National journal of maxillofacial surgery最新文献

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare pain relief in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with or without lifestyle modification.

Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on patients with TMD, who did not regularly exercise or listen to music. The participants were allocated into two groups. In the treatment group, the participants were instructed to exercise five times or more per week (30 minutes per session) and listen to the music of their choice five times or more per week (15 minutes per session) for 12 weeks. In the control group, the participants had their usual lifestyle without any modifications. The participants were examined for clicking and crepitus in the joint and maximum mouth opening before and after the intervention. The pain severity was also documented based on a visual analog scale.

Results: Thirty five patients were studied in each group. Twelve weeks after the intervention, the mean pain severity was 2.70 ± 0.73 in the treatment group and 4.63 ± 0.77 in the control group. The results of data analysis demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean pain severity at 12 weeks after the intervention (P <.001).

Conclusions: Lifestyle modification through physical exercise and listening to music may reduce pain in TMD patients.

Tooth impaction is a frequent phenomenon, and the prevalence and distribution of this entity in different regions of the jaws may vary considerably. The third molars, maxillary canines, maxillary and mandibular premolars, and maxillary central incisors are the most commonly affected teeth. Impacted teeth in children and adolescents are rarely associated with pathological changes, but the prevalence of problems has been found to increase in later decades. Impacted teeth are commonly asymptomatic and not associated with any pathologic lesions for years. Proliferative potential of various odontogenic lesions were calculated using Ki-67 labeling index calculation, with the highest index of Unicystic Ameloblastoma followed by Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, Unicystic Ameloblastoma, followed by the dental follicle. Ki-67 is a marker of cell proliferation, used as an important diagnostic marker in the pathologic differentiation of various lesions. It is always better to orthodontically treat or extract asymptomatic impacted teeth to avoid or to restrict the proliferative capacity of the dental follicle. Treatment decisions about the third molar have important clinical and cost implications.

A 20-year-old female presents with a painless, progressive, normal color smooth surface sublingual swelling extending to chin that had gradually increased in size over the preceding 2 months, which severely impaired her speech and swallowing. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was suggestive of benign cystic lesion. Following surgical excision, the mass was found to contain a large amount of sebaceous keratin material removed along with the entire capsule of the cyst. Definitive diagnosis was confirmed with histological examination. We report a case of dermoid cyst treated surgically through an intra-oral approach by preserving and relocating the Wharton's duct using micro-surgical repair to the floor of the mouth, thereby leading to a good cosmetic and functional result for the patient.

Since the first reported case in December 2019, COVID-19 has become a worldwide pandemic. Although primarily a zoonotic infection, human-to-human transmission is well reported now and the mode of spread is mainly via respiratory droplets during direct contact or via surfaces contaminated with the virus as it remains viable on the surfaces for a long time. Direct communication and consistent exposure to body fluids such as blood and saliva and the fact that routinely done dental procedures generate aerosols predisposing dental professionals to serious risk for COVID-19 infection. Hence, to ensure the smooth working and safety of dental professionals as well as the patients, a set of directives are of paramount importance. Various guidelines have been released for the efficient operation of dental professionals; however, no such recommendations/directives have been laid out pertaining to dental implants in particular. Here, we are presenting a set of recommendations for managing urgent implant-related treatment procedures.

Osteolytic lesions refer to the destruction of any part of bone due to a disease process (pertaining to dissolution of bone, especially loss of calcium). Osteomyelitis is the inflammation of the bone caused by an infecting organism. Although bone is normally resilient to bacterial colonization, events such as trauma, surgery, infections, the presence of foreign bodies, and anemia may disrupt bony integrity and lead to the onset of bone infections. Sometimes, osteomyelitis causes no signs and symptoms or the signs and symptoms are hard to distinguish from other problems. This may be true for children, older adults, and people whose immune systems are compromised. Here, we report a case of chronic intermedullary inflammation of bone in a child.

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the location and radio morphometric features of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) in patients undergoing rehabilitation of posterior maxilla and other sinus augmentation surgical procedures by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods: A total of 816 CBCT scans were included. Various radio morphometric measurements were done to assess the PSAA location, diameter, and distances to the sinus floor and alveolar crest.

Results: The PSAA was mostly intraosseous in the maximum in the age group 31-51 years (56%), in males (53.4%), and in dentate patients (57.4%). The artery tends to be wider in older patients. Distances to the sinus floor or the alveolar crest tend to be shorter in women.

