductor.It is expected that a positive effect would be made in the research of copper-oxide superconductor. \u0000Background: Since H·Carvalin·Onnesse discovered the superconductivity of mercury in 1911, we have made progress in the research of the superconductor and the superconductor have evolved from single element, alloy to complex compounds with multiple elements. \u0000Aim: The purpose of this paper is to explain the differences between copper oxide superconductors and conventional superconductors and their superconducting mechanism. \u0000Methods: The superconducting mechanism and structure of copper oxide superconductors were analyzed by means of literature investigation, conceptual analysis and comparative study. \u0000Results: In this paper, the different structure forms of copper oxide are analyzed, and its superconducting mechanism is described in detail. The applications of several main copper oxide superconductors are introduced. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the experience accumulated in past decades, we propose some general introduction about the main structure type, the superconducting principle and the application of copper-oxide superconductor.It is expected that a positive effect would be made in the research of copper-oxide superconductor.","PeriodicalId":100849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86148305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1272-278
Fang Liang, Y. He, Lei Zhang
Aim: Due to the movement of medium-low speed maglev vehicles, eddy current is generated in the rail, leading to reduced levitation force. This detrimental effect becomes more prominent with increasing velocity. In order to reduce the influence of eddy current effect, the electromagnet is optimized to meet the requirement of vehicle speeding up from 100km/h to 160km/h. Methods: To maintain a constant levitation force, the current must also increase accordingly resulting in higher power consumption and heat generation. In this paper, a mathematical model is established by analytical method, focusing on the mechanism and influencing factors of eddy current. Three-dimensional transient magnetic field magnet model is analyzed by the ANSYS electromagnetic simulation software Maxwell. Results: The levitation force is related to five parameters, such as speed, length of the electromagnet, rail height, rail thickness and air gap. According to the finite element simulation results, when the train speed is 160 km/h, the levitation force of the end electromagnet is reduced by about 21.9 %. The levitation force of optimized electromagnet increases by 27 % under the same current, which can compensate for the drop of levitation force caused by eddy current .The levitation force is 41.4 kN at the speed of 160 km/h, which is slightly larger than the 39.6 kN of the former electromagnet static levitation force, which can meet the requirements. Conclusion: The result confirms that optimization methods proposed above are valid and effective.
{"title":"Research on mechanism of eddy current in rail of maglev and optimum design of electromagnet","authors":"Fang Liang, Y. He, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1272-278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1272-278","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Due to the movement of medium-low speed maglev vehicles, eddy current is generated in the rail, leading to reduced levitation force. This detrimental effect becomes more prominent with increasing velocity. In order to reduce the influence of eddy current effect, the electromagnet is optimized to meet the requirement of vehicle speeding up from 100km/h to 160km/h. \u0000Methods: To maintain a constant levitation force, the current must also increase accordingly resulting in higher power consumption and heat generation. In this paper, a mathematical model is established by analytical method, focusing on the mechanism and influencing factors of eddy current. Three-dimensional transient magnetic field magnet model is analyzed by the ANSYS electromagnetic simulation software Maxwell. \u0000Results: The levitation force is related to five parameters, such as speed, length of the electromagnet, rail height, rail thickness and air gap. According to the finite element simulation results, when the train speed is 160 km/h, the levitation force of the end electromagnet is reduced by about 21.9 %. The levitation force of optimized electromagnet increases by 27 % under the same current, which can compensate for the drop of levitation force caused by eddy current .The levitation force is 41.4 kN at the speed of 160 km/h, which is slightly larger than the 39.6 kN of the former electromagnet static levitation force, which can meet the requirements. \u0000Conclusion: The result confirms that optimization methods proposed above are valid and effective.","PeriodicalId":100849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79468715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1246-252
Peiliang Yan
Background: In order to standardize maglev transportation engineering and its operation, the research of maglev transportation technical standards becomes important. Based on the analysis of the growth of rail transit, the acceleration of maglev transportation engineering, the China’s standardization regulation and the maglev transportation technology standardization practice, Aim: This paper proposes the basic principles for establishing maglev transportation standard system and the framework of maglev transportation technical standard system, introducing China’s maglev transportation technology standardization mechanism, its achievements, prospects and experiences. Results: By the end of 2017, China had developed 12 maglev transportation technical industry and provincial standards. Conclusion: There are 12 maglev transportation technical industry standards and social organization standards under development.
{"title":"Progress made and prospect of China's maglev transportation technology standardization","authors":"Peiliang Yan","doi":"10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1246-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/TRANSSYST201843S1246-252","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In order to standardize maglev transportation engineering and its operation, the research of maglev transportation technical standards becomes important. Based on the analysis of the growth of rail transit, the acceleration of maglev transportation engineering, the China’s standardization regulation and the maglev transportation technology standardization practice, Aim: This paper proposes the basic principles for establishing maglev transportation standard system and the framework of maglev transportation technical standard system, introducing China’s maglev transportation technology standardization mechanism, its achievements, prospects and experiences. Results: By the end of 2017, China had developed 12 maglev transportation technical industry and provincial standards. Conclusion: There are 12 maglev transportation technical industry standards and social organization standards under development.","PeriodicalId":100849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79852209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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