Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.004
Georgios Tsampras , Richard Sause
This study numerically investigates the seismic response of a nine-story self-centering concentrically braced frame building incorporating force-limiting connections between the floor system and the lateral force-resisting system. Nonlinear earthquake simulations are conducted under design basis earthquake ground motions, and the results are compared against a baseline model with rigid-elastic connections. The study discusses connection design considerations and evaluates the effectiveness of force-limiting connections in mitigating higher-mode effects. The findings show that force-limiting connections significantly reduce the magnitude and variability of floor accelerations, brace forces, and connection forces, while maintaining comparable story drifts. Force-limiting connections primarily reduce the contribution of higher-mode responses, while the controlled rocking base mechanism modifies the first-mode response. Overall, the reduced dispersion in structural response improves the reliability of seismic design and enhances resilience by minimizing damage to both structural components and acceleration-sensitive nonstructural elements.
{"title":"Reducing the magnitude and variability of seismic-induced acceleration and force responses in steel buildings with controlled rocking base mechanism and force-limiting connections","authors":"Georgios Tsampras , Richard Sause","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study numerically investigates the seismic response of a nine-story self-centering concentrically braced frame building incorporating force-limiting connections between the floor system and the lateral force-resisting system. Nonlinear earthquake simulations are conducted under design basis earthquake ground motions, and the results are compared against a baseline model with rigid-elastic connections. The study discusses connection design considerations and evaluates the effectiveness of force-limiting connections in mitigating higher-mode effects. The findings show that force-limiting connections significantly reduce the magnitude and variability of floor accelerations, brace forces, and connection forces, while maintaining comparable story drifts. Force-limiting connections primarily reduce the contribution of higher-mode responses, while the controlled rocking base mechanism modifies the first-mode response. Overall, the reduced dispersion in structural response improves the reliability of seismic design and enhances resilience by minimizing damage to both structural components and acceleration-sensitive nonstructural elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 143-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.10.002
Yesen Yang , Edmond Y. Lo
Resilience studies for water distribution systems (WDS) coupled with other interdependent infrastructure systems attract increasing attention from stakeholders and researchers. However, most existing large-scale WDS models are single infrastructure-based without consideration of other infrastructure systems. This is due to a lack of needed information on systems coupling, the structure of the simulator used, and the computation load involved. To address these gaps, this paper presents a synthetic modeling framework for a real-world WDS as coordinating with other infrastructure systems via a building-mediated clustering approach through consideration of physical distance and node capacity. First, the WDS network topology and operation parameters are inferred via bulk open-source information. A building-mediated clustering approach is designed to systematically derive the interdependence between the WDS and the power system similarly created as a case study. Second, a novel linearization method is developed in formulating the WDS model that can relieve computation load while maintaining accuracy. Finally, a disruption-recovery framework is developed to demonstrate the proposed methodology in modelling WDS resilience. The framework is applied to a neighborhood in Queenstown, Singapore, an area of 20.43 km2 and 96,000 population. The near-real-time simulations on the coupled system involving 308 nodes and 384 links showcase the effectiveness and application of the proposed synthetic modeling and formulation.
