Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising due to the advantages of metallic zinc, including the high specific capacity (820 mAh g−1), low redox potential (−0.76 V vs. SHE), inherent safety, low cost, and environmental sustainability. Despite these benefits, AZIBs face challenges such as uneven Zn deposition and excessive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the Zn anode, which reduce the battery's coulombic efficiency and cycling life. This study introduces an ammonium formate (AF) additive into a 2.0 M ZnSO4 electrolyte to address these issues. The AF additive promotes the three-dimensional rapid diffusion of Zn2+ on the anode surface and induces the preferential Zn(002) plane deposition, thus inhibiting dendrite growth and enhancing cycling stability. It also disrupts the hydrogen bond network of electrolyte, reducing the number of active H2O molecules and suppressing H2O-induced side reactions. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with the AF additive shows stable cycling over 2100 h at 5.0 mA cm−2 with an areal capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2, and maintains stability over 9700 cycles at 30 mA cm−2. When applied in a Zn||VO2 full cell, it achieves capacity retention of 68.9% after 2000 cycles, which demonstrates significant performance improvements in AZIBs.
由于金属锌具有高比容量（820 mAh g−1）、低氧化还原电位（- 0.76 V vs. SHE）、固有安全性、低成本和环境可持续性等优点，水性锌离子电池（AZIBs）具有广阔的应用前景。尽管有这些优点，azib面临着锌阳极不均匀沉积和过度析氢反应（HER）等挑战，这些问题降低了电池的库仑效率和循环寿命。本研究将甲酸铵（AF）添加剂引入2.0 M ZnSO4电解质中来解决这些问题。AF添加剂促进Zn2+在阳极表面的三维快速扩散，诱导Zn（002）平面优先沉积，从而抑制枝晶生长，提高循环稳定性。它还会破坏电解质的氢键网络，减少活性H2O分子的数量，抑制H2O诱导的副反应。结果表明，含有AF添加剂的Zn||锌对称电池在5.0 mA cm - 2下可稳定循环2100小时，面积容量为1.0 mAh cm - 2，在30 mA cm - 2下可稳定循环9700次。当应用于Zn||VO2满电池时，经过2000次循环后，其容量保持率达到68.9%，这表明azib的性能得到了显著改善。
{"title":"The role of ammonium formate electrolyte additive for aqueous zinc-ion batteries: Inducing Zn(002) deposition and suppressing hydrogen evolution","authors":"Zerui Deng , Xincheng Liang , Xingfa Chen, Yuquan Gou, Anning Wang, Peixin Xie, Qian Liu, Huan Wen, Shibin Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising due to the advantages of metallic zinc, including the high specific capacity (820 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>), low redox potential (−0.76 V <em>vs.</em> SHE), inherent safety, low cost, and environmental sustainability. Despite these benefits, AZIBs face challenges such as uneven Zn deposition and excessive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the Zn anode, which reduce the battery's coulombic efficiency and cycling life. This study introduces an ammonium formate (AF) additive into a 2.0 M ZnSO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte to address these issues. The AF additive promotes the three-dimensional rapid diffusion of Zn<sup>2+</sup> on the anode surface and induces the preferential Zn(002) plane deposition, thus inhibiting dendrite growth and enhancing cycling stability. It also disrupts the hydrogen bond network of electrolyte, reducing the number of active H<sub>2</sub>O molecules and suppressing H<sub>2</sub>O-induced side reactions. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with the AF additive shows stable cycling over 2100 h at 5.0 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> with an areal capacity of 1.0 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>, and maintains stability over 9700 cycles at 30 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. When applied in a Zn||VO<sub>2</sub> full cell, it achieves capacity retention of 68.9% after 2000 cycles, which demonstrates significant performance improvements in AZIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100706"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100700
Irshad Ahmad , Yifei Zhang , Ayman Al-Qattan , S. AlFaify , Gao Li
Plastic pollution and elevated atmospheric CO2 levels remain critical environmental challenges, whereas methane is increasingly recognized as a valuable feedstock for producing high-value chemicals. Photocatalysis offers a promising approach to harness abundant solar energy, converting it into sustainable and eco-friendly chemical energy for applications such as plastic degradation, CO2 reduction, and methane oxidation. ZnO-based composites stand out due to their large surface areas, tunable band structures, and abundant active sites, making them highly suitable for these photocatalytic processes. Nonetheless, pure ZnO is hindered by rapid recombination of photoinduced e−/h+ pairs and limited absorption of visible light, restricting its photocatalytic efficiency. This review explores the fundamental mechanisms, synthesis strategies, and various ZnO-based composite materials that enhance photocatalytic plastic degradation, CO2 conversion, and methane oxidation. Special attention is paid to identifying key challenges and how the formation of ZnO composites addresses these issues within the different catalytic reaction pathways to improve overall photocatalytic activity. Finally, existing challenges and prospective research avenues are discussed to guide future advancements.