Conclusions: This study suggests that CBCT is a valuable pre-surgical tool and the evaluation of the PSAA on CBCT images could reduce the likelihood of excess bleeding during surgery in the maxillary posterior region.

Aim: To analyze the effect of the mandatory helmet rule in helmet usage among motorcycle riders and on facial trauma and to determine the significance of difference in the possibility of facial trauma between the helmeted and non-helmeted motorcycle riders.

Setting and design: A retrospective comparative study conducted in a major trauma center at Uttar Pradesh.

Material and method: Data for the present study was obtained from records of the Emergency Department of Trauma Center, for a period of two months before and after the implementation of The Motor Vehicles Act in UP. The study included patients with a history of non-fatal motorcycle accidents who sustained facial injuries regardless of the presence of injuries to other areas of the body during the study period. Information regarding helmet usage during the accident was also recorded. The results were compared between the pre-law period and post-law period.

Statistical analysis used: Sample t-test was applied to find the level of significance.

Results: Out of 219 injured patients, 152 (69.40%) subjects were not wearing helmets, whereas only 67 (30.59%) subjects were wearing helmets. It was observed that around 68.18% of people stated wearing helmets after law implementation with a statistical significance (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion: Our study shows that the mandatory helmet rule with elevated penalty rates has significantly increased the usage of helmet among the motorcycle riders, and it also proves that the possibility of facial trauma is significantly higher in non-helmeted riders when compared to helmeted riders.

Pierre Robin sequence poses a great challenge for anesthesiologists during laryngoscopy and intubation, making oxygenation and ventilation difficult. The role of early surgical intervention is recommended for the improvement of the airway and overall survival of the neonate. The situation becomes even more challenging, when the neonate may not be fit for such surgical interventions. The present case posed such a challenge to the team. To the authors' knowledge, the decision to use a face mask as an interim life-saving measure was considered for the first time. This provided a greater window of opportunity for further course of action, only to be later managed by distraction osteogenesis of the mandible. The unconventional use of orthopedic appliances for the management of threatened airways may provide the clinician with time, where further management may be carried out. The present article will explain such a procedure that was carried out as a life-saving measure.

Condylar osteomyelitis is a long-standing infection of the condylar head of the mandible. The chronic progression of this disease can lead to the destruction of surrounding bony structures and can ultimately affect function. Currently, in English Literature, there have been few cases published on condylar osteomyelitis. Interestingly, regardless of proximity, there have only been two other reported cases of condylar osteomyelitis subsequent to extractions of the upper maxillary third molar. We report a case of a 27-year-old female who presented with an acute episode of condylar osteomyelitis after a simple extraction of an upper left third molar. Several courses of antibiotics did not alleviate her severe trismus, paresthesia, or extensive preauricular collection. Three surgical interventions showed negative growth on numerous swabs. However, CT scans and an MRI confirmed extensive osteomyelitis along the left head, neck, and the angle of the mandible. Following inpatient IV antibiotics, the patient was discharged with a PICC line to allow for long-term treatment. An improvement in function, pain, and swelling was seen on discharge. However, due to the nature of this disease she was monitored for 2 years and due to joint collapse has been listed for alloplastic replacement.

Background: Stature or body height is one of the most important and useful anthropometric parameters which determines the physical identity of an individual. Cranium encompasses hard tissue components with approximately immortal behavior, reason being cranial measurements were selected for the present study for estimation of stature.

Objective: This investigation aimed to assess the stature of unknown using cephalometric parameters by creating equations through regression analysis.

Materials and methods: We selected 361 dental students for the present research; among them, 210 were females and 151 were males in the age range of 21-32 years. Stature and cephalic parameters, i.e., fronto-occipital circumference, head length, and head breadth were measured for each contributor following standard methods and techniques. Cephalic Index was calculated by using the formula: Cephalic Index (CI) = (Head width/Head length) ×100. Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient of stature with cephalic parameters was calculated, and regression analysis was done to generate the formulae for stature estimation.

Results: Results indicated that all cephalic measurements have strong correlation with stature, and among them, circumference of head was found to be the most reliable predictor.

Conclusion: Stature of unknown or deceased can be identified using cephalic parameters as an auxiliary practice.