{"title":"Synthetic modeling of water distribution systems for interdependent infrastructure systems resilience analysis with interdependencies via building-mediated clustering","authors":"Yesen Yang , Edmond Y. Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resilience studies for water distribution systems (WDS) coupled with other interdependent infrastructure systems attract increasing attention from stakeholders and researchers. However, most existing large-scale WDS models are single infrastructure-based without consideration of other infrastructure systems. This is due to a lack of needed information on systems coupling, the structure of the simulator used, and the computation load involved. To address these gaps, this paper presents a synthetic modeling framework for a real-world WDS as coordinating with other infrastructure systems via a building-mediated clustering approach through consideration of physical distance and node capacity. First, the WDS network topology and operation parameters are inferred via bulk open-source information. A building-mediated clustering approach is designed to systematically derive the interdependence between the WDS and the power system similarly created as a case study. Second, a novel linearization method is developed in formulating the WDS model that can relieve computation load while maintaining accuracy. Finally, a disruption-recovery framework is developed to demonstrate the proposed methodology in modelling WDS resilience. The framework is applied to a neighborhood in Queenstown, Singapore, an area of 20.43 km<sup>2</sup> and 96,000 population. The near-real-time simulations on the coupled system involving 308 nodes and 384 links showcase the effectiveness and application of the proposed synthetic modeling and formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 21-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.001
Aulia Malik Affif , Alan March
The growth and scale of urbanisation in Indonesia poses various challenges, including the availability of affordable housing, which has forced many low-income people to live in informal settlements. Fires account for 15% of all disasters in Indonesia, particularly in densely populated urban areas such as informal settlements. The nature of informal settlements, which lack basic services along with poor living conditions, increases the likelihood of fire. The topic of informal settlement fires in Indonesia is relatively unresearched, especially studies tailored to waterfront informal settlements typologies which prevents an understanding of fire risk and its impact in the area. This study aims to investigate what aspects influence fire risk in the area and to increase the resilience of informal settlements to fire outbreaks with the intention of improving community resilience. A case study with mixed methods is employed in this study. Our study consists of two phases of data analysis. The first phase consists of spatial analysis, derivation of weight, risk assessment, sensitivity analysis, and identification of policy drivers. Meanwhile, the second phase of our data analysis consists of analysing conditions, challenges, and opportunities, resilient strategies development, and scenario testing. The results of this study revealed that the risk of fire in the area is considered high-to-very high, which is driven primarily by moderate hazard, high vulnerability, and low-to-very low capacity against fire. Primary drivers of fire risk in the area are building materials, electrical connection and equipment, road width, and building density. As a result, this study proposed nine physical and non-physical resilient strategies which has been categorised into three distinct aspects: development planning, development regulations, and risk management and response. Spatial analysis revealed that, if fully implemented and operationalised, these strategies could reclassify 90% of the area to moderate risk. Further research is should examine the causal factors of past fire incidents, the institutional capacity for fire management, and the socioeconomic conditions of the community.
{"title":"Exploring informal settlement fires in Indonesia: A study of fire risk assessment and fire resilient strategies in Medan","authors":"Aulia Malik Affif , Alan March","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth and scale of urbanisation in Indonesia poses various challenges, including the availability of affordable housing, which has forced many low-income people to live in informal settlements. Fires account for 15% of all disasters in Indonesia, particularly in densely populated urban areas such as informal settlements. The nature of informal settlements, which lack basic services along with poor living conditions, increases the likelihood of fire. The topic of informal settlement fires in Indonesia is relatively unresearched, especially studies tailored to waterfront informal settlements typologies which prevents an understanding of fire risk and its impact in the area. This study aims to investigate what aspects influence fire risk in the area and to increase the resilience of informal settlements to fire outbreaks with the intention of improving community resilience. A case study with mixed methods is employed in this study. Our study consists of two phases of data analysis. The first phase consists of spatial analysis, derivation of weight, risk assessment, sensitivity analysis, and identification of policy drivers. Meanwhile, the second phase of our data analysis consists of analysing conditions, challenges, and opportunities, resilient strategies development, and scenario testing. The results of this study revealed that the risk of fire in the area is considered high-to-very high, which is driven primarily by moderate hazard, high vulnerability, and low-to-very low capacity against fire. Primary drivers of fire risk in the area are building materials, electrical connection and equipment, road width, and building density. As a result, this study proposed nine physical and non-physical resilient strategies which has been categorised into three distinct aspects: development planning, development regulations, and risk management and response. Spatial analysis revealed that, if fully implemented and operationalised, these strategies could reclassify 90% of the area to moderate risk. Further research is should examine the causal factors of past fire incidents, the institutional capacity for fire management, and the socioeconomic conditions of the community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145499931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.09.001
A. Balbi , O. Kammouh , G.P. Cimellaro , M.P. Repetto
The efficient transportation of goods is vital for the economic growth of communities, making developing and maintaining seaport infrastructure an essential component of the marine transportation system. Given their geographic locations, ports are consistently at risk from natural hazards, making the resilience of port infrastructure an essential goal.
Despite considerable progress in resilience research, there remains a gap in methods tailored explicitly to assessing port resilience, particularly under extreme wind events. Current approaches often do not capture the full complexity of port systems, as they tend to focus on isolated aspects, such as structural resilience.
This paper introduces the PORT Resilience Framework, addressing these gaps by evaluating resilience through a comprehensive list of indicators gathered from various legitimate sources. The indicators are then organized under four comprehensive resilience dimensions: Physical Infrastructure, ICT (i.e., Information and Communication Technology) and Equipment; Organization and Business Management; Resources and Economic Development; and Territory, Environment, and Stakeholders. This classification is summarized under the acronym "PORT."
