Resilient Cities and Structures最新文献_第3页

Digital twin-based structural health monitoring and measurements of dynamic characteristics in balanced cantilever bridge 基于数字孪生的平衡悬臂桥结构健康监测与动力特性测量

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.08.001

Tidarut Jirawattanasomkul , Le Hang , Supasit Srivaranun , Suched Likitlersuang , Pitcha Jongvivatsakul , Wanchai Yodsudjai , Punchet Thammarak

This study developed a digital twin (DT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) system for a balanced cantilever bridge, utilizing advanced measurement techniques to enhance accuracy. Vibration and dynamic strain measurements were obtained using accelerometers and piezo-resistive strain gauges, capturing low-magnitude dynamic strains during operational vibrations. 3D-LiDAR scanning and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests captured the bridge's as-is geometry and modulus of elasticity. The resulting detailed 3D point cloud model revealed the structure's true state and highlighted discrepancies between the as-designed and as-built conditions. Dynamic properties, including modal frequencies and shapes, were extracted from the strain and acceleration measurements, providing critical insights into the bridge's structural behavior. The neutral axis depth, indicating stress distribution and potential damage, was accurately determined. Good agreement between vibration measurement data and the as-is model results validated the reliability of the digital twin model. Dynamic strain patterns and neutral axis parameters showed strong correlation with model predictions, serving as sensitive indicators of local damage. The baseline digital twin model and measurement results establish a foundation for future bridge inspections and investigations. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining digital twin technology with field measurements for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, ensuring the sustainability and safety of the bridge infrastructure, thereby enhancing its overall resilience to operational and environmental stressors.

本研究利用先进的测量技术，为平衡悬臂桥开发了数字孪生（DT）和结构健康监测（SHM）系统，以提高精度。使用加速度计和压阻应变计获得振动和动态应变测量，捕获操作振动期间的低量级动态应变。3D-LiDAR扫描和超声波脉冲速度（UPV）测试捕获了桥梁的原始几何形状和弹性模量。由此产生的详细的3D点云模型揭示了结构的真实状态，并突出了设计和建造条件之间的差异。从应变和加速度测量中提取了包括模态频率和形状在内的动态特性，为桥梁的结构行为提供了关键的见解。中性轴深度，表明应力分布和潜在的损伤，被准确地确定。振动测量数据与模型结果吻合良好，验证了数字孪生模型的可靠性。动态应变图和中性轴参数与模型预测结果有较强的相关性，是局部损伤的敏感指标。基线数字孪生模型和测量结果为未来的桥梁检查和调查奠定了基础。该研究证明了将数字孪生技术与现场测量相结合进行实时监测和预测性维护的有效性，确保了桥梁基础设施的可持续性和安全性，从而增强了其对运营和环境压力因素的整体弹性。

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引用次数: 0

Resilience framework for seaport infrastructure under extreme wind 港口基础设施在极端风条件下的弹性框架

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.09.001

A. Balbi , O. Kammouh , G.P. Cimellaro , M.P. Repetto

The efficient transportation of goods is vital for the economic growth of communities, making developing and maintaining seaport infrastructure an essential component of the marine transportation system. Given their geographic locations, ports are consistently at risk from natural hazards, making the resilience of port infrastructure an essential goal.

Despite considerable progress in resilience research, there remains a gap in methods tailored explicitly to assessing port resilience, particularly under extreme wind events. Current approaches often do not capture the full complexity of port systems, as they tend to focus on isolated aspects, such as structural resilience.

This paper introduces the PORT Resilience Framework, addressing these gaps by evaluating resilience through a comprehensive list of indicators gathered from various legitimate sources. The indicators are then organized under four comprehensive resilience dimensions: Physical Infrastructure, ICT (i.e., Information and Communication Technology) and Equipment; Organization and Business Management; Resources and Economic Development; and Territory, Environment, and Stakeholders. This classification is summarized under the acronym "PORT."

This paper also introduces a method for aggregating resilience indicators by considering their performance before and after a specific hazard, transforming the data into a quantifiable Loss of Resilience index. The approach is applied to a case study, assessing the resilience of a real Terminal against wind action using real data sourced from the port management.

The case study analysis revealed that human resources and quay operations were the most critical factors affecting recovery, with insufficient staffing leading to prolonged recovery periods. The study further demonstrated that post-disruption activity surges, captured by different serviceability function methodologies, often created operational bottlenecks, challenging the port's overall recovery.

