Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110439
Yan Wang , Jiaqi Zhang , Xiaofeng Wu , Sibo Wang , Masakazu Anpo , Yuanxing Fang
Solar-induced water oxidation reaction (WOR) for oxygen evolution is a critical step in the transformation of Earth's atmosphere from a reducing to an oxidation one during its primordial stages. WOR is also associated with important reduction reactions, such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These transitions are instrumental in the emergence and evolution of life. In this study, transition metals were loaded onto nitrogen-doped carbon (NDC) prepared under the primitive Earth's atmospheric conditions. These metal-loaded NDC samples were found to catalyze both WOR and ORR under light illumination. The chemical pathways initiated by the pristine and metal-loaded NDC were investigated. This study provides valuable insights into potential mechanisms relevant to the early evolution of our planet.
{"title":"Elucidating oxygen evolution and reduction mechanisms in nitrogen-doped carbon-based photocatalysts","authors":"Yan Wang , Jiaqi Zhang , Xiaofeng Wu , Sibo Wang , Masakazu Anpo , Yuanxing Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-induced water oxidation reaction (WOR) for oxygen evolution is a critical step in the transformation of Earth's atmosphere from a reducing to an oxidation one during its primordial stages. WOR is also associated with important reduction reactions, such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These transitions are instrumental in the emergence and evolution of life. In this study, transition metals were loaded onto nitrogen-doped carbon (NDC) prepared under the primitive Earth's atmospheric conditions. These metal-loaded NDC samples were found to catalyze both WOR and ORR under light illumination. The chemical pathways initiated by the pristine and metal-loaded NDC were investigated. This study provides valuable insights into potential mechanisms relevant to the early evolution of our planet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10088,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Chemical Letters","volume":"36 2","pages":"Article 110439"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110428
Yanqiong Wang , Yaqi Hou , Fengwei Huo , Xu Hou
Excessive Fe3+ ion concentrations in wastewater pose a long-standing threat to human health. Achieving low-cost, high-efficiency quantification of Fe3+ ion concentration in unknown solutions can guide environmental management decisions and optimize water treatment processes. In this study, by leveraging the rapid, real-time detection capabilities of nanopores and the specific chemical binding affinity of tannic acid to Fe3+, a linear relationship between the ion current and Fe3+ ion concentration was established. Utilizing this linear relationship, quantification of Fe3+ ion concentration in unknown solutions was achieved. Furthermore, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt was employed to displace Fe3+ from the nanopores, allowing them to be restored to their initial conditions and reused for Fe3+ ion quantification. The reusable bioinspired nanopores remain functional over 330 days of storage. This recycling capability and the long-term stability of the nanopores contribute to a significant reduction in costs. This study provides a strategy for the quantification of unknown Fe3+ concentration using nanopores, with potential applications in environmental assessment, health monitoring, and so forth.
{"title":"Fe3+ ion quantification with reusable bioinspired nanopores","authors":"Yanqiong Wang , Yaqi Hou , Fengwei Huo , Xu Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion concentrations in wastewater pose a long-standing threat to human health. Achieving low-cost, high-efficiency quantification of Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion concentration in unknown solutions can guide environmental management decisions and optimize water treatment processes. In this study, by leveraging the rapid, real-time detection capabilities of nanopores and the specific chemical binding affinity of tannic acid to Fe<sup>3+</sup>, a linear relationship between the ion current and Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion concentration was established. Utilizing this linear relationship, quantification of Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion concentration in unknown solutions was achieved. Furthermore, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt was employed to displace Fe<sup>3+</sup> from the nanopores, allowing them to be restored to their initial conditions and reused for Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion quantification. The reusable bioinspired nanopores remain functional over 330 days of storage. This recycling capability and the long-term stability of the nanopores contribute to a significant reduction in costs. This study provides a strategy for the quantification of unknown Fe<sup>3+</sup> concentration using nanopores, with potential applications in environmental assessment, health monitoring, and so forth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10088,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Chemical Letters","volume":"36 2","pages":"Article 110428"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110431
Bing Niu , Honggao Huang , Liwei Luo , Li Zhang , Jianbo Tan
Core-shell colloidal particles with a polymer layer have broad applications in different areas. Herein, we developed a two-step method combining aqueous surface-initiated photoinduced polymerization-induced self-assembly and photoinduced seeded reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to prepare a diverse set of core-shell colloidal particles with a well-defined polymer layer. Chemical compositions, structures, and thicknesses of polymer layers could be conveniently regulated by using different types of monomers and feed [monomer]/[chain transfer agent] ratios during seeded RAFT polymerization.
