Zeitschrift für Immunitaetsforschung, Experimentelle und Klinische Immunologie最新文献

The specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated during murine lymphocytec choriomeningitis (LCM) has been investigated. CTL were obtained from the spleens of mice injected i.p. with LCM virus. The cytotoxic activity of the CTL was tested in an in vitro ⁵¹Cr cytotoxicity assay using infected macrophages or fibroblasts as target cells. At the peak of the cytotoxic T cell response (7–8 days after infection) the cytotoxic action was restricted to syngeneic virusinfected target cells. Using H-2 recombinant mice the target antigen of the CTL generated could be identified as products coded for by either the H-2 K or H-2 D region of the major histocompatibility complex. I region identity between CTL and infected target cells was insufficient for optimal lysis to occur. During the early phase of LCM virus infection there was a transient phase during which noninfected H-2 histocompatible targets were lysed as efficiently as virus-infected target cells. This finding may suggest, that during the early phase of LCM disease self-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes are temporarily present in LCM virusinfected mice.

19 persons were actively immunized with adsorbed tetanus toxoid and were simultaneously given tetanus immune globulin of human origin, TIG(H), in doses of 500-1500 IU. Their antitoxin titres were followed for 1 year. Seven persons were given only TIG(H), 500 IU and 1500 IU and their antitoxin titres were followed for 3 months to 1 year.

For comparison, 30 military recruits were actively immunized with adsorbed tetanus toxoid according to common practice. Their antitoxin titres were followed for 1 year.

The response to complete active immunization could not be demonstrated to be impaired by passive immunization, when 500 IU or 1500 IU of TIG(H) were given simultaneously with toxoid. The titres were in accordance with those achieved by active immunization of the recruits.

The effect of 3 schedules for tetanus vaccination on the immunity developed by guinea-pigs was investigated, using 1.5 Lf adsorbed tetanus toxoid injected subcutaneously. The following injection schedules were used: a) 5 injections: initially and after 3, 7, 10, and 13 days; b) 3 injections: initially and after 2 and 4 weeks; c) 2 injections: initially and after 4 weeks.

Blood samples were taken after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks and the titres of tetanus antitoxin were recorded. No significant difference in the titres was observed within 2 weeks. Immunity was also tested by challenge with different amounts of tetanus toxin after 1 week, 10 days, 2, 3, and 8 weeks. A tendency to a higher immunity with schedule a) was observed after 10 days to 2 weeks; thereafter no acceleration of immunity could be shown. The results indicate that frequent injections over a short period of time do not establish rapid immunity against tetanus.

This investigation demonstrated delayed hypersensitivity by macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) and skin-testing (ST) at 4, 8, 12, and 17 weeks and by lymphocyte transformation (LT) at 4, 12, and 17 weeks after infection of guinea-pigs (GP) with Toxoplasma gondii (C-37 strain). MMI and LT were both most pronounced at 4 and 17 weeks post-infection.

GP immunized with toxoplasmin in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) demonstrated positive blast transformation and ST, but GP immunized with phosphate buffered saline in CFA did not. MMI was demonstrated with both immunizing preparations. Positive dye test and indirect hemagglutination test titers from 4 through 17 weeks were found.

The increasing number of lymphocytes with nucleoli synthesizing RNA in the mouse lymph nodes, draining the site of injection of infusion solutions, was used as a marker for their immunogenicity. The percentage of «active» lymphocytes significantly increased 3 days after the administration of preparations based on bovine serum or human haemoglobin which were found immunogenic when testing for antibody formation. Such a reaction was not elicited in mice treated with Physiogel, Dextran and Duxon which do not cause any production of antibodies. The described test may serve as a rapid and economical assay for the immunogenicity of infusion solutions and other substances.