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Definition of Fatwa, its Importance and Legitimacy 法特瓦的定义、重要性和合法性
Pub Date : 2021-07-25 DOI: 10.46568/ihya.v21i1.95
Khisr Ul Mulk Siddiqi, Asadullah
Abstract Fatwa is required in Shariah because people need it for knowing religious actions, to follow these actions it depends on trueness of Fatwa, the need of Fatwa to people cannot be ignored keeping in view of its need in Human societies and communities while the texts of Shariah are limited and confined cannot relate to all incidents and accidents so the need of Fatwa is like the basic need of Human, while Allah Almighty has said: So ask the people having knowledge if you do not know. (Surah Al-Nahl 43). So Mufti is like star who guides people, hence it is required for a person who wants to become a Mufti having qualities and attributes which is required for Fatwa and to learn rules and regulations, and it is very critical due to the actions and works of people on it, while Fatwa has a great importance in Human societies and especially in modern era due to new and modern issues which cannot be solved except Fatwa so it is necessary for a Mufti to be familiar with Fatwa and the difference between Fatwa and Judgment, due to these factors, I will try to discuss this issue in this article.
文摘追杀令是必需的教法,因为人们需要知道宗教行为,遵守这些行为取决于真实的追杀令,追杀令人们不容忽视的需要保持在人类社会和社区的需要而教法的文献是有限的,在不能与所有事件和事故所以追杀令的需要是人类的基本需要,而万能的安拉说:所以问有知识的人,如果你不知道。(nahl章43)。因此,穆夫提就像指引人们的明星,因此,一个想成为穆夫提的人必须具备法特瓦所要求的品质和属性,并学习规则和条例,由于人们在其中的行为和工作,这是非常关键的,虽然法特瓦在人类社会中非常重要,特别是在现代,由于新的和现代的问题,除了法特瓦无法解决,所以穆夫提有必要熟悉法特瓦以及法特瓦和审判之间的区别,由于这些因素,我将尝试在本文中讨论这个问题。
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引用次数: 0
Madrassa Education System and Political Socialization in Pakistan 巴基斯坦宗教学校教育制度与政治社会化
Pub Date : 2021-07-25 DOI: 10.46568/ihya.v21i1.85
Fauzia Ghani, Bushra Ghani
Madrassa system in Pakistan is providing an alternative mean to education. In Pakistan, different education systems are involved in developing different kinds of social and political beliefs. The most influential of which is madrassa system that is directly affecting the process of political socialization. Being an Islamic state, this system was given much importance after the independence of Pakistan. Islamization policy made religious education more significant. At that time, religious extremism was also increasing in the country. After 9/11 and Enlightenment policy, madrassa system became a controversial system in the world and in Pakistan as well. People now perceive madrassa system as a place of spreading terrorism and extremism. Though, not all the madrassa in Pakistan are involved in extremist militant activities. Most of the madrassas are spreading peace and harmony in the society. This research aims at to analyze the perception of people about madrassa on local and global level. And the most important point is analyzing the impact of madrassa education on its students. But the question arises how does madrassa education is involved in spreading extremism and effecting the social and political beliefs of every individual in the society. The nature of research methodology is qualitative and research design used is content analysis. In this research, the relationship between madrassa education and political socialization is developed where it is directly and indirectly influencing each other and the public specifically. Though, result shows that people still think of Madrassa system as a negative system but now studies show that there are some good and peace loving madrassa as well. But since the religious political parties are affiliated with madrassas, the social and political beliefs are also shaped according to the policies made by religious leaders and Ulma’s showing that religion effects society and politics to a great extent.  