This paper also introduces a method for aggregating resilience indicators by considering their performance before and after a specific hazard, transforming the data into a quantifiable Loss of Resilience index. The approach is applied to a case study, assessing the resilience of a real Terminal against wind action using real data sourced from the port management.
The case study analysis revealed that human resources and quay operations were the most critical factors affecting recovery, with insufficient staffing leading to prolonged recovery periods. The study further demonstrated that post-disruption activity surges, captured by different serviceability function methodologies, often created operational bottlenecks, challenging the port's overall recovery.
{"title":"Resilience framework for seaport infrastructure under extreme wind","authors":"A. Balbi , O. Kammouh , G.P. Cimellaro , M.P. Repetto","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient transportation of goods is vital for the economic growth of communities, making developing and maintaining seaport infrastructure an essential component of the marine transportation system. Given their geographic locations, ports are consistently at risk from natural hazards, making the resilience of port infrastructure an essential goal.</div><div>Despite considerable progress in resilience research, there remains a gap in methods tailored explicitly to assessing port resilience, particularly under extreme wind events. Current approaches often do not capture the full complexity of port systems, as they tend to focus on isolated aspects, such as structural resilience.</div><div>This paper introduces the PORT Resilience Framework, addressing these gaps by evaluating resilience through a comprehensive list of indicators gathered from various legitimate sources. The indicators are then organized under four comprehensive resilience dimensions: Physical Infrastructure, ICT (i.e., Information and Communication Technology) and Equipment; Organization and Business Management; Resources and Economic Development; and Territory, Environment, and Stakeholders. This classification is summarized under the acronym \"PORT.\"</div><div>This paper also introduces a method for aggregating resilience indicators by considering their performance before and after a specific hazard, transforming the data into a quantifiable Loss of Resilience index. The approach is applied to a case study, assessing the resilience of a real Terminal against wind action using real data sourced from the port management.</div><div>The case study analysis revealed that human resources and quay operations were the most critical factors affecting recovery, with insufficient staffing leading to prolonged recovery periods. The study further demonstrated that post-disruption activity surges, captured by different serviceability function methodologies, often created operational bottlenecks, challenging the port's overall recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 99-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.10.001
Sabarethinam Kameshwar , Davide Forcellini , Andre R. Barbosa
Resilience of residential buildings depends on the recovery process that follows the impact of natural hazards, such as tsunamis. In particular, the historical database from tsunamis that occurred in different Countries (Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia, and Japan) have been considered. This study proposes a selection of the best-fitting models to assess the recovery process of tsunamis to derive a framework for resilience at geographical scales. Since the damage depends on the vulnerability of the buildings, several typologies have been considered. In addition, aggregations of different damage sources have been considered to propose comprehensive relationships. The definition of best-fitting recovery functions for different countries has been discussed to implement them in advanced platforms and calculate the resilience to tsunamis.
{"title":"Assessment of building recovery functions for local and global resilience assessment to tsunamis","authors":"Sabarethinam Kameshwar , Davide Forcellini , Andre R. Barbosa","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resilience of residential buildings depends on the recovery process that follows the impact of natural hazards, such as tsunamis. In particular, the historical database from tsunamis that occurred in different Countries (Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia, and Japan) have been considered. This study proposes a selection of the best-fitting models to assess the recovery process of tsunamis to derive a framework for resilience at geographical scales. Since the damage depends on the vulnerability of the buildings, several typologies have been considered. In addition, aggregations of different damage sources have been considered to propose comprehensive relationships. The definition of best-fitting recovery functions for different countries has been discussed to implement them in advanced platforms and calculate the resilience to tsunamis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 132-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flooding has become an emerging global catastrophe, generating considerable damage to both infrastructures and lives. Despite the critical need for quantitative assessments of both flood damage and the effectiveness of flood mitigation measures, most existing studies have focused on isolated aspects of flood risk. Only a very limited number of studies have comprehensively integrated hazard mapping, hydrodynamic simulations, and economic damage estimations to evaluate the real-world impact and effectiveness of flood mitigation measures (FMMs). This study presents a multi-method approach to evaluate the performance of such established structural FMMs. Initially, hazard assessments for two selected case study areas, the Colombo Metropolitan Area in Sri Lanka and Auckland, New Zealand, two flood-prone cities with contrasting geographical contexts. Flood inundation mapping for the Madiwela South Diversion, Colombo, Sri Lanka, was performed using hydrodynamic modeling to demonstrate the reduction in flood inundation area and depth after the implementation of the measure, considering six (6) design return periods (RPs). Subsequently, tangible and intangible property damage estimations for “without FMMs” and “with FMMs” were evaluated to identify the benefit of responding to flood conditions, utilising a vulnerability-based economic analysis. In addition to damage estimations, the study adopts a novel approach by conducting an investment viability analysis to find the Benefit-to-Cost ratios and Net Present Value of nine (9) selected FMMs implemented by Sri Lanka Land Development Co-operation (SLLDC). The FMMs implemented by SLLDC were selected from Colombo, Sri Lanka. The quantified damage estimates revealed a reduction in flood damages ranging from 39 % to 63 %, alongside a decrease in flood inundation depths between 9 % and 12 %, and the results underscore the significant effectiveness of FMMs in managing urban flooding and minimising its impacts. This cross-disciplinary methodology enables a transferable framework for resilience-oriented urban planning in diverse hydrological and geographical contexts.
