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Building Stock and Emission Models for Jakarta 雅加达建筑存量和排放模型
Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2024.10.002
Hanif Hanif , Ahmed Z. Khan , Muhammad Idrus Alhamid , Yohei Yamaguchi
Understanding urban-scale building emissions is crucial for achieving net-zero targets. This study examined embodied and operational emissions in Jakarta from 2010 to 2022 using the bottom-up Building Stock Model (BSM) and analyzed building stocks across seven categories: apartments, offices, malls, hotels, education facilities, hospitals, and landed houses. Carbon factors for construction materials, fuels, electricity, and cooking gas, along with occupancy rates, were included in the emissions calculations. The findings reveal consistent growth in apartments, malls, and offices, with operational emissions significantly decreasing after the 2015 green building regulations. Despite a declining share in Jakarta’s building stock, landed houses still account for over 40% of embodied and nearly 75% of operational emissions. With around 80% of the population preferring to live in landed houses, their impact on emissions remains substantial. In 2010, Jakarta’s building floor stock was 167 km2. Projections using simple linear regression suggest it could reach 268 km2 by 2050. Emission forecasts using the Prophet Forecasting Model (PFM) suggest that by 2050, building emissions could return to 2010 levels if stricter regulations are consistently enforced. The study underscores the necessity for continuous regulatory advancements and carbon offset initiatives to achieve net-zero emissions.
了解城市规模的建筑排放对于实现净零排放目标至关重要。本研究采用自下而上的建筑存量模型(BSM),对雅加达 2010 年至 2022 年的体现和运营排放进行了研究,并分析了七类建筑存量:公寓、写字楼、商场、酒店、教育设施、医院和土地住宅。建筑材料、燃料、电力和厨用煤气的碳系数以及占用率都被纳入了排放量计算。研究结果显示,公寓、商场和写字楼的排放量持续增长,而在 2015 年绿色建筑法规实施后,运营过程中的排放量大幅下降。尽管土地房屋在雅加达建筑总量中所占的比例有所下降,但仍占体现排放量的 40% 以上,占运行排放量的近 75%。由于约 80% 的人口喜欢居住在有地房屋中,因此它们对排放的影响仍然很大。2010 年,雅加达的建筑面积为 167 平方公里。根据简单线性回归的预测,到 2050 年,雅加达的建筑面积将达到 268 平方公里。使用先知预测模型(PFM)进行的排放预测表明,如果持续执行更严格的法规,到 2050 年,建筑排放量将恢复到 2010 年的水平。该研究强调,要实现净零排放,就必须不断推进监管和碳补偿措施。
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引用次数: 0
Key networks to create disaster resilient Smart Cities Mission: A case for remodeling India's Smart Cities Mission to include disaster resilience 创建具有抗灾能力的智能城市任务的关键网络:重塑印度智慧城市使命以纳入抗灾能力的案例
Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2024.09.001
Yamini Meduri , R. Singh , Geetha Manoharan
Amidst a concerning surge in urban losses attributed to disasters, this research paper explores the intricate relationship between urban development, disaster mitigation, and resilience emphasizing the significance of addressing disaster vulnerability in urban settings, where a substantial portion of the population faces risks stemming from high population density, limited resilience, and inadequate coping capabilities. The study advocates for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the Smart Cities Mission of India, placing particular emphasis on the necessity of developing infrastructure, establishing early warning systems, and fostering community engagement to bolster urban resilience. Furthermore, the paper draws comparisons and parallels between the components of smart cities, mitigation strategies, and disaster resilience, illuminating their interconnectedness and potential synergies. In conclusion, the study recommends the incorporation of essential network elements to establish a Smart Cities Mission that is resilient to disasters, ultimately aiming to safeguard urban communities from the adverse impacts of future calamities.