巴基斯坦的Madrassa系统提供了另一种教育方式。在巴基斯坦,不同的教育体系涉及不同类型的社会和政治信仰的发展。其中影响最大的是伊斯兰学校制度,它直接影响着政治社会化的进程。作为一个伊斯兰国家,这一制度在巴基斯坦独立后得到了极大的重视。伊斯兰化政策使得宗教教育更加重要。当时,该国的宗教极端主义也在增加。在9/11事件和启蒙运动之后,伊斯兰学校制度在世界和巴基斯坦都成为一个有争议的制度。人们现在认为伊斯兰学校是传播恐怖主义和极端主义的地方。不过,并非巴基斯坦所有的伊斯兰学校都参与了极端主义武装活动。大多数伊斯兰学校在社会中传播和平与和谐。本研究旨在分析人们在当地和全球层面上对伊斯兰学校的看法。最重要的一点是分析伊斯兰学校教育对学生的影响。但问题是,伊斯兰学校教育是如何参与传播极端主义,并影响社会中每个人的社会和政治信仰的。研究方法的本质是定性的,研究设计使用的是内容分析。在本研究中,madrassa教育与政治社会化之间的关系是直接和间接地相互影响,并具体影响公众。虽然,结果表明人们仍然认为伊斯兰学校是一个消极的系统,但现在的研究表明,也有一些好的、爱好和平的伊斯兰学校。但由于宗教政党隶属于宗教学校,社会和政治信仰也根据宗教领袖和乌尔玛的政策而形成,这表明宗教在很大程度上影响着社会和政治。
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引用次数: 0
The Characteristics of National Leadership for an Islamic State in the Light of Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) 从先知穆罕默德的教诲看伊斯兰国家的国家领导特征
Pub Date : 2021-07-25 DOI: 10.46568/ihya.v21i1.90
Nighat Akram, Abdul Rehman Khan
Allah sent a chain of Prophets with revelations to transfer humanity from a state of jāhiliyya to one of Islam. Allah says in the noble Qur’ān: "I have not created the Jinn and Ins (human beings) except to worship me" (Al-Qur'ān 51:56). Human beings must, therefore, live according to the laws of Allah. This can best be done in the framework of the Islamic state, the natural habitat of Muslims. Strengthen of a state depends upon best qualities of prime leaders. The purpose of this study is to determine the key attributes of the leaders and administrators in the light of the life of Holy Prophet (SAW), The paper has analyzed the concept of leadership as observed through literature survey about the leadership qualities of our beloved Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW), his Sahāba (R.A) by citing Qur’ānic verses and giving the examples from the life of Holy Prophet (SAW). The study has proposed a conceptual framework for an effective leader based upon the characteristics such as firmness, truthfulness, reliability, selflessness, ethics, loyalty to the organization, passion, moderation, humility, fairness and mercy which can be set as a role model for day’s administrators etc.
安拉派遣了一连串的先知,带着启示把人类从jāhiliyya的状态转移到伊斯兰的状态。真主在高贵的古兰经ān中说:“我创造精灵和人类,不是为了让他们崇拜我”(古兰经ān 51:56)。因此,人类必须按照安拉的律法生活。最好在伊斯兰国家的框架内做到这一点,伊斯兰国家是穆斯林的自然栖息地。一个国家的强大取决于领导人的优秀品质。本研究的目的是根据圣先知(SAW)的生活来确定领导者和管理者的关键属性,本文通过对我们敬爱的圣先知哈兹拉特穆罕默德(SAW),他的Sahāba (r.a.)的领导素质的文献调查来分析领导的概念,引用古兰经ānic经文并从圣先知(SAW)的生活中给出例子。本研究以坚定、诚实、可靠、无私、道德、忠于组织、热情、中庸、谦逊、公平、仁慈等特质为基础,提出了一个有效领导者的概念框架,可作为当今管理者的榜样。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical Study of Influences of Western Civilization upon Muslims 西方文明对穆斯林的影响分析研究
Pub Date : 2020-12-29 DOI: 10.46568/ihya.v20i2.55
Hafiz Aijaz Ali, Farooq Hassan
Western civilization has indeed a great influence over the Muslim world. It is a fact that all Muslims should lead their lives according to an Islamic way but unfortunately Muslims consider adopting Western civilization as a key to success, however, this Western influence over the Muslim societies has been brought upon with the help of Western media which is also bound to target Muslims on the other hand and usually portrays a negative image of Muslims. With the help of different social media applications, programs, etc. obscenity and vulgarity have been shown by the Westerners which are clearly forbidden in Islam. So, in today’s world Muslim families are on the verge of social and cultural destruction and they need to know that how they can protect them and their future generations? To answer this vital question, Mawlᾱnᾱ Abū al-Hassan ‘Alī Nadwī’s philosophy, efforts and writings can act as sources of guidance and instruction for the Muslim world as to how Muslims can protect themselves from the wrongful Western influence and the menace the Western media is portraying against Muslims. He had a great concern regarding the Western influence over the Muslim world. In this article, Mawlᾱnᾱ Nadwī’s efforts regarding countering Western influence on the Muslim world are highlighted in detail.
