Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80146-9
Elke Schröder, G. Kunstmann, H. Hasbach, G. Pulverer
Sera of 152 healthy blood donors and 43 infants 9 to 12 months of age were tested for serum antibodies to TSST-1 and staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C by a microtiter ELISA assay. Only 50% of the adult population had detectable antibody-titers to enterotoxin A, whereas 80% to enterotoxin C and 90% to enterotoxin B and TSST-1, which is very similar to the prevalence of TSST-1 antibodies among USA-residents. The “protective” titer of TSST-1-antibodies can be estimated to be 1:100 in the test system used by comparison with anti-TSST-1-titers in five acute phase sera from confirmed menstrual TSS cases.
{"title":"Prevalence of Serum Antibodies to Toxic-Shock-Syndrome-Toxin-1 and to Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A, B and C in West-Germany","authors":"Elke Schröder, G. Kunstmann, H. Hasbach, G. Pulverer","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80146-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80146-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sera of 152 healthy blood donors and 43 infants 9 to 12 months of age were tested for serum antibodies to TSST-1 and staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C by a microtiter ELISA assay. Only 50% of the adult population had detectable antibody-titers to enterotoxin A, whereas 80% to enterotoxin C and 90% to enterotoxin B and TSST-1, which is very similar to the prevalence of TSST-1 antibodies among USA-residents. The “protective” titer of TSST-1-antibodies can be estimated to be 1:100 in the test system used by comparison with anti-TSST-1-titers in five acute phase sera from confirmed menstrual TSS cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"270 1","pages":"Pages 110-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80146-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14352356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80136-6
P. Luther , K. Noack , H. Reutgen
The potency of the polyvalent bacterial vaccine (Infectvac) to prevent lethal infections with S. pneumoniae ATCC 6301 was examined. NMRI-mice were protected 2–5 times better than untreated controls. The protection is based on activation of resistance-mechanisms, e.g. interferon production. Most interesting is a strong activation of the phagocytosis-killing-system of alveolar macrophages after oral application of antigen (information: gutmucosa to lung mucosa).
Using the same infection model the important role of bacterial lectins for infectious diseases was demonstrated. Blocking the combining site of the bacterial lectin of S. pneumoniae by intranasal application of N-acetylglucosamine (the specific carbohydrate for the lectin) was able to prevent a lethal infection with S. pneumoniae 3-times better than PBS or using not lectin relevant carbohydrates. Therefore, blocking the lectin receptor with specific carbohydrates might also be of clinical relevance to prevent acute respiratory infections (ARI).
In tierexperimentellen Studien wurde die Bedeutung einer neuen polyvalenten Bakterienvakzine (Infectvac) hinsichtlich ihrer Fähigkeit zur Abwehr einer tödlichen Infektion mit S. pneumoniae ATCC 6301 untersucht. NMRI-Mäuse waren nach oraler Immunisierung signifikant besser gegenüber einer tödlichen Infektion mit S. pneumoniae geschützt als unbehandelte Kontrollen. Neben einer Interferoninduktion ist vor allem die starke Aktivierung des Phagozytose-Killing-Systems von Alveolarmakrophagen nach oraler Applikation von Bedeutung (Aktivierung von Resistenzmechanismen in der Lunge durch Stimulation in der Darmschleimhaut).
In dem gleichen Infektionsmodell konnte in vivo die Hypothese bestätigt werden, daß bakterielle Lektine eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Infektion spielen („Attachment“). Eine Blockade des Lektins von S. pneumoniae (spezifisch für N-Acetylglucosamin) durch intranasale Gabe des Zuckers vor der Infektion, schützt die Tiere 3-fach höher als unbehandelte Kontrollen und unterstreicht die pathogene Bedeutung bakterieller Membranlektine für akute respiratorische Infektionen (ARI).