货物的有效运输对社区的经济增长至关重要，使发展和维持海港基础设施成为海洋运输系统的重要组成部分。鉴于其地理位置，港口始终面临自然灾害的风险，因此港口基础设施的复原力是一个重要目标。尽管弹性研究取得了相当大的进展，但在明确评估港口弹性的方法上仍然存在差距，特别是在极端风事件下。目前的方法往往不能捕捉到港口系统的全部复杂性，因为它们往往侧重于孤立的方面，例如结构弹性。本文介绍了港口弹性框架，通过从各种合法来源收集的综合指标清单评估弹性，解决了这些差距。然后将指标按四个综合复原力维度进行组织：物理基础设施、ICT（即信息和通信技术）和设备；组织与企业管理；资源与经济发展；领土、环境和利益相关者。这种分类概括为首字母缩略词“PORT”。本文还介绍了一种综合考虑灾害发生前后弹性指标表现的方法，将数据转化为可量化的“弹性损失指数”。该方法被应用到一个案例研究中，使用来自港口管理的真实数据来评估一个真实码头对风力作用的恢复能力。案例分析显示，人力资源和码头操作是影响恢复的最关键因素，人手不足导致恢复周期延长。该研究进一步表明，通过不同的可服务性功能方法捕获的中断后活动激增通常会造成运营瓶颈，挑战港口的整体恢复。

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引用次数: 0

Macroeconomic models for predicting indirect impacts of disasters: A review 预测灾害间接影响的宏观经济模型：综述

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.003

Tinger Zhu , Charalampos Avraam , Jack W. Baker

Interdependencies between critical infrastructures and the economy amplify the effects of damage caused by disasters. The growing interest in impacts beyond physical damage and community resilience has spurred a surge in literature on economic modeling methodologies for estimating indirect economic impacts of disasters and the recovery of economic activity over time. In this review, we present a framework for categorizing modeling approaches that assess indirect economic impacts across natural hazards and anthropogenic disasters such as cyber attacks. We first conduct a comparative analysis of macroeconomic models, focusing on the approaches capturing sectoral interdependencies. These include the Leontief Input-Output (I/O) model, the Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM), the Dynamic Inoperability Input-Output Model (DIIM), the Adaptive Regional Input-Output (ARIO) model, and the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and its extensions. We evaluate their applicability to disaster scenarios based on input data availability, the compatibility of model assumptions, and output capabilities. We also reveal the functional relationships of input data and output metrics across economic modeling approaches for inter-sectoral impacts. Furthermore, we examine how the damage mechanisms posed by different types of disasters translate into model inputs and impact modeling processes. This synthesis provides guidance for researchers and practitioners in selecting and configuring models based on specific disaster scenarios. It also identifies the gaps in the literature, including the need for a deeper understanding of model performance reliability, key drivers of economic outcomes in different disaster contexts, and the disparities in modeling approach applications across various hazard types.

关键基础设施与经济之间的相互依存关系扩大了灾害造成的破坏的影响。人们对自然灾害和社区恢复力以外的影响越来越感兴趣，这促使有关经济建模方法的文献激增，这些方法用于估计灾害的间接经济影响和随着时间的推移恢复经济活动。在这篇综述中，我们提出了一个分类建模方法的框架，用于评估自然灾害和人为灾害（如网络攻击）对经济的间接影响。我们首先对宏观经济模型进行比较分析，重点关注捕捉部门相互依赖性的方法。这些模型包括Leontief输入输出（I/O）模型、不可操作输入输出模型（IIM）、动态不可操作输入输出模型（DIIM）、自适应区域输入输出（ARIO）模型和可计算一般均衡（CGE）模型及其扩展。我们根据输入数据的可用性、模型假设的兼容性和输出能力来评估它们对灾难场景的适用性。我们还揭示了跨经济建模方法对部门间影响的投入数据和产出指标的函数关系。此外，我们研究了不同类型灾害造成的损害机制如何转化为模型输入和影响建模过程。这种综合为研究人员和实践者在选择和配置基于特定灾难场景的模型方面提供了指导。它还指出了文献中的差距，包括需要更深入地了解模型性能可靠性，不同灾害背景下经济结果的关键驱动因素，以及不同灾害类型中建模方法应用的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of building recovery functions for local and global resilience assessment to tsunamis 评估建筑恢复功能，以评估当地和全球对海啸的复原力

