Devising a natural and an effective repellent system is the challenge that needs to be addressed to meet the current demand among the people, despite the progress made in the mosquito control. The effort towards this goal should constitute; natural repellent, biodegradability, higher repellent loading, sustained release of the repellent. In this work, natural, biodegradable, eco-friendly and long-lasting mosquito repellent has been prepared with higher loading of citronella oil (1 %) in Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers. Uniaxial (CP-U) and coaxial (CP-C) nanofiber-composites were electrospun using non-toxic, biodegradable PVA at 10 % w/w and citronella oil. It was found that maintaining the outer:inner flow rate ratio at 5:2 in coaxial process is imperative to produce good fibers. Average fiber diameter of CP-U fibers was 138.5 ± 62.5 nm and for CP-C fibers it was 367.3 ± 160.1 nm. TEM analysis confirmed the core-shell structure formed in CP-C fibers by coaxial electrospinning. FTIR analysis indicated CEO incorporation in both composites and thermal analyses showed mass losses corresponding to CEO decomposition, with CP-U fibers exhibiting better thermal stability due to stronger interactions between the oil and polymer. Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 20.19 % ± 0.34 and 1.83 % ± 0.03 for CP-U, and 50.25 % ± 0.32 and 14.85 % ± 0.09 for CP-C, respectively. Further, release patterns and release kinetics were studied. CP-C fibers can effectively release 94.14 % of the encapsulated oil providing an extended protection window compared to matrix encapsulation (68.75 %) after 168 hours. Release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, with CP-U exhibiting Fickian diffusion (n < 0.5) and CP-C showing non-Fickian diffusion (0.5 <n < 1). Mosquito repellent tests showed CP-C fibers were effective (85.4 ± 1.40 %) than CP-U (56.1 ± 2.79 %) and comparable to DEET (28.7 ± 4.94 %) even after 1 week. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time neat-citronella oil has been encapsulated at the core of multi-layered nanofibers. Multi-layered encapsulation of essential oils turned out to be very effective in sustaining their repelling activity for longer periods. The outcome of this work has a high potential to be developed into an attractive-convenient product for the consumers and it can be more beneficial for infants and babies, adults with sensitive skin and school children.
{"title":"Citronella oil-loaded electro-spun single and core-shell nano fibers as sustained repellent systems against Aedes aegypti","authors":"Samali Udara Liyanaarachchi , Sanjeewa K. Rodrigo , Nilwala Kottegoda , Veranja Karunaratne , Menaka Hapugoda , Tharaka Ranathunge , Lahiru Udayanga , Dushmantha Adikari","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Devising a natural and an effective repellent system is the challenge that needs to be addressed to meet the current demand among the people, despite the progress made in the mosquito control. The effort towards this goal should constitute; natural repellent, biodegradability, higher repellent loading, sustained release of the repellent. In this work, natural, biodegradable, eco-friendly and long-lasting mosquito repellent has been prepared with higher loading of citronella oil (1 %) in Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers. Uniaxial (CP-U) and coaxial (CP-C) nanofiber-composites were electrospun using non-toxic, biodegradable PVA at 10 % w/w and citronella oil. It was found that maintaining the outer:inner flow rate ratio at 5:2 in coaxial process is imperative to produce good fibers. Average fiber diameter of CP-U fibers was 138.5 ± 62.5 nm and for CP-C fibers it was 367.3 ± 160.1 nm. TEM analysis confirmed the core-shell structure formed in CP-C fibers by coaxial electrospinning. FTIR analysis indicated CEO incorporation in both composites and thermal analyses showed mass losses corresponding to CEO decomposition, with CP-U fibers exhibiting better thermal stability due to stronger interactions between the oil and polymer. Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 20.19 % ± 0.34 and 1.83 % ± 0.03 for CP-U, and 50.25 % ± 0.32 and 14.85 % ± 0.09 for CP-C, respectively. Further, release patterns and release kinetics were studied. CP-C fibers can effectively release 94.14 % of the encapsulated oil providing an extended protection window compared to matrix encapsulation (68.75 %) after 168 hours. Release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, with CP-U exhibiting Fickian diffusion (n < 0.5) and CP-C showing non-Fickian diffusion (0.5 <n < 1). Mosquito repellent tests showed CP-C fibers were effective (85.4 ± 1.40 %) than CP-U (56.1 ± 2.79 %) and comparable to DEET (28.7 ± 4.94 %) even after 1 week. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time neat-citronella oil has been encapsulated at the core of multi-layered nanofibers. Multi-layered encapsulation of essential oils turned out to be very effective in sustaining their repelling activity for longer periods. The outcome of this work has a high potential to be developed into an attractive-convenient product for the consumers and it can be more beneficial for infants and babies, adults with sensitive skin and school children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100131
Kaitong Sun , Si Wu , Junchao Xia , Yinghao Zhu , Guanping Xu , Hai-Feng Li
Graphene stands as a promising material with vast potential across energy storage, electronics, etc. Here, we present a novel mechanical approach utilizing ultrasonic high-energy intercalation exfoliation to extract monolayer graphene from graphite, offering a simple yet efficient alternative to conventional methods. Through a comprehensive series of characterizations involving atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the resulting graphene nanosheets demonstrate superior crystallinity compared to those obtained via the conventional method. The high-crystalline freestanding graphene nanosheets derived from this method not only facilitate easier separation but also significantly enhance the physical performance of the original materials. This method showcases the potential for scalable production of layered materials with increased yield and crystallinity, paving the way for their utilization in various applications.