{"title":"Unlocking the engineering of solar-driven ZnO composites: From fundaments to sustainable and eco-friendly chemical energy","authors":"Irshad Ahmad , Yifei Zhang , Ayman Al-Qattan , S. AlFaify , Gao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic pollution and elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels remain critical environmental challenges, whereas methane is increasingly recognized as a valuable feedstock for producing high-value chemicals. Photocatalysis offers a promising approach to harness abundant solar energy, converting it into sustainable and eco-friendly chemical energy for applications such as plastic degradation, CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, and methane oxidation. ZnO-based composites stand out due to their large surface areas, tunable band structures, and abundant active sites, making them highly suitable for these photocatalytic processes. Nonetheless, pure ZnO is hindered by rapid recombination of photoinduced e<sup>−</sup>/h<sup>+</sup> pairs and limited absorption of visible light, restricting its photocatalytic efficiency. This review explores the fundamental mechanisms, synthesis strategies, and various ZnO-based composite materials that enhance photocatalytic plastic degradation, CO<sub>2</sub> conversion, and methane oxidation. Special attention is paid to identifying key challenges and how the formation of ZnO composites addresses these issues within the different catalytic reaction pathways to improve overall photocatalytic activity. Finally, existing challenges and prospective research avenues are discussed to guide future advancements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100700"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100713
Linke Zhang , Tao Pang , Lingwei Zeng , Feng Huang , Daqin Chen
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, enabling the conversion of low-energy photons into high-energy ones. This capability has facilitated their extensive application in fields such as bioimaging and information security. Traditional research has primarily focused on steady-state characteristics, with strategies such as core-shell structural design, ion doping, and surface passivation being employed to achieve high-brightness luminescence and color tuning. Over the past decade, the study of non-steady-state characteristics has emerged as a research hotspot and has introduced a new dimension for the dynamic control of luminescence. This review systematically surveys the mechanisms, manipulation strategies, and characterization methods of non-steady-state upconversion luminescence and provides an overview of the latest advancements in its applications, including multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting, full-color volumetric display, velocimetry, photonic coding, and logic operation. Furthermore, this review analyzes the current limitations in studying the non-steady-state characteristics of lanthanide-doped fluoride nanostructures and offers perspectives on future development directions. Collectively, these efforts provide a comprehensive framework of knowledge for the field and lay the foundation for further development and expansion of non-steady-state upconversion technologies. We anticipate that this review will provide fundamental insights and guidance for manipulating upconversion properties, thereby further promoting their applications and advancing non-steady-state upconversion technologies.
{"title":"Recent progress of fluoride core-shell nanocrystals: Manipulating the non-steady-state of upconversion luminescence","authors":"Linke Zhang , Tao Pang , Lingwei Zeng , Feng Huang , Daqin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, enabling the conversion of low-energy photons into high-energy ones. This capability has facilitated their extensive application in fields such as bioimaging and information security. Traditional research has primarily focused on steady-state characteristics, with strategies such as core-shell structural design, ion doping, and surface passivation being employed to achieve high-brightness luminescence and color tuning. Over the past decade, the study of non-steady-state characteristics has emerged as a research hotspot and has introduced a new dimension for the dynamic control of luminescence. This review systematically surveys the mechanisms, manipulation strategies, and characterization methods of non-steady-state upconversion luminescence and provides an overview of the latest advancements in its applications, including multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting, full-color volumetric display, velocimetry, photonic coding, and logic operation. Furthermore, this review analyzes the current limitations in studying the non-steady-state characteristics of lanthanide-doped fluoride nanostructures and offers perspectives on future development directions. Collectively, these efforts provide a comprehensive framework of knowledge for the field and lay the foundation for further development and expansion of non-steady-state upconversion technologies. We anticipate that this review will provide fundamental insights and guidance for manipulating upconversion properties, thereby further promoting their applications and advancing non-steady-state upconversion technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100713"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100699
Yukang Xiong, Lin Lv, Guokun Ma, Hanbin Wang, Houzhao Wan, Hao Wang
Addressing the kinetic limitations of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is paramount for advancing rechargeable Zn-air batteries, thus it is extremely urgent to drive the development of effective and affordable electrocatalysts. This work constructs the interfacial structure of cobalt-iron alloys@phosphates (denoted as CoFe/Co–Fe–PO) as OER catalyst through a two-step approach using water-bath and hydrothermal methods, which demonstrated significant OER activity in alkaline media, requiring a low overpotential of 271 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 and exhibiting a competitive Tafel slope of 65 mV dec−1, alongside sustained operational stability. The enhanced performance can be attributed to the improved electrical conductivity due to the participation of CoFe alloys and the increased number of active sites through partial phosphorylation, which synergistically enhances charge transfer processes and accelerates OER kinetics. Moreover, dynamic structural evolution during OER process was thoroughly probed, and the results show that alloys@phosphates gradually evolve into phosphate radical-modified Co–Fe hydroxyoxides that act as the actual active phase. Highlighting its practical applicability, the integration of prepared catalyst into zinc-air batteries leads to markedly improved performance, thereby offering promising new strategic directions for the development of next-generation OER electrocatalysts.