{"title":"Coating colloidal particles with a well-defined polymer layer by surface-initiated photoinduced polymerization-induced self-assembly and the subsequent seeded polymerization","authors":"Bing Niu , Honggao Huang , Liwei Luo , Li Zhang , Jianbo Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Core-shell colloidal particles with a polymer layer have broad applications in different areas. Herein, we developed a two-step method combining aqueous surface-initiated photoinduced polymerization-induced self-assembly and photoinduced seeded reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to prepare a diverse set of core-shell colloidal particles with a well-defined polymer layer. Chemical compositions, structures, and thicknesses of polymer layers could be conveniently regulated by using different types of monomers and feed [monomer]/[chain transfer agent] ratios during seeded RAFT polymerization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10088,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Chemical Letters","volume":"36 2","pages":"Article 110431"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110426
Yuan Liu , Boyang Wang , Yaxin Li , Weidong Li , Siyu Lu
Carbon dots (CDs), due to their low cost, high stability, and high luminous efficiency, have emerged as an excellent material for the emissive layer in next-generation electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (ELEDs). However, improving the efficiency of fluorescent CDs-based ELEDs remains challenging, primarily because it is difficult to utilize triplet excitons in the electroluminescence process. Therefore, enhancing the exciton utilization efficiency of CDs during electroluminescence is crucial. Based on this, we exploited the characteristic large exciton binding energy commonly found in CDs to develop exciton-emitting CDs. These CDs facilitate the radiative recombination of excitons during electroluminescence, thereby improving the electroluminescent efficiency. By rationally selecting precursors, we developed high quantum efficiency CDs and subsequently constructed CDs-based ELEDs. The blue-light device exhibited an external quantum efficiency of over 4 %. This study introduces a novel design concept for CDs, providing a new strategy for developing high-performance blue ELEDs based on CDs.
碳点（CD）因其低成本、高稳定性和高发光效率，已成为下一代电致发光二极管（ELED）发光层的绝佳材料。然而，提高基于荧光光盘的电致发光二极管的效率仍然具有挑战性，这主要是因为在电致发光过程中很难利用三重激子。因此，提高 CD 在电致发光过程中的激子利用效率至关重要。在此基础上，我们利用光盘中常见的大激子结合能特性，开发出了激子发光光盘。这些光盘有助于激子在电致发光过程中进行辐射重组，从而提高电致发光效率。通过合理选择前驱体，我们开发出了高量子效率的光盘，并随后构建了基于光盘的电致发光器件。该蓝光器件的外部量子效率超过 4%。这项研究引入了一种新颖的光盘设计理念，为开发基于光盘的高性能蓝光发光二极管提供了一种新策略。
{"title":"Understanding excitonic behavior and electroluminescence light emitting diode application of carbon dots","authors":"Yuan Liu , Boyang Wang , Yaxin Li , Weidong Li , Siyu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots (CDs), due to their low cost, high stability, and high luminous efficiency, have emerged as an excellent material for the emissive layer in next-generation electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (ELEDs). However, improving the efficiency of fluorescent CDs-based ELEDs remains challenging, primarily because it is difficult to utilize triplet excitons in the electroluminescence process. Therefore, enhancing the exciton utilization efficiency of CDs during electroluminescence is crucial. Based on this, we exploited the characteristic large exciton binding energy commonly found in CDs to develop exciton-emitting CDs. These CDs facilitate the radiative recombination of excitons during electroluminescence, thereby improving the electroluminescent efficiency. By rationally selecting precursors, we developed high quantum efficiency CDs and subsequently constructed CDs-based ELEDs. The blue-light device exhibited an external quantum efficiency of over 4 %. This study introduces a novel design concept for CDs, providing a new strategy for developing high-performance blue ELEDs based on CDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10088,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Chemical Letters","volume":"36 2","pages":"Article 110426"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110417
Dong Sui, Jiayi Liu
{"title":"Constriction-susceptible lithium support for fast cycling of solid-state lithium metal battery","authors":"Dong Sui, Jiayi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110417","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10088,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Chemical Letters","volume":"36 2","pages":"Article 110417"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108998
Shan Jiang , Lingchen Meng , Wenyue Ma , Qingkai Qi , Wei Zhang , Bin Xu , Leijing Liu , Wenjing Tian
