Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment最新文献_第8页

Highlighting phytoconstituents of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds as multi-targeted inhibitors of common cancer receptors and subsequently optimizing its sequential extraction to develop an oral nutraceutical 强调葫芦巴种子的植物成分是常见癌症受体的多靶点抑制剂，并随后优化其顺序提取以开发口服营养保健品

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100252

Tathagata Adhikary, Garima Tripathi, Avik Majumdar, Piyali Basak

Traditional knowledge on the medicinal properties of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) is being revisited in recent studies to provide supporting scientific data and explore its diverse bioactivities. Gathering data from different phytochemical-related databases and chromatographic studies, we have summarized 112 compounds to be present in the fenugreek seeds. Based on the prediction of chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET properties), 72 phytochemicals are considered as probable therapeutic agents, and molecular docking with 10 cancer targets is performed to highlight the ligands that can exhibit multitarget activity. The docking results indicate a majority of the saponins and few flavonoids as the hit molecules. Subsequently, ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction of the seeds is done using different solvents (relative polarity varying from 0.726 to 0.009) with the objective of maximizing the saponin and flavonoid content in the crude extract. Estimating the antioxidant potential, total phenol, flavonoid, and saponin content of each extract, methanol is reported to be the desired extracting solvent with the highest values in yield percentage of bioactive contents. The results presented in this work necessitate further in vitro and in vivo evaluations to perform hit-to-lead optimization and take a step forward toward discovering multitargeted cancer-preventive drugs with minimal side effects. Subsequently, fenugreek seed mucilage is sequentially extracted from the residue/marc left after methanolic extraction. The formulated tablets, prepared using the wet granulation method, contain 36 % fenugreek seed extract and 44 % mucilage content. The study highlights the use of fenugreek seed mucilage as an excipient to develop tablets with an acceptable range (of the Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) limits) of hardness, friability, weight uniformity, and drug-excipient compatibility.

在最近的研究中，人们对葫芦巴药用特性的传统认识进行了重新审视，以提供支持的科学数据并探索其多种生物活性。从不同的植物化学相关数据库和色谱研究中，我们总结了胡芦巴种子中存在的112种化合物。基于对化学物质的吸收、分布、代谢、排泄和毒性（ADMET特性）的预测，72种植物化学物质被认为是可能的治疗剂，并与10个癌症靶点进行了分子对接，以突出能够表现出多靶点活性的配体。对接结果表明，大部分皂苷和少量黄酮类化合物是命中分子。随后，使用不同的溶剂（相对极性从0.726到0.009不等）对种子进行超声辅助溶剂提取，目的是最大限度地提高粗提取物中皂苷和类黄酮的含量。对每一种提取物的抗氧化潜力、总酚、黄酮类化合物和皂苷含量进行了估算，结果表明，甲醇是最理想的提取溶剂，其生物活性成分的产率最高。这项工作的结果需要进一步的体外和体内评估，以进行hit-to-lead优化，并朝着发现副作用最小的多靶点癌症预防药物迈出一步。随后，从甲醇提取后的残渣/marc中依次提取葫芦巴籽粘液。采用湿造粒法制备的配方片剂含有36% %胡芦巴籽提取物和44% %粘液含量。该研究强调使用胡芦巴籽粘液作为赋形剂来开发具有可接受范围（印度药典（IP）限制）的硬度，脆性，重量均匀性和药物赋形剂相容性的片剂。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetics and characterization of Gmelina arborea biolubricant via two-step transesterification 两步酯交换反应制备小木香生物润滑剂的动力学与表征

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100240

M. Hadiza , S. Bilal , S.T. Al-Humairi , O. A Olanrewaju , A. Aliyu

The increasing focus on environmental sustainability and the transition to renewable resources have driven interest in bio-based lubricants. Nonedible oils, such as those derived from Gmelina arborea seeds, present a viable alternative to conventional petroleum-based biolubricants. This study investigates the production and characterization of biolubricants from Gmelina arborea seed oil using a two-step process. Initially, the oil was transesterified with methanol to produce biodiesel, followed by esterification with trimethylolpropane (TMP) to obtain the final biolubricant. The optimized process yielded a maximum conversion of 91.7 % within 120 minutes, adhering to second-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.001 wt/wt/min and an activation energy of 6.84 kJ/mol. Compositional analysis revealed a predominance of tri-esters (83.65 %) and esters (16.35 %). The oxidative stability of the resulting biolubricant meets the EN 14214 standards, while its viscosity characteristics align with ISO VG32 and VG46, with potential for VG68 after minor modification.