{"title":"Integrated flood risk management for urban resilience: A multi-method framework combining hazard mapping, hydrodynamic modelling, and economic impact assessment","authors":"Paboda Jayawardane , Lalith Rajapakse , Chandana Siriwardana","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flooding has become an emerging global catastrophe, generating considerable damage to both infrastructures and lives. Despite the critical need for quantitative assessments of both flood damage and the effectiveness of flood mitigation measures, most existing studies have focused on isolated aspects of flood risk. Only a very limited number of studies have comprehensively integrated hazard mapping, hydrodynamic simulations, and economic damage estimations to evaluate the real-world impact and effectiveness of flood mitigation measures (FMMs). This study presents a multi-method approach to evaluate the performance of such established structural FMMs. Initially, hazard assessments for two selected case study areas, the Colombo Metropolitan Area in Sri Lanka and Auckland, New Zealand, two flood-prone cities with contrasting geographical contexts. Flood inundation mapping for the Madiwela South Diversion, Colombo, Sri Lanka, was performed using hydrodynamic modeling to demonstrate the reduction in flood inundation area and depth after the implementation of the measure, considering six (6) design return periods (RPs). Subsequently, tangible and intangible property damage estimations for “without FMMs” and “with FMMs” were evaluated to identify the benefit of responding to flood conditions, utilising a vulnerability-based economic analysis. In addition to damage estimations, the study adopts a novel approach by conducting an investment viability analysis to find the Benefit-to-Cost ratios and Net Present Value of nine (9) selected FMMs implemented by Sri Lanka Land Development Co-operation (SLLDC). The FMMs implemented by SLLDC were selected from Colombo, Sri Lanka. The quantified damage estimates revealed a reduction in flood damages ranging from 39 % to 63 %, alongside a decrease in flood inundation depths between 9 % and 12 %, and the results underscore the significant effectiveness of FMMs in managing urban flooding and minimising its impacts. This cross-disciplinary methodology enables a transferable framework for resilience-oriented urban planning in diverse hydrological and geographical contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 117-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.08.002
Arturo Tena-Colunga
During the Mw = 7.1 September 19, 2017 earthquake with epicenter nearby the boundary of Puebla and Morelos states, an important amount of structural damage occurred in Mexico City, 120 km away from the epicenter. Among the most severely affected sectors was the housing sector. At least 16 houses collapsed or partially collapsed during the earthquake, more than 5100 were demolished with public funds and more than 5800 were sternly damaged and required to be rehabilitated. Close to 1300 apartment buildings were severely damaged, where 33 of them collapsed or partially collapsed. Then, the recovery of the housing sector, which is instrumental for both the social and economy recovery of the city, have posed a monumental task and challenge to the citizens and authorities of Mexico City. In this paper, the author summarizes how these efforts to recover the affected housing sector have been in Mexico City close to eight years after the 9/19/2017 earthquake, based upon detailed statistics and information compiled by the author from different sources. It can be concluded that after 7+ years, the recovery process of single-family houses has been a success, as close to 100 % of the affected homes have been fully recovered with much better projects than the originally damaged. However, the recovery process of apartment buildings, although important, still has a long way to go. As of May 2025, only 59.6 % of the affected buildings have been fully recovered (31.3 % using public funds), other 11.3 % are under construction or rehabilitation process and, in 29.1 % of the affected buildings, no action has been taken to speed their recovery.
