The pursuit of eco-friendly nanomaterials with both antibacterial and anticancer properties is gaining momentum in biomedical research. This study reports the green synthesis of Silver and Zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite using Coleus amboinicus leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. Characterization via UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed absorption peaks at approximately 280 nm and 370 nm, indicative of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles, respectively. FTIR analysis identified phytochemical-derived functional groups responsible for particle stabilization, while SEM imaging showed agglomerated nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 100 to 150 nm. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanocomposites. The biosynthesized Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant strains including Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with significant zones of inhibition observed at a concentration of 80 μg/mL. Furthermore, the nanocomposite displayed promising anticancer activity against A549 lung cancer cells, achieving an IC₅₀ of 60 μg/mL after 24 h, as determined by MTT assay. Morphological features of apoptosis, such as membrane blebbing and nuclear condensation, were observed, while AO/EtBr, DCFDA, and Rhodamine 123 staining confirmed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings suggest a ROS mediated mechanism underlying the dual antibacterial and anticancer activities of the Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. This green synthesis approach provides a sustainable strategy for developing multifunctional nanomaterials, although further in vivo studies are required to confirm efficacy and elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved for future therapeutic applications.
{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanocomposite using Coleus amboinicus: Structural characterization and evaluation of antibacterial and anticancer activities","authors":"Muthuvel Surya , Yugal Kishore Mohanta , Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh , Muthupandi Sankar , Chellasamy Panneerselvam , Vincent Savariar , Muthupandian Saravanan","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of eco-friendly nanomaterials with both antibacterial and anticancer properties is gaining momentum in biomedical research. This study reports the green synthesis of Silver and Zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO) nanocomposite using <em>Coleus amboinicus</em> leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. Characterization via UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed absorption peaks at approximately 280 nm and 370 nm, indicative of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles, respectively. FTIR analysis identified phytochemical-derived functional groups responsible for particle stabilization, while SEM imaging showed agglomerated nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 100 to 150 nm. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanocomposites. The biosynthesized Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant strains including <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, MRSA, and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, with significant zones of inhibition observed at a concentration of 80 μg/mL. Furthermore, the nanocomposite displayed promising anticancer activity against A549 lung cancer cells, achieving an IC₅₀ of 60 μg/mL after 24 h, as determined by MTT assay. Morphological features of apoptosis, such as membrane blebbing and nuclear condensation, were observed, while AO/EtBr, DCFDA, and Rhodamine 123 staining confirmed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings suggest a ROS mediated mechanism underlying the dual antibacterial and anticancer activities of the Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. This green synthesis approach provides a sustainable strategy for developing multifunctional nanomaterials, although further in vivo studies are required to confirm efficacy and elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved for future therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chaetomorpha linum is a green macroalgae genus known for its unbranched cylindrical cell filaments that are typically found in sea intertidal zones. Phytochemical screening of its crude and aqueous extracts revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, with flavonoids and steroids predominantly present in the aqueous extract. These phytochemicals acted as reducing and stabilizing agents for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs. UV–Vis absorption at 309 nm and a bandgap of 3.63 eV confirmed the formation of ZnO NPs. FTIR analysis identified functional groups including carboxylic acids, conjugated alkenes, and sulfones, correlating with the phytochemical constituents. X-ray diffraction revealed the semi-crystalline nature of the synthesized NPs, composed of both crystalline ZnO and amorphous organic matter. SEM analysis revealed that the ZnO NPs were spherical in shape, with diameters ranging from 15 to 35 nm. EDAX revealed the elemental composition of the NPs. DLS analysis showed an average size of 86.2 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.294, and a zeta potential of –28.7 mV indicated good colloidal stability. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized ZnO NPs was evaluated against various bacterial strains, demonstrating significant inhibitory zones, with Streptococcus mutans being the most susceptible among the tested strains. Furthermore, a protein denaturation assay revealed that the Chaetomorpha linum extract has dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activities, highlighting its potential for inflammation reduction.