{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted liquid phase exfoliation for high-yield monolayer graphene with enhanced crystallinity","authors":"Kaitong Sun , Si Wu , Junchao Xia , Yinghao Zhu , Guanping Xu , Hai-Feng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene stands as a promising material with vast potential across energy storage, electronics, etc. Here, we present a novel mechanical approach utilizing ultrasonic high-energy intercalation exfoliation to extract monolayer graphene from graphite, offering a simple yet efficient alternative to conventional methods. Through a comprehensive series of characterizations involving atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the resulting graphene nanosheets demonstrate superior crystallinity compared to those obtained via the conventional method. The high-crystalline freestanding graphene nanosheets derived from this method not only facilitate easier separation but also significantly enhance the physical performance of the original materials. This method showcases the potential for scalable production of layered materials with increased yield and crystallinity, paving the way for their utilization in various applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100130
Laila M. Alshandoudi , Asaad F. Hassan , Alia Y. Al-Azri , Bushra M. Al Rushaidi
Two solid adsorbents were synthesized: silica nanoparticles (SNp) and chitosan coated-silica nanoparticles (CSNp) as a novel composite based on Oman’s white sand for the effective adsorption of mercuric ions (Hg2 +) from water. Solid adsorbents were described via TGA, N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), zeta potential, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. These techniques revealed that CSNp has a higher thermal stability with 33.6 % mass loss at 900 °C, higher specific surface area (SBET, 483.2 m2/g), nearly neutral point of zero charge at pH 6.7, rich with surface chemical active groups, and 120 nm as TEM average particle size. The prepared adsorbents were utilized in the batch adsorption process to remove Hg2+, with varying application parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial concentration, pH, agitating time, and temperature. The results demonstrated that the CSNp composite had the highest Langmuir adsorption capacity with 497.45 mg/g. The adsorption is well described by nonlinear Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 >0.9684, χ2 0.1043–4.1389) and PSO kinetic models (R2 > 0.9896 and χ2 > 0.3347). The adsorption of Hg2+ on the synthesized solid adsorbents was found to be endothermic (∆Ho, 3.007–6.295 kJ/ mol), spontaneous (∆Go, –6.340 to –8.250 kJ/ mol), favorable (0 <KL <1, 0.0106–0.0120), and physical adsorption process (bT > 43.318 J/mol) in nature. With only a 5 % decline in its adsorption capacity, regeneration depicted that CSNp exhibited a high reusability degree even after ten cycles of adsorption-desorption processes using EDTA as an excellent eluent for Hg2+ desorption.