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.10.001

Sabarethinam Kameshwar , Davide Forcellini , Andre R. Barbosa

Resilience of residential buildings depends on the recovery process that follows the impact of natural hazards, such as tsunamis. In particular, the historical database from tsunamis that occurred in different Countries (Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia, and Japan) have been considered. This study proposes a selection of the best-fitting models to assess the recovery process of tsunamis to derive a framework for resilience at geographical scales. Since the damage depends on the vulnerability of the buildings, several typologies have been considered. In addition, aggregations of different damage sources have been considered to propose comprehensive relationships. The definition of best-fitting recovery functions for different countries has been discussed to implement them in advanced platforms and calculate the resilience to tsunamis.

住宅建筑的恢复能力取决于自然灾害（如海啸）影响后的恢复过程。特别是考虑了发生在不同国家（斯里兰卡、泰国、印度尼西亚和日本）的海啸的历史数据库。本研究建议选择最适合的模型来评估海啸的恢复过程，从而得出地理尺度上的恢复力框架。由于破坏取决于建筑物的脆弱性，因此考虑了几种类型。此外，还考虑了不同损伤源的聚集，提出了全面的关系。讨论了不同国家的最佳拟合恢复函数的定义，以便在先进的平台上实施，并计算对海啸的恢复力。

引用次数: 0

Estimation of seismic downtime for building retrofitting decision-making 建筑改造决策中的地震停机时间估算

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.07.001

Mucedero G , Couto R , Yükselen B , Monteiro R

Recent research demonstrates the need for comprehensive frameworks to achieve an appropriate level of resilience (e.g., energy, seismic) of the European building stock, through integrated retrofitting interventions. Different frameworks have been proposed to identify optimal interventions when several feasible alternatives are available, considering multiple decision variables of different nature, such as social, economic, or technical. Within these efforts and frameworks, less attention has been paid to the post-earthquake recovery time of buildings and communities, thus ignoring the significance of reaching a desired recovery state (e.g., functional recovery) within a specified time frame. To overcome this limitation, this study estimates post-earthquake recovery times and uses them as one of the decision variables in multi-criteria identification of optimal retrofitting of an existing RC building. The case-study building is representative of the Italian school buildings constructed between the 1960s and 1970s and was analysed under two seismic hazard levels (moderate and high). Following the identification of the main structural deficiencies of the as-built structure through nonlinear static analyses, four seismic retrofit measures were selected. Then, the earthquake-induced downtime of each of the four retrofitted building configurations was assessed, analysing the different recovery times as a function of the seismic hazard level and the recovery state. A downtime-based metric, namely the expected annual downtime, was introduced as decision variable within an available multi-criteria decision-making framework to include the impact of downtime, rank the four retrofit measures and identify the preferable one.

最近的研究表明，需要一个全面的框架，通过综合改造干预措施，使欧洲建筑达到适当的弹性水平（例如，能源、地震）。考虑到不同性质的多个决策变量，如社会、经济或技术，在几种可行的替代方案可用时，提出了不同的框架来确定最佳干预措施。在这些努力和框架中，很少关注建筑物和社区的震后恢复时间，从而忽略了在规定的时间框架内达到预期的恢复状态（例如，功能恢复）的重要性。为了克服这一限制，本研究估计了震后恢复时间，并将其作为现有RC建筑最佳改造的多准则识别中的决策变量之一。案例研究建筑是20世纪60年代至70年代建造的意大利学校建筑的代表，并在两个地震危险级别（中等和高）下进行了分析。在通过非线性静力分析确定了建成结构的主要结构缺陷后，选择了四种抗震加固措施。然后，评估了四种改造后的建筑结构的地震停机时间，分析了不同的恢复时间作为地震危险等级和恢复状态的函数。在可用的多标准决策框架中，引入了基于停机时间的度量，即预期的年度停机时间，作为决策变量，以包括停机时间的影响，对四种改造措施进行排序，并确定优选方案。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated flood risk management for urban resilience: A multi-method framework combining hazard mapping, hydrodynamic modelling, and economic impact assessment 城市抗灾能力的综合洪水风险管理：综合灾害制图、水动力建模和经济影响评估的多方法框架