{"title":"Unlocking the bioactive potential: ZnO NPs synthesized from Chaetomorpha linum aqueous extract","authors":"Ragul Gunasekaran , Krupa Jyotsnika , Kamala Kannan , Pitchiah Sivaperumal","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Chaetomorpha linum</em> is a green macroalgae genus known for its unbranched cylindrical cell filaments that are typically found in sea intertidal zones. Phytochemical screening of its crude and aqueous extracts revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, with flavonoids and steroids predominantly present in the aqueous extract. These phytochemicals acted as reducing and stabilizing agents for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs. UV–Vis absorption at 309 nm and a bandgap of 3.63 eV confirmed the formation of ZnO NPs. FTIR analysis identified functional groups including carboxylic acids, conjugated alkenes, and sulfones, correlating with the phytochemical constituents. X-ray diffraction revealed the semi-crystalline nature of the synthesized NPs, composed of both crystalline ZnO and amorphous organic matter. SEM analysis revealed that the ZnO NPs were spherical in shape, with diameters ranging from 15 to 35 nm. EDAX revealed the elemental composition of the NPs. DLS analysis showed an average size of 86.2 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.294, and a zeta potential of –28.7 mV indicated good colloidal stability. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized ZnO NPs was evaluated against various bacterial strains, demonstrating significant inhibitory zones, with <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> being the most susceptible among the tested strains. Furthermore, a protein denaturation assay revealed that the <em>Chaetomorpha linum</em> extract has dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activities, highlighting its potential for inflammation reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effectiveness of cancer treatment is hindered by the side effects of chemotherapy, drug resistance, and the spread of tumor. Therefore, necessitating alternative treatment methods. Nanotechnology holds promise for the future of cancer treatment. The present study utilizes an aqueous extract derived from Pisum sativum (green peas) waste peels to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-PS NPs) and investigate their novel anticancer activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells in vitro via a straightforward, affordable, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic biogenic route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of ZnO-PS NPs with an average crystallite size of 22.63 nm, exhibiting a hexagonal (wurtzite) structure. TEM results revealed an average particle size of 18.064 nm. The UV-Vis spectrum displayed a prominent peak at 370 nm and an energy band gap of 3.35 eV. The FT-IR spectroscopy identified the surface biomolecules. Cytotoxicity experiments conducted using the MTT method demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect of ZnO-PS NPs against HeLa cells, with an IC50 value of 55 ± 1.27 μM. Furthermore, docking studies were performed on cancer-related proteins (Crm1, HPV oncoprotein E-6, Transketolase, BRAF, and NF-kappa proteins) involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation.
{"title":"Biogenic, facile, and sustainable pathway of obtaining ZnO-PS nanoparticles through Pisum sativum waste peels, their characterization and cytotoxic assessment against HeLa cell line via experimental and computational methods","authors":"Mehar Rizvi , Renu Gupta , Saurabh Kumar , Monisha Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of cancer treatment is hindered by the side effects of chemotherapy, drug resistance, and the spread of tumor. Therefore, necessitating alternative treatment methods. Nanotechnology holds promise for the future of cancer treatment. The present study utilizes an aqueous extract derived from <em>Pisum sativum</em> (green peas) waste peels to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-PS NPs) and investigate their novel anticancer activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells <em>in vitro</em> via a straightforward, affordable, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic biogenic route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of ZnO-PS NPs with an average crystallite size of 22.63 nm, exhibiting a hexagonal (wurtzite) structure. TEM results revealed an average particle size of 18.064 nm. The UV-Vis spectrum displayed a prominent peak at 370 nm and an energy band gap of 3.35 eV. The FT-IR spectroscopy identified the surface biomolecules. Cytotoxicity experiments conducted using the MTT method demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect of ZnO-PS NPs against HeLa cells, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 55 ± 1.27 μM. Furthermore, docking studies were performed on cancer-related proteins (Crm1, HPV oncoprotein E-6, Transketolase, BRAF, and NF-kappa proteins) involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays important roles in biological and industrial processes, making its reliable detection essential. But its excessive levels pose health and ecological risks, necessitating sensitive detection methods. The present study presents synthesis and characterization of gold nanorods (AuNRs) and their reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites as a dual optical–electrochemical platform for H₂O₂ sensing. AuNRs show a clear LSPR response with an optical detection limit of ∼18 µM, while integrating them with RGO greatly enhances electrochemical performance through improved charge transfer and structural stability. The electrochemical studies identify RGO-AuNRs electrode delivery for a broad linear range (17 nM–1 mM) with almost 3 times enhancement in sensitivity compared to AuNRs alone which shows only lower detection limit for H2O2 sensing. The combined optical and electrochemical behavior, together with improved stability and cost-effective synthesis, demonstrates the advantage of this hybrid material and highlights its potential for practical biosensing applications.
