Resilient Cities and Structures最新文献

Stochastic discrete event simulation for government assisted owner driven participatory housing recovery modeling: Application to 2015 Gorkha earthquake sequence, Nepal 政府辅助业主驱动参与式住房重建模型的随机离散事件模拟：2015年尼泊尔廓尔喀地震序列的应用

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.007

Dipendra Gautam , Sajan KC , Olafur Petur Palsson

We develop and implement a Stochastic Discrete Event Simulation (SDES) algorithm to model the housing recovery trajectory after an extreme event. The algorithm models discrete events and their underlying uncertainties in each construction phase. Specifically, the algorithm is developed for the Government Assisted Owner Driven (GAOD) reconstruction system to simulate long-term recovery trajectory. SDES, as a flexible modeling approach, can simulate any housing recovery scenario that follows phased reconstruction. The 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha earthquake sequence in Nepal is considered the extreme event, with 796,245 buildings requiring reconstruction. We present some recovery trajectories from severely hit, crisis hit, and earthquake hit parishes, comparing them with the actual reconstruction progress. We also assess quality and improvement of reconstructed buildings using seismic fragility functions, compared to pre-earthquake constructions. Housing recovery uncertainties are dissected in relation to reconstruction pace. We conclude that the vast majority of the reconstructed buildings followed the Build Back Better (BBB) approach and missed the opportunity to pursue the Build Back Resilient (BBR) approach due to multifaceted challenges ranging from unclear policies to economic constraints. We critically assess the GAOD vs Owner Driven (OD) recovery framework and conclude that insurance-supported and technically assisted OD approach could be the most suitable model for post extreme event housing recovery.

我们开发并实现了一种随机离散事件模拟（SDES）算法来模拟极端事件后房屋的恢复轨迹。该算法对每个施工阶段的离散事件及其潜在的不确定性进行建模。具体而言，该算法是为政府辅助业主驱动（GAOD）重建系统开发的，用于模拟长期恢复轨迹。SDES作为一种灵活的建模方法，可以模拟分阶段重建后的任何住房恢复场景。2015年尼泊尔廓尔喀7.8级地震序列被认为是极端事件，有796,245栋建筑需要重建。我们给出了重灾区、危机灾区和地震灾区的一些恢复轨迹，并将其与实际重建进展进行了比较。与地震前的建筑相比，我们还使用地震易损性函数评估重建建筑的质量和改进。房屋复苏的不确定性与重建速度有关。我们得出的结论是，由于政策不明确和经济限制等多方面的挑战，绝大多数重建的建筑物都遵循了“重建得更好”（BBB）方法，而错过了追求“重建弹性”（BBR）方法的机会。我们批判性地评估了god与业主驱动（OD）的恢复框架，并得出结论，保险支持和技术辅助的OD方法可能是极端事件后住房恢复的最合适模型。

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引用次数: 0

Post-earthquake recovery in coastal cities of Manabí, Ecuador: A regional assessment nine years after the 2016 Muisne earthquake 厄瓜多尔沿海城市Manabí地震灾后恢复：2016年穆斯内地震9年后的区域评估

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.006

Brian Cagua , Roberto Aguiar

In April 2016, a moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 earthquake struck near Muisne (Pedernales), Ecuador, causing 671 fatalities, displacing >30,000 people, and generating approximately USD 3.6 billion in economic losses that severely impacted the coastal province of Manabí. Nine years later, the recovery trajectory of its principal urban centers—Pedernales, Manta, Portoviejo, and Chone—offers a critical perspective to assess adaptive resilience in earthquake-prone coastal cities of Latin America. This study conducts a regional assessment of post-earthquake recovery using the 4Rs resilience framework—robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity—applied across housing, health, education, infrastructure, and economic sectors. Official reports, statistical databases, and field validations collected between 2016 and 2025 provide the basis for documenting both progress and persistent challenges.