{"title":"Efficient adsorption of mercuric ions from an aqueous medium by novel chitosan-coated silica nanoparticles based on Oman’s white sand","authors":"Laila M. Alshandoudi , Asaad F. Hassan , Alia Y. Al-Azri , Bushra M. Al Rushaidi","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two solid adsorbents were synthesized: silica nanoparticles (SNp) and chitosan coated-silica nanoparticles (CSNp) as a novel composite based on Oman’s white sand for the effective adsorption of mercuric ions (Hg<sup>2 +</sup>) from water. Solid adsorbents were described via TGA, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), zeta potential, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. These techniques revealed that CSNp has a higher thermal stability with 33.6 % mass loss at 900 °C, higher specific surface area (<em>S</em><sub><em>BET</em>,</sub> 483.2 m<sup>2</sup>/g), nearly neutral point of zero charge at pH 6.7, rich with surface chemical active groups, and 120 nm as TEM average particle size. The prepared adsorbents were utilized in the batch adsorption process to remove Hg<sup>2+</sup>, with varying application parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial concentration, pH, agitating time, and temperature. The results demonstrated that the CSNp composite had the highest Langmuir adsorption capacity with 497.45 mg/g. The adsorption is well described by nonlinear Langmuir adsorption isotherm (<em>R</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> >0.9684, <em>χ</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> 0.1043–4<em>.</em>1389) and PSO kinetic models (<em>R</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> > 0.9896 and <em>χ</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> > 0.3347). The adsorption of Hg<sup>2+</sup> on the synthesized solid adsorbents was found to be endothermic (<em>∆H</em><sup><em>o</em></sup>, 3.007–6.295 kJ/ mol), spontaneous (<em>∆G</em><sup><em>o</em></sup>, –6.340 to –8.250 kJ/ mol), fav<sup><em>o</em></sup>rable (0 <<em>K</em><sub><em>L</em></sub> <1, 0.0106–0.0120), and physical adsorption process (<em>b</em><sub><em>T</em></sub> > 43.318 J/mol) in nature. With only a 5 % decline in its adsorption capacity, regeneration depicted that CSNp exhibited a high reusability degree even after ten cycles of adsorption-desorption processes using EDTA as an excellent eluent for Hg<sup>2+</sup> desorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100129
Fatma Kurul , Hasret Turkmen , Arif E. Cetin , Seda Nur Topkaya
<div><div>This review article comprehensively examines the role of nanotechnology in advancing medical science, with a focus on its applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue engineering. We explore the classification of nanomaterials based on dimensionality, composition, and dispersion, and discuss their critical role in revolutionizing medicine. Nanomaterials such as liposomes, protein-based nanoparticles, and dendrimers are highlighted for their ability to enhance drug delivery systems, improving targeting, bioavailability, and reducing side effects. We investigate theranostics, where nanoparticles integrate diagnostic imaging and treatment capabilities in a single platform, enabling more effective cancer therapies through targeted drug delivery. The article also covers advancements in tissue engineering, where nanomaterial-based scaffolds are used to regenerate damaged tissues and organs. We present novel developments in creating bioinspired scaffolds using chitosan, cellulose, and graphene oxide, which improve cell adhesion and enhance mechanical properties for tissue regeneration. The review also discusses the nanoparticles’ potential in bioimaging tools such as MRI, PET, and fluorescent imaging. We highlight cutting-edge developments in nanoparticle-based contrast agents that improve imaging accuracy and enable real-time monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Our review stands out by integrating recent advancements in the multifunctional use of nanomaterials for personalized medicine. We address the challenges of toxicity, regulatory concerns, and the future potential of nanotechnology in clinical translation, positioning this work as a significant contribution to the field of nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is an emerging field that harnesses the unique properties of nanomaterials to revolutionize healthcare, offering significant advances in diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, therapeutic interventions, and tissue engineering. This review comprehensively examines the various categories of nanomaterials, including metal-based (e.g., gold and silver), carbon-based (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes), organic (e.g., dendrimers and liposomes), and hybrid materials, highlighting their potential applications in drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostics. Nanomaterials are utilized for their ability to improve drug bioavailability, target specific tissues, and enable precise control over drug release, making them highly effective in treating diseases like cancer and neurological disorders. The review explores the mechanisms and clinical applications of key imaging technologies such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), where nanomaterials significantly enhance sensitivity, resolution, and tissue penetration. Additionally, the role of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in fluorescence imaging and the promise of nanoparticle-based theranosti
