Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.1.23
D. Sibley
Despite a government pledge to eradicate bovine tuberculosis by 2038, progress towards this goal has been slow. This article looks at some of the reasons for this and considers ways in which all parties involved could engage to bring about a more rapid improvement in control of bovine tuberculosis.
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Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2022.27.6.259
M. Kerby, K. Cutler
The use of artificial insemmination (AI) in beef herds has been increasing in the last two decades especially when used in conjunction with oestrus synchronisation (OS) protocols. The resultant improvement in reproductive efficiency has a significant impact on productivity and profitability, particularly in seasonal block calving beef herds. Within this it is key that the nulliparous heifers calve down promptly in the block, and if these heifers can have heifer calves it will expediate genetic gain. This article reviews the benefits of using AI and the OS programmes commonly used, including those involving prostaglandin F 2 alpha (PG) alone, progesterone-releasing devices either with PG or with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and PG or with additional equine chorionic gonadotropin. It also comments on the relatively new ‘7 and 7 Synch’ protocol as well as approaches to pre-synchronisation, non-cycling beef cows, late-calving beef cows and pre-pubertal heifers.
{"title":"Use of artificial insemination and oestrus synchronisation in beef herds","authors":"M. Kerby, K. Cutler","doi":"10.12968/live.2022.27.6.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2022.27.6.259","url":null,"abstract":"The use of artificial insemmination (AI) in beef herds has been increasing in the last two decades especially when used in conjunction with oestrus synchronisation (OS) protocols. The resultant improvement in reproductive efficiency has a significant impact on productivity and profitability, particularly in seasonal block calving beef herds. Within this it is key that the nulliparous heifers calve down promptly in the block, and if these heifers can have heifer calves it will expediate genetic gain. This article reviews the benefits of using AI and the OS programmes commonly used, including those involving prostaglandin F 2 alpha (PG) alone, progesterone-releasing devices either with PG or with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and PG or with additional equine chorionic gonadotropin. It also comments on the relatively new ‘7 and 7 Synch’ protocol as well as approaches to pre-synchronisation, non-cycling beef cows, late-calving beef cows and pre-pubertal heifers.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77466918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2022.27.6.290
J. Crilly
Phyto-oestrogens are plant compounds that mimic the effects of oestrogen. They are mainly found in legumes, especially red and subterranean clover and lucerne. Levels vary with cultivar, season, growing stage and stress to the plant. Consumption of oestrogenic pasture or conserved forage has been shown to have negative effects on reproductive performance of sheep — in particular, a decrease in fecundity and an increase in barren rate. Prolonged exposure may lead to irreversible changes to cervical structure and reproductive performance. Evidence for the impact of phyto-oestrogens on cattle is much weaker than for sheep. The many advantages of clover and lucerne should be exploited, but an understanding of phyto-oestrogenism is needed to avoid unwanted negative impacts on livestock reproductive performance.
{"title":"Impact of phyto-oestrogens on reproductive health of sheep","authors":"J. Crilly","doi":"10.12968/live.2022.27.6.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2022.27.6.290","url":null,"abstract":"Phyto-oestrogens are plant compounds that mimic the effects of oestrogen. They are mainly found in legumes, especially red and subterranean clover and lucerne. Levels vary with cultivar, season, growing stage and stress to the plant. Consumption of oestrogenic pasture or conserved forage has been shown to have negative effects on reproductive performance of sheep — in particular, a decrease in fecundity and an increase in barren rate. Prolonged exposure may lead to irreversible changes to cervical structure and reproductive performance. Evidence for the impact of phyto-oestrogens on cattle is much weaker than for sheep. The many advantages of clover and lucerne should be exploited, but an understanding of phyto-oestrogenism is needed to avoid unwanted negative impacts on livestock reproductive performance.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88503858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2022.27.6.254
James Patrick Wilson, N. Bell
Evidence exists to support the use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen in the treatment and prevention of lameness. Recent published evidence has added to a raft of indicative studies which support the use of ketoprofen in the management of lame cows. Understanding the limitations of the use of NSAIDs is vital in ensuring client motivation when implementing a lameness control programme. While following the evidence base, we recommend that clinicians and farmers ensure that animal welfare is kept at the forefront of all decision making, with NSAID usage playing an important role in this process.