对环境可持续性的日益关注和向可再生资源的过渡推动了人们对生物基润滑油的兴趣。非食用油脂，如从小木犀草种子中提取的油脂，是传统石油基生物润滑剂的可行替代品。本研究采用两步法研究了从小木香籽油中提取生物润滑剂的工艺。首先，油与甲醇酯交换生成生物柴油，然后与三甲基丙烷（TMP）酯化生成最终的生物润滑剂。优化后的工艺在120 min内转化率为91.7 %，符合二级动力学，速率常数为0.001 wt/wt/min，活化能为6.84 kJ/mol。组成分析显示，三酯（83.65 %）和酯（16.35 %）占优势。所得生物润滑剂的氧化稳定性符合EN 14214标准，而其粘度特性符合ISO VG32和VG46，经过少量改性后可能达到VG68。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of carbon felt thickness and de-bundled felt fibers on dye adsorption: The external surface matters 碳毡厚度和脱捆毡纤维对染料吸附的影响：外表面重要

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100254

Batuhan Mulla , Kyriacos Ioannou , Ioannis Ioannidis , Ioannis Pashalidis , Nikolaos Kostoglou , Claus Rebholz

Adsorption onto carbon-based materials has emerged as a prominent method for removing contaminants from aqueous solutions, gaining notable attention recently. In this study, two activated carbon (AC) felt materials, with very similar Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface areas (∼1850 m²/g) but different thickness (2 mm and 3 mm), were oxidized using concentrated nitric acid to modify their surface properties and thus further improve their adsorption capacity towards crystal violet (CV) dye. The oxidation process caused a notable decline in BET surface area (∼550 m²/g) and pore volume, coupled with a modest rise in average pore size. Batch adsorption tests were conducted to assess the CV adsorption efficiency of oxidized AC felt materials, both in their original form and as de-bundled fibers. Evaluation of the adsorption performance in groundwater and seawater solutions was also carried out. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic, and primarily driven by entropy. Results from kinetic experiments revealed that the thinner felt shows better performance compared to the thicker counterpart, removing ∼70 % and ∼20 % of the CV dye after 10 min, respectively. However, the de-bundled fibers from the thinner and thicker felt materials display much higher uptakes, specifically ∼95 % and ∼45 % after 10 min, respectively, confirming that the external available surface area matters most in kinetic studies.

碳基材料吸附已成为去除水溶液中污染物的一种重要方法，近年来受到广泛关注。在这项研究中，两种活性炭（AC）毛毡材料具有非常相似的Brunauer-Emmet-Teller （BET）表面积（~ 1850 m2/g），但厚度不同（2 mm和3 mm），使用浓硝酸氧化以改变其表面性能，从而进一步提高其对结晶紫（CV）染料的吸附能力。氧化过程导致BET表面积（~ 550 m2/g）和孔隙体积显著下降，同时平均孔径略有增加。进行了批量吸附试验，以评估氧化交流毛毡材料的CV吸附效率，包括原始形式和脱束纤维。并对其在地下水和海水溶液中的吸附性能进行了评价。热力学分析表明，吸附过程是自发的，吸热的，主要由熵驱动。动力学实验结果表明，较薄的毛毡比较厚的毛毡表现出更好的性能，在10 min后分别去除~ 70 %和~ 20 %的CV染料。然而，从较薄和较厚的毛毡材料中分离出来的纤维显示出更高的吸收量，在10 分钟后分别为~ 95 %和~ 45 %，证实了外部可用表面积在动力学研究中最重要。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing biomass valorization with zeolite catalysts: Focus on oxidative transformations 沸石催化剂促进生物质增值：聚焦于氧化转化

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100249

Foteini Zormpa , Philipp Treu , Erisa Saraçi

The catalytic upgrading of biomass into high-value platform chemicals offers a promising alternative to conventional fossil-based processes, driven by the need for safer, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient technologies. Zeolites, with their unique structural properties, high surface area, and tunable active sites, are widely used in biomass conversion processes. Metal-modified zeolites, engineered with specific functionalities, exhibit exceptional catalytic activity in key reactions such as glucose isomerization, HMF hydrogenation, fatty acid esterification, and hydrodeoxygenation of phenolics and vegetable oils. This review focuses on the role of zeolites in oxidative biomass transformations, emphasizing their effectiveness in a range of reactions, including functional group oxidation, CC epoxidation, and C-C bond cleavage. We examine the critical features of zeolites -such as porosity, acidity, and metal incorporation- that influence their catalytic performance, especially in terms of selectivity and diffusion limitations. Special attention is given to the oxidative conversion of bio-derived molecules like glucose, HMF and fatty acids into bio-derived acids and epoxides through sustainable, "green" routes. The review concludes by addressing current challenges and exploring future directions for optimizing zeolite-based catalysts for biomass oxidative transformations and the broader bio-based chemical industry.

