Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.003
Homero Carrion-Cabrera , Michel Bruneau
This paper presents a review of how the ductile diaphragm concept was formulated, evaluated, improved, and implemented over time to achieve seismically resilient bridges. A particular emphasis is placed on the most recent work that has provided a more fully, and more widely applicable, version of the concept. The paper also addresses how to design buckling restrained braces used as energy dissipating elements in the longitudinal direction of multi-span bridges (simple spans or continuous bridges) as part of the ductile diaphragm concept. In all cases, the objective of the ductile diaphragm concept is to concentrate ductility demands in steel energy dissipating elements located at the ends of the superstructure spans to protect the substructure (and rest of the superstructure) from damage, to ensure that the bridge can remain open to full traffic immediately following an earthquake.
{"title":"Review of the evolution of the ductile diaphragm concept for seismically resilient bridges","authors":"Homero Carrion-Cabrera , Michel Bruneau","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a review of how the ductile diaphragm concept was formulated, evaluated, improved, and implemented over time to achieve seismically resilient bridges. A particular emphasis is placed on the most recent work that has provided a more fully, and more widely applicable, version of the concept. The paper also addresses how to design buckling restrained braces used as energy dissipating elements in the longitudinal direction of multi-span bridges (simple spans or continuous bridges) as part of the ductile diaphragm concept. In all cases, the objective of the ductile diaphragm concept is to concentrate ductility demands in steel energy dissipating elements located at the ends of the superstructure spans to protect the substructure (and rest of the superstructure) from damage, to ensure that the bridge can remain open to full traffic immediately following an earthquake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 14-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.005
Junzhi Liao , Davide Forcellini , Jason Fang , Lizhi Sun
Seismic resilience (SR) has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure, recover from, and adapt to seismic events. This study presents an entropy-based multi-criteria approach for selecting optimal intensity measures (IMs) to assess SR of structures. Eight representative IMs, derived from time histories and response spectrum are evaluated. Incremental dynamic analysis is conducted on a reinforced concrete structure, using engineering demand parameters such as the maximum inter-story drift and floor acceleration to generate fragility curves via a probabilistic seismic demand model. The optimal IMs are identified through a multi-criteria decision-making process, with scores calculated using the entropy weight method to incorporate factors such as efficiency, proficiency, and uncertainty based on information entropy. An effective SR framework is derived from fragility results. The findings indicate that peak ground velocity and spectral IMs are the most effective, while energy-related IMs underestimate SR. The study highlights the importance of optimizing IMs for more accurate seismic resilience assessments. The proposed entropy-based multi-criteria approach is shown to be both reliable and effective for selecting optimal IMs in this context.
{"title":"An entropy-based multi-criteria approach for intensity measure selection in seismic resilience of structures","authors":"Junzhi Liao , Davide Forcellini , Jason Fang , Lizhi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic resilience (SR) has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure, recover from, and adapt to seismic events. This study presents an entropy-based multi-criteria approach for selecting optimal intensity measures (IMs) to assess SR of structures. Eight representative IMs, derived from time histories and response spectrum are evaluated. Incremental dynamic analysis is conducted on a reinforced concrete structure, using engineering demand parameters such as the maximum inter-story drift and floor acceleration to generate fragility curves via a probabilistic seismic demand model. The optimal IMs are identified through a multi-criteria decision-making process, with scores calculated using the entropy weight method to incorporate factors such as efficiency, proficiency, and uncertainty based on information entropy. An effective SR framework is derived from fragility results. The findings indicate that peak ground velocity and spectral IMs are the most effective, while energy-related IMs underestimate SR. The study highlights the importance of optimizing IMs for more accurate seismic resilience assessments. The proposed entropy-based multi-criteria approach is shown to be both reliable and effective for selecting optimal IMs in this context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145814457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.004
Tasnuba Binte Jamal , Samiul Hasan , Ali Mostafavi
Extreme events such as tropical storm, tornado, hurricane cause significant disruptions to infrastructure systems including power, water, transportation, telecommunication services. Faster restoration from power outages is critical since power outages substantially impact various sectors including education, financial transactions, healthcare, and leisure. Thus, it is important to study outage restoration patterns. To develop data-driven models and test its performance on unseen hurricanes, high-resolution data from multiple hurricanes are required. However, such high-resolution power outage data from utility companies are proprietary and not easily accessible to all. Thus, the aim of this study is to demonstrate the use of macroscopic location data available from Facebook for analyzing power outage during hurricanes. First, it shows the association between population activity in Facebook and hurricane-induced power outage using the data for Hurricane Ida at a ZIP Code level. Second, it develops a data-driven model to predict power outage restoration pattern at a ZIP Code level utilizing Facebook data for Hurricanes Ida and Ian. We found that Facebook data can explain 59 % of variance in by power outages at daily level and it can explain 65 % of variance in restoration times from power outages at a ZIP code level. The data-driven model can reliably predict the restoration pattern from power outages (R2=0.816). This study can aid researchers to choose alternative data for power outage analysis and help emergency managers and utility companies gain data-driven insights enhancing their decision-making for an impending hurricane.