研究了多价细菌疫苗(Infectvac)预防肺炎链球菌ATCC 6301致死感染的效力。核磁共振小鼠的保护效果是未处理对照组的2-5倍。这种保护是基于激活抗性机制,例如干扰素的产生。最有趣的是口服抗原后肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬-杀伤系统的强烈激活(信息:肠粘膜到肺粘膜)。利用相同的感染模型,证明了细菌凝集素在传染病中的重要作用。鼻内应用n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖(凝集素的特异性碳水化合物)阻断肺炎链球菌凝集素的结合位点,其预防肺炎链球菌致命感染的效果是PBS或不使用凝集素相关碳水化合物的3倍。因此,用特定的碳水化合物阻断凝集素受体也可能对预防急性呼吸道感染(ARI)具有临床意义。在第一级实验中,研究了肺炎链球菌ATCC 6301感染的肺炎链球菌链球菌感染(感染)(感染)(感染)(感染)(感染)(感染)(感染)。NMRI-Mäuse waren nach oral免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,免疫应答显著升高,感染肺炎链球菌gesch。内文:干扰素诱导因子对心肌梗死吞噬细胞杀伤系统及肺泡巨噬细胞的抑制作用(免疫抑制因子对肺泡巨噬细胞的抑制作用)在dem gleichen infektionsmodel konte体内死亡假设bestätigt werden, dasß bakterielle lektineine bedeutende Rolle beder infection spielen(“附件”)。阻断肺炎链球菌凝集素(spezifisch fr n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖),抑制鼻内感染,schzifisch Tiere 3-fach höher,抑制和抑制病原体Bedeutung bakterieller膜凝集素和急性呼吸道感染(ARI)。
{"title":"Lectins and their Role in a New Polyvalent Bacterial Vaccine Against ARI","authors":"P. Luther , K. Noack , H. Reutgen","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80136-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80136-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The potency of the polyvalent bacterial vaccine (Infectvac) to prevent lethal infections with <em>S. pneumoniae</em> ATCC 6301 was examined. NMRI-mice were protected 2–5 times better than untreated controls. The protection is based on activation of resistance-mechanisms, e.g. interferon production. Most interesting is a strong activation of the phagocytosis-killing-system of alveolar macrophages after oral application of antigen (information: gutmucosa to lung mucosa).</p><p>Using the same infection model the important role of bacterial lectins for infectious diseases was demonstrated. Blocking the combining site of the bacterial lectin of <em>S. pneumoniae</em> by intranasal application of N-acetylglucosamine (the specific carbohydrate for the lectin) was able to prevent a lethal infection with <em>S. pneumoniae</em> 3-times better than PBS or using not lectin relevant carbohydrates. Therefore, blocking the lectin receptor with specific carbohydrates might also be of clinical relevance to prevent acute respiratory infections (ARI).</p></div><div><p>In tierexperimentellen Studien wurde die Bedeutung einer neuen polyvalenten Bakterienvakzine (Infectvac) hinsichtlich ihrer Fähigkeit zur Abwehr einer tödlichen Infektion mit <em>S. pneumoniae</em> ATCC 6301 untersucht. NMRI-Mäuse waren nach oraler Immunisierung signifikant besser gegenüber einer tödlichen Infektion mit <em>S. pneumoniae</em> geschützt als unbehandelte Kontrollen. Neben einer Interferoninduktion ist vor allem die starke Aktivierung des Phagozytose-Killing-Systems von Alveolarmakrophagen nach oraler Applikation von Bedeutung (Aktivierung von Resistenzmechanismen in der Lunge durch Stimulation in der Darmschleimhaut).</p><p>In dem gleichen Infektionsmodell konnte in vivo die Hypothese bestätigt werden, daß bakterielle Lektine eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Infektion spielen („Attachment“). Eine Blockade des Lektins von <em>S. pneumoniae</em> (spezifisch für N-Acetylglucosamin) durch intranasale Gabe des Zuckers vor der Infektion, schützt die Tiere 3-fach höher als unbehandelte Kontrollen und unterstreicht die pathogene Bedeutung bakterieller Membranlektine für akute respiratorische Infektionen (ARI).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"270 1","pages":"Pages 16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80136-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14352360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80177-9
T.F. Schwarz , G. Zoulek, M. Roggendorf
188 (139 ♀ ; 49 ♂) genital swabs from patients with urogenital complaints (> 6 weeks), 69 (33 ♀ ; 36 ♂) conjunctival swabs from patients with chronic conjunctivitis and 14 swabs from newborns with acute conjunctivitis were tested for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) by inoculation in cell culture and visualisation by indirect immunfluorescence (IFT) with a monoclonal antibody and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Of the 271 specimens 20 (7.4%) were Ct positive by cell culture (IFT) and 18 (6.6%) were positive by ELISA. In 184 (97.9%) urogenital specimens results between cell culture (IFT) and ELISA agreed. With ELISA 4 further genital specimens were found to be Ct positive. In 59 (85.5%) conjunctival swabs of patients with chronic conjunctivitis results between cell culture (IFT) and ELISA agreed. By inoculation of cell culture (IFT) 6 (8.7%) more Ct positive specimens could be identified which were negative in ELISA. There was complete agreement between positive and negative Ct detection with cell culture (IFT) and ELISA in the cases of acute conjunctivitis.