The findings indicate that robustness improved with the enforcement of the Ecuadorian seismic code NEC-15 and the adoption of advanced technologies such as base isolation and supplemental damping in hospitals and high-rise buildings. Redundancy expanded selectively, being stronger in healthcare yet limited in housing and utilities. Resourcefulness varied across cities: municipal leadership and civic oversight in Manta and Portoviejo facilitated adaptive recovery, whereas Pedernales and Chone remained dependent on central agencies. Rapidity was similarly uneven; lifeline services were restored promptly, but complex projects—including hospitals, sewer systems, and residential complexes—faced delays of five to nine years. Structural assessments of 97 buildings revealed that nearly half remain without reinforcement, with recurrent deficiencies such as soft-story mechanisms, brittle masonry infill, and reinforcement corrosion sustaining latent seismic risk. Governance fragmentation, equity gaps, and insufficient monitoring thus emerged as critical barriers, underscoring the need for integrated governance, community participation, and AI-enabled monitoring to strengthen long-term disaster recovery in coastal cities.

2016年4月，厄瓜多尔Muisne （Pedernales）附近发生矩级（Mw） 7.8级地震，造成671人死亡，3万人流离失所，造成约36亿美元的经济损失，严重影响了沿海省份Manabí。九年后，其主要城市中心——佩德纳莱斯、曼塔、波托维耶霍和琼——的恢复轨迹为评估拉丁美洲地震多发沿海城市的适应能力提供了重要视角。本研究利用4Rs弹性框架（稳健性、冗余性、智能性和快速性）对震后恢复进行了区域评估，该框架适用于住房、卫生、教育、基础设施和经济部门。2016年至2025年间收集的官方报告、统计数据库和现场验证为记录进展和持续挑战提供了基础。研究结果表明，随着厄瓜多尔抗震规范NEC-15的实施以及在医院和高层建筑中采用基础隔震和补充阻尼等先进技术，坚固性得到了提高。裁员有选择地扩大，在医疗保健领域更为严重，但在住房和公用事业领域受到限制。各城市的应变能力各不相同：曼塔和波托维耶霍的市政领导和公民监督促进了适应性恢复，而佩德纳莱斯和乔内仍然依赖中央机构。速度也同样不均匀；生命线服务迅速恢复，但包括医院、下水道系统和住宅区在内的复杂项目却面临5至9年的延误。对97座建筑物的结构评估显示，近一半的建筑物仍然没有加固，软层结构、脆性砌体填充和钢筋腐蚀等经常性缺陷使潜在的地震风险持续存在。因此，治理碎片化、公平差距和监测不足成为关键障碍，强调需要综合治理、社区参与和基于人工智能的监测，以加强沿海城市的长期灾害恢复。

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引用次数: 0

Review of the evolution of the ductile diaphragm concept for seismically resilient bridges 抗震桥梁延性隔膜概念的发展综述

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.003

Homero Carrion-Cabrera , Michel Bruneau

This paper presents a review of how the ductile diaphragm concept was formulated, evaluated, improved, and implemented over time to achieve seismically resilient bridges. A particular emphasis is placed on the most recent work that has provided a more fully, and more widely applicable, version of the concept. The paper also addresses how to design buckling restrained braces used as energy dissipating elements in the longitudinal direction of multi-span bridges (simple spans or continuous bridges) as part of the ductile diaphragm concept. In all cases, the objective of the ductile diaphragm concept is to concentrate ductility demands in steel energy dissipating elements located at the ends of the superstructure spans to protect the substructure (and rest of the superstructure) from damage, to ensure that the bridge can remain open to full traffic immediately following an earthquake.

本文介绍了延性隔膜概念是如何制定、评估、改进和实施的，随着时间的推移，以实现抗震桥梁。特别强调的是最近的工作，它提供了一个更充分和更广泛适用的概念版本。本文还讨论了如何设计作为多跨桥梁（简桥或连续桥）纵向耗能单元的屈曲约束支撑，作为延性隔膜概念的一部分。在所有情况下，延性隔膜概念的目标是将延性需求集中在位于上部结构跨度两端的钢耗能元件上，以保护下部结构（和上部结构的其余部分）免受破坏，以确保桥梁在地震发生后能够立即保持开放。

引用次数: 0

An entropy-based multi-criteria approach for intensity measure selection in seismic resilience of structures 基于熵的结构抗震回弹烈度度量选择多准则方法