{"title":"Nanomedicine: How nanomaterials are transforming drug delivery, bio-imaging, and diagnosis","authors":"Fatma Kurul , Hasret Turkmen , Arif E. Cetin , Seda Nur Topkaya","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review article comprehensively examines the role of nanotechnology in advancing medical science, with a focus on its applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue engineering. We explore the classification of nanomaterials based on dimensionality, composition, and dispersion, and discuss their critical role in revolutionizing medicine. Nanomaterials such as liposomes, protein-based nanoparticles, and dendrimers are highlighted for their ability to enhance drug delivery systems, improving targeting, bioavailability, and reducing side effects. We investigate theranostics, where nanoparticles integrate diagnostic imaging and treatment capabilities in a single platform, enabling more effective cancer therapies through targeted drug delivery. The article also covers advancements in tissue engineering, where nanomaterial-based scaffolds are used to regenerate damaged tissues and organs. We present novel developments in creating bioinspired scaffolds using chitosan, cellulose, and graphene oxide, which improve cell adhesion and enhance mechanical properties for tissue regeneration. The review also discusses the nanoparticles’ potential in bioimaging tools such as MRI, PET, and fluorescent imaging. We highlight cutting-edge developments in nanoparticle-based contrast agents that improve imaging accuracy and enable real-time monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Our review stands out by integrating recent advancements in the multifunctional use of nanomaterials for personalized medicine. We address the challenges of toxicity, regulatory concerns, and the future potential of nanotechnology in clinical translation, positioning this work as a significant contribution to the field of nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is an emerging field that harnesses the unique properties of nanomaterials to revolutionize healthcare, offering significant advances in diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, therapeutic interventions, and tissue engineering. This review comprehensively examines the various categories of nanomaterials, including metal-based (e.g., gold and silver), carbon-based (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes), organic (e.g., dendrimers and liposomes), and hybrid materials, highlighting their potential applications in drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostics. Nanomaterials are utilized for their ability to improve drug bioavailability, target specific tissues, and enable precise control over drug release, making them highly effective in treating diseases like cancer and neurological disorders. The review explores the mechanisms and clinical applications of key imaging technologies such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), where nanomaterials significantly enhance sensitivity, resolution, and tissue penetration. Additionally, the role of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in fluorescence imaging and the promise of nanoparticle-based theranosti","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100139
Sandipan Dasgupta , Subhasundar Maji , Sanjay Dey , Moitreyee Chattopadhyay , Ananya Chanda , Satarupa Acharjee , Kousik Santra , Kazi Asraf Ali
Nanotechnology, particularly through the use of nanocomposites, holds great promise in addressing the challenges of skin diseases, which are often difficult to treat due to the complex anatomy of the skin and limitations of traditional therapies. Nanocomposites, composed of nanoparticles integrated into matrix materials like polymers, metals, or ceramics, offer enhanced therapeutic efficacy and targeted delivery. Their unique properties enable customized solutions for specific dermatological applications. For example, graphene oxide-based nanocomposites improve penetration of the skin’s stratum corneum, facilitating deeper drug delivery. Silver and curcumin-based nanocomposites provide controlled release of active ingredients over extended periods, protecting bioactive compounds from degradation. Additionally, hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites enhance mechanical properties and bioactivity through chemical bonding with the polymer matrix. These advancements show significant potential in treating various skin conditions, including wounds, infections, cancer, and tissue engineering. Nanocomposites also excel in antimicrobial therapies, promoting wound healing, combating bacterial and fungal infections, and targeting cancer cells in skin carcinoma treatments. Their ability to improve diagnostic imaging and facilitate tissue regeneration further expands their applications. Despite these promising benefits, concerns about biocompatibility, toxicity, and legal challenges remain, necessitating further research to develop standardized protocols for clinical use. The future of nanocomposites in dermatology looks promising, with innovations in personalized medicine, smart drug delivery, and multifunctional materials driving progress. Continued research and development will be essential to unlock the full potential of nanocomposites in enhancing clinical dermatology. Overall, this review covers the various aspects of nanocomposites for treating of skin diseases and provide a holistic understanding that can guide future research and improve clinical practices in dermatology.