{"title":"Synergistic nanocomposites of gold nanorods and reduced graphene oxide for optical and electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide","authors":"Sumit Dokwal , Poonam Mahendia , Monika Matiyani , Suman Mahendia","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) plays important roles in biological and industrial processes, making its reliable detection essential. But its excessive levels pose health and ecological risks, necessitating sensitive detection methods. The present study presents synthesis and characterization of gold nanorods (AuNRs) and their reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites as a dual optical–electrochemical platform for H₂O₂ sensing. AuNRs show a clear LSPR response with an optical detection limit of ∼18 µM, while integrating them with RGO greatly enhances electrochemical performance through improved charge transfer and structural stability. The electrochemical studies identify RGO-AuNRs electrode delivery for a broad linear range (17 nM–1 mM) with almost 3 times enhancement in sensitivity compared to AuNRs alone which shows only lower detection limit for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> sensing. The combined optical and electrochemical behavior, together with improved stability and cost-effective synthesis, demonstrates the advantage of this hybrid material and highlights its potential for practical biosensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"100344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100342
Hina Anjum Kouser , E. Vinay Kumar , Vinuta Kamat , H.S. Bhojya Naik
Recent advancements in photocatalytic technologies have opened sustainable pathways for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. In the present study, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-modified ZnFe₂O₄ (rGO-ZFO) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized using a simple solution combustion method to improve charge separation efficiency and enhance visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, and PL analyses, which confirmed the successful incorporation of rGO into the ZnFe₂O₄ matrix. The modification led to enhanced crystallinity, suppression of charge carrier recombination, and a reduction in band gap energy. These improvements significantly contributed to the superior photocatalytic performance of the rGO-ZFO composite, achieving 93 % degradation of methylene blue under visible light within 180 min. Furthermore, scavenger experiments identified the major reactive species involved in the degradation pathway, providing deeper insight into the underlying mechanism. This study establishes a clear structure-property-performance correlation and highlights that rGO incorporation effectively optimizes the electronic and surface characteristics of ZnFe₂O₄, rendering it a promising, eco-friendly, and efficient photocatalyst for wastewater treatment applications.
{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation phenomena of methylene blue dye by ZnFe2O4 decorated with rGO nanocomposites under visible light irradiation","authors":"Hina Anjum Kouser , E. Vinay Kumar , Vinuta Kamat , H.S. Bhojya Naik","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in photocatalytic technologies have opened sustainable pathways for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. In the present study, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-modified ZnFe₂O₄ (rGO-ZFO) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized using a simple solution combustion method to improve charge separation efficiency and enhance visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, and PL analyses, which confirmed the successful incorporation of rGO into the ZnFe₂O₄ matrix. The modification led to enhanced crystallinity, suppression of charge carrier recombination, and a reduction in band gap energy. These improvements significantly contributed to the superior photocatalytic performance of the rGO-ZFO composite, achieving 93 % degradation of methylene blue under visible light within 180 min. Furthermore, scavenger experiments identified the major reactive species involved in the degradation pathway, providing deeper insight into the underlying mechanism. This study establishes a clear structure-property-performance correlation and highlights that rGO incorporation effectively optimizes the electronic and surface characteristics of ZnFe₂O₄, rendering it a promising, eco-friendly, and efficient photocatalyst for wastewater treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100343
Abdolreza Abri, Monireh Noroozi
The growing need for sustainable agricultural practices has spurred interest in green-synthesized nanomaterials as alternatives to synthetic fungicides like benomyl, which face challenges of resistance development and environmental toxicity. This study demonstrates the dual potential of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) as a source of bioactive compounds and a platform for eco-friendly silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis. AgNPs were biosynthesized using lavender extract and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, FT-IR, and XRD, revealing spherical nanoparticles (46–52 nm) stabilized by plant metabolites. While lavender’s ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts showed limited antifungal activity against pathogens (Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum musae, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum, Fusarium proliferatum, and Bipolaris sorokiniana), its essential oil exhibited good inhibition (72–75 % at 2000–4000 ppm). In contrast, the lavender-synthesized AgNPs displayed remarkable broad-spectrum efficacy, achieving 90 % inhibition of C. musae at 1000 ppm and 96 % inhibition of A. alternata at 1000 ppm—surpassing both lavender extracts and conventional benomyl in persistence and penetration ability in PDA media. The nanoparticles’ superior performance is suggested to be due to their green synthesis-derived biocompatible capping agents and potential multimodal antifungal mechanisms, as supported by the literature, including cell wall disruption and oxidative stress induction. This work underscores lavender-based AgNPs as a sustainable, resistance-proof alternative to chemical fungicides, aligning with green chemistry principles by minimizing synthetic inputs and environmental impact while enhancing crop protection.
