Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.4.167
David C Barrett
Introduction: In this Cattle Review we consider three very timely papers looking at heat stress (HS) in dairy cattle, recently published with open access in the Journal of Dairy Science.
{"title":"Cattle <i>Review</i>","authors":"David C Barrett","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.4.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.4.167","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In this Cattle Review we consider three very timely papers looking at heat stress (HS) in dairy cattle, recently published with open access in the Journal of Dairy Science.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.4.160
N. Gladden
Lameness is common in the dairy industry, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 30%. Performing regular mobility scoring is recommended on farms to monitor the prevalence of herd lameness and identify (and subsequently treat) lame cows promptly, but mobility scoring can be subjective and may be difficult to regularly implement on farm. Accordingly, there is increasing interest in the automation of lameness detection with direct and indirect methods described. This article provides an overview of automated detection of lameness with a focus on direct methods.
{"title":"Automated detection of lameness in cattle: an update","authors":"N. Gladden","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.4.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.4.160","url":null,"abstract":"Lameness is common in the dairy industry, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 30%. Performing regular mobility scoring is recommended on farms to monitor the prevalence of herd lameness and identify (and subsequently treat) lame cows promptly, but mobility scoring can be subjective and may be difficult to regularly implement on farm. Accordingly, there is increasing interest in the automation of lameness detection with direct and indirect methods described. This article provides an overview of automated detection of lameness with a focus on direct methods.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89236202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.4.150
Katharine Denholm, Katharine Baxter-Smith, Robert Simpson, Paul Williams
An online survey was sent to 248 dairy farms from all four UK nations. The results identified areas to optimise calf health and welfare, with a particular focus on extended colostrum feeding (beyond the first 24 hours of life). Chi squared analysis, Cochran Armitage trend tests and logistic regression were used to investigate biologically plausible associations between variables. Thematic analysis was used to construct and refine thematic maps. There was a significant linear trend between the frequency of blood sampling of calves to monitor serum IgG concentrations and testing of colostrum for IgG concentration (P<0.01). A number of farms (41.53%) pooled colostrum (without pasteurising), which may reduce overall IgG concentration and increase disease transmission risk. Timing of colostrum harvest (within 6 hours of calving) was suboptimal on some (23.39%) farms. Many of the perceived barriers to extended colostrum feeding were human and physical, including tangible commodities such as storage and facilities, labour and procedural issues.
{"title":"A survey of colostrum management practices on UK dairy farms","authors":"Katharine Denholm, Katharine Baxter-Smith, Robert Simpson, Paul Williams","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.4.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.4.150","url":null,"abstract":"An online survey was sent to 248 dairy farms from all four UK nations. The results identified areas to optimise calf health and welfare, with a particular focus on extended colostrum feeding (beyond the first 24 hours of life). Chi squared analysis, Cochran Armitage trend tests and logistic regression were used to investigate biologically plausible associations between variables. Thematic analysis was used to construct and refine thematic maps. There was a significant linear trend between the frequency of blood sampling of calves to monitor serum IgG concentrations and testing of colostrum for IgG concentration (P<0.01). A number of farms (41.53%) pooled colostrum (without pasteurising), which may reduce overall IgG concentration and increase disease transmission risk. Timing of colostrum harvest (within 6 hours of calving) was suboptimal on some (23.39%) farms. Many of the perceived barriers to extended colostrum feeding were human and physical, including tangible commodities such as storage and facilities, labour and procedural issues.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.4.168
J. Carr, M. Howells, William Hersey, Rebecca McKelvey, Sara Couto
To achieve ‘all-in/all-out’ pig flow the farm must efficiently batch. A batch is defined as the output from a group of sows from one weaning to another. Batching offers enhancement in the health and pathogen control on the farm. It also has significant social impact on the farm by providing convenient disciplines for the farm staff to follow. With some batching options, it may be possible to move expertise between different farms within a company. The combined benefits boost the wellbeing and welfare of the pigs and farm staff. Reductions in antimicrobial use of 70% have been achieved.
