Nature-Based Solutions最新文献

This paper made a systematic literature review about Nature-based Solutions and public policies worldwide, considering the Web of Science database. The study proposal is to enable others NbS public policies for climate change. Based on PRISMA and PICO methodology, 55 final documents were analyzed. The papers mostly addressed locations in the northern hemisphere, adopted different methodologies and were mainly related to the Sustainable Development Goal 11 and 13. The NbS approach object of those papers were commonly infrastructure-related or ecosystem-based, representing 63,7 % of the papers. The present study found that there is no preferred NbS public policy. The public policy must be performed considering the specificities, the adaptation intended, and the climate change effects addressed. This study proved that NbS gives a wide range of opportunities to face climate challenges, with affordable solutions.

Nature-based solutions have gained popularity as an approach to tackling hydro-meteorological hazards (HMHs) in both urban and rural settings. Despite this popularity, challenges persist regarding the evidence base for their effectiveness and data scarcity at the feature or site scale. Flood modelling is a common approach to quantifying the effectiveness of NbS; however, the accuracy of these models heavily depends on the accuracy of the DEM, land cover, and hydraulic/hydrological data utilised. Remote and rural settings often face data scarcity due to the challenging nature of data collection, and insufficient funding for monitoring. Additionally, NbS features vary in size and scale, with many being small (<1 m in width), posing challenges for accurate representation in national LiDAR datasets. Technological advancements in remote sensing technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, handheld LiDAR, and GPS-GNSS, offer opportunities to gather high-resolution, high-accuracy data in these challenging locations. This article proposes a methodological framework for collecting elevation data at remote NbS sites that can tackle areas affected by both sparse and dense vegetation cover. This approach proves valuable in both pre-NbS implementation, through facilitating NbS opportunity and environmental risk identification, and post-NbS implementation, through aiding in geo-spatial feature location, improving existing DEM data for flood modelling, and monitoring temporal changes.

Mosses are rarely explicitly included in urban green infrastructure projects in much of North America. Nevertheless, their opportunistic colonization of impervious surfaces in the absence of intervention, combined with successful tests of their suitability in other parts of the world, suggests that they may be suited to expanded use in applications such as green roofs, and beneficial to urban ecosystem services. Such inclusion requires more detailed knowledge of both general methods for incorporating mosses into green infrastructure, and species-specific knowledge on propagation methods and maximizing growth. In this report, we present a 3-year green roof trial with five types of moss replicated across both wild and lab grown inocula, on both sheltered and exposed asphalt roof surfaces in Atlantic Canada. The exposed roof surface was not conducive to bryophyte survival; repeated wind damage, combined with rapid onset of chlorosis from drought stress, resulted in a complete mortality of all species in that condition. In the sheltered habitat, all species were still present by the third year, but with much lower cover than was present post-installation. In general, wild-harvested shoots survived better than lab-cultivated ones, and those mosses transplanted from shady habitats fared better than those from sunny habitats. We conclude that surface attachment and degree of exposure are the most important factors for establishing moss growth on asphalt roofs, whereas selecting among species may be important only in the context of maximizing long-term growth under highly localized conditions, such as high litter deposition or partial vs. full shade from overhead trees.

Willows (Salix SPP.) are increasingly being grown as a source of biomass which can be harnessed for energy production at a commercial scale as one example of a Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) crop. What is less widely understood is the role of the plants in reducing nutrient loads when planted as a nature-based solution to mitigate diffuse pollution from agricultural lands. Strategically planted woodland and forest can play a major role in Nature Based Solutions (NBS) approaches. SRC willows were planted in a 22-ha grassland micro-catchment located on a research farm in Northern Ireland, which is regularly grazed by cattle and sheep. The micro-catchment comprises a small ditch with upstream and downstream monitoring points where a pair of autosamplers were used to collect water samples for nutrient analysis. It was possible to reconstruct a timeseries of hourly discharge in the ungauged micro-catchment using the SHETRAN hydrological model. Subsequently, the modelled flows were used to estimate daily phosphorus (P) loads at both upstream and downstream monitoring points from the measured P concentrations. The nearly four years (June 2018–April 2022) of monitoring data allowed P loads to be calculated for pre-planting, juvenile trees and mature trees phases. A baseline scenario was run without any changes to the model; this evaluated the changes in P loads from the catchment. A further Post-Willows scenario “P–W” modified some model parameters and evapotranspiration to represent the land use change due to the willow plantation. The results from the baseline were evaluated and showed that (i) there was a statistically significant reduction in particulate P (PP) and total P (TP) concentrations at the outlet of the micro-catchment; (ii) a statistically significant reduction in PP and TP loads, indicating that the willows were reducing PP export (losses) probably by trapping fine sediment in the ditch. Results from the P–W scenario showed a smaller than expected decrease in discharge from the model results. The overall export of TP from the micro-catchment could be further decreased by additional planting of SRC willows, but the export of soluble forms of P did not decrease by a significant amount post-planting which is a recommendation for further study in mitigation programmes. The use of SRC willows in riparian buffer strips (RBS) which are a common form of NBS, has shown promising results in terms of trapping particulate forms of P. The layout of the RBS should also be carefully designed in terms of maximising the buffer strip width, here the areas planted was optimised to make best use of unproductive farmland. If the RBS can be designed to maximise the interception of runoff flowing downhill from agricultural fields then the removal rate should be even higher.

Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) and ecosystem restoration are often conflated, but cannot be assumed to be identical. Understanding and choosing between these different framings is important. It affects our ambitions for reinvigorating natural systems, the range of actors and resources that can be drawn on to achieve them, and every part of how interventions are planned, delivered and appraised.

To explore the differences and relationships between NbS and restoration we focus on freshwater catchment management initiatives, but our points are relevant to initiatives in other settings or framed in other terms. We firstly identify the potential differences by analysing accepted definitions of restoration and Nature-Based Solutions; and we then illustrate these with examples of catchment management in UK and Ireland, with which we are familiar from our own work and collaborations.

These real-world cases demonstrate that the framings of restoration and NbS can lead to different priorities for how ecosystems and natural processes are managed; and who is involved and how projects develop. The cases also show that interventions may be somewhere on a continuum somewhere in between the two concepts, and potentially shift over time. There is often a lack of clarity over why these terms are used, causing sometimes unacknowledged confusion and potentially missed opportunities to improve catchment management.

Different stakeholder groups involved in catchment management could benefit from more opportunity to explicitly reflect on preferred goals, and the implications for how to achieve this. We need more explicit reflection on the purpose of an intervention, and then different actors from site-managers to policy and other enabling groups can plan to achieve that vision. Given the time lags between interventions and outcomes, it is particularly important to use these insights in adaptive approaches to understand the changing drivers shaping current and future action.

Digital enablers are defined as usage of digital tools along with complementary methods and content, devised for addressing particular purposes, in support of engaging citizens in co-creation processes related to Nature Based Solutions (NBS). Their main goal is to offer advantages and opportunities to boost processes of NBS co-creation, co-monitoring and co-development involving citizens and other stakeholders. This article presents and discuss challenges, method perspectives related to the design of a multi-thematic digital enabler: a smartphone application dedicate to well-being. This application has been designed considering a comparative study of five digital enablers, a survey (about smartphone use in relation with environmental monitoring by citizen on felt temperature and also on air, water and soil qualities) and a participative activity lead during Nantes city “Fête de la science” a French national event promoting synergies and dialogue between scientists and citizens.

© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Urban floods induced by the compound effects of climate change and rapid urbanisation are one of the key challenges facing many Chinese cities. In 2013, China initiated the Sponge City Program (SCP) to address this issue via constructing/restoring green-blue infrastructure as Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). Various green and blue spaces have been integrated into traditional grey facilities to mitigate urban floods, provide recreational venues, and enhance the natural aesthetics of urban landscapes. While housing development has been actively included in NBS provision, it remains unclear whether and how homebuying decisions might be influenced by NBS implementation under the framework of the Sponge City Program. Our study uses Guiyang, one of the pilots selected by the central government for the construction of “Sponge City” via implementing NBS. In-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 25) were used to examine whether the multiple benefits generated by newly established green-blue (sponge) facilities would affect residents’ home-purchasing preferences/decisions. We found that the provision of a green and blue facility, and whether it is part of the SCP or not, significantly influences a homebuyers’ choice. This study sheds additional light on the nexus of end users (homebuyers) and NBS provision (developers) under the framework of the Sponge City Program, generating practical implications for stakeholder engagement for NBS implementation to achieve sustainable urbanization.

Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer ways to preserve, restore and manage ecosystems to meet today's societal challenges by combining benefits for society and biodiversity. They incorporate natural features and processes into projects to ensure their sustainable development while investing in the integrity of ecosystems. “Forest-based solutions” (FbS) can be identified as NbS forests that provide both human well-being and biodiversity benefits. In this paper, we intend to consider FbS as solutions that help reconcile natural hazard control with biodiversity benefits, and especially highlight the practices and research needs in this field. FbS in this article correspond specifically to forests used or managed for mitigating natural hazards linked to gravity (rockfalls and avalanches) or to water (floods and drought), while preserving, restoring or managing biodiversity. Firstly, we review the definition and development of FbS applied to natural hazard reduction, while stressing issues concerning the design, implementation, and monitoring of these kinds of actions. Secondly, we point out the need to combine natural hazard control with restoration, preservation and management of ecosystems, by posing novel practice and research questions.

Traditionally, the planning, investment, management, and evaluation of combined sewer networks has been the domain of hydraulic modelling using narrowly defined indicators associated with spill frequencies, flows and waterbody environmental quality standards. Due to concerns about the increasing frequency and impact of combined sewer overflow (CSO) ‘spill’ events, many cities and citizens are realising or reassessing the problems that accompany these systems, and considering alternatives including nature-based solutions (NBS). We report on an investigation of the impacts of urban stormwater management and CSOs, addressing key issues of framing, assessment and measures of success.  With increasing interest being directed towards NBS for urban water management, we asked the questions: Which additional or alternative measures of success might be applied to judge the success or otherwise of different approaches? What outcomes are viewed as beneficial or problematic, what benefits should be optimised and what adverse impacts should be designed out? Reflecting on recent impact assessment guidance and drawing on research in a city with a globally leading reputation for innovation and ecological sustainability practices (Berlin), we explore how the conceptual, practical and methodological frameworks might evolve over time. Factors affecting investments in stormwater management, whether involving conventional hard infrastructure or using NBS, go well beyond simple measures of flow, storage, volume and frequency. Public notions of value and legitimacy in urban water management are changing fast. We conclude with recommendations as to how city stakeholders may together develop more comprehensive assessments of combined sewer impacts and stormwater management practices.