188 (139 ♀ ; 49 ♂) Genitalabstriche von Patienten mit urogenitalen Beschwerden (≥ 6 Wochen), 69 (33 ♀ ; 36 ♂) Konjunktivalabstriche von Patienten mit einer chronischen Konjunktivitis und 14 Konjunktivalabstriche von Neugeborenen mit einer akuten Konjunktivitis wurden auf Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) untersucht. Der Ct-Nachweis erfolgte durch Inokulation in Zellkultur und anschließender indirekter Immunfluoreszenz (IFT) oder mit einem Enzymimmunoassay (ELISA) zum direkten Erregernachweis. Ct wurde bei 20 (7,4%) von insgesamt 271 Abstrichen mittels Zellkultur (IFT) und bei 18 (6,6%) mittels ELISA nachgewiesen. Bei 184 (97,9%) Urogenitalabstrichen konnte eine Übereinstimmung der positiven und negativen Ergebnisse zwischen Zellkultur und ELISA erzielt werden. Mittels ELISA wurden vier weitere Abstriche positiv bewertet. Die Ergebnisse der vergleichenden Untersuchung der Konjunktivalabstriche der Patienten mit chronischer Konjunktivitis stimmten bei 59 Proben (85,5%) überein. Durch Zellkulturnachweis (IFT) wurden 6 (8,7%) weitere Ct positive Abstriche, die im ELISA negativ waren, entdeckt. Eine absolute Übereinstimmung zwischen positiven und negativen Ergebnissen ergab die Untersuchung von Abstrichen von Neugeborenen mit akuter Konjunktivitis.
188(139♀;有泌尿生殖疾患的患者(>6周),69(33♀;采用细胞培养接种沙眼衣原体(Ct)的方法,对36例慢性结膜炎患者和14例急性结膜炎新生儿结膜拭子进行了沙眼衣原体(Ct)的检测,并采用单克隆抗体和酶免疫测定(ELISA)间接免疫荧光(IFT)检测。其中细胞培养(IFT) Ct阳性20例(7.4%),ELISA阳性18例(6.6%)。184例(97.9%)泌尿生殖系统标本细胞培养(IFT)结果与ELISA结果吻合。ELISA 4进一步发现生殖器标本Ct阳性。在59例(85.5%)慢性结膜炎患者的结膜拭子中,细胞培养(IFT)和ELISA结果一致。经细胞培养(IFT)接种,可检出6例(8.7%)Ct阳性,而ELISA阴性。在急性结膜炎病例中,细胞培养(IFT)和ELISA的Ct阳性和阴性检测结果完全一致(139♀;49♂)genitalabstract von Patienten mit urogenitalen Beschwerden(≥6 Wochen), 69(33♀;36♂)慢性孔眼活动性炎(Konjunktivalabstriche)和14新发孔眼活动性炎(Konjunktivalabstriche)均为沙眼衣原体(Ct)所致。用免疫荧光法(IFT)、酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)直接接种小鼠。Ct wurde bei 20 (7.4%) von insgesamt 271 Abstrichen mittels Zellkultur (IFT)和bei 18 (6.6%) mittels ELISA nachgewiesen。Bei 184(97.9%)尿生殖abstract strichen konte eine Übereinstimmung对Ergebnisse zwischen zellkulter和ELISA erzielt werden阳性和阴性。Mittels酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)阳性。Die Ergebnisse der vergleichenden Untersuchung der Konjunktivalabstriche der patientmit chronischer konjunktivittis stimmmen(85,5%)。荷兰Zellkulturnachweis (IFT) wurden 6 (8.7%) weitere Ct阳性摘要,死亡于ELISA阴性waren,未检测。e绝对Übereinstimmung zwischen阳性和阴性Ergebnissen ergab - die Untersuchung von Abstrichen von Neugeborenen mitakuter konjunktivittis。
{"title":"Detection of chlamydia trachomatis by isolation in cell culture and enzyme amplified immunoassay","authors":"T.F. Schwarz , G. Zoulek, M. Roggendorf","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80177-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80177-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>188 (139 ♀ ; 49 ♂) genital swabs from patients with urogenital complaints (> 6 weeks), 69 (33 ♀ ; 36 ♂) conjunctival swabs from patients with chronic conjunctivitis and 14 swabs from newborns with acute conjunctivitis were tested for the presence of <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> (Ct) by inoculation in cell culture and visualisation by indirect immunfluorescence (IFT) with a monoclonal antibody and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Of the 271 specimens 20 (7.4%) were Ct positive by cell culture (IFT) and 18 (6.6%) were positive by ELISA. In 184 (97.9%) urogenital specimens results between cell culture (IFT) and ELISA agreed. With ELISA 4 further genital specimens were found to be Ct positive. In 59 (85.5%) conjunctival swabs of patients with chronic conjunctivitis results between cell culture (IFT) and ELISA agreed. By inoculation of cell culture (IFT) 6 (8.7%) more Ct positive specimens could be identified which were negative in ELISA. There was complete agreement between positive and negative Ct detection with cell culture (IFT) and ELISA in the cases of acute conjunctivitis.