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Morphology controllable conjugated network polymers based on AIE-active building block for TNP detection”","authors":"Shan Jiang , Lingchen Meng , Wenyue Ma , Qingkai Qi , Wei Zhang , Bin Xu , Leijing Liu , Wenjing Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10088,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Chemical Letters","volume":"35 12","pages":"Article 108998"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S100184172300788X/pdfft?md5=7b2fd6712dfae77b1d0fbf30c42a8345&pid=1-s2.0-S100184172300788X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110385
Guihuang Fang , Ying Liu , Yangyang Feng , Ying Pan , Hongwei Yang , Yongchuan Liu , Maoxiang Wu
Ethylene carbonate (EC) is the conventional and promising solvent to achieve high energy lithium metal battery. However, the innate low energy level of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) in EC makes it incompatible with lithium metal, causing uncontrolled lithium growth and low Coulombic efficiency (CE). Herein, we introduced bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (TFEC), a carbonate with a strong electron-withdrawing effect (-CF3), which enhances the stability of EC at electrode interface by reducing ion-dipole interactions between Li+ and EC. As the interaction between Li and EC weakens, TFEC and more PF6− anions coordinate with Li⁺, promoting the formation of contact ion pairs (CIPs) and aggregates (AGGs), thereby increasing the inorganic composition within the solid electrolyte interphase. Additionally, the distinct solvated sheath structure favors the decomposition of fluorinated solvents and PF6− anions, forming inorganic-rich electrode-electrolyte interfaces (SEI and CEI), thereby ensuring high stability for both the Li anode and high-voltage cathode. Hence, when applied in the full-cell Li||LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4, it displays consistent cycling performance, exhibiting minimal capacity decay with a retention rate of 62.5% after 800 cycles, substantially surpassing that of cells using base electrolytes (29.8%).
{"title":"Tuning the ion-dipole interactions between fluoro and carbonyl (EC) by electrolyte design for stable lithium metal batteries","authors":"Guihuang Fang , Ying Liu , Yangyang Feng , Ying Pan , Hongwei Yang , Yongchuan Liu , Maoxiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethylene carbonate (EC) is the conventional and promising solvent to achieve high energy lithium metal battery. However, the innate low energy level of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) in EC makes it incompatible with lithium metal, causing uncontrolled lithium growth and low Coulombic efficiency (CE). Herein, we introduced bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (TFEC), a carbonate with a strong electron-withdrawing effect (-CF<sub>3</sub>), which enhances the stability of EC at electrode interface by reducing ion-dipole interactions between Li<sup>+</sup> and EC. As the interaction between Li and EC weakens, TFEC and more PF<sub>6<sup>−</sup></sub> anions coordinate with Li⁺, promoting the formation of contact ion pairs (CIPs) and aggregates (AGGs), thereby increasing the inorganic composition within the solid electrolyte interphase. Additionally, the distinct solvated sheath structure favors the decomposition of fluorinated solvents and PF<sub>6−</sub> anions, forming inorganic-rich electrode-electrolyte interfaces (SEI and CEI), thereby ensuring high stability for both the Li anode and high-voltage cathode. Hence, when applied in the full-cell Li||LiMn<sub>0.8</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, it displays consistent cycling performance, exhibiting minimal capacity decay with a retention rate of 62.5% after 800 cycles, substantially surpassing that of cells using base electrolytes (29.8%).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10088,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Chemical Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"Article 110385"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110261
Siwei Wang , Wei-Lei Zhou , Yong Chen
{"title":"Cucurbituril and cyclodextrin co-confinement-based multilevel assembly for single-molecule phosphorescence resonance energy transfer behavior","authors":"Siwei Wang , Wei-Lei Zhou , Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10088,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Chemical Letters","volume":"35 12","pages":"Article 110261"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110389
Yan-Jiang Li, Shu-Lei Chou, Yao Xiao
