Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347003523
T. C. D. Oliveira, M. Barelli, Altacis Junior de Oliveira, Nilo Sander Leal, T. A. Gilio, Rafhael Felipin Azevedo
ABSTRACT The common bean, a legume of significant economic importance, is renowned for its extensive genetic variability. It is crucial to comprehend genetic diversity, analyze population structure, and understand relationships among commercial classes of accessions to facilitate genetic improvement. This study aimed to molecularly characterize 143 common bean accessions by employing 25 SSR molecular markers. The objectives were to estimate genetic diversity, analyze genetic structure, and cluster populations using the UPGMA and PCoA methods. A total of 105 alleles were amplified using microsatellite loci, and the observed heterozygosity was lower than expected across all loci, indicating inbreeding within the populations. Among the loci, 22 were highly informative, demonstrating their effectiveness and polymorphism in detecting genetic diversity. The genetic variability within the population was found to be the highest, while variation between populations was the lowest. The analysis of population structure revealed the presence of three populations with a notable rate of gene introgression. The UPGMA analysis categorized the accessions into 15 groups, but they did not form distinct clusters based on their geographic regions or gene pool. The first two principal coordinates accounted for 13.95% of the total variation among the accessions. The SSR markers employed effectively detected genetic variability among the common bean accessions, revealing that their genetic diversity was not correlated with their geographic distribution in this study.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of common bean accessions using microsatellite markers","authors":"T. C. D. Oliveira, M. Barelli, Altacis Junior de Oliveira, Nilo Sander Leal, T. A. Gilio, Rafhael Felipin Azevedo","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347003523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347003523","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The common bean, a legume of significant economic importance, is renowned for its extensive genetic variability. It is crucial to comprehend genetic diversity, analyze population structure, and understand relationships among commercial classes of accessions to facilitate genetic improvement. This study aimed to molecularly characterize 143 common bean accessions by employing 25 SSR molecular markers. The objectives were to estimate genetic diversity, analyze genetic structure, and cluster populations using the UPGMA and PCoA methods. A total of 105 alleles were amplified using microsatellite loci, and the observed heterozygosity was lower than expected across all loci, indicating inbreeding within the populations. Among the loci, 22 were highly informative, demonstrating their effectiveness and polymorphism in detecting genetic diversity. The genetic variability within the population was found to be the highest, while variation between populations was the lowest. The analysis of population structure revealed the presence of three populations with a notable rate of gene introgression. The UPGMA analysis categorized the accessions into 15 groups, but they did not form distinct clusters based on their geographic regions or gene pool. The first two principal coordinates accounted for 13.95% of the total variation among the accessions. The SSR markers employed effectively detected genetic variability among the common bean accessions, revealing that their genetic diversity was not correlated with their geographic distribution in this study.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347012722
Daniela Delgado, J. I. Costa, Fabiana Garcia Scaloppi
ABSTRACT Biofloc technology (BFT) has several advantages, such as low water supply requirements and apparent feed conversion ratio (FCR), and high densities. However, there is no information on adequate densities and their effect on the large-scale production of different species. In this study, we determined the effects of the stocking density of monosex red tilapia reared using BFT on the growth performance, water quality parameters, and chemical characteristics of fish on a large scale and under culture conditions in eastern Colombia. In total, six circular tanks (diameter: 14 m, height: 1 m, and capacity: 153 m³) were used in this investigation. Two stocking densities were considered: treatment 1 (T30: 30 fish/m³) and treatment 2 (T40: 40 fish/m³), in triplicate. The water quality parameters of the two treatment densities were within the normal ranges for the species, but dissolved oxygen decreased throughout the production process. The T30 and T40 treatments did not result in significant differences in growth performance. At the end of the trial, the FCRs were 1.6 and 1.7 from T30 and T40, respectively. Fishes raised at a lower density had a similar weight gain; however, their final biomass was not significantly different. BFT did not affect the nutritional characteristics of fish; the percentage of protein (%) in tilapia was 17.81% ±1% and 16.72% ±1% in the T30 and T40 groups, respectively. None of the fish were infected by Salmonella spp. or Vibrio cholerae.