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.005

Junzhi Liao , Davide Forcellini , Jason Fang , Lizhi Sun

Seismic resilience (SR) has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure, recover from, and adapt to seismic events. This study presents an entropy-based multi-criteria approach for selecting optimal intensity measures (IMs) to assess SR of structures. Eight representative IMs, derived from time histories and response spectrum are evaluated. Incremental dynamic analysis is conducted on a reinforced concrete structure, using engineering demand parameters such as the maximum inter-story drift and floor acceleration to generate fragility curves via a probabilistic seismic demand model. The optimal IMs are identified through a multi-criteria decision-making process, with scores calculated using the entropy weight method to incorporate factors such as efficiency, proficiency, and uncertainty based on information entropy. An effective SR framework is derived from fragility results. The findings indicate that peak ground velocity and spectral IMs are the most effective, while energy-related IMs underestimate SR. The study highlights the importance of optimizing IMs for more accurate seismic resilience assessments. The proposed entropy-based multi-criteria approach is shown to be both reliable and effective for selecting optimal IMs in this context.

地震恢复力（SR）已成为地震工程中评估结构承受、恢复和适应地震事件能力的关键焦点。本文提出了一种基于熵的多准则方法来选择最优强度度量（IMs）来评估结构的SR。从时间历史和响应谱中得出的8个代表性的IMs进行了评估。对某钢筋混凝土结构进行增量动力分析，利用最大层间位移和楼板加速度等工程需求参数，通过概率地震需求模型生成易损性曲线。通过多标准决策过程确定最佳IMs，并使用熵权法计算得分，以信息熵为基础，结合效率、熟练程度和不确定性等因素。一个有效的社会责任框架是从脆弱性结果中衍生出来的。研究结果表明，峰值地面速度和频谱IMs是最有效的，而与能源相关的IMs低估了sr。该研究强调了优化IMs对更准确的地震恢复力评估的重要性。结果表明，本文提出的基于熵的多准则方法对于选择最优IMs是可靠和有效的。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting the restoration pattern from hurricane-induced power outages from facebook data 根据facebook数据预测飓风导致的停电后的恢复模式

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.004

Tasnuba Binte Jamal , Samiul Hasan , Ali Mostafavi

Extreme events such as tropical storm, tornado, hurricane cause significant disruptions to infrastructure systems including power, water, transportation, telecommunication services. Faster restoration from power outages is critical since power outages substantially impact various sectors including education, financial transactions, healthcare, and leisure. Thus, it is important to study outage restoration patterns. To develop data-driven models and test its performance on unseen hurricanes, high-resolution data from multiple hurricanes are required. However, such high-resolution power outage data from utility companies are proprietary and not easily accessible to all. Thus, the aim of this study is to demonstrate the use of macroscopic location data available from Facebook for analyzing power outage during hurricanes. First, it shows the association between population activity in Facebook and hurricane-induced power outage using the data for Hurricane Ida at a ZIP Code level. Second, it develops a data-driven model to predict power outage restoration pattern at a ZIP Code level utilizing Facebook data for Hurricanes Ida and Ian. We found that Facebook data can explain 59 % of variance in by power outages at daily level and it can explain 65 % of variance in restoration times from power outages at a ZIP code level. The data-driven model can reliably predict the restoration pattern from power outages (R²=0.816). This study can aid researchers to choose alternative data for power outage analysis and help emergency managers and utility companies gain data-driven insights enhancing their decision-making for an impending hurricane.

热带风暴、龙卷风、飓风等极端事件会对基础设施系统造成严重破坏，包括电力、水、交通、电信服务。由于停电会严重影响教育、金融交易、医疗保健和休闲等各个部门，因此从停电中更快地恢复至关重要。因此，研究中断恢复模式是很重要的。为了开发数据驱动的模型并测试其在未知飓风上的性能，需要来自多个飓风的高分辨率数据。然而，公用事业公司的这种高分辨率停电数据是专有的，并不是所有人都能轻易获得。因此，本研究的目的是证明使用Facebook上的宏观位置数据来分析飓风期间的停电情况。首先，它使用邮政编码级别的飓风Ida数据显示了Facebook上的人口活动与飓风导致的停电之间的关联。其次，它开发了一个数据驱动模型，利用飓风Ida和Ian的Facebook数据来预测邮政编码级别的停电恢复模式。我们发现Facebook数据可以解释59%的日常停电方差，可以解释65%的邮政编码级别停电恢复时间方差。数据驱动模型能够可靠地预测停电后的恢复模式（R2=0.816）。这项研究可以帮助研究人员为停电分析选择替代数据，并帮助应急管理人员和公用事业公司获得数据驱动的见解，从而提高他们对即将到来的飓风的决策能力。