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.09.002

Paboda Jayawardane , Lalith Rajapakse , Chandana Siriwardana

Flooding has become an emerging global catastrophe, generating considerable damage to both infrastructures and lives. Despite the critical need for quantitative assessments of both flood damage and the effectiveness of flood mitigation measures, most existing studies have focused on isolated aspects of flood risk. Only a very limited number of studies have comprehensively integrated hazard mapping, hydrodynamic simulations, and economic damage estimations to evaluate the real-world impact and effectiveness of flood mitigation measures (FMMs). This study presents a multi-method approach to evaluate the performance of such established structural FMMs. Initially, hazard assessments for two selected case study areas, the Colombo Metropolitan Area in Sri Lanka and Auckland, New Zealand, two flood-prone cities with contrasting geographical contexts. Flood inundation mapping for the Madiwela South Diversion, Colombo, Sri Lanka, was performed using hydrodynamic modeling to demonstrate the reduction in flood inundation area and depth after the implementation of the measure, considering six (6) design return periods (RPs). Subsequently, tangible and intangible property damage estimations for “without FMMs” and “with FMMs” were evaluated to identify the benefit of responding to flood conditions, utilising a vulnerability-based economic analysis. In addition to damage estimations, the study adopts a novel approach by conducting an investment viability analysis to find the Benefit-to-Cost ratios and Net Present Value of nine (9) selected FMMs implemented by Sri Lanka Land Development Co-operation (SLLDC). The FMMs implemented by SLLDC were selected from Colombo, Sri Lanka. The quantified damage estimates revealed a reduction in flood damages ranging from 39 % to 63 %, alongside a decrease in flood inundation depths between 9 % and 12 %, and the results underscore the significant effectiveness of FMMs in managing urban flooding and minimising its impacts. This cross-disciplinary methodology enables a transferable framework for resilience-oriented urban planning in diverse hydrological and geographical contexts.

洪水已成为一种新兴的全球性灾难，对基础设施和生命造成了相当大的破坏。尽管迫切需要对洪水损害和洪水缓解措施的有效性进行定量评估，但大多数现有研究都侧重于洪水风险的孤立方面。只有非常有限的研究综合了灾害制图、水动力模拟和经济损失估计，以评估洪水缓解措施（fmm）的实际影响和有效性。本研究提出了一种多方法的方法来评估这种已建立的结构fmm的性能。最初，对两个选定的案例研究区域进行危害评估，斯里兰卡的科伦坡大都市区和新西兰的奥克兰，这两个地理环境截然不同的洪水易发城市。对斯里兰卡科伦坡的Madiwela南水北调进行了洪水淹没测绘，利用水动力模型来证明在考虑6个设计重现期（rp）的情况下，实施该措施后洪水淹没面积和深度的减少。随后，利用基于脆弱性的经济分析，对“无fmm”和“有fmm”的有形和无形财产损失进行评估，以确定应对洪水条件的效益。除了损害估计外，本研究还采用了一种新颖的方法，通过进行投资可行性分析，找到斯里兰卡土地开发合作公司（SLLDC）实施的九(9)个选定的fmm的效益成本比和净现值。SLLDC实施的fmm选择来自斯里兰卡科伦坡。量化的损失估计显示，洪水损失减少了39%至63%，洪水淹没深度减少了9%至12%，结果强调了fmm在管理城市洪水和最小化其影响方面的显着有效性。这种跨学科的方法为在不同的水文和地理环境下以复原力为导向的城市规划提供了一个可转移的框架。

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引用次数: 0

An innovative connection system for platform-type mass timber buildings 平台式大规模木结构建筑的创新连接系统

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.004

Rajnil Lal, Ashkan Hashemi, Pierre Quenneville

Platform-style construction is a widely recognized and well-established approach among engineers and developers for multi-story mass timber buildings. This construction method offers many advantages, such as rapid assembly, an excellent strength-to-weight ratio, and appealing aesthetic features. In a platform-type construction, each story is constructed by placing the floor panels on top of the load-bearing wall, creating a platform for the level above. Although this method offers numerous advantages, recent research findings have revealed that cross-laminated (CLT) platform buildings with conventional connections, such as wall-to-floor hold-down brackets and shear connectors with nails and screws, are prone to experience a high degree of damage under design-level earthquakes. Consequently, conventional connections in platform-type construction are vulnerable to more damage under aftershocks and do not meet the damage avoidance requirements of seismic design. This paper introduces an innovative floor-to-wall connection for a platform-type low-rise mass timber building that mitigates the limitations of conventional connections. The effectiveness of the proposed connection has been investigated, and the seismic performance of the system, which incorporates the proposed connection, has been outlined in this paper. A numerical model with an innovative inter-story isolation system is developed in ETABS, and the seismic performance of the isolated structure was evaluated using Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) and Nonlinear Time History Analysis (NLTHA). This study revealed that inter-story isolation systems significantly reduced the seismic demands on the mass timber components, demonstrating the system's ability to dissipate seismic energy. Additionally, the system displayed effective energy dissipation while exhibiting self-centering behaviour.