将生物质催化升级为高价值的平台化学品，为传统的化石工艺提供了一个前景广阔的替代方案，因为人们需要更安全、更环保、更节能的技术。沸石具有独特的结构特性、高比表面积和可调节的活性位点，被广泛应用于生物质转化过程。具有特殊功能的金属改性沸石在葡萄糖异构化、HMF 加氢、脂肪酸酯化以及酚类和植物油的加氢脱氧等关键反应中表现出卓越的催化活性。本综述重点介绍沸石在生物质氧化转化中的作用，强调沸石在官能团氧化、CC 环氧化和 C-C 键裂解等一系列反应中的有效性。我们研究了沸石的关键特征，如多孔性、酸性和金属结合，这些特征影响着沸石的催化性能，特别是在选择性和扩散限制方面。文章特别关注了通过可持续的 "绿色 "路线将葡萄糖、HMF 和脂肪酸等生物衍生分子氧化转化为生物衍生酸和环氧化物的过程。综述最后讨论了当前面临的挑战，并探讨了优化沸石基催化剂用于生物质氧化转化和更广泛的生物基化学工业的未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols on Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts with hierarchical porosity 分级孔隙率Fe-ZSM-5催化剂对邻二醇氧化裂解的促进作用

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100232

Philipp Treu , Dimitra Iltsiou , Rabia Elbuga-Ilica , Carina Maliakkal , Søren Kegnæs , Erisa Saraçi

The oxidative cleavage of biomass-derived vicinal diols holds significant potential for producing valuable renewable carboxylic acids. Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite is a highly effective catalyst for this reaction using mild reaction conditions; however, it suffers from diffusion limitations, particularly with larger substrates. To overcome these challenges, we synthesized hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite that integrate mesopores within the conventional microporous framework, thereby mitigating diffusion constraints. These hierarchical materials were developed using carbon templating and desilication techniques. Carbon templating led to the creation of well-defined mesopores, while desilication facilitated the formation of hollow crystals. The mesopore-containing hierarchical zeolites led to increased ion-exchange capacity, due to enhanced accessibility of exchange positions for the Fe^3 + cations, with the desilicated zeolite exceeding the Fe-loading by 3.5 times that of the microporous parent ZSM-5 material, as observed by UV–vis spectroscopy, EXAFS analysis and elemental analysis by ICP-OES. Catalytic tests revealed that hierarchical Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts exhibit superior performance compared to their purely microporous counterparts. Specifically, desilication improved catalytic activity for smaller substrates, while carbon templating proved more effective for larger vicinal diols. Furthermore, the carbon templated zeolite displayed enhanced activity per Fe-site, highlighting the benefits of hierarchical porosity in optimizing catalytic performance.

生物质衍生的邻苯二醇的氧化裂解在生产有价值的可再生羧酸方面具有重要的潜力。Fe-ZSM-5沸石是该反应的高效催化剂，反应条件温和；然而，它受到扩散限制，特别是在较大的衬底上。为了克服这些挑战，我们合成了分层ZSM-5沸石，将介孔整合到传统的微孔框架中，从而减轻了扩散限制。这些分层材料是使用碳模板和脱硅技术开发的。碳模板导致了中孔的形成，而脱硅促进了中空晶体的形成。通过紫外可见光谱、EXAFS分析和ICP-OES元素分析发现，由于Fe3 +阳离子的交换位置可达性增强，含介孔的分级沸石的离子交换能力增加，脱硅沸石的铁负载是微孔母体ZSM-5材料的3.5倍。催化实验表明，分级Fe-ZSM-5催化剂的性能优于纯微孔催化剂。具体来说，脱硅提高了对较小底物的催化活性，而碳模板被证明对较大的邻二醇更有效。此外，碳模板沸石在每个fe位点上显示出增强的活性，突出了分层孔隙在优化催化性能方面的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of thermal treatment, foaming and stabilizing agents on the synthesis of fly ash-based geopolymer foams using Raman spectroscopy and 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR 利用拉曼光谱和29Si和27Al MAS NMR研究热处理、发泡和稳定剂对粉煤灰基地聚合物泡沫合成的影响