西方文明确实对穆斯林世界有很大的影响。事实上,所有的穆斯林都应该按照伊斯兰的方式生活,但不幸的是,穆斯林认为采用西方文明是成功的关键,然而,西方对穆斯林社会的影响是在西方媒体的帮助下产生的,而西方媒体也必然以穆斯林为目标,通常描绘了穆斯林的负面形象。借助不同的社交媒体应用程序、程序等,西方人表现出了伊斯兰教中明确禁止的淫秽和粗俗。因此,在当今世界,穆斯林家庭正处于社会和文化毁灭的边缘,他们需要知道如何保护他们和他们的后代?为了回答这个至关重要的问题,Mawl - n - abir - al-Hassan ' al ' nadw '的哲学、努力和著作可以作为穆斯林世界的指导和指导来源,告诉穆斯林如何保护自己免受西方的错误影响和西方媒体对穆斯林的威胁。他非常关注西方对穆斯林世界的影响。在这篇文章中,Mawl - n - nadwi在对抗西方对穆斯林世界的影响方面所做的努力得到了详细的强调。
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引用次数: 0
IMPACT OF QUR’ANIC NARRATIVES ON JALAL-UD-DIN RUMI AND ALLAMA IQBAL 《古兰经》叙述对贾拉勒-乌德-丁·鲁米和阿拉玛·伊克巴尔的影响
Pub Date : 2020-12-29 DOI: 10.46568/ihya.v20i2.67
Sardar Muhammad, Nasir Ali Khan
Qur’anic influence on the works of Rumi and Iqbal is equally recognized by poets, critics, and general readers. The researchers have tried to establish Qur’anic influence on their poetic themes, their mystical ideology, and their poetic style. There was a need to explore how the channel of influence from Qur’an to Rumi and Iqbal was completed. The current article examines the extent to which Iqbal’s technique of story writing has been influenced by Rumi’s art of narration inspired from the stories of the Holy Qur’an. The significance of this study can be judged through keeping in view the globally recognized status of both poets. The study is based on Harold Bloom’s model, the Anatomy of Influence. In the light of Bloom’s model, different features of Iqbal’s narratives including, Characters from the Qur’anic Narratives, Retelling the Existing Stories, Figures from the Islamic History, Description of Human Nature, Confrontation of Characters and their dialogues, Expressiveness, and Lack of Formal Style, have been analyzed to trace Rumi’s influence. Surprisingly, Rumi’s impact on all features of Iqbal’s stories has been noticed. It has been concluded that Rumi’s influenced on Iqbal’s narrative technique is confirmed. It has also been established that, Bloom’s model is an appropriate approach for similar research in Comparative study of literatures, religions, and politics.   