{"title":"Extraction of essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia flowers for the green synthesis of AgNPs and evaluation of their antifungal activity","authors":"Abdolreza Abri, Monireh Noroozi","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing need for sustainable agricultural practices has spurred interest in green-synthesized nanomaterials as alternatives to synthetic fungicides like benomyl, which face challenges of resistance development and environmental toxicity. This study demonstrates the dual potential of <em>Lavandula angustifolia</em> (lavender) as a source of bioactive compounds and a platform for eco-friendly silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis. AgNPs were biosynthesized using lavender extract and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, FT-IR, and XRD, revealing spherical nanoparticles (46–52 nm) stabilized by plant metabolites. While lavender’s ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts showed limited antifungal activity against pathogens (<em>Alternaria alternata</em>, <em>Colletotrichum musae</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, <em>Penicillium digitatum</em>, <em>Fusarium proliferatum</em>, and <em>Bipolaris sorokiniana</em>), its essential oil exhibited good inhibition (72–75 % at 2000–4000 ppm). In contrast, the lavender-synthesized AgNPs displayed remarkable broad-spectrum efficacy, achieving 90 % inhibition of <em>C. musae</em> at 1000 ppm and 96 % inhibition of <em>A. alternata</em> at 1000 ppm—surpassing both lavender extracts and conventional benomyl in persistence and penetration ability in PDA media. The nanoparticles’ superior performance is suggested to be due to their green synthesis-derived biocompatible capping agents and potential multimodal antifungal mechanisms, as supported by the literature, including cell wall disruption and oxidative stress induction. This work underscores lavender-based AgNPs as a sustainable, resistance-proof alternative to chemical fungicides, aligning with green chemistry principles by minimizing synthetic inputs and environmental impact while enhancing crop protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100335
Varshika Singh , Sukrat Sinha , Jaya Verma
The incorporation of bioinformatics into drug delivery research is revolutionizing the creation, development, and refinement of biomaterials utilized in therapeutic settings. Biomaterials, including nanomaterials, liposomes, and hydrogels, are essential components of drug delivery systems (DDS), as they enable controlled release, target specific tissues, and improve bioavailability. Nonetheless, grasping the interactions between these materials and biological systems poses a significant challenge. Increasingly, bioinformatics techniques such as molecular dynamics simulations, machine learning models, and docking analyses are being employed to forecast and enhance these interactions. These computational methods are vital for expediting the advancement of more effective and personalized drug delivery systems. This paper highlights the significance of bioinformatics in elucidating and predicting the interactions between biomaterials and biological systems, providing valuable perspectives on the future of drug delivery design.
{"title":"Bioinformatics models in drug delivery: Predicting biomaterial-biological interactions for targeted therapies","authors":"Varshika Singh , Sukrat Sinha , Jaya Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incorporation of bioinformatics into drug delivery research is revolutionizing the creation, development, and refinement of biomaterials utilized in therapeutic settings. Biomaterials, including nanomaterials, liposomes, and hydrogels, are essential components of drug delivery systems (DDS), as they enable controlled release, target specific tissues, and improve bioavailability. Nonetheless, grasping the interactions between these materials and biological systems poses a significant challenge. Increasingly, bioinformatics techniques such as molecular dynamics simulations, machine learning models, and docking analyses are being employed to forecast and enhance these interactions. These computational methods are vital for expediting the advancement of more effective and personalized drug delivery systems. This paper highlights the significance of bioinformatics in elucidating and predicting the interactions between biomaterials and biological systems, providing valuable perspectives on the future of drug delivery design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The removal of heavy metals from wastewater presents a significant environmental challenge because these contaminants can have serious effects on human health and ecosystems. This study assesses the effectiveness of various adsorption materials, focusing particularly on nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), known for its biocompatibility, stability, and sorption capacity. nHAp and its composites has been shown in numerous studies to remove toxic heavy metal ions from water. The adsorption process is influenced by key parameters, including temperature and pH, which can affect the performance of the material. This study provides valuable insights (from 2018 to 2024) into the mechanisms and conditions that optimize the removal of heavy metal ions, highlighting the potential of nHAP as a sustainable solution for water treatment.