</p></div><div><p>188 (139 ♀ ; 49 ♂) Genitalabstriche von Patienten mit urogenitalen Beschwerden (≥ 6 Wochen), 69 (33 ♀ ; 36 ♂) Konjunktivalabstriche von Patienten mit einer chronischen Konjunktivitis und 14 Konjunktivalabstriche von Neugeborenen mit einer akuten Konjunktivitis wurden auf <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> (Ct) untersucht. Der Ct-Nachweis erfolgte durch Inokulation in Zellkultur und anschließender indirekter Immunfluoreszenz (IFT) oder mit einem Enzymimmunoassay (ELISA) zum direkten Erregernachweis. Ct wurde bei 20 (7,4%) von insgesamt 271 Abstrichen mittels Zellkultur (IFT) und bei 18 (6,6%) mittels ELISA nachgewiesen. Bei 184 (97,9%) Urogenitalabstrichen konnte eine Übereinstimmung der positiven und negativen Ergebnisse zwischen Zellkultur und ELISA erzielt werden. Mittels ELISA wurden vier weitere Abstriche positiv bewertet. Die Ergebnisse der vergleichenden Untersuchung der Konjunktivalabstriche der Patienten mit chronischer Konjunktivitis stimmten bei 59 Proben (85,5%) überein. Durch Zellkulturnachweis (IFT) wurden 6 (8,7%) weitere Ct positive Abstriche, die im ELISA negativ waren, entdeckt. Eine absolute Übereinstimmung zwischen positiven und negativen Ergebnissen ergab die Untersuchung von Abstrichen von Neugeborenen mit akuter Konjunktivitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"269 3","pages":"Pages 341-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80177-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14197165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80075-0
{"title":"I. Verzeichnis der in Band 269 enthaltenen Arbeiten","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80075-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80075-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"269 4","pages":"Pages 566-582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80075-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137162369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80180-9
Heide Knöll , Stig E. Holm , Dieter Gerlach , Jörg-Hermann Ozegowski , Werner Köhler
Purified erythrogenic toxin type A (ET A) and the corresponding toxoid, prepared by formalin treatment, were used for the immunization of rabbits (200 μg per rabbit). The impact of anti-erythrogenic toxin and toxoid immunity was investigated under the conditions of experimental infection with the ET A-producing Streptococcus pyogenes strain SF 130 (type 1). Whereas non of the immunized rabbits (n = 14) died after infection, 40% of nonimmunized animals did not survive (Table 1). The increase of the spleen weight after infection was significantly smaller in the immunized groups (Table 2). The immunized rabbits responded after infection with a significantly lower increase of fever which did not exceed 0.8 °C (2°C in infected non-immunized animals).
Humoral antibodies to ET A were detected after immunization by means of ELISA. The challenge infection acted as a booster leading to a further increase of antibodies.
The antibodies were found to be neutralizing the nonspecific mitogenicity of ET A in vitro in relation to the antibody titer. Cell-mediated immunity was tested in the lymphocyte transformation reaction with peripheral lymphocytes. The nonspecific mitogenicity of ET A, ET B, ET C and Con A was pronounced after immunization, whereas the nonimmunized rabbits responded to these antigens to a lower degree. The toxoid was found to be non-mitogenic. The altogether higher lymphocyte stimulation was also observed using spleen lymphocytes of immunized animals after infection.