在因灾害造成的城市损失激增的情况下,本研究论文探讨了城市发展、减灾和抗灾能力之间错综复杂的关系,强调了在城市环境中解决灾害脆弱性问题的重要性,因为在城市环境中,很大一部分人口面临着因人口密度高、抗灾能力有限和应对能力不足而产生的风险。该研究主张将抗灾原则纳入印度的 "智慧城市使命",特别强调了发展基础设施、建立预警系统和促进社区参与以增强城市抗灾能力的必要性。此外,本文还对智慧城市的组成部分、减灾战略和抗灾能力进行了比较和类比,阐明了它们之间的相互联系和潜在协同作用。最后,本研究建议纳入必要的网络要素,以建立具有抗灾能力的智慧城市使命,最终旨在保护城市社区免受未来灾害的不利影响。
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引用次数: 0
Landslide-oriented disaster resilience evaluation in mountainous cities: A case study in Chongqing, China 以滑坡为导向的山区城市抗灾能力评估:中国重庆案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2024.10.001
Junhao Huang, Haijia Wen, Zhuohang Li, Yalan Zhang
Natural and human-made disasters are threatening cities around the world. The resilience of cities plays a critical role in disaster risk response and post-disaster recovery. In mountainous cities, landslides are among the most frequent and destructive hazards. This study presents a novel methodological framework for assessing the spatial resilience of mountainous cities specifically against landslides. Focusing on Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, this study conceptually divides the disaster resilience of mountain cities to landslides into two dimensions: environmental resilience and social resilience. This study developed a comprehensive database by compiling data from 4,464 historical landslide events, incorporating 17 environmental resilience indicators and 16 social resilience indicators. Random forest (RF) model was employed to evaluate environmental resilience, achieving a high AUC of 0.968 and an accuracy of 97.1 %. Social resilience was assessed by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and comprehensive resilience was ranked by the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Key findings include: (1) Establishing a multi-dimensional resilience indicator system that effectively assesses landslide-oriented resilience in mountainous cities. (2) Comprehensive resilience in mountainous cities exhibit distinct spatial clustering patterns. Regions with lower environmental resilience are mainly characterized by high rainfall and complex terrain. higher social resilience concentrated in city centers, while peripheral regions face challenges due to weaker economies and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. (3) In the future development of mountain cities, comprehensive and sustainable strategies should be adopted to balance the relationship between environmental resilience and social resilience. This study provides a robust framework for disaster prevention and resilience assessment in mountainous cities, which can be applied to evaluate the disaster resistance capabilities of other mountainous cities.
自然灾害和人为灾害正威胁着世界各地的城市。城市的抗灾能力在灾害风险应对和灾后恢复中发挥着至关重要的作用。在山区城市,山体滑坡是最频繁和最具破坏性的灾害之一。本研究提出了一个新颖的方法框架,用于评估山区城市的空间抗灾能力,特别是对山体滑坡的抗灾能力。本研究以三峡库区的重庆为重点,从概念上将山区城市对滑坡的抗灾能力分为两个维度:环境抗灾能力和社会抗灾能力。本研究通过汇编 4464 起历史滑坡事件的数据,建立了一个综合数据库,其中包含 17 个环境复原力指标和 16 个社会复原力指标。采用随机森林(RF)模型评估环境复原力,AUC 高达 0.968,准确率为 97.1%。社会复原力采用层次分析法(AHP)进行评估,综合复原力采用与理想解决方案相似度排序法(TOPSIS)进行排序。主要结论包括(1) 建立多维复原力指标体系,有效评估山区城市以滑坡为导向的复原力。(2) 山区城市的综合复原力呈现出明显的空间集群模式。环境复原力较低的地区主要表现为降雨量大、地形复杂。社会复原力较高的地区集中在城市中心,而外围地区则因经济实力较弱、医疗基础设施不足而面临挑战。(3) 山区城市的未来发展应采取全面、可持续的战略,平衡环境复原力与社会复原力之间的关系。本研究为山区城市的防灾和抗灾能力评估提供了一个强有力的框架,可用于评估其他山区城市的抗灾能力。
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引用次数: 0
Wind risk and mitigation calculator framework for determining the wind annualized risk for single- and multi-family homes to support resilient community decision-making 风灾风险和减灾计算器框架,用于确定单户和多户住宅的风灾年化风险,以支持弹性社区决策
Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2024.08.002
Ayat Al Assi , Rubayet Bin Mostafiz , Fatemeh Orooji , Arash Taghinezhad , Melanie Gall , Robert V. Rohli , Christopher T. Emrich , Carol J. Friedland , Eric Johnson