解决析氧反应（OER）的动力学限制对于推进可充电锌空气电池的发展至关重要，因此推动高效、经济的电催化剂的开发迫在眉睫。本研究通过水浴和水热两步法构建了钴铁alloys@phosphates（表示为CoFe/ Co-Fe-PO）作为OER催化剂的界面结构，该结构在碱性介质中显示出显著的OER活性，需要271 mV的低过电位才能达到10 mA cm - 2，并表现出65 mV dec - 1的竞争Tafel斜率，以及持续的操作稳定性。性能的增强可归因于CoFe合金的参与提高了电导率，并通过部分磷酸化增加了活性位点的数量，从而协同增强了电荷转移过程并加速了OER动力学。此外，对OER过程中的动态结构演化进行了深入的研究，结果表明alloys@phosphates逐渐演化为磷酸基修饰的Co-Fe羟基氧化物作为实际的活性相。将制备好的催化剂集成到锌空气电池中，显著提高了电池的性能，从而为下一代OER电催化剂的发展提供了新的战略方向。
{"title":"Construction and structural evolution of heterostructured cobalt-iron alloys@phosphates as oxygen evolution electrocatalyst toward rechargeable Zn-air battery","authors":"Yukang Xiong, Lin Lv, Guokun Ma, Hanbin Wang, Houzhao Wan, Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the kinetic limitations of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is paramount for advancing rechargeable Zn-air batteries, thus it is extremely urgent to drive the development of effective and affordable electrocatalysts. This work constructs the interfacial structure of cobalt-iron alloys@phosphates (denoted as CoFe/Co–Fe–PO) as OER catalyst through a two-step approach using water-bath and hydrothermal methods, which demonstrated significant OER activity in alkaline media, requiring a low overpotential of 271 mV to achieve 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and exhibiting a competitive Tafel slope of 65 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>, alongside sustained operational stability. The enhanced performance can be attributed to the improved electrical conductivity due to the participation of CoFe alloys and the increased number of active sites through partial phosphorylation, which synergistically enhances charge transfer processes and accelerates OER kinetics. Moreover, dynamic structural evolution during OER process was thoroughly probed, and the results show that alloys@phosphates gradually evolve into phosphate radical-modified Co–Fe hydroxyoxides that act as the actual active phase. Highlighting its practical applicability, the integration of prepared catalyst into zinc-air batteries leads to markedly improved performance, thereby offering promising new strategic directions for the development of next-generation OER electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100699"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100709
Manqi Zhao , Heting Hou , Dehua He , Huimin Liu , Shaoyuan Sun , Dezheng Li , Chao Wang , Yiming Lei
Direct propane dehydrogenation (DPDH) represents a highly attractive route for on-purpose propylene production, a key building block in the petrochemical industry. In particular, among various catalytic platforms, vanadium-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their tunable properties including redox ability, surface acidity, and resistance to coking. Although the catalytic community has obtained great achievement in this area, how to promote vanadium-based catalysts towards the next step in DPDH applications like industrial-level implementations is still challenging. Moreover, there are still several controversial theories in our community, meaning it is necessary to clarify these indistinct points to pave the way for the next generation of research. Herein, the pivotal modification strategies of vanadium-based catalysts have been summarized via introducing representative works. In addition, the current unclear mechanism and research gaps, especially in the issues of deactivation and selectivity control, are also revealed so that the potential research directions are well-founded proposed. By integrating fundamental understanding and practical considerations, this review aims to inspire the further development of vanadium-based DPDH catalysts for in-depth academic research and next-generation industrial deployment.
