Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.5.216
David Barrett
Introduction: In this Cattle Review we consider three open access papers looking at bovine tuberculosis, Leptospira and a study of how veterinarian–farmer nonverbal communication can influence interactions.
{"title":"Cattle <i>Review</i>","authors":"David Barrett","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.5.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.5.216","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In this Cattle Review we consider three open access papers looking at bovine tuberculosis, Leptospira and a study of how veterinarian–farmer nonverbal communication can influence interactions.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.5.221
Nick Wheelhouse, Richard Vazquez, Lorenzo Viora, Jo E. B. Halliday
Q fever is a disease which can cause an acute self-limiting infection or long-term chronic condition in people exposed to the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. Most human cases in the UK are associated with livestock, particularly small ruminants, which act as a source of the bacteria. This occurs especially around abortion, which is a common symptom of livestock infection where large numbers of organisms are shed into the environment. While the bacteria is endemic in UK livestock, reported clinical cases of human and, indeed, livestock disease remain relatively uncommon, with sporadic outbreaks reported. Vaccination of livestock remains an effective One Health strategy for reducing environmental contamination and therefore exposure to the infection; however, it remains essential that appropriate precautions are taken, including wearing personal protective equipment, when handling the birth products of ruminant livestock.
{"title":"Q fever and coxiellosis: implications for livestock and human health in the UK","authors":"Nick Wheelhouse, Richard Vazquez, Lorenzo Viora, Jo E. B. Halliday","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.5.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.5.221","url":null,"abstract":"Q fever is a disease which can cause an acute self-limiting infection or long-term chronic condition in people exposed to the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. Most human cases in the UK are associated with livestock, particularly small ruminants, which act as a source of the bacteria. This occurs especially around abortion, which is a common symptom of livestock infection where large numbers of organisms are shed into the environment. While the bacteria is endemic in UK livestock, reported clinical cases of human and, indeed, livestock disease remain relatively uncommon, with sporadic outbreaks reported. Vaccination of livestock remains an effective One Health strategy for reducing environmental contamination and therefore exposure to the infection; however, it remains essential that appropriate precautions are taken, including wearing personal protective equipment, when handling the birth products of ruminant livestock.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.5.217
James Russell
The Animal Health and Welfare Pathway was introduced in 2023 as a consequence of changes to the model for state support for farming following the decision to leave the European Union. Vets have been at the heart of the design of the pathway and will remain core in the delivery, particularly in relation to the Annual Health and Welfare Review. The review provides an opportunity for the farmer and vet to discuss health and welfare issues specific to the farm and agree the most relevant actions. A fundamental principle of the pathway is that it should be for everybody, and should move the level of understanding, standard of biosecurity and health and welfare aspirations forward a step on every farm, regardless of the starting point.
{"title":"The Animal Health and Welfare Pathway for England: an update","authors":"James Russell","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.5.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.5.217","url":null,"abstract":"The Animal Health and Welfare Pathway was introduced in 2023 as a consequence of changes to the model for state support for farming following the decision to leave the European Union. Vets have been at the heart of the design of the pathway and will remain core in the delivery, particularly in relation to the Annual Health and Welfare Review. The review provides an opportunity for the farmer and vet to discuss health and welfare issues specific to the farm and agree the most relevant actions. A fundamental principle of the pathway is that it should be for everybody, and should move the level of understanding, standard of biosecurity and health and welfare aspirations forward a step on every farm, regardless of the starting point.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"14 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.5.235
Benjamin H Dustan
This article sets out some approaches to the thorough clinical examination of the caprine patient, aiming to highlight species differences and providing helpful tips and pointers on how to maximise the diagnostic value of the examination process.
{"title":"How to: clinical examination of the goat","authors":"Benjamin H Dustan","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.5.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.5.235","url":null,"abstract":"This article sets out some approaches to the thorough clinical examination of the caprine patient, aiming to highlight species differences and providing helpful tips and pointers on how to maximise the diagnostic value of the examination process.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.5.209
Tim Potter
Despite significant investment and years of research bovine respiratory disease remains a significant economic and welfare issue to the cattle industry worldwide. The risk factors are well known and developments in preventative medicines, effective treatments and more recently technology to aid detection should enable us to better control the disease. In this review we will consider the barriers we face to adoption and how we as veterinary surgeons can work better with our clients to bring about lasting change on farm which will deliver effective control of this disease.
{"title":"Revisiting bovine respiratory disease","authors":"Tim Potter","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.5.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.5.209","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant investment and years of research bovine respiratory disease remains a significant economic and welfare issue to the cattle industry worldwide. The risk factors are well known and developments in preventative medicines, effective treatments and more recently technology to aid detection should enable us to better control the disease. In this review we will consider the barriers we face to adoption and how we as veterinary surgeons can work better with our clients to bring about lasting change on farm which will deliver effective control of this disease.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.5.203
David Renney, David Charles
Over the last twenty years, much has been learned about ketosis as a disease of dairy cattle. Its aetiology has been found to be more complex than it was previously thought to be, with new factors coming to light–such as the discovery that the disease actually begins in the weeks before calving – and the exploration of the risk factors and genetics of insulin resistance. The importance of abnormalities other than hyperketonaemia has been demonstrated, and a better understanding of its treatment and prevention has been gained, including the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and the most suitable gluconeogenic precursors, and the selection of replacement heifers with a lower genetic predisposition to ketosis.