Communicating risks and mitigation benefits associated with natural hazards such as wind to the general public is challenging given the location-dependency of parameters and the complexity of the problem. Web tools play a crucial role in educating residents, decision-makers, and stakeholders regarding potential wind hazard losses to, for example, residential buildings.

However, a notable gap exists on the practical incorporation of mitigation actions within these tools. This gap hampers the collective awareness and understanding among stakeholders, communities, and citizens regarding the tangible advantages of mitigation strategies in reducing wind-related risks. Furthermore, there exists a need to elucidate the functionality and objectives of these tools in a more accessible manner. This study aims to present and outline the wind risk and mitigation calculator tool (WRMCT) within the Hazardaware platform, which is an address-based risk assessment tool. This tool, developed for 196 counties in the Gulf of Mexico coastal area, facilitates users' education of potential risks and benefits associated with mitigation strategies. WRMCT enables users to access location-specific wind risk and interactively suggests potential mitigation actions along with economic savings to support informed decisions and residential risk reduction. WRMCT intends to enhance users’ ability to make informed decisions, take proactive measures in mitigating wind hazards, and contribute to the development of resilient, residential communities.

鉴于参数的位置依赖性和问题的复杂性,向公众宣传与风等自然灾害相关的风险和减灾效益具有挑战性。网络工具在教育居民、决策者和利益相关者了解风灾对住宅建筑等可能造成的损失方面发挥着至关重要的作用。这一差距阻碍了利益相关者、社区和公民对减灾战略在降低风灾风险方面的实际优势的集体认识和理解。此外,还需要以更易于理解的方式阐明这些工具的功能和目标。本研究旨在介绍和概述 Hazardaware 平台中的风灾风险与减灾计算工具 (WRMCT),这是一个基于地址的风险评估工具。该工具是为墨西哥湾沿海地区的 196 个县开发的,有助于用户了解与减灾战略相关的潜在风险和收益。WRMCT 使用户能够获取特定地点的风灾风险,并以互动方式建议潜在的减灾行动和经济效益,以支持明智决策和降低住宅风险。WRMCT 旨在提高用户做出明智决策的能力,采取积极主动的措施减轻风灾危害,并为发展具有抗灾能力的住宅社区做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative crack evaluation in slender reinforced concrete walls with rectangular section 矩形截面细长钢筋混凝土墙的裂缝定量评估
Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2024.07.001
Priyana Rajbhandari , Chanipa Netrattana , Taku Obara , Kono Susumu

Past earthquakes have shown that cracking affects post-earthquake functionality and accounted for huge repair costs for reinforced concrete (RC) wall buildings, even though the code-compliant seismic design prevents collapse. Engineers should know the maximum residual flexural crack width and volume of repair material needed for the flexural cracks to determine the damage degree and the repair cost. This paper presents the experimental campaign on four RC slender walls that investigated the effect of confining reinforcement and thickness of the wall on flexural crack parameters under quasi-static reversed cyclic loading. The width of all flexural cracks was measured when reaching each cycle peak drift and when unloading to zero lateral loads. Crack widths at peak and residual states increased with increasing peak drift. Based on the experimental observations, it was found that the maximum residual crack width is obtained as a simple function of the extreme tension fiber elongation of the wall tensile fiber within ±30% error. In addition, this paper outlines methods to calculate the volume of repair material for flexural cracks from the extreme tension fiber elongation of the wall. With the fundamental rules found from the experiment in this paper, it will become possible to obtain the maximum crack width and the volume of repair material from simple numerical analysis tools such as a multi-spring line element model.

过去的地震表明,开裂会影响震后功能,并导致钢筋混凝土(RC)墙体建筑的巨额维修费用,即使符合规范的抗震设计可以防止倒塌。工程师应了解最大残余挠曲裂缝宽度和挠曲裂缝所需的修复材料用量,以确定损坏程度和修复成本。本文介绍了在准静力反向循环荷载作用下,对四堵细长钢筋混凝土墙进行的实验活动,研究了约束钢筋和墙体厚度对挠曲裂缝参数的影响。所有挠曲裂缝的宽度都是在达到每个循环的峰值漂移和卸载至零侧向荷载时测量的。峰值漂移和残余状态下的裂缝宽度随着峰值漂移的增加而增加。根据实验观察发现,最大残余裂缝宽度是壁拉伸纤维的极限拉伸纤维伸长率的简单函数,误差在±30%以内。此外,本文还概述了根据墙体极拉伸纤维伸长率计算挠曲裂缝修补材料体积的方法。有了本文从实验中发现的基本规则,就可以通过简单的数值分析工具(如多弹簧线元模型)获得最大裂缝宽度和修复材料体积。
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引用次数: 0
Nonparametric statistical analysis of system resilience migration and application for electric distribution structures 系统复原力迁移的非参数统计分析及其在配电结构中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2024.07.005
ZhiQiang Chen, Prativa Sharma