{"title":"Vanadium-based catalysts for propane direct dehydrogenation to propylene: Modification strategies and research direction","authors":"Manqi Zhao , Heting Hou , Dehua He , Huimin Liu , Shaoyuan Sun , Dezheng Li , Chao Wang , Yiming Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct propane dehydrogenation (DPDH) represents a highly attractive route for on-purpose propylene production, a key building block in the petrochemical industry. In particular, among various catalytic platforms, vanadium-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their tunable properties including redox ability, surface acidity, and resistance to coking. Although the catalytic community has obtained great achievement in this area, how to promote vanadium-based catalysts towards the next step in DPDH applications like industrial-level implementations is still challenging. Moreover, there are still several controversial theories in our community, meaning it is necessary to clarify these indistinct points to pave the way for the next generation of research. Herein, the pivotal modification strategies of vanadium-based catalysts have been summarized via introducing representative works. In addition, the current unclear mechanism and research gaps, especially in the issues of deactivation and selectivity control, are also revealed so that the potential research directions are well-founded proposed. By integrating fundamental understanding and practical considerations, this review aims to inspire the further development of vanadium-based DPDH catalysts for in-depth academic research and next-generation industrial deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100701
Shaomin Liu , Yujuan Zhao , Shijie Li , Zaiwang Zhao
{"title":"Design hydrophobic-internal and hydrophilic-external micropores for the preparation of microporous water","authors":"Shaomin Liu , Yujuan Zhao , Shijie Li , Zaiwang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100701"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100716
Yanping Qiu , Lei Ge
{"title":"Low-coordination Cu3 motif for selective photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to ethanol","authors":"Yanping Qiu , Lei Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100716"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100703
Longhao Hu, Lingshan Gong, Wenlong Ye, Hao Chen, Xiao-Li Lai, Yingxiang Ye
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) represent an innovative category of crystalline porous materials, formed through the self-assembly of organic building blocks via intermolecular hydrogen bonds, along with supplementary interactions such as π-π stacking and van der Waals forces. The relatively weak nature of hydrogen bonding endows HOFs with remarkable structural flexibility and a wide range of functional potential. Among them, luminescent HOFs (LHOFs) not only preserve the inherent luminescent properties of their organic fluorophore components but also exhibit key features characteristic of HOF materials, including porosity, recyclability, solution processability, and exceptional biocompatibility. This review outlines the design principles of LHOFs and explores their most recent applications, such as in sensing, bioimaging, and white-light emission. Lastly, we discuss current challenges and provide an outlook on future research directions in this field.
{"title":"Luminescent hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks: From design to applications","authors":"Longhao Hu, Lingshan Gong, Wenlong Ye, Hao Chen, Xiao-Li Lai, Yingxiang Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) represent an innovative category of crystalline porous materials, formed through the self-assembly of organic building blocks via intermolecular hydrogen bonds, along with supplementary interactions such as π-π stacking and van der Waals forces. The relatively weak nature of hydrogen bonding endows HOFs with remarkable structural flexibility and a wide range of functional potential. Among them, luminescent HOFs (LHOFs) not only preserve the inherent luminescent properties of their organic fluorophore components but also exhibit key features characteristic of HOF materials, including porosity, recyclability, solution processability, and exceptional biocompatibility. This review outlines the design principles of LHOFs and explores their most recent applications, such as in sensing, bioimaging, and white-light emission. Lastly, we discuss current challenges and provide an outlook on future research directions in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100711
Xueyu Man , Guochao Li , Minghui Zhu , Shanhe Li , Gang Xu , Zhenlei Zhang , Hong Liang , Feng Yang
To effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and integrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis and multitarget therapy for orthotopic glioma, we proposed to develop a multinuclear gadolinium (Gd) complex based on apoferritin (AFt). To this end, we rationally designed and synthesized a trinuclear Gd(III) complex (Gd3) with strong T1-weighted MRI performance and remarkable cytotoxicity against glioma cells in vitro. Subsequently, we constructed an AFt-Gd3 nanoparticle (NP) delivery system. AFt-Gd3 NPs not only penetrate BBB but also provide significant T1-weighted MRI contrast for orthotopic glioma while effectively inhibiting glioma growth with minimal side effects in vivo. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism by which AFt-Gd3 NPs inhibit glioma growth: inducing apoptosis through chemodynamic therapy, blocking glutamine metabolism, and inhibiting energy metabolism.