{"title":"Capturing batching options in pig farms","authors":"J. Carr, M. Howells, William Hersey, Rebecca McKelvey, Sara Couto","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.4.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.4.168","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve ‘all-in/all-out’ pig flow the farm must efficiently batch. A batch is defined as the output from a group of sows from one weaning to another. Batching offers enhancement in the health and pathogen control on the farm. It also has significant social impact on the farm by providing convenient disciplines for the farm staff to follow. With some batching options, it may be possible to move expertise between different farms within a company. The combined benefits boost the wellbeing and welfare of the pigs and farm staff. Reductions in antimicrobial use of 70% have been achieved.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76313734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.4.180
V. Busin
Diagnostic testing can be a challenging, although very rewarding component of veterinary medicine, which, if carried out with a systematic approach and taking into consideration both history taking/data collection and clinical examination, can enhance the clinician's ability to confidently reach a diagnosis, apply the appropriate changes and/or control measures and, in the end, provide cost-effective benefits to the overall health and management of small ruminants. Many diagnostics tests are available for small ruminants, and the difficulty is to know which are the most appropriate for the disease/condition in questions, taking into consideration economic factors, the performance of the test(s) and the sampling methodology. Finally, new technologies have arisen in the last few years, which will be of particular interest to overcome some of the challenges in small ruminant diagnostics.
{"title":"Diagnostic testing in small ruminant medicine","authors":"V. Busin","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.4.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.4.180","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnostic testing can be a challenging, although very rewarding component of veterinary medicine, which, if carried out with a systematic approach and taking into consideration both history taking/data collection and clinical examination, can enhance the clinician's ability to confidently reach a diagnosis, apply the appropriate changes and/or control measures and, in the end, provide cost-effective benefits to the overall health and management of small ruminants. Many diagnostics tests are available for small ruminants, and the difficulty is to know which are the most appropriate for the disease/condition in questions, taking into consideration economic factors, the performance of the test(s) and the sampling methodology. Finally, new technologies have arisen in the last few years, which will be of particular interest to overcome some of the challenges in small ruminant diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85788501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.3.122
K. Hamer, Rheinallt Jones
Trace elements impact the health and productivity of UK sheep flocks when supply is not optimal. The consequences of suboptimal supply can result in various clinical presentations. However, in some instances, unproven trace element deficiencies and their correction have been lauded as a panacea for all manner of conditions. Therefore, it is important to gather sufficient evidence to support a presumptive diagnosis and justify laboratory test expenditure. These tests are often not as diagnostically definitive as we would like and should be interpreted in conjunction with background evidence. In addition, a better understanding of the factors contributing to each particular presentation of deficiency may improve targeted nutritional management.
{"title":"Trace elements in sheep: history taking","authors":"K. Hamer, Rheinallt Jones","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.3.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.3.122","url":null,"abstract":"Trace elements impact the health and productivity of UK sheep flocks when supply is not optimal. The consequences of suboptimal supply can result in various clinical presentations. However, in some instances, unproven trace element deficiencies and their correction have been lauded as a panacea for all manner of conditions. Therefore, it is important to gather sufficient evidence to support a presumptive diagnosis and justify laboratory test expenditure. These tests are often not as diagnostically definitive as we would like and should be interpreted in conjunction with background evidence. In addition, a better understanding of the factors contributing to each particular presentation of deficiency may improve targeted nutritional management.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78995676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.3.134
David Charles, Alice Miller, Ami Sawran, Georgia Owen, Issa Robson, Joe Henry, J. Remnant, Kirsty Howson, Vivienne Mackinnon
The profession faces a recruitment and retention problem, whilst at the same time increasing numbers of students aren't selecting careers within farm animal practice. Recent research from universities and the student Farm Animal Veterinary Society have considered causes and barriers. More recent movements by several farm vets and veterinary associations have sought to highlight farm vets without ‘traditional’ farm vet backgrounds. This article considers the FAVS report ( Owen, 2023 ) alongside other literature and research into potential barriers to students entering farm animal practice, whilst the panel discussions provides the views of experienced veterinary surgeons working in the farm sector as to what practitioners, and the wider profession can do to increase the number of students considering and choosing careers in farm animal practice.