{"title":"Exploring nanocomposite materials in clinical dermatology: Innovations for treating skin diseases","authors":"Sandipan Dasgupta , Subhasundar Maji , Sanjay Dey , Moitreyee Chattopadhyay , Ananya Chanda , Satarupa Acharjee , Kousik Santra , Kazi Asraf Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology, particularly through the use of nanocomposites, holds great promise in addressing the challenges of skin diseases, which are often difficult to treat due to the complex anatomy of the skin and limitations of traditional therapies. Nanocomposites, composed of nanoparticles integrated into matrix materials like polymers, metals, or ceramics, offer enhanced therapeutic efficacy and targeted delivery. Their unique properties enable customized solutions for specific dermatological applications. For example, graphene oxide-based nanocomposites improve penetration of the skin’s stratum corneum, facilitating deeper drug delivery. Silver and curcumin-based nanocomposites provide controlled release of active ingredients over extended periods, protecting bioactive compounds from degradation. Additionally, hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites enhance mechanical properties and bioactivity through chemical bonding with the polymer matrix. These advancements show significant potential in treating various skin conditions, including wounds, infections, cancer, and tissue engineering. Nanocomposites also excel in antimicrobial therapies, promoting wound healing, combating bacterial and fungal infections, and targeting cancer cells in skin carcinoma treatments. Their ability to improve diagnostic imaging and facilitate tissue regeneration further expands their applications. Despite these promising benefits, concerns about biocompatibility, toxicity, and legal challenges remain, necessitating further research to develop standardized protocols for clinical use. The future of nanocomposites in dermatology looks promising, with innovations in personalized medicine, smart drug delivery, and multifunctional materials driving progress. Continued research and development will be essential to unlock the full potential of nanocomposites in enhancing clinical dermatology. Overall, this review covers the various aspects of nanocomposites for treating of skin diseases and provide a holistic understanding that can guide future research and improve clinical practices in dermatology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100117
M.B. JessieRaj, M. Pavithra
Industrial organic contaminates in water bodies are toxic not only to aquatic plants and animals but also to the entire ecosystem. The present study focuses on eradicating these industrial pollutants using zinc ions doped nickel oxide nano photocatalysts. Ultrasonication-aided co-precipitation method was used to synthesize Zn doped NiO nanoparticles which were further analyzed for their structural, optical, morphological, elemental, and photocatalytic abilities. Bragg diffraction patterns of synthesized samples revealed that zinc ions were successfully loaded in the NiO lattice as cubic nano-crystallites with Fm3m, space-group. FTIR study supported the formation of Zn –Ni linkages and Ni-O stretching vibrations. Tauc plot found that optical band gap energy decreases from 3.2 to 2.7 eV. PL study revealed the charge recombination process delayed by an intermediate band to enhance photocatalytic activity. The formation and reduction of clear rectangular rod structures by increasing zinc dopant materials and the composition of Ni, Zn, and O elements were explored in SEM-EDX images. XPS, TEM and SAED patterns corresponded quite well with the XRD results. Pseudo-first-order kinetics of photocatalytic degradation analysis predicted that Zn doped NiO nanostructures show their suitableness for preventing Rhodamine B and 4-Nitrophenol contaminates (up to 95 % and 80 %) in aquatic media under direct sunlight. Further, detox and practical usage of Zn doped NiO were confirmed by the Artemia salina organism’s considerable lifespan in the treated water using a toxicity evaluation model. Based on these observations, it is expected to facilitate an expedited remedy of toxicity screening for regulatory purposes.