{"title":"Stocking density of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) reared in a commercial biofloc system in Colombia","authors":"Daniela Delgado, J. I. Costa, Fabiana Garcia Scaloppi","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347012722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347012722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biofloc technology (BFT) has several advantages, such as low water supply requirements and apparent feed conversion ratio (FCR), and high densities. However, there is no information on adequate densities and their effect on the large-scale production of different species. In this study, we determined the effects of the stocking density of monosex red tilapia reared using BFT on the growth performance, water quality parameters, and chemical characteristics of fish on a large scale and under culture conditions in eastern Colombia. In total, six circular tanks (diameter: 14 m, height: 1 m, and capacity: 153 m³) were used in this investigation. Two stocking densities were considered: treatment 1 (T30: 30 fish/m³) and treatment 2 (T40: 40 fish/m³), in triplicate. The water quality parameters of the two treatment densities were within the normal ranges for the species, but dissolved oxygen decreased throughout the production process. The T30 and T40 treatments did not result in significant differences in growth performance. At the end of the trial, the FCRs were 1.6 and 1.7 from T30 and T40, respectively. Fishes raised at a lower density had a similar weight gain; however, their final biomass was not significantly different. BFT did not affect the nutritional characteristics of fish; the percentage of protein (%) in tilapia was 17.81% ±1% and 16.72% ±1% in the T30 and T40 groups, respectively. None of the fish were infected by Salmonella spp. or Vibrio cholerae.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347012222
Mariano Pereira Noleto, J. A. N. Menezes Júnior, D. Olibone, Simone Daneluz Gobbi, Laerte Gustavo Pivetta, K. J. D. Silva
ABSTRACT Evaluation of genotype x environment interactions is essential in plant breeding aimed at adapting crops to new settings. Considering the need for research on the adaptation of mungbean to grain-production regions of Brazil, this study evaluated the agronomic performance, adaptability, and stability of mungbean production in the mid-north of Mato Grosso using different genotypes. Two experiments (with and without fertilizer application) were carried out in Sorriso and Sinop in 2019 and 2020, totaling eight environments. The treatments were 10 mungbean lines and the control cultivar BRSMG Camaleão. In general, significant differences among the treatments were observed in the yield, mass of 100 grains, and value for cultivation. The genotype x environment interactions were significant for yield. On average, the yield was in the range of 734-1305 kg ha-1, the mass of 100 grains was 4.63-6.56 g, and the value for cultivation was 2.08-3.56. Genotypes BRA-08654-1, BRA-000027, BRA-084654-2, and BG3 combined high average yield and mass of 100 grains. These genotypes also showed good adaptability for cultivation in the mid-north of Mato Grosso. The yellow seed-coated genotype BRA-084689 also showed good agronomic performance and adaptability. Genotypes BRA-08654-1, BRA-000027, BRA-084654-2, BRA-084689, and BG3 are promising for further experiments evaluating the value for cultivation and use, the final breeding stage consisting of tests at a national level.
{"title":"Adaptability and stability of mungbean genotypes in the Mid-North of Mato Grosso, Brazil","authors":"Mariano Pereira Noleto, J. A. N. Menezes Júnior, D. Olibone, Simone Daneluz Gobbi, Laerte Gustavo Pivetta, K. J. D. Silva","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347012222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347012222","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Evaluation of genotype x environment interactions is essential in plant breeding aimed at adapting crops to new settings. Considering the need for research on the adaptation of mungbean to grain-production regions of Brazil, this study evaluated the agronomic performance, adaptability, and stability of mungbean production in the mid-north of Mato Grosso using different genotypes. Two experiments (with and without fertilizer application) were carried out in Sorriso and Sinop in 2019 and 2020, totaling eight environments. The treatments were 10 mungbean lines and the control cultivar BRSMG Camaleão. In general, significant differences among the treatments were observed in the yield, mass of 100 grains, and value for cultivation. The genotype x environment interactions were significant for yield. On average, the yield was in the range of 734-1305 kg ha-1, the mass of 100 grains was 4.63-6.56 g, and the value for cultivation was 2.08-3.56. Genotypes BRA-08654-1, BRA-000027, BRA-084654-2, and BG3 combined high average yield and mass of 100 grains. These genotypes also showed good adaptability for cultivation in the mid-north of Mato Grosso. The yellow seed-coated genotype BRA-084689 also showed good agronomic performance and adaptability. Genotypes BRA-08654-1, BRA-000027, BRA-084654-2, BRA-084689, and BG3 are promising for further experiments evaluating the value for cultivation and use, the final breeding stage consisting of tests at a national level.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67206048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347002223