《古兰经》对鲁米和伊克巴尔作品的影响同样得到诗人、评论家和普通读者的认可。研究人员试图在他们的诗歌主题、神秘主义思想和诗歌风格中确立《古兰经》的影响。有必要探索从古兰经到鲁米和伊克巴尔的影响渠道是如何完成的。本文考察了伊克巴尔的故事写作技巧在多大程度上受到了鲁米从《古兰经》故事中获得灵感的叙事艺术的影响。这一研究的意义可以通过观察这两位诗人在全球公认的地位来判断。这项研究是基于哈罗德·布鲁姆(Harold Bloom)的影响力解剖模型。根据布鲁姆的模式,分析了伊克巴尔叙事的不同特征,包括《古兰经》叙事中的人物、《现存故事的复述》、《伊斯兰历史中的人物》、《人性描写》、《人物及其对话的对抗》、《表现力》和《形式风格的缺失》,以追溯鲁米的影响。令人惊讶的是,鲁米对伊克巴尔故事的所有特征的影响都被注意到了。结论是鲁米对伊克巴尔叙事手法的影响是肯定的。布鲁姆的模型也被证明是文学、宗教和政治比较研究中类似研究的合适方法。
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引用次数: 1
Al-Ḥadīth al-Mursal According to Imᾱm al-Mizzī in his Book Tuḥfat al-Ashrᾱf, (Descriptive Study) Al-Ḥadīth Al- mursal根据Im□m Al- mizzir在他的著作Tuḥfat Al- ashr□f,(描述性研究)
Pub Date : 2020-12-29 DOI: 10.46568/ihya.v20i2.63
Muhammad Nawaz, Ali Asghar Jisti
Jamāl al-DīnAbū al-ḤajjājYūsuf ibn al-ZakīʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-Mizzī.Was a Syrian muhaddith and the foremost `Ilm al-rijāl Islamic scholar.Al-Mizzī was born near Aleppo in 1256 under the reign of the last Ayyubid emir An-Nasir Yusuf. In his childhood he moved with his family to the village of al-Mizza outside Damascus, where he was educated in Qur’ān and fiqh. In his twenties he began his studies to become a muḥaddith and learned from the masters. He travelled across the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, Syria (الشَّام), and Ḥijāz and became the greatest `Ilm al-rijāl (عِلْمُ الرِّجال) scholar of the Muslim world and an expert grammarian and philologist of Arabic.His famous book is Tuhfatul Ashraf, where he has collected all the Mursal hadiths from the different hadith books. I will discuss in this article what were the method of Imam Mizzi in collecting the hadith.We should know that, Imam Mizzi has not only compiled the Mursal Hadiths here, but also collected the all Maqtoo’ and Maqoof Hadith, and Athar of many Companions. Now question is that, how accurate was he in compiling all those mursal, maktoo’ and maoqoof hadiths? InshaAllah we will be tried to find out its answer here in this article, and we will describe them with examples.
Jamāl al- d nabyal -ḤajjājYūsuf伊本·扎克·阿卜德al-Raḥmān al-米兹。是叙利亚圣战者和最重要的伊尔姆al-rijāl伊斯兰学者。1256年,al - mizzi出生于阿勒颇附近,当时阿尤比王朝末代埃米尔An-Nasir Yusuf在位。童年时,他随家人搬到大马士革郊外的al-Mizza村,在那里他接受了古兰经ān和伊斯兰教的教育。在他二十多岁的时候,他开始学习成为muḥaddith,并向大师学习。他游历了埃及、叙利亚(الشَّام)和Ḥijāz的马穆鲁克苏丹国,成为穆斯林世界最伟大的Ilm al-rijāl (عِلْمُ الرِّجال)学者,也是阿拉伯语的语法专家和语言学家。他著名的书是Tuhfatul Ashraf,他从不同的圣训书中收集了所有的Mursal圣训。我将在这篇文章中讨论伊玛目米兹收集圣训的方法。我们应该知道,伊玛目米兹不仅在这里汇编了默萨尔圣训,而且还收集了所有的马克图和马克夫圣训,以及许多同伴的阿塔尔。现在的问题是,他编纂这些壁画,maktoo '和maooqof圣训的准确性有多高?愿真主保佑,我们将在这篇文章中找到答案,我们将用例子来描述它们。
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引用次数: 0
The Sayyid Qutub and His Criticism on Western Civilization 赛义德·库特布及其对西方文明的批判
Pub Date : 2020-12-29 DOI: 10.46568/ihya.v20i2.70
Muhammad Sharif, Tahira Basharat
Sayyid Qutb was one of the most influential Islamic thinkers of the 20th Century. He fervently believed that Islam should govern the social, economic and political order of the society to improve the human condition and purge ills of society. He emphasizes that Islam must combat any system that usurps God’s sovereignty by giving man power over other men. Qutb argued that a key characteristic in the Islamic society was social justice that did not exist in the West because of its materialistic philosophy of life. He called upon the Muslims to examine Islam’s comprehensive philosophy of the universe, life and human kind. In his view, a clear understanding of the universe, and the harmony between the cosmos and life, would lead Muslims to a deep appreciation of Islam as a religion of unity, encompassing all elements of life.