{"title":"Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) and its composites for heavy metal removal from water: A comprehensive review","authors":"Vaishali , Anjaneyulu Bendi , Sushma Singh , Rashmi Pundeer","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The removal of heavy metals from wastewater presents a significant environmental challenge because these contaminants can have serious effects on human health and ecosystems. This study assesses the effectiveness of various adsorption materials, focusing particularly on nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), known for its biocompatibility, stability, and sorption capacity. nHAp and its composites has been shown in numerous studies to remove toxic heavy metal ions from water. The adsorption process is influenced by key parameters, including temperature and pH, which can affect the performance of the material. This study provides valuable insights (from 2018 to 2024) into the mechanisms and conditions that optimize the removal of heavy metal ions, highlighting the potential of nHAP as a sustainable solution for water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metal-organic framework (MOF) is known as an advanced material with high surface area and porosity and emerging for environmental remediation. In this study, a sustainable zirconium-based MOF, known as UiO-66 was synthesized using zirconium oxynitrate as a chloride-less metal precursor and organic linker from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET). Synthesis parameters were optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and achieved the maximum BET surface area of 755 m2/g. To evaluate for microplastic removal, the UiO-66 were incorporated into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based mixed-matrix membranes (MMM). The properties and characterizations including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman Spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis, confirmed the structure and composition of the materials. Filtration test demonstrated up to 105 ± 0.57 % removal efficiency against polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), act as microplastic suspension. This work presents a sustainable approach to convert plastic waste into functional MOF and offer a green and effective strategy for environmental cleanup applications.
{"title":"From pollution to solution: Optimized UiO-66 based metal-organic framework for environmental cleanup","authors":"Azieyanti Nurain Azmin , Pua Fei Ling , Halina Misran","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-organic framework (MOF) is known as an advanced material with high surface area and porosity and emerging for environmental remediation. In this study, a sustainable zirconium-based MOF, known as UiO-66 was synthesized using zirconium oxynitrate as a chloride-less metal precursor and organic linker from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET). Synthesis parameters were optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and achieved the maximum BET surface area of 755 m<sup>2</sup>/g. To evaluate for microplastic removal, the UiO-66 were incorporated into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based mixed-matrix membranes (MMM). The properties and characterizations including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman Spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis, confirmed the structure and composition of the materials. Filtration test demonstrated up to 105 ± 0.57 % removal efficiency against polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), act as microplastic suspension. This work presents a sustainable approach to convert plastic waste into functional MOF and offer a green and effective strategy for environmental cleanup applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100323
Sylvanus Bisaba Ruvubu , Indrajit Roy
<div><div>This study explores the biomedical and insecticidal potential of green-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) from <em>Pueraria montana</em> roots, <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em>, and <em>Tephrosia vogelii</em> leaves. Antibacterial activity of ZnO, CuO, AgNPs, and NiO–CuO nanocomposites was tested against <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>S. pyogenes</em>, and <em>E. coli</em>. The nanoparticles (ROS) generation, disruption of the cell membrane, release of metal ions, and synergistic effects of phytochemical capping agents. The AgNPs showed the strongest activity against gram-positive strains, while ZnO was more effective against <em>E. coli.</em> CuO and AgNPs outperformed ZnO due to smaller size and higher reactivity. At 50 µg/disc, most of these NPs achieved over 70 % of standard antibiotic efficacy. Insecticidal testing against <em>Periplaneta americana</em> showed that <em>T. vogelii</em> derived ZnO NPs caused 33.3 % mortality in 20 min at 50 ppm and over 99 % at 100–200 ppm in 2–6 h. Based on MIC assays conducted using standard broth microdilution methods, AgNPs exhibited the lowest inhibitory concentrations (12.5 ± 0.5 µg/ml) against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>S. pyogenes</em>, demonstrating stronger antibacterial potency than CuO, ZnO, and NiO–CuO nanoparticles. In contrast, ZnO nanocomposites showed the greatest efficacy against <em>E. coli</em> (MIC value of 14.2 ± 1.4 µg/ml), highlighting differential activity of the green-synthesized nanoparticles depending on bacterial type. These quantitative results provide robust experimental support for the comparative efficacy, linking nanoparticle physicochemical properties, ion release, ROS generation, and phytochemical capping to observed antibacterial performance and thus indicating AgNPs’ superior activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Statistical analysis confirmed significant effects of these plant-based nanoparticles’ type, dose, and exposure. Characterization with UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM, and XRD confirmed desirable physicochemical properties and strong bioactivity. The two-way ANOVA for corrected mortality in (%) showed that both time and treatment type had statistically significant effect (p < 0.05) on insecticidal efficacy (Corrected Mortality). Insecticidal activity was found not only depended on what is applied and nature of treatment such as NPs type, but also how long it has been applied and the dosage or concentration used. Therefore, both formulation type and exposure duration were critical for insect control strategies. The Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) as a post hoc (analysis after ANOVA test) showed that <em>Tephrosia vogelii</em> was significantly more effective than both <em>Puéraria montana</em> (p = 0.001) and <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em> (p = 0.001) in causing insect mortality. Additionally, there was no significant difference between <em>Puéraria montana</em> and <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em> (p = 0.368), suggesting comparable efficacy between them since ANOVA f
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