{"title":"Development of a theranostic tri-nuclear gadolinium(III) complex based on apoferritin for multitarget therapy of orthotopic glioma","authors":"Xueyu Man , Guochao Li , Minghui Zhu , Shanhe Li , Gang Xu , Zhenlei Zhang , Hong Liang , Feng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and integrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis and multitarget therapy for orthotopic glioma, we proposed to develop a multinuclear gadolinium (Gd) complex based on apoferritin (AFt). To this end, we rationally designed and synthesized a trinuclear Gd(III) complex (<strong>Gd3</strong>) with strong T<sub>1</sub>-weighted MRI performance and remarkable cytotoxicity against glioma cells <em>in vitro</em>. Subsequently, we constructed an AFt-<strong>Gd3</strong> nanoparticle (NP) delivery system. AFt-<strong>Gd3</strong> NPs not only penetrate BBB but also provide significant T<sub>1</sub>-weighted MRI contrast for orthotopic glioma while effectively inhibiting glioma growth with minimal side effects <em>in vivo</em>. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism by which AFt-<strong>Gd3</strong> NPs inhibit glioma growth: inducing apoptosis through chemodynamic therapy, blocking glutamine metabolism, and inhibiting energy metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100711"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100733
Tianyang Dong , Xingyuan Wen , Xingzhi Wu , Ying Jiang , Chong Wang , Ruizhi Liu , Junyi Li , Wenfa Zhou , Yinglin Song , Xiaofeng Shi , Rui Wen , Chunru Wang , Li Jiang , Chunli Bai
In this paper, the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of covalent organic framework (COF) materials with conjugated amphoteric ion structure are studied for the first time. A highly ordered crystalline ultrathin films of the ionic COF material PySQ-iCOF was successfully fabricated using a solid-liquid interface method, meanwhile the building units extracted to be independent small molecule, 1-PySA, were synthesized for comparative studies. Compared to 1-PySA, PySQ-iCOF possesses not only a larger conjugated system but also exhibits enhanced polarization and charge transfer capabilities. The NLO properties of PySQ-iCOF and the small molecule 1-PySA were investigated using Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 532 nm, revealing the PySQ-iCOF thin film exhibits outstanding NLO performance. Specifically, it demonstrates saturable absorption under nanosecond (ns) pulse laser irradiation (β = −9.59 × 10−6 m/W), while exhibiting reverse saturable absorption under femtosecond (fs) pulse conditions (β = 6.91 × 10−8 m/W). Furthermore, the PySQ-iCOF film exhibits strong negative refractive nonlinearity, −6 × 10−12 m2/W for ns and −3.8 × 10−13 m2/W for fs, respectively. Transient absorption spectroscopy studies indicate that the pulse-width-dependent nonlinear absorption characteristics of the PySQ-iCOF film originate from the generation of triplet excited states. Both nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index of the PySQ-iCOF film surpass those of most reported organic materials measured under comparable conditions, which provides huge potential in all-optical manipulating and switching at the nanoscale as outstanding NLO materials.
{"title":"Ionic covalent organic frameworks enable laser-pulse-duration-dependent high third-order nonlinear optical responses","authors":"Tianyang Dong , Xingyuan Wen , Xingzhi Wu , Ying Jiang , Chong Wang , Ruizhi Liu , Junyi Li , Wenfa Zhou , Yinglin Song , Xiaofeng Shi , Rui Wen , Chunru Wang , Li Jiang , Chunli Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of covalent organic framework (COF) materials with conjugated amphoteric ion structure are studied for the first time. A highly ordered crystalline ultrathin films of the ionic COF material PySQ-iCOF was successfully fabricated using a solid-liquid interface method, meanwhile the building units extracted to be independent small molecule, 1-PySA, were synthesized for comparative studies. Compared to 1-PySA, PySQ-iCOF possesses not only a larger conjugated system but also exhibits enhanced polarization and charge transfer capabilities. The NLO properties of PySQ-iCOF and the small molecule 1-PySA were investigated using Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 532 nm, revealing the PySQ-iCOF thin film exhibits outstanding NLO performance. Specifically, it demonstrates saturable absorption under nanosecond (ns) pulse laser irradiation (<em>β</em> = −9.59 × 10<sup>−6</sup> m/W), while exhibiting reverse saturable absorption under femtosecond (fs) pulse conditions (<em>β</em> = 6.91 × 10<sup>−8</sup> m/W). Furthermore, the PySQ-iCOF film exhibits strong negative refractive nonlinearity, −6 × 10<sup>−12</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/W for ns and −3.8 × 10<sup>−13</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/W for fs, respectively. Transient absorption spectroscopy studies indicate that the pulse-width-dependent nonlinear absorption characteristics of the PySQ-iCOF film originate from the generation of triplet excited states. Both nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index of the PySQ-iCOF film surpass those of most reported organic materials measured under comparable conditions, which provides huge potential in all-optical manipulating and switching at the nanoscale as outstanding NLO materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 10","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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