Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.2.58
Nicola Gladden
If the birth of a calf is poorly managed, it can be associated with reduced welfare in early life. Conversely, optimisation of calving management – in particular judicious (rather than blanket) use of interventions – can contribute to improvements in newborn calf welfare. This article discusses how birth experience can affect newborn calf welfare before considering colostrum feeding and cow-calf separation. Both management practices typically occur in the first hours of life and contribute to the welfare of newborn calves.
{"title":"Newborn calf welfare: effects of birth assistance, colostrum feeding and cow–calf separation","authors":"Nicola Gladden","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.2.58","url":null,"abstract":"If the birth of a calf is poorly managed, it can be associated with reduced welfare in early life. Conversely, optimisation of calving management – in particular judicious (rather than blanket) use of interventions – can contribute to improvements in newborn calf welfare. This article discusses how birth experience can affect newborn calf welfare before considering colostrum feeding and cow-calf separation. Both management practices typically occur in the first hours of life and contribute to the welfare of newborn calves.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135479401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.2.57
David Charles
{"title":"An eye to the future for farm vets","authors":"David Charles","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.2.57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135479403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.1.19
P. Plate
While iron-deficiency anaemia is well recognised in piglets, the importance of its diagnosis and treatment in calves and lambs has been highlighted more recently. In particular, housed lambs and calves fed on whole milk are prone to subclinical iron deficiency anaemia, with surveys showing prevalence figures from 20% to more than 50%. Many studies show reduced daily liveweight gain as a main clinical sign in both species; some also show health issues such as increased risk of pneumonia and diarrhoea in calves and an increase in abomasal bloat risk in lambs. Iron supplementation trials consistently led to higher growth rates pre-weaning and to improved haematological values. In the UK, there are no injectable iron preparations licensed for calves or lambs, but preparations licensed for pigs can be used off label.
{"title":"Iron-deficiency anaemia in calves and lambs","authors":"P. Plate","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"While iron-deficiency anaemia is well recognised in piglets, the importance of its diagnosis and treatment in calves and lambs has been highlighted more recently. In particular, housed lambs and calves fed on whole milk are prone to subclinical iron deficiency anaemia, with surveys showing prevalence figures from 20% to more than 50%. Many studies show reduced daily liveweight gain as a main clinical sign in both species; some also show health issues such as increased risk of pneumonia and diarrhoea in calves and an increase in abomasal bloat risk in lambs. Iron supplementation trials consistently led to higher growth rates pre-weaning and to improved haematological values. In the UK, there are no injectable iron preparations licensed for calves or lambs, but preparations licensed for pigs can be used off label.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82966103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.1.50
A. Hardy
Good husbandry, environment and nutrition all play a part in the fight against dairy cow lameness, but new research has found genetics has a bigger role than was previously thought.
良好的饲养、环境和营养都在对抗奶牛的跛行中发挥着作用，但新的研究发现，基因的作用比以前认为的要大。
{"title":"Genetics can play a bigger role in breeding out lameness","authors":"A. Hardy","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.1.50","url":null,"abstract":"Good husbandry, environment and nutrition all play a part in the fight against dairy cow lameness, but new research has found genetics has a bigger role than was previously thought.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87965681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.1.33
Ellie Button, Kat Hart, Rebecca Howard, T. Potter, Claire Walker, Tom Warboys
Increasing numbers of veterinary practices are running courses on the safe and effective use of veterinary medicines. During the last 5 years, demonstration of medicines competence has become increasingly important as part of the farm assurance process. It is now compulsory for Red Tractor assured beef, sheep and dairy farmers to have undertaken recent and suitable medicines training. The correct use of veterinary medicines provides an essential contribution to many topical issues; including antimicrobial and anthelmintic resistance, animal welfare and consumer safety. This article discusses the requirements and content of a medicines course and then draws on the experience of a panel of veterinary surgeons to explore the various approaches to running a medicines course as a veterinary practice.
{"title":"Clinical forum: Running medicines training for ruminant farmers","authors":"Ellie Button, Kat Hart, Rebecca Howard, T. Potter, Claire Walker, Tom Warboys","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing numbers of veterinary practices are running courses on the safe and effective use of veterinary medicines. During the last 5 years, demonstration of medicines competence has become increasingly important as part of the farm assurance process. It is now compulsory for Red Tractor assured beef, sheep and dairy farmers to have undertaken recent and suitable medicines training. The correct use of veterinary medicines provides an essential contribution to many topical issues; including antimicrobial and anthelmintic resistance, animal welfare and consumer safety. This article discusses the requirements and content of a medicines course and then draws on the experience of a panel of veterinary surgeons to explore the various approaches to running a medicines course as a veterinary practice.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78207917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.1.13
L. Jerram
Neosporosis was first identified in the 1980s and has since become well established as an endemic disease of cattle and a significant cause of abortion. Neospora caninum is an obligate, intracellular, protozoal parasite that relies on intermediate and definitive hosts to complete its lifecycle. Neospora infection leaves cattle three to thirteen times more likely to abort than a healthy animal. Calves may be born alive but be latently infected owith Neospora or have obvious defects. Disease transmission can be horizontal, when cattle ingest feed contaminated with infected dog faeces that results in latency or exogenous transplacental infection, or vertical when latent infection recrudesces, producing a congenitally infected calf. Testing involves serology or direct testing if abortion material is available. Serology can provide a presumptive diagnosis when carried out near in time to an abortion event. Eradicating the disease involves identifying infected cows and infected family lines through serology and removing these individuals from the herd. This approach takes time because seropositive cows do not always return positive tests, and in a herd with a high seroprevalence it is not economically viable to remove large numbers of animals.