{"title":"Predicting the restoration pattern from hurricane-induced power outages from facebook data","authors":"Tasnuba Binte Jamal , Samiul Hasan , Ali Mostafavi","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme events such as tropical storm, tornado, hurricane cause significant disruptions to infrastructure systems including power, water, transportation, telecommunication services. Faster restoration from power outages is critical since power outages substantially impact various sectors including education, financial transactions, healthcare, and leisure. Thus, it is important to study outage restoration patterns. To develop data-driven models and test its performance on unseen hurricanes, high-resolution data from multiple hurricanes are required. However, such high-resolution power outage data from utility companies are proprietary and not easily accessible to all. Thus, the aim of this study is to demonstrate the use of macroscopic location data available from Facebook for analyzing power outage during hurricanes. First, it shows the association between population activity in Facebook and hurricane-induced power outage using the data for Hurricane Ida at a ZIP Code level. Second, it develops a data-driven model to predict power outage restoration pattern at a ZIP Code level utilizing Facebook data for Hurricanes Ida and Ian. We found that Facebook data can explain 59 % of variance in by power outages at daily level and it can explain 65 % of variance in restoration times from power outages at a ZIP code level. The data-driven model can reliably predict the restoration pattern from power outages (R<sup>2</sup>=0.816). This study can aid researchers to choose alternative data for power outage analysis and help emergency managers and utility companies gain data-driven insights enhancing their decision-making for an impending hurricane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.002
Michel Bruneau , Gregory MacRae
Reconstruction of buildings in the Christchurch central business district following the 2011 earthquake has been a massive undertaking that is not yet completed. Interviews have been conducted with representatives of the consulting engineering companies who designed 55 of these buildings from 2017 until 2025 to determine: (i) the building construction materials and structural system types used, and (ii) the drivers for the selection of these systems. The information obtained is compared with a 2017 survey, by the authors, with the same design companies for buildings constructed from 2012 to 2017, as part of the Christchurch rebuild after the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes. It is found that 47 % and 45 % of the buildings constructed had steel and concrete lateral force resisting systems, respectively, with the remainder using timber. In terms of floor space areas, the steel buildings were typically larger and the ratios were 70 % and 24 %, respectively. The most popular structural steel seismic systems were MRFs and BRBFs with 29 % and 20 % of the floor areas, respectively. Gravity systems, when needed, were generally steel. Although slightly different, these numbers are similar in magnitude to those reported in the prior study. However, comparing the factors driving choice of structure systems reported in the previous study, many of the engineers interviewed commented that, as the Canterbury earthquakes became further away in time, fewer of their clients requested resilient designs that would help achieve functionality (e.g., maintain business continuity) following future earthquakes, requesting instead lowest-cost designs. Nonetheless, it is expected that much of the newer construction will provide improvements in seismic performance given that many buildings were designed for significantly higher strength and lower drift than permitted in the standards.