{"title":"What's new in ketosis in dairy cows?","authors":"David Renney, David Charles","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.5.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.5.203","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last twenty years, much has been learned about ketosis as a disease of dairy cattle. Its aetiology has been found to be more complex than it was previously thought to be, with new factors coming to light–such as the discovery that the disease actually begins in the weeks before calving – and the exploration of the risk factors and genetics of insulin resistance. The importance of abnormalities other than hyperketonaemia has been demonstrated, and a better understanding of its treatment and prevention has been gained, including the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and the most suitable gluconeogenic precursors, and the selection of replacement heifers with a lower genetic predisposition to ketosis.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.5.196
Rob Howe
Increasing reports of anthelmintic resistance of gut and lungworm are occurring, probably because of over-treatment with the same products, often unnecessarily. A more sustainable approach to parasite control – known as integrated parasite management – puts diagnostic testing and prevention before treating, centre stage. This reduces farmers' reliance on products, saving them for when they might be really needed.
{"title":"Parasite control in cattle is evolving","authors":"Rob Howe","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.5.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.5.196","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing reports of anthelmintic resistance of gut and lungworm are occurring, probably because of over-treatment with the same products, often unnecessarily. A more sustainable approach to parasite control – known as integrated parasite management – puts diagnostic testing and prevention before treating, centre stage. This reduces farmers' reliance on products, saving them for when they might be really needed.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.5.200
Alice Miller
Regardless of the tools used for bull semen evaluation, accurate collection techniques are essential. This article shares advice to reduce the chance of artefacts occurring and increase trust in interpretation of results.
{"title":"Bull semen evaluation: avoiding artefacts","authors":"Alice Miller","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.5.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.5.200","url":null,"abstract":"Regardless of the tools used for bull semen evaluation, accurate collection techniques are essential. This article shares advice to reduce the chance of artefacts occurring and increase trust in interpretation of results.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.5.227
Tony Waterhouse
Virtual fencing systems are having rapid commercial uptake. A geographical navigation satellite system (GNSS)-locating collar provides sound warning alerts to each animal when in close proximity to virtual fencelines set on the stock manager's app. These are followed by an electric shock if the animal proceeds forward, but no further shock/warnings when reversing or turning away. Many research reports show that through associative learning, the livestock quickly understand the system and adapt to virtual paddocks with low numbers of electric shocks. Escapees usually return to the main group quickly. Practical applications for extensive systems include keeping stock away from danger areas which would be difficult or expensive to fence. Combining physical inspections, more easily achieved through live locations, with virtual inspections offers opportunities to improve stock management, though there are risks that the number of physical inspections may decrease. Highly flexible and rapidly modified grassland management, together with other combined sensors for health and reproduction, provide opportunities for further farm management gains.
{"title":"Virtual fencing systems: balancing production and welfare outcomes","authors":"Tony Waterhouse","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.5.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.5.227","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual fencing systems are having rapid commercial uptake. A geographical navigation satellite system (GNSS)-locating collar provides sound warning alerts to each animal when in close proximity to virtual fencelines set on the stock manager's app. These are followed by an electric shock if the animal proceeds forward, but no further shock/warnings when reversing or turning away. Many research reports show that through associative learning, the livestock quickly understand the system and adapt to virtual paddocks with low numbers of electric shocks. Escapees usually return to the main group quickly. Practical applications for extensive systems include keeping stock away from danger areas which would be difficult or expensive to fence. Combining physical inspections, more easily achieved through live locations, with virtual inspections offers opportunities to improve stock management, though there are risks that the number of physical inspections may decrease. Highly flexible and rapidly modified grassland management, together with other combined sensors for health and reproduction, provide opportunities for further farm management gains.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.12968/live.2023.28.4.172
Charlotte Jones, David Charles
Ovine abortion is a worldwide problem for sheep farmers, and can have a variety of infectious and non-infectious causes. The most notable infectious causes are Chlamydia abortus and Toxoplasma gondii, but there are a range of pathogens known to farmers and vets. Diagnosis is achieved by post-mortem examination of aborted lambs and testing of samples including, but not limited to, the foetal membranes and placenta. There are several efficacious vaccines available in the UK targeting abortion-associated pathogens, mainly to be administered before mating. Vaccine uptake is variable, and more emphasis on farmers complying with protocols needed.
{"title":"Causes of ovine abortion, vaccination protocols and uptake: an overview","authors":"Charlotte Jones, David Charles","doi":"10.12968/live.2023.28.4.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.4.172","url":null,"abstract":"Ovine abortion is a worldwide problem for sheep farmers, and can have a variety of infectious and non-infectious causes. The most notable infectious causes are Chlamydia abortus and Toxoplasma gondii, but there are a range of pathogens known to farmers and vets. Diagnosis is achieved by post-mortem examination of aborted lambs and testing of samples including, but not limited to, the foetal membranes and placenta. There are several efficacious vaccines available in the UK targeting abortion-associated pathogens, mainly to be administered before mating. Vaccine uptake is variable, and more emphasis on farmers complying with protocols needed.","PeriodicalId":100879,"journal":{"name":"Livestock","volume":"267 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74658564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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