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100257

Ghizlane Moutaoukil , Isabel Sobrados , H.Süleyman Gökçe , Saliha Alehyen

Increasing environmental concerns have challenged researchers to find greener materials to meet the sustainability goals of applied engineering industries. Geopolymers, which have desirable chemical, mechanical, and porous properties, are promising for a variety of applications, from wastewater treatment to the production of green or lightweight construction materials. This study aims to investigate the effect of thermal treatment (70°, 70°+300° and 70°+600°C), foaming (0.1, 0.5 and 0.7 % Al powder) and stabilizing agent (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 % sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of fly ash-based geopolymer foams (GF). Uniaxial compressive strength values of these foams were determined on prepared 35(Ø)× 70 mm cylindrical specimens. Fly ash and final products were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (²⁹Si and ²⁷Al MAS NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area/porosity analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The results shows that increasing the content of foaming and stabilizing agents increases the porosity of the geopolymeric foams. However, this also leads to a decrease in the strength of the specimens. Additionally, exposing the geopolymer foam specimens to high temperatures caused the porosity to decrease from 71 % to 62 %. Raman spectra analysis revealed a shift towards lower wavenumber of the bands attributed to Si-O-Si, Si-O-Al or O-Si-O; this is indicative of a change in the structure of the geopolymeric network from Q4 to Q3. In addition, the ²⁷Al NMR spectra analysis confirmed the crystallization of a part of the gel at high temperatures.

越来越多的环境问题促使研究人员寻找更环保的材料来满足应用工程行业的可持续发展目标。地聚合物具有理想的化学、机械和多孔性，从废水处理到绿色或轻质建筑材料的生产，都有多种应用前景。本研究旨在探讨热处理（70°、70°+300°和70°+600°C）、发泡（0.1、0.5和0.7 % Al粉）和稳定剂（0.1、0.3和0.5 %十二烷基硫酸钠[SDS]）对粉煤灰基地聚合物泡沫（GF）力学和微观结构性能的影响。在制备的35（Ø）× 70 mm圆柱形试样上测定了这些泡沫的单轴抗压强度值。采用x射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、x射线衍射仪（XRD）、魔角自旋核磁共振波谱仪（29Si和27Al MAS NMR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、比表面积/孔隙度分析和拉曼光谱对粉煤灰和成品进行了表征。结果表明，增加起泡剂和稳定剂的含量可以提高地聚合物泡沫的孔隙率。然而，这也导致了试样强度的降低。此外，将地聚合物泡沫试样暴露在高温下，孔隙率从71 %降低到62 %。拉曼光谱分析显示，Si-O-Si、Si-O-Al或O-Si-O波段的波数较低；这表明从Q4到Q3地聚合物网络的结构发生了变化。此外，27Al核磁共振谱分析证实了部分凝胶在高温下的结晶。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of physical, chemical, physico-chemical, and enzymatic pretreatment of paddy straw for ethanol production 稻秆生产乙醇的物理、化学、物理化学和酶处理的比较

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100239

Sudarshan Sahu , Urbi Bansal , Gursharan Singh , Shailendra Kumar Arya

The global shift towards renewable energy has heightened the importance of bioethanol as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, addressing environmental concerns and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable chemistry offers innovative solutions for converting agricultural residues into valuable biofuels, yet challenges in optimizing pretreatment and enzymatic processes persist. This study addresses these gaps by systematically comparing physical, chemical, physicochemical, and enzymatic pretreatments to enhance ethanol yields from paddy straw. Methods included alkali, sonication, and alkali-assisted sonication treatments to modify substrate composition, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase, xylanase, and mannanase. Results revealed that alkali-assisted sonication yielded the highest reducing sugar concentrations (30 ± 0.8 mg/mL) and ethanol productivity (0.41 g/L/h), with a saccharification percentage of 89 % and ethanol yield of 0.58 g/L. In contrast, xylanase exhibited a saccharification percentage of 83 % with an ethanol productivity of 0.28 g/L/h, while cellulase achieved 85 % saccharification and 0.35 g/L/h ethanol productivity. Mannanase showed the lowest performance with 79 % saccharification and 0.21 g/L/h ethanol productivity. A synergistic enzyme cocktail maximized substrate breakdown and sugar release. This research underscores the critical role of pretreatment and enzyme selection in advancing bioethanol production, offering a sustainable pathway to valorize agricultural waste into clean energy.