{"title":"Use of NSAIDs in the management of lameness in dairy cattle","authors":"James Patrick Wilson, N. Bell","doi":"10.12968/live.2022.27.6.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2022.27.6.254","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence exists to support the use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen in the treatment and prevention of lameness. Recent published evidence has added to a raft of indicative studies which support the use of ketoprofen in the management of lame cows. Understanding the limitations of the use of NSAIDs is vital in ensuring client motivation when implementing a lameness control programme. While following the evidence base, we recommend that clinicians and farmers ensure that animal welfare is kept at the forefront of all decision making, with NSAID usage playing an important role in this process.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82682436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2022.27.5.221
A. Gillespie
Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) incidence in the UK was recently estimated at 53.6 cases per 100 cow-years. Few farms engage in active diagnosis of BDD and therefore the importance of this disease is likely underestimated. Although the evidence base for decisions regarding individual treatments and herd foot disinfection remains weak, this article highlights some practical points that can be applied to improve the approach to BDD control. Active diagnosis of acute lesions is needed to improve cure rates and prevent progression to the chronic stage. Footbath chemical concentration and adequacy of renewal of the footbath should be reviewed as these are prone to drifting away from best practice.
{"title":"Reviewing the diagnosis and treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy herds","authors":"A. Gillespie","doi":"10.12968/live.2022.27.5.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2022.27.5.221","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) incidence in the UK was recently estimated at 53.6 cases per 100 cow-years. Few farms engage in active diagnosis of BDD and therefore the importance of this disease is likely underestimated. Although the evidence base for decisions regarding individual treatments and herd foot disinfection remains weak, this article highlights some practical points that can be applied to improve the approach to BDD control. Active diagnosis of acute lesions is needed to improve cure rates and prevent progression to the chronic stage. Footbath chemical concentration and adequacy of renewal of the footbath should be reviewed as these are prone to drifting away from best practice.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75718998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2022.27.5.239
Yasmine Cooper, Katherine Anzuino
Currently there is little to no published data describing the behaviours of does and kids on UK dairy farms immediately following parturition. This small study explored behaviour expressed by does and kids in the period immediately following parturition and tentatively identified potential areas for future study of goat behaviour in UK dairy systems. It aimed to develop an ethogram and trial this ethogram by recording activities of kids and their does in the first hours following parturition on a UK dairy goat farm. Five does were each observed for a period of 248 minutes, alongside their 10 kids. Observations began shortly after does were confined in pens with their kids and the kids had been fed colostrum via stomach tube. Doe and kid activities were recorded at 2-minute intervals. The most prevalent activities observed in kids were ‘lying down’ and ‘searching for a teat’. The most prevalent activities observed in does were ‘grooming’ and ‘standing neutrally’. Does spent most of the first hours of the kids’ life grooming, then feeding and lying down later. Kids started searching for a teat within 1 hour after being fed colostrum by stomach tube but took much longer to successfully suckle. The ethogram proved practical to use, and lessons learned from this trial could be used to develop further behavioural studies.
{"title":"Doe and kid activity in the first hours of life","authors":"Yasmine Cooper, Katherine Anzuino","doi":"10.12968/live.2022.27.5.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2022.27.5.239","url":null,"abstract":"Currently there is little to no published data describing the behaviours of does and kids on UK dairy farms immediately following parturition. This small study explored behaviour expressed by does and kids in the period immediately following parturition and tentatively identified potential areas for future study of goat behaviour in UK dairy systems. It aimed to develop an ethogram and trial this ethogram by recording activities of kids and their does in the first hours following parturition on a UK dairy goat farm. Five does were each observed for a period of 248 minutes, alongside their 10 kids. Observations began shortly after does were confined in pens with their kids and the kids had been fed colostrum via stomach tube. Doe and kid activities were recorded at 2-minute intervals. The most prevalent activities observed in kids were ‘lying down’ and ‘searching for a teat’. The most prevalent activities observed in does were ‘grooming’ and ‘standing neutrally’. Does spent most of the first hours of the kids’ life grooming, then feeding and lying down later. Kids started searching for a teat within 1 hour after being fed colostrum by stomach tube but took much longer to successfully suckle. The ethogram proved practical to use, and lessons learned from this trial could be used to develop further behavioural studies.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84788963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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