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引用次数: 0

The Christchurch post-earthquake reconstruction – Year 14 update 基督城震后重建- 14年更新

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.002

Michel Bruneau , Gregory MacRae

Reconstruction of buildings in the Christchurch central business district following the 2011 earthquake has been a massive undertaking that is not yet completed. Interviews have been conducted with representatives of the consulting engineering companies who designed 55 of these buildings from 2017 until 2025 to determine: (i) the building construction materials and structural system types used, and (ii) the drivers for the selection of these systems. The information obtained is compared with a 2017 survey, by the authors, with the same design companies for buildings constructed from 2012 to 2017, as part of the Christchurch rebuild after the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes. It is found that 47 % and 45 % of the buildings constructed had steel and concrete lateral force resisting systems, respectively, with the remainder using timber. In terms of floor space areas, the steel buildings were typically larger and the ratios were 70 % and 24 %, respectively. The most popular structural steel seismic systems were MRFs and BRBFs with 29 % and 20 % of the floor areas, respectively. Gravity systems, when needed, were generally steel. Although slightly different, these numbers are similar in magnitude to those reported in the prior study. However, comparing the factors driving choice of structure systems reported in the previous study, many of the engineers interviewed commented that, as the Canterbury earthquakes became further away in time, fewer of their clients requested resilient designs that would help achieve functionality (e.g., maintain business continuity) following future earthquakes, requesting instead lowest-cost designs. Nonetheless, it is expected that much of the newer construction will provide improvements in seismic performance given that many buildings were designed for significantly higher strength and lower drift than permitted in the standards.

2011年地震后，基督城中央商务区的建筑重建是一项尚未完成的大规模工程。我们采访了从2017年到2025年设计了55座此类建筑的咨询工程公司的代表，以确定：(i)所使用的建筑材料和结构系统类型，以及（ii）选择这些系统的驱动因素。作者将获得的信息与2017年的一项调查进行了比较，该调查使用了2012年至2017年建造的建筑物的相同设计公司，作为2010-2011年坎特伯雷地震后基督城重建的一部分。研究发现，47%和45%的建筑分别采用钢结构和混凝土结构的抗侧力系统，其余的采用木材结构。在建筑面积方面，钢结构建筑通常较大，比例分别为70%和24%。最受欢迎的钢结构抗震体系是mrf和BRBFs，分别占楼面面积的29%和20%。需要时，重力系统通常是钢的。虽然略有不同，但这些数字在量级上与之前的研究报告相似。然而，通过比较之前研究中所报告的驱动结构系统选择的因素，许多受访的工程师评论说，随着坎特伯雷地震的时间越来越远，他们的客户越来越少要求弹性设计来帮助实现未来地震后的功能（例如，保持业务连续性），而是要求最低成本的设计。尽管如此，考虑到许多建筑物的设计强度明显高于标准所允许的强度，而漂移明显低于标准，预计许多新建筑将在抗震性能方面有所改善。

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引用次数: 0

Towards urban resilience-based management: the case of Mexico after the 2017 earthquakes 迈向城市弹性管理：以2017年地震后的墨西哥为例