水体中的工业有机污染物不仅对水生动植物有毒，而且对整个生态系统也有毒。本研究的重点是利用锌离子掺杂氧化镍纳米光催化剂来消除这些工业污染物。研究采用超声辅助共沉淀法合成了掺锌氧化镍纳米粒子，并进一步分析了这些粒子的结构、光学、形态、元素和光催化能力。合成样品的布拉格衍射图样显示，锌离子以 Fm3m 空间群的立方纳米晶粒形式成功地负载在镍氧化物晶格中。傅立叶变换红外光谱研究证实了锌-镍连接和 Ni-O 伸展振动的形成。Tauc plot 发现，光带隙能从 3.2 eV 下降到 2.7 eV。聚光研究表明，电荷重组过程被中间带延迟，从而提高了光催化活性。SEM-EDX 图像显示，随着锌掺杂材料的增加以及 Ni、Zn 和 O 元素组成的变化，透明矩形棒结构的形成和减少。XPS、TEM 和 SAED 图谱与 XRD 结果非常吻合。光催化降解的伪一阶动力学分析表明，掺杂 Zn 的纳米氧化镍结构适合在阳光直射下防止水生介质中的罗丹明 B 和 4-硝基苯酚污染（分别达到 95% 和 80%）。此外，掺锌氧化镍的解毒和实用性还通过毒性评估模型证实，在处理过的水中，鳀鱼生物的寿命相当长。基于这些观察结果，预计它将有助于加快监管目的的毒性筛选补救措施。
{"title":"Prompt photocatalytic purification of dye wastewater using zinc doped nickel oxide nanostructures and Artima salina model for acute toxicity screening","authors":"M.B. JessieRaj, M. Pavithra","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial organic contaminates in water bodies are toxic not only to aquatic plants and animals but also to the entire ecosystem. The present study focuses on eradicating these industrial pollutants using zinc ions doped nickel oxide nano photocatalysts. Ultrasonication-aided co-precipitation method was used to synthesize Zn doped NiO nanoparticles which were further analyzed for their structural, optical, morphological, elemental, and photocatalytic abilities. Bragg diffraction patterns of synthesized samples revealed that zinc ions were successfully loaded in the NiO lattice as cubic nano-crystallites with Fm3m, space-group. FTIR study supported the formation of Zn –Ni linkages and Ni-O stretching vibrations. Tauc plot found that optical band gap energy decreases from 3.2 to 2.7 eV. PL study revealed the charge recombination process delayed by an intermediate band to enhance photocatalytic activity. The formation and reduction of clear rectangular rod structures by increasing zinc dopant materials and the composition of Ni, Zn, and O elements were explored in SEM-EDX images. XPS, TEM and SAED patterns corresponded quite well with the XRD results. Pseudo-first-order kinetics of photocatalytic degradation analysis predicted that Zn doped NiO nanostructures show their suitableness for preventing Rhodamine B and 4-Nitrophenol contaminates (up to 95 % and 80 %) in aquatic media under direct sunlight. Further, detox and practical usage of Zn doped NiO were confirmed by the <em>Artemia salina</em> organism’s considerable lifespan in the treated water using a toxicity evaluation model. Based on these observations, it is expected to facilitate an expedited remedy of toxicity screening for regulatory purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100116
Abduraboh Alraae , Ali Moussadik , Abdellah Benzaouak , Mohammed Kacimi , Mohammed Dahhou , Aicha Sifou , Adnane El Hamidi
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) supported on natural materials have garnered significant attention due to their wide applicability across various research fields. This study presents an eco-friendly, scalable, and one-step approach to synthesizing high-purity Ag NPs supported by bentonite-graphitic carbon nitride (Bt-g-C3N4) nanocomposites via thermal reduction. The successful integration of Ag NPs into the Bt-g-C3N4 matrix was confirmed through several characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). XRF analysis identified the clay as beidellite-rich (Si/Al molar ratio less than 2), while EDX spectra and XRD patterns confirmed the presence of Ag NPs, with characteristic peaks at 38.04° and 44.24°. SEM and TEM images showed uniform Ag NP distribution with an average particle size of 4.75 nm and a spherical morphology. Acid-activated bentonite preserved its layered structure and exhibited a significant surface area increase, reaching 113.77 m²/g after hydrochloric acid treatment, thereby enhancing its capacity for supporting nanoparticle-based catalysts. The synthesized nanocomposites demonstrated exceptional catalytic performance, achieving reduction efficiencies of approximately 99 % for various organic pollutants, including nitrophenols (within 7 min for 4-nitrophenol), cationic dyes (within 12 min for Rhodamine B), and anionic dyes (within 5 min for methyl orange), using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the reducing agent. The reduction followed first-order kinetics, with activity factors (k′) calculated as 134 s−1.g−1, 260 s−1.g−1, and 92 s−1.g−1 for 4-NP, MO, and RhB, respectively. Furthermore, the Ag NPs/Bt-g-C3N4 nanocomposites exhibited remarkable recyclability, maintaining high catalytic efficiency across multiple cycles.