{"title":"Tissue cages for study of experimental streptococcal infection in rabbits III. Influence of immunization with erythrogenic toxin type A (ET A) and its toxoid on subsequent infection with an ET A producing strain","authors":"Heide Knöll , Stig E. Holm , Dieter Gerlach , Jörg-Hermann Ozegowski , Werner Köhler","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80180-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80180-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Purified erythrogenic toxin type A (ET A) and the corresponding toxoid, prepared by formalin treatment, were used for the immunization of rabbits (200 μg per rabbit). The impact of anti-erythrogenic toxin and toxoid immunity was investigated under the conditions of experimental infection with the ET A-producing <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> strain SF 130 (type 1). Whereas non of the immunized rabbits (n = 14) died after infection, 40% of nonimmunized animals did not survive (Table 1). The increase of the spleen weight after infection was significantly smaller in the immunized groups (Table 2). The immunized rabbits responded after infection with a significantly lower increase of fever which did not exceed 0.8 °C (2°C in infected non-immunized animals).</p><p>Humoral antibodies to ET A were detected after immunization by means of ELISA. The challenge infection acted as a booster leading to a further increase of antibodies.</p><p>The antibodies were found to be neutralizing the nonspecific mitogenicity of ET A in vitro in relation to the antibody titer. Cell-mediated immunity was tested in the lymphocyte transformation reaction with peripheral lymphocytes. The nonspecific mitogenicity of ET A, ET B, ET C and Con A was pronounced after immunization, whereas the nonimmunized rabbits responded to these antigens to a lower degree. The toxoid was found to be non-mitogenic. The altogether higher lymphocyte stimulation was also observed using spleen lymphocytes of immunized animals after infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"269 3","pages":"Pages 366-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80180-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14197166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80138-X
Gerhard Uhlenbruck , Angelika Fröml , Rudolf Lütticken , Kurt Hannig
Group B streptococcal strains of types Ia, Ib/c, II, III and IV could be characterized by distinct electrophoretic mobilities before and after neuraminidase treatment. By this method of cell electrophoresis in the type I a strain, two subpopulations could be detected; whereas in all strains the electrophoretic mobility is markedly reduced after enzymatic removal of neuraminic acid, type II remained unaffected.
The method of “bacteriopheresis” offers a new approach to classification of bacteria with respect to the primary and secondary surface structures.
Gruppe B Streptokokkenstämme der Serotypen I a, I b/c, II, III und IV konnten durch ihre charakteristische elektrophoretische Beweglichkeit vor und nach Neuraminidase-Behandlung klassifiziert werden. Mit Hilfe dieser Methode der Zellelektrophorese konnten beim Stamm des Typs Ia sogar zwei Subpopulationen festgestellt werden. Während bei allen übrigen Stämmen die elektrophoretische Beweglichkeit nach enzymatischer Abspaltung der Neuraminsäure reduziert wurde, war das beim Typ-II Stamm nicht der Fall.
Die Methode der „Bakteriopherese“ bietet eine neue Möglichkeit zur Klassifizierung von Bakterien aufgrund primärer und sekundärer Oberflächenstrukturen.
两个证人没有,你没有,你没有证人这是你们通过的物理实验《所有需要钱的东西》中我就用这个词来描述“建筑群”的新方法和结构。B组血清类型I a I B /c, 2、3和4在治疗前和治疗神经解析前,已经测试到它们本身特有的电中和作用。利用这个方法,一种有细胞反应的分子甚至能够鉴定出两个子类。第二种也没有出现“细菌反射”法提供了基于主表面和第二表面结构对细菌进行分类的新方法。
{"title":"Cell Electrophoresis of Group B Streptococci: Separation of Types I a, Ib/c, II, III and IV Before and After Neuraminidase Treatment","authors":"Gerhard Uhlenbruck , Angelika Fröml , Rudolf Lütticken , Kurt Hannig","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80138-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80138-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Group B streptococcal strains of types Ia, Ib/c, II, III and IV could be characterized by distinct electrophoretic mobilities before and after neuraminidase treatment. By this method of cell electrophoresis in the type I a strain, two subpopulations could be detected; whereas in all strains the electrophoretic mobility is markedly reduced after enzymatic removal of neuraminic acid, type II remained unaffected.</p><p>The method of “bacteriopheresis” offers a new approach to classification of bacteria with respect to the primary and secondary surface structures.</p></div><div><p>Gruppe B Streptokokkenstämme der Serotypen I a, I b/c, II, III und IV konnten durch ihre charakteristische elektrophoretische Beweglichkeit vor und nach Neuraminidase-Behandlung klassifiziert werden. Mit Hilfe dieser Methode der Zellelektrophorese konnten beim Stamm des Typs Ia sogar zwei Subpopulationen festgestellt werden. Während bei allen übrigen Stämmen die elektrophoretische Beweglichkeit nach enzymatischer Abspaltung der Neuraminsäure reduziert wurde, war das beim Typ-II Stamm nicht der Fall.</p><p>Die Methode der „Bakteriopherese“ bietet eine neue Möglichkeit zur Klassifizierung von Bakterien aufgrund primärer und sekundärer Oberflächenstrukturen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"270 1","pages":"Pages 28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80138-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14198108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80178-0
Roswitha Füssle , Andreas Sziegoleit
The incorporation of staphylococcal α-toxin into glutaraldehyde fixed erythrocytes occurs in the same way as with native erythrocytes. Binding of α-toxin to the cells is accompanied by oligomerization of native 3 S toxin to the membrane-bound 11 S toxin hexamer, which is embedded into the lipid bilayer of the membrane.