赛义德·库特布是20世纪最有影响力的伊斯兰思想家之一。他热切地认为,伊斯兰教应该治理社会的社会、经济和政治秩序,以改善人类状况,清除社会弊病。他强调,伊斯兰教必须与任何通过赋予人统治他人的权力来篡夺上帝主权的制度作斗争。库特布认为,伊斯兰社会的一个关键特征是社会公正,这在西方是不存在的,因为西方的生活哲学是唯物主义的。他呼吁穆斯林审视伊斯兰教关于宇宙、生命和人类的全面哲学。在他看来,对宇宙的清晰理解,以及宇宙与生命之间的和谐,将使穆斯林深刻认识到伊斯兰教是一个团结的宗教,涵盖了生活的所有元素。
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引用次数: 0
An Apparition of Innovational Electoral System for Islamic Democracy: 伊斯兰民主选举制度创新的启示
Pub Date : 2020-12-29 DOI: 10.46568/ihya.v20i2.68
Dr. Syed Aftab Alam, A. Bilal
The spirit of true or bad political system can be judged on the basis of transparency, accountability and people-empowerment of its Electoral System. Socio-Political philosophy sketches a candidate for state-governing services should be chaste, learned, genial & well-wisher of humanity and a voter should not be a constrained one. In Pakistan, by rules, an election candidate can contest even from jail, in many constituencies, being too old to death or publically alleged, corrupt, absconder. They need to win election on the power of wealth so after win, they looted public properties. Gradually, due to this coercing atmosphere, almost majority of elected members become quite selfish. Contrarily, a voter cannot vote from Jail, more than one even being so learned or capable or poise. A voter has to caste vote for any one of constant rather he/she does not like them or even a voter can’t caste against them. So it is declared that Pakistani voter is constrained. Ceasing of these candidature gangs and removal of constrained-ness of Pakistani voters is the most essential phase of Pakistani Politics for a transparent, accountable and people-empowered democracy in Pakistan which is analyzed through Islamic Injunctions also. It is needed to develop such innovative Electoral System in which, a selfish person can’t be a contestant and a voter should not be constrained or bound. After a thorough study of electoral frameworks of developed countries, an apparition of revolutionary electoral system has been framed in this article.
政治制度的好坏可以根据其选举制度的透明度、问责制和赋予人民权力来判断。社会政治哲学勾勒出一个国家治理服务的候选人应该是纯洁的、博学的、和蔼的、对人性有良好祝愿的人,而选民不应该是一个受约束的人。在巴基斯坦,根据规定,选举候选人甚至可以在监狱中竞选,在许多选区,年龄太大而不能死亡或被公开指控腐败,潜逃。他们需要凭借财富的力量赢得选举,所以在获胜后,他们掠夺公共财产。渐渐地,由于这种胁迫的气氛,几乎大多数当选成员都变得相当自私。相反,一个选民不能在监狱里投票,即使一个以上的人如此博学、有能力或镇定。选民必须为任何一个人投票,而不是他/她不喜欢他们,甚至选民也不能反对他们。因此,巴基斯坦的选民受到了限制。停止这些候选人帮派和消除对巴基斯坦选民的限制是巴基斯坦政治中最重要的阶段,以实现巴基斯坦透明,负责任和人民赋权的民主,这也通过伊斯兰禁令进行了分析。我们需要建立这样一种创新的选举制度,自私的人不能成为竞争者,选民不应该受到约束或束缚。本文通过对发达国家选举制度的深入研究,勾勒出一幅革命选举制度的图景。
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引用次数: 0
QUR'ᾹN’S PROPHESY FOR ‘MOVING OBJECT’ OF FUTURE Qur 'Ᾱn对未来“移动物体”的预言
Pub Date : 2020-06-23 DOI: 10.46568/ihya.v20i01.74
Noamān Imām
Qur‘ān, the word of Allah (Lord-The Almighty), anticipated some 1400 years ago that a moving object will walk and communicate to humans on its own, called as 'Dāb-bah min al-‘Arḍ’. It further discloses that this will be a moving creature originating from earth and it will appear close to the occurrence of the Day of Judgment.  We hypothesized that this unique prophesy of the Quran; 'Daab-bah min al-‘Arḍ’, in the light of current technology advancements has started to emerge.  We analyzed that the invention of rotatory wheel which created the motion by non-living objects, dates back to 3500 B.C., being one of the first rotatory motions achieved. Presently this invention has been transformed computationally to robots, preprogrammed to move and talk. The evidences have been reported in scientific and scholarly literature which is pointing towards support of the Qur‘ānic foretold in future, not far. We conclude that this Qur‘ānic foretold is may be about the future robot to come, that will be independent to walk and communicate as per its own drive and this shall indicate the culminating point of the world.