{"title":"The Christchurch post-earthquake reconstruction – Year 14 update","authors":"Michel Bruneau , Gregory MacRae","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconstruction of buildings in the Christchurch central business district following the 2011 earthquake has been a massive undertaking that is not yet completed. Interviews have been conducted with representatives of the consulting engineering companies who designed 55 of these buildings from 2017 until 2025 to determine: (i) the building construction materials and structural system types used, and (ii) the drivers for the selection of these systems. The information obtained is compared with a 2017 survey, by the authors, with the same design companies for buildings constructed from 2012 to 2017, as part of the Christchurch rebuild after the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes. It is found that 47 % and 45 % of the buildings constructed had steel and concrete lateral force resisting systems, respectively, with the remainder using timber. In terms of floor space areas, the steel buildings were typically larger and the ratios were 70 % and 24 %, respectively. The most popular structural steel seismic systems were MRFs and BRBFs with 29 % and 20 % of the floor areas, respectively. Gravity systems, when needed, were generally steel. Although slightly different, these numbers are similar in magnitude to those reported in the prior study. However, comparing the factors driving choice of structure systems reported in the previous study, many of the engineers interviewed commented that, as the Canterbury earthquakes became further away in time, fewer of their clients requested resilient designs that would help achieve functionality (e.g., maintain business continuity) following future earthquakes, requesting instead lowest-cost designs. Nonetheless, it is expected that much of the newer construction will provide improvements in seismic performance given that many buildings were designed for significantly higher strength and lower drift than permitted in the standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 117-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.10.003
Sergio M. Alcocer , Luciano Roberto Fernández-Sola
The September 2017 earthquakes in Mexico, which struck within a twelve-day span and affected regions with vastly different seismic, socioeconomic, and urban characteristics, revealed the multifactorial nature of seismic vulnerability and resilience in the country. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the damage on the built environment, emergency response, recovery and reconstruction efforts, regulatory evolution, and institutional reforms that followed these events. Key topics include the performance of self-built housing and essential infrastructure, the challenges of decentralized building codes and their uneven development and enforcement, the role of civil society, private sector and media in disaster response, and the implementation of the National Reconstruction Program. Advances in seismic code development—particularly the updated Complementary Technical Norms (CTNs) of Mexico City—and the creation of a dedicated standard for the evaluation and rehabilitation of existing buildings are also discussed. The proposed Construction Law for Mexico City, which aims to assign legal responsibility to stakeholders and formalize the regulatory framework, may serve as a legislative model for other regions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of coordination, technical rigor, equity and inclusion in recovery and reconstruction, and public engagement in advancing seismic resilience across diverse urban, semi-urban and rural contexts.
{"title":"Towards urban resilience-based management: the case of Mexico after the 2017 earthquakes","authors":"Sergio M. Alcocer , Luciano Roberto Fernández-Sola","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The September 2017 earthquakes in Mexico, which struck within a twelve-day span and affected regions with vastly different seismic, socioeconomic, and urban characteristics, revealed the multifactorial nature of seismic vulnerability and resilience in the country. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the damage on the built environment, emergency response, recovery and reconstruction efforts, regulatory evolution, and institutional reforms that followed these events. Key topics include the performance of self-built housing and essential infrastructure, the challenges of decentralized building codes and their uneven development and enforcement, the role of civil society, private sector and media in disaster response, and the implementation of the National Reconstruction Program. Advances in seismic code development—particularly the updated Complementary Technical Norms (CTNs) of Mexico City—and the creation of a dedicated standard for the evaluation and rehabilitation of existing buildings are also discussed. The proposed Construction Law for Mexico City, which aims to assign legal responsibility to stakeholders and formalize the regulatory framework, may serve as a legislative model for other regions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of coordination, technical rigor, equity and inclusion in recovery and reconstruction, and public engagement in advancing seismic resilience across diverse urban, semi-urban and rural contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 97-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.003
Muhammad Ali Moriyani , Lemlem Asaye , Chau Le , Trung Le , Harun Pirim , Om Parkash Yadav , Tuyen Le
The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters, exacerbated by global warming, necessitate novel solutions to strengthen the resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems (CISs). Recent research reveals the significant potential of natural language processing (NLP) to analyze unstructured human language during disasters, thereby facilitating the uncovering of disruptions and providing situational awareness supporting various aspects of resilience regarding CISs. Despite this potential, few studies have systematically mapped the global research on NLP applications with respect to supporting various aspects of resilience of CISs. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting a review of current knowledge using the scientometric review technique. Using 231 bibliographic records from the Scopus and Web of Science core collections, we identify five key research areas where researchers have used NLP to support the resilience of CISs during natural disasters, including sentiment analysis, crisis informatics, data and knowledge visualization, disaster impacts, and content analysis. Furthermore, we map the utility of NLP in the identified research focus with respect to four aspects of resilience (i.e., preparedness, absorption, recovery, and adaptability) and present various common techniques used and potential future research directions. This review highlights that NLP has the potential to become a supplementary data source to support the resilience of CISs. The results of this study serve as an introductory-level guide designed to help scholars and practitioners unlock the potential of NLP for strengthening the resilience of CISs against natural disasters.