Antibodies against α-toxin, build up during an infection with S. aureus, can be determined in a passive hemagglutination test (IHT) using glutaraldehyde fixed and α-toxin treated erythrocytes. To test the validity of this IHT, antibodies to α-toxin were determined in 550 human sera of patients from hospitals of the University of Giessen suspected to suffer from staphylococcal infections and in 300 sera of healthy blood donors. The results were compared with the titres obtained by a convenient neutralisation test (ASTA). All sera with elevated titres in the ASTA test also showed high titres in the IHT. Because it is simple to perform and highly reproducible, the IHT seems to be a valuable test for detection of antibodies against staphylococcal α-toxin.
Stapbylokokken-α-Toxin bindet an glutaraldehydfixierte Erythrozyten ebenso wie an unfixierte Zellen. Die Bindung von α-Toxin an fixierte wie unfixierte Erythrozyten führt zur Umwandlung des nativen Toxins (3 S Form) in die oligomere 11 S Membranform des Toxins, und zu deren Einlagerung in die Lipiddoppelschicht der Membran. Glutaraldehydfixierte und mit α-Toxin beladene Erythrozyten können in einem indirekten Hämagglutinationstest (IHT) zum Nachweis von Antikörpern, die gegen α-Toxin gerichtet sind, verwendet werden. Die diagnostische Wertigkeit eines solchen Testsystems wurde an 550 Seren von Patienten mit Verdacht auf Staphylokokken-Infektionen sowie an 300 Seren gesunder Blutspender geprüft, indem α-Toxin-Antikörper sowohl im Neutralisationstest (ASTA) als auch im IHT bestimmt wurden. Sämtliche Seren mit erhöhten ASTA Werten zeigten ausnahmslos hohe IHT Titer. Die einfache Durchführung und gute Reproduzierbarkeit lassen den IHT als geeigneten Test zum Nachweis von α-Toxin-Antikörpern erscheinen.
葡萄球菌α-毒素与戊二醛固定红细胞的结合方式与天然红细胞相同。α-毒素与细胞的结合伴随着天然3s毒素寡聚到膜结合的11s毒素六聚体,该六聚体嵌入膜的脂质双分子层。在金黄色葡萄球菌感染期间产生的抗α-毒素抗体,可以用戊二醛固定和α-毒素处理的红细胞进行被动血凝试验(IHT)来测定。为了检验这种IHT的有效性,对来自吉森大学医院的550名疑似葡萄球菌感染患者的血清和300名健康献血者的血清中α-毒素抗体进行了检测。将结果与方便中和试验(ASTA)所得滴度进行比较。所有在ASTA测试中升高的血清在IHT中也显示出高滴度。由于IHT操作简单且重复性高,因此它似乎是一种有价值的葡萄球菌α-毒素抗体检测方法。葡萄球菌-α-毒素与戊二醛固定型红细胞结合,并与不固定型红细胞结合。α-毒素与非固定型α-毒素的结合,非固定型α-毒素的结合,非固定型α-毒素的结合,非固定型α-毒素的结合,非固定型α-毒素的结合,非固定型α-毒素的结合,非固定型α-毒素的结合,非固定型α-毒素的结合。戊二醛固化剂和α-毒素苯丙烯红酶können在间接性einem Hämagglutinationstest (IHT) zum Nachweis von Antikörpern, die gegen α-毒素苯丙烯sind, verwendet werden。Die diagnostische Wertigkeit eines solchen Testsystems wurder 550 (7) von Patienten mitverdacht auf Staphylokokken-Infektionen sosof, 300 (7) seutspender gerpreft, indem α-Toxin-Antikörper sowohlinneutralationtest (ASTA)也在IHT bestbestwurden。Sämtliche七mit erhöhten ASTA Werten zeigten ausnahmsls he滴度。研究对象为德国生长发育与生殖系统,研究对象为德国生长发育与生殖系统。
{"title":"Incorporation of staphylococcal α-toxin in glutaraldehyde fixed erythrocytes","authors":"Roswitha Füssle , Andreas Sziegoleit","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80178-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80178-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The incorporation of <em>staphylococcal</em> α-toxin into glutaraldehyde fixed erythrocytes occurs in the same way as with native erythrocytes. Binding of α-toxin to the cells is accompanied by oligomerization of native 3 S toxin to the membrane-bound 11 S toxin hexamer, which is embedded into the lipid bilayer of the membrane.</p><p>Antibodies against α-toxin, build up during an infection with <em>S. aureus</em>, can be determined in a passive hemagglutination test (IHT) using glutaraldehyde fixed and α-toxin treated erythrocytes. To test the validity of this IHT, antibodies to α-toxin were determined in 550 human sera of patients from hospitals of the University of Giessen suspected to suffer from staphylococcal infections and in 300 sera of healthy blood donors. The results were compared with the titres obtained by a convenient neutralisation test (ASTA). All sera with elevated titres in the ASTA test also showed high titres in the IHT. Because it is simple to perform and highly reproducible, the IHT seems to be a valuable test for detection of antibodies against staphylococcal α-toxin.