平台式结构是工程师和开发商广泛认可和建立的多层木结构建筑方法。这种构造方法具有许多优点，如快速组装、优异的强度重量比和吸引人的美学特征。在平台型建筑中，每一层都是通过将地板放置在承重墙的顶部来构建的，为上面的楼层创造了一个平台。虽然这种方法有许多优点，但最近的研究结果表明，采用传统连接方式的交叉层压（CLT）平台建筑，如墙到楼的固定支架和带有钉子和螺钉的剪切连接器，在设计级地震下容易遭受高度破坏。因此，在余震作用下，平台式结构的常规连接结构更容易受到破坏，不能满足抗震设计的避震要求。本文介绍了一种创新的平台型低质量木结构建筑的地板到墙壁的连接方式，减轻了传统连接方式的局限性。本文对所建议连接的有效性进行了研究，并概述了采用所建议连接的系统的抗震性能。在ETABS中建立了具有创新性的层间隔震系统的数值模型，并利用反应谱分析（RSA）和非线性时程分析（NLTHA）对隔震结构的抗震性能进行了评价。该研究表明，层间隔离系统显著降低了对大量木材构件的地震需求，证明了该系统具有耗散地震能量的能力。此外，系统在表现自定心特性的同时，也表现出有效的能量耗散。

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引用次数: 0

Life-cycle thinking and performance-based design of bridges: A state-of-the-art review 生命周期思维和基于性能的桥梁设计：最新研究综述

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.003

Alaa Al Hawarneh , M. Shahria Alam , Rajeev Ruparathna , Stavroula J. Pantazopoulou

Given the growing emphasis on life-cycle analysis in bridge design, the design community is transitioning from the concept of performance-based design in structural engineering to a performance-based design approach within a life-cycle context. This approach considers various indicators, including cost, environmental impact, and societal factors when designing bridges. This shift enables a comprehensive assessment of structural resilience by examining the bridge's ability to endure various hazards throughout its lifespan. This study provides a comprehensive review of two key research domains that have emerged in the field of bridge life-cycle analysis, namely life-cycle sustainability (LCS) and life-cycle performance (LCP). The discussion on the LCS of bridges encompasses both assessment-based and optimization-based studies, while the exploration of LCP focuses on research examining structures subjected to deterioration over their service life due to deprecating phenomena such as corrosion and relative humidity changes, as well as extreme hazards like earthquakes and floods. Moreover, this study discusses the integration between LCS and LCP, highlighting how combined consideration of these factors can minimize damage costs, improve resiliency, and extend the lifespan of the structure. A detailed evaluation encompasses various life-cycle metrics, structural performance indicators, time-dependent modelling techniques, and analysis methods proposed in the literature. Additionally, the research identifies critical gaps and trends in life-cycle analysis within the realm of bridge engineering, providing a concise yet thorough overview for advancing considerations in the life-cycle design of bridges.

鉴于在桥梁设计中越来越强调生命周期分析，设计界正在从结构工程中的基于性能的设计概念过渡到基于寿命周期的设计方法。这种方法在设计桥梁时考虑了各种指标，包括成本、环境影响和社会因素。这种转变可以通过检查桥梁在其整个使用寿命中承受各种危险的能力来全面评估结构弹性。本研究对桥梁全生命周期分析中出现的两个关键研究领域，即全生命周期可持续性（LCS）和全生命周期性能（LCP）进行了全面综述。关于桥梁LCS的讨论包括基于评估和基于优化的研究，而LCP的探索侧重于研究结构在其使用寿命期间由于腐蚀和相对湿度变化等不良现象以及地震和洪水等极端灾害而恶化的研究。此外，本研究还讨论了LCS和LCP之间的整合，强调了如何将这些因素结合起来考虑，从而最大限度地降低损伤成本，提高弹性，延长结构的寿命。详细的评估包括各种生命周期指标、结构性能指标、时间相关建模技术和文献中提出的分析方法。此外，该研究确定了桥梁工程领域生命周期分析的关键差距和趋势，为推进桥梁生命周期设计的考虑提供了简明而全面的概述。