Y. Şavşatlı
ABSTRACT Serapias vomeracea is an economically valuable plant belonging to the Orchidaceae family; particularly, its tubers are consumed as hot drinks. Past studies on S. vomeracea have focused on volatile components only in the aerial parts of this orchid. This study is the first to investigate the volatile compounds present in S. vomeracea tubers, which have a high commercial value. Additionally, we determined the effect of harvest time and drying method on the volatile compound profile. The tubers were harvested on two different days (May 17, 2022, and June 6, 2022) and subjected to four different drying conditions (shade drying, oven drying, shade drying after boiling, and lyophilizer drying). To determine the volatile compound profile, sample extracts were prepared by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Overall, 22 volatile compounds were identified: 3 esters, 3 aldehydes, 3 alcohols, 3 terpenes, 3 alkanes, 3 carboxylic acids, 1 phenol, 1 ketone, 1 lactone, and 1 furan. The results revealed that p-cresol was the main compound. During harvesting and subsequent drying, some compounds were lost, and some new compounds were formed. Moreover, harvest time had quite limited effects on volatile compounds in the lyophilizer method. Cluster analysis revealed that the combination of harvest time and drying was effective in the distribution of volatile compounds in salep powder.
{"title":"Identification of volatile compounds in salep (Serapias vomeracea) tubers and effects of harvest time and drying method on composition variation","authors":"Y. Şavşatlı","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347002223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347002223","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Serapias vomeracea is an economically valuable plant belonging to the Orchidaceae family; particularly, its tubers are consumed as hot drinks. Past studies on S. vomeracea have focused on volatile components only in the aerial parts of this orchid. This study is the first to investigate the volatile compounds present in S. vomeracea tubers, which have a high commercial value. Additionally, we determined the effect of harvest time and drying method on the volatile compound profile. The tubers were harvested on two different days (May 17, 2022, and June 6, 2022) and subjected to four different drying conditions (shade drying, oven drying, shade drying after boiling, and lyophilizer drying). To determine the volatile compound profile, sample extracts were prepared by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Overall, 22 volatile compounds were identified: 3 esters, 3 aldehydes, 3 alcohols, 3 terpenes, 3 alkanes, 3 carboxylic acids, 1 phenol, 1 ketone, 1 lactone, and 1 furan. The results revealed that p-cresol was the main compound. During harvesting and subsequent drying, some compounds were lost, and some new compounds were formed. Moreover, harvest time had quite limited effects on volatile compounds in the lyophilizer method. Cluster analysis revealed that the combination of harvest time and drying was effective in the distribution of volatile compounds in salep powder.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347001423
S. D. Sarria, José Igor Hleap Zapata, Armando Alvis Bermúdez
ABSTRACT One of the main, most effective and economical techniques used in the preservation of fresh fruits is the edible coatings. We applied 0.53% and 2.52% avocado oil coatings to ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes at ripening stage 2. The treatment control comprised uncoated mangoes. The fruits were stored at 15 °C ±2°C and 80% ±5% relative humidity (RH) and at ambient conditions of 26 °C ±2°C and 75% ±5% RH for 24 days. Several physicochemical parameters (pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, firmness, and weight loss), color-related characteristics, and microbiological and sensory characteristics were periodically analyzed. The results indicated that the combined effect of 2.52% avocado oil coating and refrigerated storage at 15 °C ±2°C and 80% ±5% RH led to a decrease in water loss (by 20%) at the end of the storage period, delayed mango senescence, inhibited microbial growth (indicated by the absence of molds and Escherichia coli), and did not influence sensory attributes of the fruit. Thus, avocado oil coating might be used to preserve the fruit for up to 24 days.