</p></div><div><p><em>Stapbylokokken</em>-α-Toxin bindet an glutaraldehydfixierte Erythrozyten ebenso wie an unfixierte Zellen. Die Bindung von α-Toxin an fixierte wie unfixierte Erythrozyten führt zur Umwandlung des nativen Toxins (3 S Form) in die oligomere 11 S Membranform des Toxins, und zu deren Einlagerung in die Lipiddoppelschicht der Membran. Glutaraldehydfixierte und mit α-Toxin beladene Erythrozyten können in einem indirekten Hämagglutinationstest (IHT) zum Nachweis von Antikörpern, die gegen α-Toxin gerichtet sind, verwendet werden. Die diagnostische Wertigkeit eines solchen Testsystems wurde an 550 Seren von Patienten mit Verdacht auf Staphylokokken-Infektionen sowie an 300 Seren gesunder Blutspender geprüft, indem α-Toxin-Antikörper sowohl im Neutralisationstest (ASTA) als auch im IHT bestimmt wurden. Sämtliche Seren mit erhöhten ASTA Werten zeigten ausnahmslos hohe IHT Titer. Die einfache Durchführung und gute Reproduzierbarkeit lassen den IHT als geeigneten Test zum Nachweis von α-Toxin-Antikörpern erscheinen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"269 3","pages":"Pages 346-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80178-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14275975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80169-X
Herbert Auer , Otto Picher, Horst Aspöck
A combined application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) for the diagnosis and post-operative surveillance of human alveolar and cystic echinococcosis is described. Since January 1985 each serum sample submitted for the detection of specific antibodies was examined with both an ELISA using Echinococcus multilocularis antigen (EmELISA) and an IHA using E. granulosus antigen (EgIHA).
In the course of our study altogether 72 human cases of Echinococcus infections were diagnosed. All 16 cases of alveolar echinococcosis (= 100%) and 48 out of 56 cases of cystic echinococcosis (= 86%) were revealed as Echinococcus infection at least in one of the two tests. Although crude antigens were used in both, EmELISA and EglHA, species-specific diagnosis was achieved in 57 (= 89%) of 64 cases of the infections with E. multilocularis or E. granulosus. The diagnostic value of EmELISA and EglHA for the post-operative surveillance is demonstrated by the follow-up of the immune response of one case of alveolar and three cases of cystic echinococcosis.
{"title":"Combined Application of Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Indirect Haemagglutination Test (IHA) as a Useful Tool for the Diagnosis and Post-operative Surveillance of Human Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis","authors":"Herbert Auer , Otto Picher, Horst Aspöck","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80169-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80169-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A combined application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) for the diagnosis and post-operative surveillance of human alveolar and cystic echinococcosis is described. Since January 1985 each serum sample submitted for the detection of specific antibodies was examined with both an ELISA using <em>Echinococcus multilocularis</em> antigen (EmELISA) and an IHA using <em>E. granulosus</em> antigen (EgIHA).</p><p>In the course of our study altogether 72 human cases of <em>Echinococcus</em> infections were diagnosed. All 16 cases of alveolar echinococcosis (= 100%) and 48 out of 56 cases of cystic echinococcosis (= 86%) were revealed as <em>Echinococcus</em> infection at least in one of the two tests. Although crude antigens were used in both, EmELISA and EglHA, species-specific diagnosis was achieved in 57 (= 89%) of 64 cases of the infections with <em>E. multilocularis</em> or <em>E. granulosus</em>. The diagnostic value of EmELISA and EglHA for the post-operative surveillance is demonstrated by the follow-up of the immune response of one case of alveolar and three cases of cystic echinococcosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"270 1","pages":"Pages 313-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80169-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14350448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80152-4
W. Fegeler , D. Lintz, W. Ritzerfeld
The Resistance-Pattern-Analysis (RPA) — the procedure will be described- makes possible a comparison of susceptibility test results of different antibiotics independent of patient and test related factors.