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引用次数: 0

Spurious learning and bouncing back: Resilience and simulation modelling applied to the COVID-19 pandemic 虚假学习和反弹：应用于COVID-19大流行的弹性和模拟模型

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.002

Ashraf Labib

This paper aims to provide a window opportunity to share a reflection and learning from different countries and from other disciplines with the focus on resilience. There is also an attempt to theorize the concept of learning from spurious success and failure in the context of COVID-19. The main emphasis is to provide understanding of the causal factors and the identification of improved measures and modelling approaches to prevent and mitigate against future pandemics. Proposed decision tools of resilience and bowtie modelling as enablers for decision makers to prevent hazards and protect against their consequences.

本文旨在提供一个窗口机会，分享来自不同国家和其他学科的反思和学习，重点关注弹性。还有人试图在新冠疫情背景下，将“从虚假的成功和失败中学习”的概念理论化。主要重点是提供对因果因素的了解，并确定预防和减轻未来流行病的改进措施和建模方法。建议决策工具的弹性和领结模型，使决策者能够防止危害和防止其后果。

引用次数: 0

Case study of flood risk and vulnerability in the city of Atlanta – A social, economic, technical, and institutional perspective 亚特兰大市洪水风险和脆弱性案例研究——从社会、经济、技术和制度的角度

Resilient Cities and Structures

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.002

Prerna Singh , Adjo Amekudzi-Kennedy , Baabak Ashuri , Ty Parrillo , Derek Rizzi , Russell Clark , Brian Woodall , Heejun Chang

The negative impacts of natural hazards on communities at all scales have been increasing. Floods comprise one such natural hazard that has emerged as one of the most destructive in the US and worldwide. While a lot of damage is estimated in terms of the cost of rebuilding infrastructure and direct loss of economy, the negative impacts of such disruptions go beyond the physical infrastructure. The impact on (and of) the social and institutional framework is rarely examined in conjunction with the physical and technical aspects. This paper examines flood vulnerability and risk of a community at an intersection of social, ecological, technical, and intuitional perspectives, and presents a framework for a holistic flood vulnerability and risk assessment that has a strong foundation in all four aspects of a resilient community. The study builds on the existing risk, vulnerability, and hazard assessment approaches, and refines them with a holistic perspective. The study uses a mixed method approach with qualitative and quantitative methodologies to assess flood occurrence probabilities, vulnerability, and risk from the social, ecological, technical, and institutional perspectives. A case study of the City of Atlanta is conducted using the framework to assess the overall vulnerability and risk of the city. The results of this analysis show that the regions that have the highest probability of flood hazard occurrence also appear to have the highest social, ecological, and technical vulnerabilities in the Atlanta area. While the results are intuitive, the applications support a focus on holistic resilience building across these four criteria. This study is potentially useful to practitioners, researchers, government agencies, and community organizations working to mitigate flood risk particularly as this risk continues to evolve with the changing climate.

自然灾害对各种规模的社区造成的负面影响与日俱增。洪水就是这样一种自然灾害，它已成为美国乃至全世界最具破坏性的灾害之一。虽然从重建基础设施的成本和直接经济损失的角度来看，洪水造成的破坏是巨大的，但其负面影响却超出了有形基础设施的范围。对社会和制度框架的影响（以及社会和制度框架的影响）很少与物质和技术方面结合起来研究。本文从社会、生态、技术和直觉的角度，对一个社区的洪水脆弱性和风险进行了研究，并提出了一个整体洪水脆弱性和风险评估框架，该框架在抗灾社区的所有四个方面都有坚实的基础。该研究以现有的风险、脆弱性和灾害评估方法为基础，并从整体角度对其进行了完善。该研究采用定性和定量相结合的方法，从社会、生态、技术和制度角度评估洪水发生概率、脆弱性和风险。利用该框架对亚特兰大市进行了案例研究，以评估该市的整体脆弱性和风险。分析结果表明，在亚特兰大地区，洪水灾害发生概率最高的地区似乎也是社会、生态和技术脆弱性最高的地区。虽然结果很直观，但应用支持将重点放在这四个标准的整体复原力建设上。这项研究可能对致力于降低洪水风险的从业人员、研究人员、政府机构和社区组织有所帮助，尤其是在洪水风险随着气候变化而不断演变的情况下。

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引用次数: 0