This paper proposes a set of nonparametric statistical tools for analyzing the system resilience of civil structures and infrastructure and its migration upon changes in critical system parameters. The work is founded on the classic theoretic framework that system resilience is defined in multiple dimensions for a constructed system. Consequentially, system resilience can lose its parametric form as a random variable, falling into the realm of nonparametric statistics. With this nonparametric shift, traditional distribution-based statistics are ineffective in characterizing the migration of system resilience due to the variation of system parameters. Three statistical tools are proposed under the nonparametric statistical resilience analysis (npSRA) framework, including nonparametric copula-based sensitivity analysis, two-sample resilience test analysis, and a novel tool for resilience attenuation analysis. To demonstrate the use of this framework, we focus on electric distribution systems, commonly found in many urban, suburban, and rural areas and vulnerable to tropical storms. A novel procedure for considering resourcefulness parameters in the socioeconomic space is proposed. Numerical results reveal the complex statistical relations between the distributions of system resilience, physical aging, and socioeconomic parameters for the power distribution system. The proposed resilience distance computing and resilience attenuation analysis further suggests two proper nonparametric distance metrics, the Earth Moving Distance (EMD) metric and the Cramévon Mises (CVM) metric, for characterizing the migration of system resilience for electric distribution systems.

本文提出了一套非参数统计工具,用于分析民用结构和基础设施的系统弹性及其在关键系统参数变化时的迁移。这项工作建立在一个经典的理论框架之上,即系统复原力是在多个维度上定义一个构造系统的。因此,系统复原力可以失去其作为随机变量的参数形式,进入非参数统计领域。随着这种非参数化的转变,传统的基于分布的统计方法无法有效表征系统弹性因系统参数变化而发生的迁移。在非参数统计弹性分析(npSRA)框架下,提出了三种统计工具,包括基于非参数 copula 的敏感性分析、双样本弹性测试分析和弹性衰减分析的新型工具。为了演示该框架的使用,我们将重点放在配电系统上,该系统常见于许多城市、郊区和农村地区,易受热带风暴的影响。我们提出了一种在社会经济空间中考虑资源丰富性参数的新程序。数值结果揭示了配电系统的系统恢复力、物理老化和社会经济参数分布之间复杂的统计关系。所提出的复原力距离计算和复原力衰减分析进一步提出了两个适当的非参数距离度量,即地球移动距离(EMD)度量和克拉梅冯-米塞斯(CVM)度量,用于描述配电系统的系统复原力迁移特征。
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引用次数: 0
A digital twin framework for efficient electric power restoration and resilient recovery in the aftermath of hurricanes considering the interdependencies with road network and essential facilities 考虑到与道路网络和基本设施的相互依存关系,建立一个数字孪生框架,用于在飓风过后进行高效的电力恢复和弹性复原
Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2024.07.004
Abdullah M. Braik, Maria Koliou

The community's resilience in the face of natural hazards relies heavily on the rapid and efficient restoration of electric power networks, which plays a critical role in emergency response, economic recovery, and the functionality of essential lifeline and social infrastructure systems. Leveraging the recent data revolution, the digital twin (DT) concept emerges as a promising tool to enhance the effectiveness of post-disaster recovery efforts. This paper introduces a novel framework for post-hurricane electric power restoration using a hybrid DT approach that combines physics-based and data-driven models by utilizing a dynamic Bayesian network. By capturing the complexities of power system dynamics and incorporating the road network's influence, the framework offers a comprehensive methodology to guide real-time power restoration efforts in post-disaster scenarios. A discrete event simulation is conducted to demonstrate the proposed framework's efficacy. The study showcases how the electric power restoration DT can be monitored and updated in real-time, reflecting changing conditions and facilitating adaptive decision-making. Furthermore, it demonstrates the framework's flexibility to allow decision-makers to prioritize essential, residential, and business facilities and compare different restoration plans and their potential effect on the community.

面对自然灾害,社区的恢复能力在很大程度上依赖于电力网络的快速高效恢复,而电力网络在应急响应、经济恢复以及重要生命线和社会基础设施系统的功能性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。借助最近的数据革命,数字孪生(DT)概念成为提高灾后恢复工作有效性的一个前景广阔的工具。本文介绍了一种新颖的飓风后电力恢复框架,该框架采用混合 DT 方法,通过利用动态贝叶斯网络将基于物理的模型和数据驱动模型相结合。通过捕捉电力系统动态的复杂性并结合道路网络的影响,该框架提供了一种全面的方法来指导灾后实时电力恢复工作。研究人员进行了离散事件模拟,以证明所提议框架的有效性。该研究展示了如何对电力恢复 DT 进行实时监控和更新,以反映不断变化的情况并促进适应性决策。此外,它还展示了该框架的灵活性,允许决策者优先考虑重要的住宅和商业设施,并比较不同的恢复计划及其对社区的潜在影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the role of transportation system in community seismic resilience 评估交通系统在社区抗震中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2024.05.003
Kairui Feng , Cao Wang , Quanwang Li