Using two examples, the comparative assessment of a more recent antibiotic with well-tried older antibiotics and the selection of antibiotics for an interventive therapy, whereby the pathogen being unknown the therapy is based upon the probable pathogen, the expected susceptibility and the localization of the infection the practicability will be illustrated.
A RPA of 1526 bacterial isolates was carried out using aztreonam, gentamicin and amikacin. Aztreonam was superior to amikacin against all species tested. In comparison to gentamicin, aztreonam showed the best results against Pseudomonadaceae.
Using common combinations of antibiotics for the initial interventive therapy the possible use of RPA for a cost-risk-analysis from a medical microbiological viewpoint will be demonstrated.
Die Resistenz-Pattern-Analyse (RPA) — das Verfahren wird beschrieben — ermöglicht einen Vergleich von Resistenzergebnissen verschiedener Antibiotika frei von patienten- und testbezogenen Faktoren.
An zwei Beispielen, der vergleichenden Bewertung eines neueren Antibiotikums gegenüber bewährten älteren Antibiotika und der Auswahl von Antibiotika-Kombinationen für eine Interventionstherapie, werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt.
Bei einer RPA von 1526 Bakterienstämmen (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae) gegenüber Aztreonam (AZT), Gentamycin (GEN) und Amikacin (AMI) erwies sich AZT dem AMI in allen untersuchten Keimgruppen und dem GEN bei den Pseudomonadaceae als überlegen.
Anhand von geläufigen Antibiotika-Kombinationen für die initiale Interventionstherapie wird auf die Möglichkeit einer Nutzen-Risiko-Analyse aus medizinisch mikrobiologischer Sicht mittels RPA eingegangen.
耐药模式分析(RPA) -程序将被描述-使不同抗生素的药敏试验结果独立于患者和试验相关因素的比较成为可能。使用两个例子,比较评估一种较新的抗生素与久经考验的旧抗生素和选择抗生素进行干预治疗,其中病原体未知,治疗是基于可能的病原体,预期的易感性和局部感染的实用性将被说明。采用氨曲南、庆大霉素和阿米卡星对1526株细菌进行RPA分析。氨曲南对所有试验物种均优于阿米卡星。与庆大霉素相比,氨曲南对假单胞菌的抑菌效果最好。在最初的介入治疗中使用常见的抗生素组合,从医学微生物学的角度论证使用RPA进行成本-风险分析的可能性。Die resistance - pattern - analysis (RPA) - das Verfahren wbeschrieben - ermöglicht einen Vergleich von Resistenzergebnissen verschiedener antibiotic frei von patien and testbezogenen Faktoren。[1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1]。beeiner RPA von 1526 Bakterienstämmen (enterobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae) gegen氨曲霉南(AZT),庆大霉素(GEN)和阿米卡星(AMI)的研究表明,AZT与AMI在allen untersuten Keimgruppen和dem GEN Bei den Pseudomonadaceae als berlegen中的关系。Anhand von geläufigen抗菌素-复合制剂制剂 (r)初始化干预治疗方法(d)治疗方法(d)死亡Möglichkeit einer Nutzen-Risiko-Analyse aus medizinisch微生物学家ssight mittelels RPA eingeggan。
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Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80064-6
Kurt Hermentin , Horst Aspöck
In a review, past as well as present investigations carried out towards a vaccine against toxoplasmosis are outlined. A historical retrospect of the various immunization experiments is given, recent research projects intending the characterization of antigens that are relevant to host protective immunity are described, and a prospect to future problems and developments expected in the field is drafted.
{"title":"Efforts towards a vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii: A review","authors":"Kurt Hermentin , Horst Aspöck","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80064-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80064-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a review, past as well as present investigations carried out towards a vaccine against toxoplasmosis are outlined. A historical retrospect of the various immunization experiments is given, recent research projects intending the characterization of antigens that are relevant to host protective immunity are described, and a prospect to future problems and developments expected in the field is drafted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"269 4","pages":"Pages 423-436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80064-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14197328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}