全球向可再生能源的转变提高了生物乙醇作为化石燃料的可持续替代品的重要性，解决了环境问题并减少了温室气体排放。可持续化学为将农业残留物转化为有价值的生物燃料提供了创新的解决方案，但在优化预处理和酶促过程方面仍然存在挑战。本研究通过系统地比较物理、化学、物理化学和酶预处理来提高水稻秸秆的乙醇产量，从而解决了这些差距。方法包括碱、超声和碱辅助超声处理来修饰底物组成，然后使用纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶进行酶解。结果表明，碱辅助超声处理的还原糖浓度最高（30 ± 0.8 mg/mL），乙醇产率最高（0.41 g/L/h），糖化率为89 %，乙醇产率为0.58 g/L。相比之下，木聚糖酶的糖化率为83 %，乙醇产率为0.28 g/L/h，而纤维素酶的糖化率为85 %，乙醇产率为0.35 g/L/h。甘露聚糖酶表现最差，糖化率为79 %，乙醇产率为0.21 g/L/h。一种协同酶鸡尾酒使底物分解和糖释放最大化。这项研究强调了预处理和酶选择在推进生物乙醇生产中的关键作用，为农业废弃物转化为清洁能源提供了一条可持续的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Facile preparation of triangular-like polycrystalline ceria as supporting carrier in catalysis exemplified by Ni/CeO2 catalyzed oxidation and hydrogenation reactions 以Ni/CeO2催化氧化和加氢反应为例，制备三角形多晶二氧化铈作为负载载体

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100243

Sofia Stefa , Maria Lykaki , Georgios Varvoutis , Maria Zografaki , Vassilios D. Binas , George E. Marnellos , Michalis Konsolakis

Ceria is a reducible oxide that has been extensively employed as supporting carrier in catalysis due to its unique redox and structural properties in combination with its strong interaction with the active phases. Recently, the synthesis of ceria nanostructures with uniform size and morphology has become a topic of extensive scientific interest in catalysis. Therefore, the combination of earth-abundant and cost-effective transition metals with fine-tuned ceria carriers could provide a platform for multifunctional materials in several energy and environmental applications. Herein, we originally explore the facile synthesis of ceria particles of triangular-like morphology with improved textural and structural characteristics and their subsequent application as supporting carrier of nickel active phase. The as-prepared Ni/CeO₂ catalysts were thoroughly characterized and catalytically assessed for both oxidation (CO oxidation) and reduction (CO₂ hydrogenation) processes to demonstrate the effectiveness of ceria triangular structures as supporting materials in catalysis. The results clearly revealed the pivotal role of ceria nanostructure on the physicochemical properties and in turn on the catalytic performance of the nickel-ceria binary system. The improved reducibility and oxygen kinetics of ceria carrier, along with its abundance in structural defects and Ce³⁺ species, could be considered as the dominant factors towards determining the catalytic performance, offering highly active and selective ceria-based transition metal catalysts.

二氧化铈是一种可还原性氧化物，由于其独特的氧化还原和结构特性以及与活性相的强相互作用，已广泛用作催化的载体。近年来，合成具有均匀尺寸和均匀形貌的二氧化铈纳米结构已成为催化领域广泛关注的科学课题。因此，将地球资源丰富且具有成本效益的过渡金属与微调的二氧化铈载体相结合，可以为多种能源和环境应用中的多功能材料提供平台。本文首先探索了易于合成的具有改进的纹理和结构特征的三角形形貌的二氧化铈颗粒及其作为镍活性相载体的后续应用。对制备的Ni/CeO2催化剂进行了全面的表征和氧化（CO氧化）和还原（CO2加氢）过程的催化评价，以证明二氧化铈三角形结构作为支撑材料在催化中的有效性。结果清楚地揭示了纳米结构对镍-铈二元体系的物理化学性质和催化性能的关键作用。铈载体的还原性和氧动力学的改善，以及其结构缺陷和Ce3+种类的丰富程度，可以被认为是决定催化性能的主要因素，从而提供高活性和选择性的铈基过渡金属催化剂。

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引用次数: 0

Removal of cadmium and (radio)toxic metal ions using activated sludge-based sorbents 利用活性污泥基吸附剂去除镉和（放射性）有毒金属离子

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100230

Maria Kapnisti , Konstantinos Lanaras , Aikaterini Liaska , Fotini Noli , Petros Samaras