{"title":"Why aren't students choosing farm animal practice and what can be done about it?","authors":"David Charles, Alice Miller, Ami Sawran, Georgia Owen, Issa Robson, Joe Henry, J. Remnant, Kirsty Howson, Vivienne Mackinnon","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.3.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.3.134","url":null,"abstract":"The profession faces a recruitment and retention problem, whilst at the same time increasing numbers of students aren't selecting careers within farm animal practice. Recent research from universities and the student Farm Animal Veterinary Society have considered causes and barriers. More recent movements by several farm vets and veterinary associations have sought to highlight farm vets without ‘traditional’ farm vet backgrounds. This article considers the FAVS report ( Owen, 2023 ) alongside other literature and research into potential barriers to students entering farm animal practice, whilst the panel discussions provides the views of experienced veterinary surgeons working in the farm sector as to what practitioners, and the wider profession can do to increase the number of students considering and choosing careers in farm animal practice.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84955560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.3.129
R. Laven
Lameness in housed dairy goats is a major cause of poor welfare but our understanding of the factors driving lameness in housed goats is much less than it is than in sheep or cattle. This article summarises the research on two key aspects: the importance of locomotion scoring as a method of detecting lame goats and categorising and defining the non-infectious hoof horn lesions seen in goats. It then sets out the areas in which more information is needed to significantly reduce the impact of lameness on the productivity and welfare of housed dairy goats.
{"title":"Lameness in housed goats","authors":"R. Laven","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.3.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.3.129","url":null,"abstract":"Lameness in housed dairy goats is a major cause of poor welfare but our understanding of the factors driving lameness in housed goats is much less than it is than in sheep or cattle. This article summarises the research on two key aspects: the importance of locomotion scoring as a method of detecting lame goats and categorising and defining the non-infectious hoof horn lesions seen in goats. It then sets out the areas in which more information is needed to significantly reduce the impact of lameness on the productivity and welfare of housed dairy goats.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78567540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.3.112
A. Forbes, K. Ellis
Advocates of regenerative livestock farming claim a multitude of benefits following adoption of practices based on high intensity, short duration, long rest rotational grazing, amongst which is a reduction in parasitism and the use of anthelmintics. There are limited scientific data to support such claims and much of what little evidence there is emanates from North America and South Africa, so it would be useful if the observations and experiences of UK adoptees could be backed up with some well-controlled field studies. In their absence, considerations of some aspects of known parasite biology, such as the larval ecology of parasitic nematodes, can shed light on likely outcomes of various types of pasture, grazing and animal management. Minimising the use of anthelmintics in regenerative systems requires effective monitoring to ensure that animal performance and health do not suffer as a result of parasitism; for youngstock, growth rate is the most reliable marker for subclinical parasitic gastroenteritis. Consideration should also be given to other parasites that can affect grazing livestock, such as lungworm, fluke, ticks and flies, in order to determine the influence of regenerative management on the parasite fauna and their collective impact on sheep and cattle.
{"title":"Parasite control in regenerative livestock farming","authors":"A. Forbes, K. Ellis","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.3.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.3.112","url":null,"abstract":"Advocates of regenerative livestock farming claim a multitude of benefits following adoption of practices based on high intensity, short duration, long rest rotational grazing, amongst which is a reduction in parasitism and the use of anthelmintics. There are limited scientific data to support such claims and much of what little evidence there is emanates from North America and South Africa, so it would be useful if the observations and experiences of UK adoptees could be backed up with some well-controlled field studies. In their absence, considerations of some aspects of known parasite biology, such as the larval ecology of parasitic nematodes, can shed light on likely outcomes of various types of pasture, grazing and animal management. Minimising the use of anthelmintics in regenerative systems requires effective monitoring to ensure that animal performance and health do not suffer as a result of parasitism; for youngstock, growth rate is the most reliable marker for subclinical parasitic gastroenteritis. Consideration should also be given to other parasites that can affect grazing livestock, such as lungworm, fluke, ticks and flies, in order to determine the influence of regenerative management on the parasite fauna and their collective impact on sheep and cattle.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87695487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：