{"title":"One-step eco-friendly synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on bentonite-g-C₃N₄ for the reduction of hazardous organic pollutants in industrial wastewater.","authors":"Abduraboh Alraae , Ali Moussadik , Abdellah Benzaouak , Mohammed Kacimi , Mohammed Dahhou , Aicha Sifou , Adnane El Hamidi","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) supported on natural materials have garnered significant attention due to their wide applicability across various research fields. This study presents an eco-friendly, scalable, and one-step approach to synthesizing high-purity Ag NPs supported by bentonite-graphitic carbon nitride (Bt-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) nanocomposites via thermal reduction. The successful integration of Ag NPs into the Bt-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> matrix was confirmed through several characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). XRF analysis identified the clay as beidellite-rich (Si/Al molar ratio less than 2), while EDX spectra and XRD patterns confirmed the presence of Ag NPs, with characteristic peaks at 38.04<sup>°</sup> and 44.24<sup>°</sup>. SEM and TEM images showed uniform Ag NP distribution with an average particle size of 4.75 nm and a spherical morphology. Acid-activated bentonite preserved its layered structure and exhibited a significant surface area increase, reaching 113.77 m²/g after hydrochloric acid treatment, thereby enhancing its capacity for supporting nanoparticle-based catalysts. The synthesized nanocomposites demonstrated exceptional catalytic performance, achieving reduction efficiencies of approximately 99 % for various organic pollutants, including nitrophenols (within 7 min for 4-nitrophenol), cationic dyes (within 12 min for Rhodamine B), and anionic dyes (within 5 min for methyl orange), using sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) as the reducing agent. The reduction followed first-order kinetics, with activity factors (k′) calculated as 134 s<sup>−1</sup>.g<sup>−1</sup>, 260 s<sup>−1</sup>.g<sup>−1</sup>, and 92 s<sup>−1</sup>.g<sup>−1</sup> for 4-NP, MO, and RhB, respectively. Furthermore, the Ag NPs/Bt-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites exhibited remarkable recyclability, maintaining high catalytic efficiency across multiple cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100114
Chunxi Tian , Kun Qin , Tingting Xu , Liumin Suo
Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) are expected to achieve high energy density without Li anode. However, their capacities are fading quickly due to the lack of excessive Li resources from the anode side (N/P=0). Previously, cathode pre-lithiation to supplement excess Li in NCM811 was proven feasible to extend the battery lifespan of AFLMB, but deep lithiation suffers from crystal structure damage, resulting in short cycle life. Here, we proposed a hybrid Li-rich cathode by pre-lithiation of spinel structure material LiMn2O4 instead of Li-rich NCM compositing with NCM811, providing a new way to extend the lifespan of AFLMBs. During the first charge process, Li2Mn2O4, as a pre-lithiation reagent, releases excess Li to form a lithium layer on the anode and revert to LiMn2O4, maintaining stable electrochemical reversibility in the following cycles. The anode-free lithium metal pouch cell employing a Li-rich hybrid cathode achieves a high energy density of nearly 400 Wh kg−1 with 80 % capacity retention after 50 cycles.
{"title":"Hybrid Li-rich cathodes for anode-free lithium metal batteries","authors":"Chunxi Tian , Kun Qin , Tingting Xu , Liumin Suo","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) are expected to achieve high energy density without Li anode. However, their capacities are fading quickly due to the lack of excessive Li resources from the anode side (N/P=0). Previously, cathode pre-lithiation to supplement excess Li in NCM811 was proven feasible to extend the battery lifespan of AFLMB, but deep lithiation suffers from crystal structure damage, resulting in short cycle life. Here, we proposed a hybrid Li-rich cathode by pre-lithiation of spinel structure material LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> instead of Li-rich NCM compositing with NCM811, providing a new way to extend the lifespan of AFLMBs. During the first charge process, Li<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, as a pre-lithiation reagent, releases excess Li to form a lithium layer on the anode and revert to LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4,</sub> maintaining stable electrochemical reversibility in the following cycles. The anode-free lithium metal pouch cell employing a Li-rich hybrid cathode achieves a high energy density of nearly 400 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> with 80 % capacity retention after 50 cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With advances in liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM), it is possible to real-time characterize nanomaterials at atomic resolution in a liquid environment. This provides a key tool for understanding the underlying mechanisms of various of (bio)chemical processes. In this review, various of strategies employed in high performance LCTEM characterization are introduced. It presents the structure and manufacturing processes of different liquid cells, and summarizes the methods to improve the spatial resolution and reduce the irradiation damage of LCTEM. It also describes the liquid cells integration with external energy field for observing the dynamic response of nanomaterials under electrical, thermal or irradiating stimuli. Then recent advances in LCTEM images and data automated analysis by machine learning are highlighted. Finally, we present a perspective on the challenges and future directions for the development of in situ LCTEM.