Biochars produced from sewage sludge were investigated towards their adsorption capacity for cadmium and (radio)toxic metals. Samples of waste sewage sludge were subjected to pyrolysis at 350, 450 and 800 °C. The resulting biochars were characterized by using techniques like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Their specific surface area and pore size were determined using the BET method, and the point of zero charge was assessed via zeta-potential analysis. The application of biochars and dry sludge in removing Cd(II) from aqueous solutions was demonstrated considering the effect of various factors including metal concentration, temperature, pH, and presence of competing ions. Adsorption isotherms were modeled using Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin models, while adsorption kinetics were assessed through the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order as well as Elovich kinetic models, along with the corresponding thermodynamic data. In addition, the adsorption capacity was tested for Cs(Ι), Ba(ΙΙ), Eu(ΙΙΙ) and U(VΙ) ions. Dry sludge and the biochar produced after pyrolysis at 800 °C proved to be the most effective materials for removing cadmium as well as cesium, barium, europium and uranium from aqueous solutions. The evaluation of equilibrium and kinetics data indicated that activated sludge products could serve as effective sorbents for retention of hazardous metals.

研究了用污水污泥生产的生物炭对镉和（放射性）有毒金属的吸附能力。在 350、450 和 800 °C 下对废弃污水污泥样本进行热解。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜等技术对所得到的生物炭进行了表征。采用 BET 法测定了它们的比表面积和孔径，并通过 zeta 电位分析评估了零电荷点。考虑到各种因素的影响，包括金属浓度、温度、pH 值和竞争离子的存在，证明了生物炭和干污泥在去除水溶液中的镉(II)方面的应用。利用 Freundlich、Langmuir 和 Temkin 模型对吸附等温线进行了建模，并通过伪一阶、伪二阶和 Elovich 动力学模型以及相应的热力学数据对吸附动力学进行了评估。此外，还测试了 Cs(Ι)、Ba(ΙΙ)、Eu(ΙΙΙ)和 U(VΙ) 离子的吸附容量。事实证明，干污泥和在 800 °C 高温分解后产生的生物炭是从水溶液中去除镉、铯、钡、铕和铀的最有效材料。对平衡和动力学数据的评估表明，活性污泥产品可作为保留有害金属的有效吸附剂。

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引用次数: 0

An experimental investigation of mechanical properties of concrete composites reinforced with PET fibers as per ASTM standard 按ASTM标准对PET纤维增强混凝土复合材料力学性能进行了试验研究

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100241

Hammad Khalid , Yasir Yasin , Muhammad Umer Farooq , Usman Munir , Mumtaz A. Qaisrani , Shahnaz Shahani

Waste plastic needs to be utilized effectively and has attracted more attention nowadays, particularly in developing countries in recent years. One of the methods to address this issue is to reuse the waste plastic in concrete. For this purpose, a green concrete is proposed, which is a combination of concrete with waste Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers having strength characteristics comparable to or exceeding that of render concrete. The concept of green concrete involves using discarded plastic bottles, which, if disposed of directly into landfills, are not biodegradable. PET fibers were used to enhance the mechanical properties of the concrete. Concrete grade M20 was selected for the mix design for this specific research work. The Concrete samples were prepared using ordinary Portland Cement in accordance with ASTM (C31/C31M, 2019) by mixing proportions as per IS10262, 2009. The mechanical properties of this new green concrete have been studied by adding various volumetric percentages of PET. This study demonstrates a 13 % improvement in compressive strength and 50 % improvement in split tensile strength after 7 days and 28 days of curing, respectively. Therefore, it provides an alternative and a better approach to reduce PET waste and improve concrete strength.

废塑料需要有效利用，近年来受到越来越多的关注，特别是在发展中国家。解决这一问题的方法之一是将废塑料重新用于混凝土中。为此，提出了一种绿色混凝土，它是混凝土与废弃聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）纤维的组合，其强度特性与混凝土相当或超过混凝土。绿色混凝土的概念包括使用废弃的塑料瓶，如果直接处理到垃圾填埋场，这些塑料瓶是不可生物降解的。采用PET纤维增强混凝土的力学性能。本次具体研究工作选用混凝土牌号M20进行配合比设计。混凝土样品采用普通硅酸盐水泥，按照ASTM (C31/C31M, 2019)，按IS10262, 2009的混合比例配制。通过添加不同体积百分比的PET，研究了这种新型绿色混凝土的力学性能。该研究表明，养护7天和28天后，抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度分别提高了13% %和50% %。因此，它为减少PET的浪费和提高混凝土强度提供了一种替代和更好的途径。

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引用次数: 0