古兰经ān,真主(万能之主)的话语,在大约1400年前预言了一个移动的物体将会行走并自己与人类交流,被称为Dāb-bah min al- ' arha '。它进一步透露,这将是一个来自地球的移动生物,它将出现在接近审判日的发生。我们假设《古兰经》这个独特的预言;'Daab-bah min al- ' arha ',鉴于目前的技术进步已经开始出现。我们分析了创造无生命物体运动的转轮的发明,可以追溯到公元前3500年,是最早实现的旋转运动之一。目前,这项发明已经通过计算转化为机器人,预先编程可以移动和说话。科学和学术文献已经报道了证据,这些证据指向了古兰经ānic预言的未来,不久的将来。我们的结论是,《古兰经》ānic预言的可能是未来机器人的到来,它将独立行走,并按照自己的驱动进行交流,这将表明世界的顶峰。
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引用次数: 0
The Importance Of Prophetic Medicine in the Modern Era 预言医学在现代的重要性
Pub Date : 2020-06-23 DOI: 10.46568/ihya.v20i01.87
Dr. Ghazala Aleem
When a man was sent to the earth the first thing, he learnt was the understanding of medicine. The purpose of this knowledge was to protect the health at hand and to retain the health lost in the times of illness. This knowledge then progressed and reached to its highest level with the progress in human civilization. The Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) spread the infinite knowledge of health, fitness, treatments, medications and cleanliness. For the treatments of various diseases, He (P.B.U.H) emphasized on natural remedies and preached meaningful prayers. His remedies were comprised of following characteristics; 1) Prophylaxis, Hygienics, Treatments, Abnegation and Affability towards ill Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)’s methods of treatment were enlightened with Prophethood; therefore there can be no doubt in them not being beneficial. It is incumbent on us to accept with utmost religiosity the methods prescribed by our Prophet (P.B.U.H) and to have firm faith that the health can be achieved and retained upon following these methods. In this modern era Prophet ’s Medicine is 1400 years old and is still valuable and beneficial for the treatment and cure for mankind  
当一个人被送到地球上,他学到的第一件事就是对医学的理解。这种知识的目的是保护手头的健康,并保留在生病时失去的健康。随着人类文明的进步,这种知识不断发展,达到了最高水平。先知穆罕默德(P.B.U.H)传播了关于健康、健身、治疗、药物和清洁的无限知识。对于各种疾病的治疗,他强调自然疗法,并宣扬有意义的祈祷。他的补救措施包括以下特点:1)先知穆罕默德(P.B.U.H)对疾病的预防、卫生、治疗、克制和友善的治疗方法受到先知的启示;因此,毫无疑问,它们是无益的。我们有责任以极大的虔诚接受我的先知(愿主福安之)所规定的方法,并坚信遵循这些方法可以获得和保持健康。在这个现代时代,先知的医学已经有1400年的历史了,对人类的治疗和治愈仍然有价值和有益的
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