{"title":"Strategies for high performance characterization of nanomaterials using in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy","authors":"Honglin Lv, Wei Si, Jingjie Sha, Yunfei Chen, Yin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With advances in liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM), it is possible to real-time characterize nanomaterials at atomic resolution in a liquid environment. This provides a key tool for understanding the underlying mechanisms of various of (bio)chemical processes. In this review, various of strategies employed in high performance LCTEM characterization are introduced. It presents the structure and manufacturing processes of different liquid cells, and summarizes the methods to improve the spatial resolution and reduce the irradiation damage of LCTEM. It also describes the liquid cells integration with external energy field for observing the dynamic response of nanomaterials under electrical, thermal or irradiating stimuli. Then recent advances in LCTEM images and data automated analysis by machine learning are highlighted. Finally, we present a perspective on the challenges and future directions for the development of <em>in situ</em> LCTEM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focuses on research in the area of "nanomaterials in waste" and shows the difficulty of providing quantitative data on nanomaterials in different wastes. As highlighted in the ECHA report (November 2021) and although substantial progress have been made in the characterization and measurement of nanomaterials, some challenges remain, particularly the characterization of nanomaterials in complex media. Therefore, work to improve the detection, characterization, and quantification of nanomaterials should be continued to complete the database with different types of nanowaste mixtures. The dominant end-of-life scenario for nanocomposites is the incineration. The environmental by-products impact on the soil and air have been considered from the point of view of nanoparticles partitioning and the potential toxicological synergistic effects. A specific management of nanocomposites end-of-life should be implemented as recommended by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in order to limit nanoparticles dissemination by landfilling and particularly in incineration facilities where their presence is significantly increasing. The aim of our study was to expand the current knowledge of the partition of nanowaste, mainly in case of nanocomposites mixture, and the potential synergetic or antagonistic impact of potential hazardous nanowastes on the toxicological profile. Incineration products of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites containing both silica and precipitated calcium carbonate, corresponding to cable sheaths compositions, were investigated in this study, using a lab-scale incineration process. Soot and residue composition were analysed using various relevant experimental techniques in order to assess the presence of initial nanoparticles. In vitro toxicological assessments were carried out and have shown that only pro-inflammatory responses seem to be affected by the presence of nanoparticles. SiO2 nanoparticles appear to have a major impact on toxicity whatever the partitioning in soot or residue. Conversely, CaCO3 as expected does not impact the nanowaste toxicity and does not seem able to mitigate the SiO2 toxicity.
{"title":"New insights on physicochemical features and toxicological outcome provided from incineration of nanocomposites","authors":"Claire Longuet , Carine Chivas-Joly , Nora Lambeng , Valérie Forest , Lara Leclerc , Gwendoline Sarry , Jérémie Pourchez , José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on research in the area of \"nanomaterials in waste\" and shows the difficulty of providing quantitative data on nanomaterials in different wastes. As highlighted in the ECHA report (November 2021) and although substantial progress have been made in the characterization and measurement of nanomaterials, some challenges remain, particularly the characterization of nanomaterials in complex media. Therefore, work to improve the detection, characterization, and quantification of nanomaterials should be continued to complete the database with different types of nanowaste mixtures. The dominant end-of-life scenario for nanocomposites is the incineration. The environmental by-products impact on the soil and air have been considered from the point of view of nanoparticles partitioning and the potential toxicological synergistic effects. A specific management of nanocomposites end-of-life should be implemented as recommended by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in order to limit nanoparticles dissemination by landfilling and particularly in incineration facilities where their presence is significantly increasing. The aim of our study was to expand the current knowledge of the partition of nanowaste, mainly in case of nanocomposites mixture, and the potential synergetic or antagonistic impact of potential hazardous nanowastes on the toxicological profile. Incineration products of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites containing both silica and precipitated calcium carbonate, corresponding to cable sheaths compositions, were investigated in this study, using a lab-scale incineration process. Soot and residue composition were analysed using various relevant experimental techniques in order to assess the presence of initial nanoparticles. <em>In vitro</em> toxicological assessments were carried out and have shown that only pro-inflammatory responses seem to be affected by the presence of nanoparticles. SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles appear to have a major impact on toxicity whatever the partitioning in soot or residue. Conversely, CaCO<sub>3</sub> as expected does not impact the nanowaste toxicity and does not seem able to mitigate the SiO<sub>2</sub> toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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