{"title":"The recovery process of housing in Mexico City 7+ years after the 2017 Puebla-Morelos earthquake","authors":"Arturo Tena-Colunga","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the <em>M<sub>w</sub></em> = 7.1 September 19, 2017 earthquake with epicenter nearby the boundary of Puebla and Morelos states, an important amount of structural damage occurred in Mexico City, 120 km away from the epicenter. Among the most severely affected sectors was the housing sector. At least 16 houses collapsed or partially collapsed during the earthquake, more than 5100 were demolished with public funds and more than 5800 were sternly damaged and required to be rehabilitated. Close to 1300 apartment buildings were severely damaged, where 33 of them collapsed or partially collapsed. Then, the recovery of the housing sector, which is instrumental for both the social and economy recovery of the city, have posed a monumental task and challenge to the citizens and authorities of Mexico City. In this paper, the author summarizes how these efforts to recover the affected housing sector have been in Mexico City close to eight years after the 9/19/2017 earthquake, based upon detailed statistics and information compiled by the author from different sources. It can be concluded that after 7+ years, the recovery process of single-family houses has been a success, as close to 100 % of the affected homes have been fully recovered with much better projects than the originally damaged. However, the recovery process of apartment buildings, although important, still has a long way to go. As of May 2025, only 59.6 % of the affected buildings have been fully recovered (31.3 % using public funds), other 11.3 % are under construction or rehabilitation process and, in 29.1 % of the affected buildings, no action has been taken to speed their recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 67-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-16DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.08.001
Tidarut Jirawattanasomkul , Le Hang , Supasit Srivaranun , Suched Likitlersuang , Pitcha Jongvivatsakul , Wanchai Yodsudjai , Punchet Thammarak
This study developed a digital twin (DT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) system for a balanced cantilever bridge, utilizing advanced measurement techniques to enhance accuracy. Vibration and dynamic strain measurements were obtained using accelerometers and piezo-resistive strain gauges, capturing low-magnitude dynamic strains during operational vibrations. 3D-LiDAR scanning and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests captured the bridge's as-is geometry and modulus of elasticity. The resulting detailed 3D point cloud model revealed the structure's true state and highlighted discrepancies between the as-designed and as-built conditions. Dynamic properties, including modal frequencies and shapes, were extracted from the strain and acceleration measurements, providing critical insights into the bridge's structural behavior. The neutral axis depth, indicating stress distribution and potential damage, was accurately determined. Good agreement between vibration measurement data and the as-is model results validated the reliability of the digital twin model. Dynamic strain patterns and neutral axis parameters showed strong correlation with model predictions, serving as sensitive indicators of local damage. The baseline digital twin model and measurement results establish a foundation for future bridge inspections and investigations. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining digital twin technology with field measurements for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, ensuring the sustainability and safety of the bridge infrastructure, thereby enhancing its overall resilience to operational and environmental stressors.
{"title":"Digital twin-based structural health monitoring and measurements of dynamic characteristics in balanced cantilever bridge","authors":"Tidarut Jirawattanasomkul , Le Hang , Supasit Srivaranun , Suched Likitlersuang , Pitcha Jongvivatsakul , Wanchai Yodsudjai , Punchet Thammarak","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed a digital twin (DT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) system for a balanced cantilever bridge, utilizing advanced measurement techniques to enhance accuracy. Vibration and dynamic strain measurements were obtained using accelerometers and piezo-resistive strain gauges, capturing low-magnitude dynamic strains during operational vibrations. 3D-LiDAR scanning and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests captured the bridge's as-is geometry and modulus of elasticity. The resulting detailed 3D point cloud model revealed the structure's true state and highlighted discrepancies between the as-designed and as-built conditions. Dynamic properties, including modal frequencies and shapes, were extracted from the strain and acceleration measurements, providing critical insights into the bridge's structural behavior. The neutral axis depth, indicating stress distribution and potential damage, was accurately determined. Good agreement between vibration measurement data and the as-is model results validated the reliability of the digital twin model. Dynamic strain patterns and neutral axis parameters showed strong correlation with model predictions, serving as sensitive indicators of local damage. The baseline digital twin model and measurement results establish a foundation for future bridge inspections and investigations. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining digital twin technology with field measurements for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, ensuring the sustainability and safety of the bridge infrastructure, thereby enhancing its overall resilience to operational and environmental stressors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 48-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.07.001