The detrimental phase transformations of sodium layered transition metal oxides (NaxTMO2) during desodiation/sodiation seriously suppress their practical applications for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Undoubtedly, comprehensively investigating of the dynamic crystal structure evolutions of NaxTMO2 associating with Na ions extraction/intercalation and then deeply understanding of the relationships between electrochemical performances and phase structures drawing support from advanced characterization techniques are indispensable. In-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), a powerful technology to distinguish the crystal structure of electrode materials, has been widely used to identify the phase evolutions of NaxTMO2 and then profoundly revealed the electrochemical reaction processes. In this review, we begin with the descriptions of synchrotron characterization techniques and then present the advantages of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) over conventional XRD in detail. The optimizations of structural stability and electrochemical properties for P2-, O3-, and P2/O3-type NaxTMO2 cathodes through single/dual-site substitution, high-entropy design, phase composition regulation, and surface engineering are summarized. The dynamic crystal structure evolutions of NaxTMO2 polytypes during Na ion extraction/intercalation as well as corresponding structural enhancement mechanisms characterizing by means of HEXRD are concluded. The interior relationships between structure/component of NaxTMO2 polytypes and their electrochemical properties are discussed. Finally, we look forward the research directions and issues in the route to improve the electrochemical properties of NaxTMO2 cathodes for SIBs in the future and the combined utilizations of multiple characterization techniques. This review will provide significant guidelines for rational designs of high-performance NaxTMO2 cathodes.
钠层状过渡金属氧化物（NaxTMO2）在去阳极化/阳极化过程中的有害相变严重阻碍了其在钠离子电池（SIB）中的实际应用。毋庸置疑，全面研究 NaxTMO2 与 Na 离子萃取/插层相关的动态晶体结构演变，并在先进表征技术的支持下深入理解电化学性能与相结构之间的关系是必不可少的。原位高能 X 射线衍射（HEXRD）是一种区分电极材料晶体结构的强大技术，已被广泛用于识别 NaxTMO2 的相变，进而深刻揭示其电化学反应过程。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了同步辐射表征技术，然后详细介绍了同步辐射 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 相对于传统 XRD 的优势。总结了通过单/双位点置换、高熵设计、相组成调节和表面工程优化 P2-、O3- 和 P2/O3 型 NaxTMO2 阴极的结构稳定性和电化学性能。总结了 Na 离子萃取/插层过程中 NaxTMO2 多类型晶体结构的动态演变，以及通过 HEXRD 表征的相应结构增强机制。我们还讨论了 NaxTMO2 聚合物的结构/组分与其电化学特性之间的内部关系。最后，我们展望了未来改善用于 SIB 的 NaxTMO2 阴极电化学性能的研究方向和问题，以及多种表征技术的综合利用。本综述将为高性能 NaxTMO2 阴极的合理设计提供重要指导。
{"title":"Detecting dynamic structural evolution based on in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction technology for sodium layered oxide cathodes","authors":"Yan-Jiang Li, Shu-Lei Chou, Yao Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detrimental phase transformations of sodium layered transition metal oxides (Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub>) during desodiation/sodiation seriously suppress their practical applications for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Undoubtedly, comprehensively investigating of the dynamic crystal structure evolutions of Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> associating with Na ions extraction/intercalation and then deeply understanding of the relationships between electrochemical performances and phase structures drawing support from advanced characterization techniques are indispensable. <em>In-situ</em> high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), a powerful technology to distinguish the crystal structure of electrode materials, has been widely used to identify the phase evolutions of Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> and then profoundly revealed the electrochemical reaction processes. In this review, we begin with the descriptions of synchrotron characterization techniques and then present the advantages of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) over conventional XRD in detail. The optimizations of structural stability and electrochemical properties for P2-, O3-, and P2/O3-type Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> cathodes through single/dual-site substitution, high-entropy design, phase composition regulation, and surface engineering are summarized. The dynamic crystal structure evolutions of Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> polytypes during Na ion extraction/intercalation as well as corresponding structural enhancement mechanisms characterizing by means of HEXRD are concluded. The interior relationships between structure/component of Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> polytypes and their electrochemical properties are discussed. Finally, we look forward the research directions and issues in the route to improve the electrochemical properties of Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> cathodes for SIBs in the future and the combined utilizations of multiple characterization techniques. This review will provide significant guidelines for rational designs of high-performance Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> cathodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10088,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Chemical Letters","volume":"36 2","pages":"Article 110389"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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