全球变暖加剧了自然灾害的频率和严重程度的增加，需要新的解决方案来加强关键基础设施系统（CISs）的恢复能力。最近的研究揭示了自然语言处理（NLP）在灾难期间分析非结构化人类语言的巨大潜力，从而促进了中断的发现，并提供了支持有关CISs复原力的各个方面的情景感知。尽管有这种潜力，但很少有研究系统地描绘了全球关于支持社会主义社会弹性各个方面的NLP应用的研究。本文通过使用科学计量复习技术对当前的知识进行复习，为知识体系做出了贡献。利用来自Scopus和Web of Science核心馆藏的231条书目记录，我们确定了五个关键研究领域，研究人员已经使用NLP来支持自然灾害期间CISs的恢复能力，包括情绪分析、危机信息学、数据和知识可视化、灾害影响和内容分析。在此基础上，我们从弹性的准备、吸收、恢复和适应性四个方面对NLP在研究重点中的应用进行了分析，并提出了各种常用技术和潜在的未来研究方向。这篇综述强调，NLP有潜力成为一个补充数据源，以支持CISs的弹性。本研究的结果可以作为一个入门级的指南，旨在帮助学者和实践者释放NLP的潜力，以加强csis对自然灾害的抵御能力。
{"title":"Natural language processing for disaster-resilient infrastructure: Research focus and future opportunities","authors":"Muhammad Ali Moriyani , Lemlem Asaye , Chau Le , Trung Le , Harun Pirim , Om Parkash Yadav , Tuyen Le","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters, exacerbated by global warming, necessitate novel solutions to strengthen the resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems (CISs). Recent research reveals the significant potential of natural language processing (NLP) to analyze unstructured human language during disasters, thereby facilitating the uncovering of disruptions and providing situational awareness supporting various aspects of resilience regarding CISs. Despite this potential, few studies have systematically mapped the global research on NLP applications with respect to supporting various aspects of resilience of CISs. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting a review of current knowledge using the scientometric review technique. Using 231 bibliographic records from the Scopus and Web of Science core collections, we identify five key research areas where researchers have used NLP to support the resilience of CISs during natural disasters, including sentiment analysis, crisis informatics, data and knowledge visualization, disaster impacts, and content analysis. Furthermore, we map the utility of NLP in the identified research focus with respect to four aspects of resilience (i.e., preparedness, absorption, recovery, and adaptability) and present various common techniques used and potential future research directions. This review highlights that NLP has the potential to become a supplementary data source to support the resilience of CISs. The results of this study serve as an introductory-level guide designed to help scholars and practitioners unlock the potential of NLP for strengthening the resilience of CISs against natural disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 47-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metro systems are important transport infrastructures in megacities, and their long-term operational safety is challenged by frequent external disturbances, such as environmental extremes and human construction activities. A metro system must be resilient to resist, adapt to, and recover its performance when such disruptions occur. Current studies on metro system resilience often lack a comprehensive view from a complex system perspective, leading to a plethora of choices for methods of analysis and indicators applied to different metro systems and external disturbances. Therefore, the present paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the topics and works revolving around the resilience of metro systems. It first clarifies the concept of metro system resilience based on classical definitions from a technical perspective. Metro resilience encompasses both the structural and operational aspects of metro systems, including their damage mechanisms, analysis methods and indicators of resilience. Methods for enhancing metro system resilience across structural, operational and monitoring dimensions are explored. Finally, future research directions are discussed, emphasizing the importance of considering the "system of systems" formed by interdependent infrastructure, refining uncertainty analysis, and investigating the opportunities arising from the application of artificial intelligence for improving metro system resilience against external disturbances.