Mucedero G , Couto R , Yükselen B , Monteiro R
Recent research demonstrates the need for comprehensive frameworks to achieve an appropriate level of resilience (e.g., energy, seismic) of the European building stock, through integrated retrofitting interventions. Different frameworks have been proposed to identify optimal interventions when several feasible alternatives are available, considering multiple decision variables of different nature, such as social, economic, or technical. Within these efforts and frameworks, less attention has been paid to the post-earthquake recovery time of buildings and communities, thus ignoring the significance of reaching a desired recovery state (e.g., functional recovery) within a specified time frame. To overcome this limitation, this study estimates post-earthquake recovery times and uses them as one of the decision variables in multi-criteria identification of optimal retrofitting of an existing RC building. The case-study building is representative of the Italian school buildings constructed between the 1960s and 1970s and was analysed under two seismic hazard levels (moderate and high). Following the identification of the main structural deficiencies of the as-built structure through nonlinear static analyses, four seismic retrofit measures were selected. Then, the earthquake-induced downtime of each of the four retrofitted building configurations was assessed, analysing the different recovery times as a function of the seismic hazard level and the recovery state. A downtime-based metric, namely the expected annual downtime, was introduced as decision variable within an available multi-criteria decision-making framework to include the impact of downtime, rank the four retrofit measures and identify the preferable one.
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Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.003
Tinger Zhu , Charalampos Avraam , Jack W. Baker
Interdependencies between critical infrastructures and the economy amplify the effects of damage caused by disasters. The growing interest in impacts beyond physical damage and community resilience has spurred a surge in literature on economic modeling methodologies for estimating indirect economic impacts of disasters and the recovery of economic activity over time. In this review, we present a framework for categorizing modeling approaches that assess indirect economic impacts across natural hazards and anthropogenic disasters such as cyber attacks. We first conduct a comparative analysis of macroeconomic models, focusing on the approaches capturing sectoral interdependencies. These include the Leontief Input-Output (I/O) model, the Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM), the Dynamic Inoperability Input-Output Model (DIIM), the Adaptive Regional Input-Output (ARIO) model, and the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and its extensions. We evaluate their applicability to disaster scenarios based on input data availability, the compatibility of model assumptions, and output capabilities. We also reveal the functional relationships of input data and output metrics across economic modeling approaches for inter-sectoral impacts. Furthermore, we examine how the damage mechanisms posed by different types of disasters translate into model inputs and impact modeling processes. This synthesis provides guidance for researchers and practitioners in selecting and configuring models based on specific disaster scenarios. It also identifies the gaps in the literature, including the need for a deeper understanding of model performance reliability, key drivers of economic outcomes in different disaster contexts, and the disparities in modeling approach applications across various hazard types.
{"title":"Macroeconomic models for predicting indirect impacts of disasters: A review","authors":"Tinger Zhu , Charalampos Avraam , Jack W. Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interdependencies between critical infrastructures and the economy amplify the effects of damage caused by disasters. The growing interest in impacts beyond physical damage and community resilience has spurred a surge in literature on economic modeling methodologies for estimating indirect economic impacts of disasters and the recovery of economic activity over time. In this review, we present a framework for categorizing modeling approaches that assess indirect economic impacts across natural hazards and anthropogenic disasters such as cyber attacks. We first conduct a comparative analysis of macroeconomic models, focusing on the approaches capturing sectoral interdependencies. These include the Leontief Input-Output (I/O) model, the Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM), the Dynamic Inoperability Input-Output Model (DIIM), the Adaptive Regional Input-Output (ARIO) model, and the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and its extensions. We evaluate their applicability to disaster scenarios based on input data availability, the compatibility of model assumptions, and output capabilities. We also reveal the functional relationships of input data and output metrics across economic modeling approaches for inter-sectoral impacts. Furthermore, we examine how the damage mechanisms posed by different types of disasters translate into model inputs and impact modeling processes. This synthesis provides guidance for researchers and practitioners in selecting and configuring models based on specific disaster scenarios. It also identifies the gaps in the literature, including the need for a deeper understanding of model performance reliability, key drivers of economic outcomes in different disaster contexts, and the disparities in modeling approach applications across various hazard types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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