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.10.003

Sergio M. Alcocer , Luciano Roberto Fernández-Sola

The September 2017 earthquakes in Mexico, which struck within a twelve-day span and affected regions with vastly different seismic, socioeconomic, and urban characteristics, revealed the multifactorial nature of seismic vulnerability and resilience in the country. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the damage on the built environment, emergency response, recovery and reconstruction efforts, regulatory evolution, and institutional reforms that followed these events. Key topics include the performance of self-built housing and essential infrastructure, the challenges of decentralized building codes and their uneven development and enforcement, the role of civil society, private sector and media in disaster response, and the implementation of the National Reconstruction Program. Advances in seismic code development—particularly the updated Complementary Technical Norms (CTNs) of Mexico City—and the creation of a dedicated standard for the evaluation and rehabilitation of existing buildings are also discussed. The proposed Construction Law for Mexico City, which aims to assign legal responsibility to stakeholders and formalize the regulatory framework, may serve as a legislative model for other regions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of coordination, technical rigor, equity and inclusion in recovery and reconstruction, and public engagement in advancing seismic resilience across diverse urban, semi-urban and rural contexts.

2017年9月发生在墨西哥的地震在12天内发生，影响了地震、社会经济和城市特征截然不同的地区，揭示了该国地震脆弱性和恢复力的多因素性质。本文全面回顾了地震对建筑环境的破坏、应急响应、恢复和重建工作、监管演变以及随后的制度改革。主要议题包括自建住房和基本基础设施的表现，分散建筑规范的挑战及其不平衡的发展和执行，民间社会，私营部门和媒体在灾害应对中的作用，以及国家重建计划的实施。本文还讨论了地震规范制定方面的进展——特别是更新的墨西哥城补充技术规范（ctn）——以及现有建筑评估和修复专用标准的创建。拟建的《墨西哥城建筑法》旨在将法律责任分配给利益相关者，并使监管框架正规化，可以作为其他地区的立法模式。最后，报告强调了恢复和重建过程中的协调、技术严谨性、公平性和包容性，以及公众参与对提高不同城市、半城市和农村地区的抗震能力的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Natural language processing for disaster-resilient infrastructure: Research focus and future opportunities 用于抗灾基础设施的自然语言处理：研究重点和未来机会

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.003

Muhammad Ali Moriyani , Lemlem Asaye , Chau Le , Trung Le , Harun Pirim , Om Parkash Yadav , Tuyen Le

The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters, exacerbated by global warming, necessitate novel solutions to strengthen the resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems (CISs). Recent research reveals the significant potential of natural language processing (NLP) to analyze unstructured human language during disasters, thereby facilitating the uncovering of disruptions and providing situational awareness supporting various aspects of resilience regarding CISs. Despite this potential, few studies have systematically mapped the global research on NLP applications with respect to supporting various aspects of resilience of CISs. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting a review of current knowledge using the scientometric review technique. Using 231 bibliographic records from the Scopus and Web of Science core collections, we identify five key research areas where researchers have used NLP to support the resilience of CISs during natural disasters, including sentiment analysis, crisis informatics, data and knowledge visualization, disaster impacts, and content analysis. Furthermore, we map the utility of NLP in the identified research focus with respect to four aspects of resilience (i.e., preparedness, absorption, recovery, and adaptability) and present various common techniques used and potential future research directions. This review highlights that NLP has the potential to become a supplementary data source to support the resilience of CISs. The results of this study serve as an introductory-level guide designed to help scholars and practitioners unlock the potential of NLP for strengthening the resilience of CISs against natural disasters.

全球变暖加剧了自然灾害的频率和严重程度的增加，需要新的解决方案来加强关键基础设施系统（CISs）的恢复能力。最近的研究揭示了自然语言处理（NLP）在灾难期间分析非结构化人类语言的巨大潜力，从而促进了中断的发现，并提供了支持有关CISs复原力的各个方面的情景感知。尽管有这种潜力，但很少有研究系统地描绘了全球关于支持社会主义社会弹性各个方面的NLP应用的研究。本文通过使用科学计量复习技术对当前的知识进行复习，为知识体系做出了贡献。利用来自Scopus和Web of Science核心馆藏的231条书目记录，我们确定了五个关键研究领域，研究人员已经使用NLP来支持自然灾害期间CISs的恢复能力，包括情绪分析、危机信息学、数据和知识可视化、灾害影响和内容分析。在此基础上，我们从弹性的准备、吸收、恢复和适应性四个方面对NLP在研究重点中的应用进行了分析，并提出了各种常用技术和潜在的未来研究方向。这篇综述强调，NLP有潜力成为一个补充数据源，以支持CISs的弹性。本研究的结果可以作为一个入门级的指南，旨在帮助学者和实践者释放NLP的潜力，以加强csis对自然灾害的抵御能力。