{"title":"Neospora in UK cattle","authors":"L. Jerram","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Neosporosis was first identified in the 1980s and has since become well established as an endemic disease of cattle and a significant cause of abortion. Neospora caninum is an obligate, intracellular, protozoal parasite that relies on intermediate and definitive hosts to complete its lifecycle. Neospora infection leaves cattle three to thirteen times more likely to abort than a healthy animal. Calves may be born alive but be latently infected owith Neospora or have obvious defects. Disease transmission can be horizontal, when cattle ingest feed contaminated with infected dog faeces that results in latency or exogenous transplacental infection, or vertical when latent infection recrudesces, producing a congenitally infected calf. Testing involves serology or direct testing if abortion material is available. Serology can provide a presumptive diagnosis when carried out near in time to an abortion event. Eradicating the disease involves identifying infected cows and infected family lines through serology and removing these individuals from the herd. This approach takes time because seropositive cows do not always return positive tests, and in a herd with a high seroprevalence it is not economically viable to remove large numbers of animals.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77494421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.1.6
George Lindley, R. Booth, S. Mahendran, Claire D. Wathes, N. Blackie
Colostrum, the first milk produced by the cow before calving, is functionally and compositionally distinct from whole milk. Differences in fat, carbohydrate, protein, vitamin and mineral concentrations provide nutrition for the neonate. A high lipid content is an indispensable source of energy, while protein aids development and vitamins and minerals that are poorly transferred across the placenta can be provided orally. Immunoglobulins within colostrum are essential for the transfer of passive immunity, since the calf is born agammaglobulinaemic. Biologically active factors, including antimicrobial compounds, hormones, growth factors and immune-enhancing compounds, may contribute to immune development, intestinal growth and energy metabolism after birth. Bioactive substances may also direct the maturation of specific tissues via epigenetic effects that occur after parturition has occurred. An appreciation of the differences between colostrum and milk composition may be useful for all stakeholders interested in optimising early life feeding regimens for neonatal calves.
{"title":"Colostrum quality and composition","authors":"George Lindley, R. Booth, S. Mahendran, Claire D. Wathes, N. Blackie","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Colostrum, the first milk produced by the cow before calving, is functionally and compositionally distinct from whole milk. Differences in fat, carbohydrate, protein, vitamin and mineral concentrations provide nutrition for the neonate. A high lipid content is an indispensable source of energy, while protein aids development and vitamins and minerals that are poorly transferred across the placenta can be provided orally. Immunoglobulins within colostrum are essential for the transfer of passive immunity, since the calf is born agammaglobulinaemic. Biologically active factors, including antimicrobial compounds, hormones, growth factors and immune-enhancing compounds, may contribute to immune development, intestinal growth and energy metabolism after birth. Bioactive substances may also direct the maturation of specific tissues via epigenetic effects that occur after parturition has occurred. An appreciation of the differences between colostrum and milk composition may be useful for all stakeholders interested in optimising early life feeding regimens for neonatal calves.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"120 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80180997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.1.41
David Charles
When asked to consider the core activities of a large animal practitioner, many would conjure up images of vets standing at the back end of a cow performing rectal palpation, or ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis. However, the essential skill in any large animal practitioner's toolbox is the ability to perform a thorough and accurate clinical examination. This article discusses approaches to the ovine clinical examination, the nuances and differences expected for rams and neonates.
{"title":"How to: ovine clinical examination","authors":"David Charles","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"When asked to consider the core activities of a large animal practitioner, many would conjure up images of vets standing at the back end of a cow performing rectal palpation, or ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis. However, the essential skill in any large animal practitioner's toolbox is the ability to perform a thorough and accurate clinical examination. This article discusses approaches to the ovine clinical examination, the nuances and differences expected for rams and neonates.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79708575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.1.26
David C Barrett
Introduction: In this Cattle Review we consider papers exploring the human nutritional benefits of eating red meat and the use of sexed semen in dairy and extensive beef herds.
{"title":"Cattle<i>Review</i>","authors":"David C Barrett","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In this Cattle Review we consider papers exploring the human nutritional benefits of eating red meat and the use of sexed semen in dairy and extensive beef herds.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135755233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.1.28
Adam J George, Sarah Bolt
The human–animal relationship is a key aspect of managing livestock. Poor stockmanship may lead to negative implications for the health, welfare and productivity of farm animals and could lead to poor job satisfaction for the stockperson. It can also make it potentially difficult for veterinarians and farmers to treat livestock because an animal may associate humans with negative experiences. This review summarises research based on human–animal interactions, discusses its implications for the health and welfare of livestock, and provides suggestions for improving relationships between humans and farm animals.
{"title":"The importance of the human–animal relationship for commercial farms","authors":"Adam J George, Sarah Bolt","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.1.28","url":null,"abstract":"The human–animal relationship is a key aspect of managing livestock. Poor stockmanship may lead to negative implications for the health, welfare and productivity of farm animals and could lead to poor job satisfaction for the stockperson. It can also make it potentially difficult for veterinarians and farmers to treat livestock because an animal may associate humans with negative experiences. This review summarises research based on human–animal interactions, discusses its implications for the health and welfare of livestock, and provides suggestions for improving relationships between humans and farm animals.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74467039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：