The swift recuperation of communities following natural hazards heavily relies on the efficiency of transportation systems, facilitating the timely delivery of vital resources and manpower to reconstruction sites. This paper delves into the pivotal role of transportation systems in aiding the recovery of built environments, proposing an evaluative metric that correlates transportation capacity with the speed of post-earthquake recovery. Focusing on optimizing urban population capacity in the aftermath of earthquakes, the study comprehensively examines the impact of pre-earthquake measures such as enhancing building or bridge seismic performance on post-earthquake urban population capacity. The methodology is demonstrated through an analysis of Beijing’s transportation system, elucidating how enhancements to transportation infrastructure fortify the resilience of built environments. Additionally, the concept of a resource supply rate is introduced to gauge the level of logistical support available after an earthquake. This rate tends to decrease when transportation damage is significant or when the demands for repairs overwhelm available resources, indicating a need for retrofitting. Through sensitivity analysis, this study explores how investments in the built environment or logistical systems can increase the resource supply rate, thereby contributing to more resilient urban areas in the face of seismic challenges.

自然灾害发生后,社区的迅速恢复在很大程度上依赖于运输系统的效率,它有助于将重要资源和人力及时运送到重建地点。本文深入探讨了交通系统在帮助建筑环境恢复中的关键作用,提出了一种将交通能力与震后恢复速度相关联的评估指标。该研究以优化地震后城市人口容量为重点,全面考察了震前措施(如提高建筑物或桥梁的抗震性能)对震后城市人口容量的影响。研究方法通过对北京交通系统的分析进行了论证,阐明了交通基础设施的改善如何增强建筑环境的抗震能力。此外,该方法还引入了资源供应率的概念,以衡量地震后可用的后勤支持水平。当交通受到严重破坏或维修需求超过可用资源时,资源供应率往往会下降,这表明需要进行改造。通过敏感性分析,本研究探讨了对建筑环境或后勤系统的投资如何能够提高资源供应率,从而帮助城市地区在面对地震挑战时具有更强的抗灾能力。
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引用次数: 0
Untangling the relationship between power outage and population activity recovery in disasters 理清灾害中停电与人口活动恢复之间的关系
Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2024.06.003
Chia-Wei Hsu, Ali Mostafavi

Despite recognition of the relationship between infrastructure resilience and community recovery, very limited empirical evidence exists regarding the extent to which the disruptions in and restoration of infrastructure services contribute to the speed of community recovery. To address this gap, this study investigates the relationship between community and infrastructure systems in the context of hurricane impacts, focusing on the recovery dynamics of population activity and power infrastructure restoration. Empirical observational data were utilized to analyze the extent of impact, recovery duration, and recovery types of both systems in the aftermath of Hurricane Ida. The study reveals three key findings. First, power outage duration positively correlates with outage extent until a certain impact threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, restoration time remains relatively stable regardless of outage magnitude. This finding underscores the need to strengthen power infrastructure, particularly in extreme weather conditions, to minimize outage restoration time. Second, power was fully restored in 70% of affected areas before population activity levels normalized. This finding suggests the role infrastructure functionality plays in post-disaster community recovery. Quicker power restoration did not equate to rapid population activity recovery due to other possible factors such as transportation, housing damage, and business interruptions. Finally, if power outages last beyond two weeks, community activity resumes before complete power restoration, indicating adaptability in prolonged outage scenarios. This implies the capacity of communities to adapt to ongoing power outages and continue daily life activities. These findings offer valuable empirical insights into the interaction between human activities and infrastructure systems, such as power outages, during extreme weather events. They also enhance our empirical understanding of how infrastructure resilience influences community recovery. By identifying the critical thresholds for power outage functionality and duration that affect population activity recovery, this study furthers our understanding of how infrastructure performance intertwines with community functioning in extreme weather conditions. Hence, the findings can inform infrastructure operators, emergency managers, and public officials about the significance of resilient infrastructure in life activity recovery of communities when facing extreme weather hazards.