{"title":"Resilience of metro systems subjected to external disturbances: A state-of-the-art review","authors":"Hao Bai , Dong-Ming Zhang , Jian-Min Guo , Yu-Shan Hua , Bilal M. Ayyub , Hong-Wei Huang , Enrico Zio","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metro systems are important transport infrastructures in megacities, and their long-term operational safety is challenged by frequent external disturbances, such as environmental extremes and human construction activities. A metro system must be resilient to resist, adapt to, and recover its performance when such disruptions occur. Current studies on metro system resilience often lack a comprehensive view from a complex system perspective, leading to a plethora of choices for methods of analysis and indicators applied to different metro systems and external disturbances. Therefore, the present paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the topics and works revolving around the resilience of metro systems. It first clarifies the concept of metro system resilience based on classical definitions from a technical perspective. Metro resilience encompasses both the structural and operational aspects of metro systems, including their damage mechanisms, analysis methods and indicators of resilience. Methods for enhancing metro system resilience across structural, operational and monitoring dimensions are explored. Finally, future research directions are discussed, emphasizing the importance of considering the \"system of systems\" formed by interdependent infrastructure, refining uncertainty analysis, and investigating the opportunities arising from the application of artificial intelligence for improving metro system resilience against external disturbances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 72-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.001
Davide Forcellini , Scott McAvoy , Falko Kuester
In the last two decades, seismic resilience (SR) has been developed as a main concept for the assessment of the structural vulnerabilities of buildings and city centres. In particular, historical centers consist of adjacent buildings organized in blocks with common characteristics and similar typologies. The paper proposes a methodology to quantify SR for urban regions, by overcoming the state of the art studies that focus on assessing the SR for singular buildings. In this regard, the presented methodology may calculate the SR of blocks of buildings for the assessment of recovery investments of historical city centers. The main idea is to assess the level of vulnerability by accurate 3D surveys and visual inspections in order to select empirical fragility curves. The proposed methodology was herein applied to the city center of San Marino, designated by UNESCO as a world heritage site.
{"title":"SRB (Seismic Resilience-Based) methodology for historical centers: San Marino case study","authors":"Davide Forcellini , Scott McAvoy , Falko Kuester","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last two decades, seismic resilience (SR) has been developed as a main concept for the assessment of the structural vulnerabilities of buildings and city centres. In particular, historical centers consist of adjacent buildings organized in blocks with common characteristics and similar typologies. The paper proposes a methodology to quantify SR for urban regions, by overcoming the state of the art studies that focus on assessing the SR for singular buildings. In this regard, the presented methodology may calculate the SR of blocks of buildings for the assessment of recovery investments of historical city centers. The main idea is to assess the level of vulnerability by accurate 3D surveys and visual inspections in order to select empirical fragility curves. The proposed methodology was herein applied to the city center of San Marino, designated by UNESCO as a world heritage site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 132-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.004
Georgios Tsampras , Richard Sause
This study numerically investigates the seismic response of a nine-story self-centering concentrically braced frame building incorporating force-limiting connections between the floor system and the lateral force-resisting system. Nonlinear earthquake simulations are conducted under design basis earthquake ground motions, and the results are compared against a baseline model with rigid-elastic connections. The study discusses connection design considerations and evaluates the effectiveness of force-limiting connections in mitigating higher-mode effects. The findings show that force-limiting connections significantly reduce the magnitude and variability of floor accelerations, brace forces, and connection forces, while maintaining comparable story drifts. Force-limiting connections primarily reduce the contribution of higher-mode responses, while the controlled rocking base mechanism modifies the first-mode response. Overall, the reduced dispersion in structural response improves the reliability of seismic design and enhances resilience by minimizing damage to both structural components and acceleration-sensitive nonstructural elements.
{"title":"Reducing the magnitude and variability of seismic-induced acceleration and force responses in steel buildings with controlled rocking base mechanism and force-limiting connections","authors":"Georgios Tsampras , Richard Sause","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study numerically investigates the seismic response of a nine-story self-centering concentrically braced frame building incorporating force-limiting connections between the floor system and the lateral force-resisting system. Nonlinear earthquake simulations are conducted under design basis earthquake ground motions, and the results are compared against a baseline model with rigid-elastic connections. The study discusses connection design considerations and evaluates the effectiveness of force-limiting connections in mitigating higher-mode effects. The findings show that force-limiting connections significantly reduce the magnitude and variability of floor accelerations, brace forces, and connection forces, while maintaining comparable story drifts. Force-limiting connections primarily reduce the contribution of higher-mode responses, while the controlled rocking base mechanism modifies the first-mode response. Overall, the reduced dispersion in structural response improves the reliability of seismic design and enhances resilience by minimizing damage to both structural components and acceleration-sensitive nonstructural elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 143-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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