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引用次数: 0

Resilience of metro systems subjected to external disturbances: A state-of-the-art review 地铁系统在外部干扰下的弹性：一项最新研究

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.002

Hao Bai , Dong-Ming Zhang , Jian-Min Guo , Yu-Shan Hua , Bilal M. Ayyub , Hong-Wei Huang , Enrico Zio

Metro systems are important transport infrastructures in megacities, and their long-term operational safety is challenged by frequent external disturbances, such as environmental extremes and human construction activities. A metro system must be resilient to resist, adapt to, and recover its performance when such disruptions occur. Current studies on metro system resilience often lack a comprehensive view from a complex system perspective, leading to a plethora of choices for methods of analysis and indicators applied to different metro systems and external disturbances. Therefore, the present paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the topics and works revolving around the resilience of metro systems. It first clarifies the concept of metro system resilience based on classical definitions from a technical perspective. Metro resilience encompasses both the structural and operational aspects of metro systems, including their damage mechanisms, analysis methods and indicators of resilience. Methods for enhancing metro system resilience across structural, operational and monitoring dimensions are explored. Finally, future research directions are discussed, emphasizing the importance of considering the "system of systems" formed by interdependent infrastructure, refining uncertainty analysis, and investigating the opportunities arising from the application of artificial intelligence for improving metro system resilience against external disturbances.

地铁系统是特大城市重要的交通基础设施，其长期运行安全受到极端环境和人为建设活动等外部干扰的挑战。地铁系统必须具有抵御、适应并在此类中断发生时恢复其性能的弹性。目前对地铁系统弹性的研究往往缺乏从复杂系统角度的全面视角，导致分析方法和指标的选择过多，适用于不同的地铁系统和外部干扰。因此，本文旨在对围绕地铁系统弹性的主题和工作进行全面回顾。首先从技术的角度，在经典定义的基础上，阐述了地铁系统弹性的概念。地铁弹性包括地铁系统的结构和运行两个方面，包括其损伤机制、分析方法和弹性指标。探讨了提高地铁系统在结构、运营和监测方面的弹性的方法。最后，讨论了未来的研究方向，强调了考虑由相互依赖的基础设施形成的“系统的系统”的重要性，改进了不确定性分析，并研究了人工智能应用对提高地铁系统抵御外部干扰的能力所带来的机会。

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引用次数: 0

SRB (Seismic Resilience-Based) methodology for historical centers: San Marino case study 历史中心的SRB（基于地震弹性的）方法：圣马力诺案例研究

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.001

Davide Forcellini , Scott McAvoy , Falko Kuester

In the last two decades, seismic resilience (SR) has been developed as a main concept for the assessment of the structural vulnerabilities of buildings and city centres. In particular, historical centers consist of adjacent buildings organized in blocks with common characteristics and similar typologies. The paper proposes a methodology to quantify SR for urban regions, by overcoming the state of the art studies that focus on assessing the SR for singular buildings. In this regard, the presented methodology may calculate the SR of blocks of buildings for the assessment of recovery investments of historical city centers. The main idea is to assess the level of vulnerability by accurate 3D surveys and visual inspections in order to select empirical fragility curves. The proposed methodology was herein applied to the city center of San Marino, designated by UNESCO as a world heritage site.

在过去的二十年里，地震恢复力（SR）已经发展成为建筑物和城市中心结构脆弱性评估的主要概念。特别是，历史中心由相邻的建筑组成，这些建筑具有共同的特征和相似的类型。本文提出了一种量化城市区域SR的方法，克服了目前专注于评估单一建筑SR的研究现状。在这方面，所提出的方法可以计算建筑物块的SR，以评估历史城市中心的恢复投资。主要思想是通过精确的三维调查和目视检查来评估脆弱性水平，以便选择经验脆弱性曲线。本文提出的方法应用于被联合国教科文组织指定为世界遗产的圣马力诺市中心。

引用次数: 0