尽管人们认识到基础设施复原力与社区恢复之间的关系,但关于基础设施服务的中断和恢复在多大程度上促进了社区恢复速度的经验证据却非常有限。为了弥补这一不足,本研究调查了飓风影响下社区与基础设施系统之间的关系,重点关注人口活动和电力基础设施恢复的恢复动态。研究利用经验观察数据分析了伊达飓风后两个系统的影响程度、恢复持续时间和恢复类型。研究揭示了三个主要发现。首先,停电持续时间与停电范围呈正相关,直到达到一定的影响阈值。超过这个阈值后,无论停电程度如何,恢复时间都保持相对稳定。这一发现强调了加强电力基础设施的必要性,尤其是在极端天气条件下,以最大限度地缩短停电恢复时间。其次,在人口活动水平恢复正常之前,70% 的受灾地区已完全恢复供电。这一发现表明了基础设施功能在灾后社区恢复中的作用。由于其他可能的因素,如交通、房屋损坏和业务中断,较快的电力恢复并不等于人口活动的快速恢复。最后,如果停电时间超过两周,社区活动会在电力完全恢复之前恢复,这表明了在长期停电情况下的适应能力。这意味着社区有能力适应持续停电并继续开展日常生活活动。这些发现为极端天气事件期间人类活动与停电等基础设施系统之间的互动提供了宝贵的经验见解。它们还增强了我们对基础设施复原力如何影响社区恢复的经验性理解。通过确定影响人口活动恢复的停电功能和持续时间的关键阈值,本研究进一步加深了我们对极端天气条件下基础设施性能如何与社区功能相互交织的理解。因此,研究结果可以让基础设施运营商、应急管理人员和政府官员了解,在面临极端天气灾害时,弹性基础设施对社区生命活动恢复的重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Mixed reality head mounted displays for enhanced indoor point cloud segmentation with virtual seeds 混合现实头戴式显示器用于利用虚拟种子进行增强型室内点云分割
Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2024.06.005
Juan C. Navares-Vázquez, Pedro Arias, Lucía Díaz-Vilariño, Jesús Balado

Mixed Reality (MR) Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) offer a hitherto underutilized set of advantages compared to conventional 3D scanners. These benefits, inherent to MR-HMDs albeit not originally intended for such applications, encompass the freedom of hand movement, hand tracking capabilities, and real-time mesh visualization. This study leverages these attributes to enhance indoor scanning process. The primary innovation lies in the conceptualization of manual-positioned MR virtual seeds for the purpose of indoor point cloud segmentation via a region-growing approach. The proposed methodology is effectively implemented using the HoloLens 2 platform. An application is designed to enable the remote placement of virtual tags based on the user's visual focus on the MR-HMD display. This non-intrusive interface is further enriched with expedited tag saving and deletion functionalities, as well as augmented tag visualization through overlaying them on real-world objects. To assess the practicality of the proposed method, a comprehensive real-world case study spanning an area of 330 s2 is conducted. Remarkably, the survey demonstrates remarkable efficiency, with 20 virtual tags swiftly deployed, each requiring a mere 2 s for precise positioning. Subsequently, these virtual tags are employed as seeds in a region-growing algorithm for point cloud segmentation. The accuracy of virtual tag positioning is found to be exceptional, with an average error of 2.4 ± 1.8 cm. Importantly, the user experience is significantly enhanced, leading to improved seed positioning and, consequently, more accurate final segmentation results.

与传统 3D 扫描仪相比,混合现实(MR)头戴式显示器(HMD)具有一系列迄今尚未充分利用的优势。这些优势是磁共振头戴式显示器所固有的,尽管最初并不是为此类应用而设计的,但包括手部自由移动、手部跟踪能力和实时网格可视化。本研究利用这些特性来增强室内扫描过程。主要创新点在于手动定位磁共振虚拟种子的概念化,以便通过区域生长方法进行室内点云分割。所提出的方法可通过 HoloLens 2 平台有效实施。设计了一个应用程序,可根据用户在 MR-HMD 显示屏上的视觉焦点远程放置虚拟标签。这种非侵入式界面进一步丰富了标签的快速保存和删除功能,并通过将标签叠加到真实世界的物体上增强了标签的可视化。为了评估所建议方法的实用性,我们进行了一项全面的真实世界案例研究,研究面积达 330 平方米。值得注意的是,这项调查显示了显著的效率,20 个虚拟标签被迅速部署,每个标签只需要 2 秒钟就能精确定位。随后,这些虚拟标签被用作点云分割区域生长算法的种子。虚拟标签定位的精确度非常高,平均误差为 2.4 ± 1.8 厘米。重要的是,用户体验得到显著提升,种子定位得到改善,最终的分割结果也更加精确。
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Resilient Cities and Structures
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