{"title":"Edible coatings with avocado oil on the quality of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes","authors":"S. D. Sarria, José Igor Hleap Zapata, Armando Alvis Bermúdez","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347001423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347001423","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One of the main, most effective and economical techniques used in the preservation of fresh fruits is the edible coatings. We applied 0.53% and 2.52% avocado oil coatings to ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes at ripening stage 2. The treatment control comprised uncoated mangoes. The fruits were stored at 15 °C ±2°C and 80% ±5% relative humidity (RH) and at ambient conditions of 26 °C ±2°C and 75% ±5% RH for 24 days. Several physicochemical parameters (pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, firmness, and weight loss), color-related characteristics, and microbiological and sensory characteristics were periodically analyzed. The results indicated that the combined effect of 2.52% avocado oil coating and refrigerated storage at 15 °C ±2°C and 80% ±5% RH led to a decrease in water loss (by 20%) at the end of the storage period, delayed mango senescence, inhibited microbial growth (indicated by the absence of molds and Escherichia coli), and did not influence sensory attributes of the fruit. Thus, avocado oil coating might be used to preserve the fruit for up to 24 days.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347018722
M. J. N. Martins, M. A. R. Sanches, T. C. Polachini, E. B. Oliveira, J. Coimbra, J. Telis‐Romero
ABSTRACT Saturated salt solutions produce environments with specific relative humidities used in several applications, such as determining water sorption isotherms of foods. However, the preparation of saturated solutions requires knowledge of solubility data. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the solubility of 14 salts: lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium iodide (LiI), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), sodium iodide (NaI), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2), sodium bromide (NaBr), potassium iodide (KI), sodium chloride (NaCl), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium nitrate (KNO3), and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) in the temperature range of 275.15 to 363.15 K at 101.3 kPa. The apparatus for the solubility determination consists of a jacketed glass cell and a magnetic stirrer. Furthermore, polynomial and exponential empirical models were fitted to the observed data to determine salt solubilities. Salt solubilities ranged from 7.39 to 80.41 g of salt·(100 g of solution)-1. Sodium iodide (NaI) presented the highest (p<0.05) solubility, up to 343.15 K, and lithium iodide (LiI) up to 363.15 K. The specific equilibrium moistures afforded by saturated saline solutions were associated with water activity data. A general mathematical model to determine the solubility of different salts was not obtained because the dissolution behaviors of each salt are distinct. However, the availability of solubility data of saline solutions covering a wide range of temperatures is helpful since the salts have different behavior.
{"title":"Solubility of different salts used in the control of the water activity of foods","authors":"M. J. N. Martins, M. A. R. Sanches, T. C. Polachini, E. B. Oliveira, J. Coimbra, J. Telis‐Romero","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347018722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347018722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Saturated salt solutions produce environments with specific relative humidities used in several applications, such as determining water sorption isotherms of foods. However, the preparation of saturated solutions requires knowledge of solubility data. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the solubility of 14 salts: lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium iodide (LiI), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), sodium iodide (NaI), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2), sodium bromide (NaBr), potassium iodide (KI), sodium chloride (NaCl), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium nitrate (KNO3), and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) in the temperature range of 275.15 to 363.15 K at 101.3 kPa. The apparatus for the solubility determination consists of a jacketed glass cell and a magnetic stirrer. Furthermore, polynomial and exponential empirical models were fitted to the observed data to determine salt solubilities. Salt solubilities ranged from 7.39 to 80.41 g of salt·(100 g of solution)-1. Sodium iodide (NaI) presented the highest (p<0.05) solubility, up to 343.15 K, and lithium iodide (LiI) up to 363.15 K. The specific equilibrium moistures afforded by saturated saline solutions were associated with water activity data. A general mathematical model to determine the solubility of different salts was not obtained because the dissolution behaviors of each salt are distinct. However, the availability of solubility data of saline solutions covering a wide range of temperatures is helpful since the salts have different behavior.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67206946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347013422
F. L. Theodoro, A. C. Sanches, T. A. C. D. Cruz, R. Santos, D. L. Flumignan, F. L. F. Jesus
ABSTRACT Surface runoff monitoring is important for the sustainable management of global water resources. Obtaining a practical and inexpensive method for collecting data in the field can help to better understand surface runoff and its effects, necessary for the management of watersheds. This study sought to elaborate the calibration curves of the ultrasonic sensor due to temperature variability, verifying the inaccuracy of the distance between objects and the sensor, and determining the feasibility of using low-cost sensors in an in-loco experiment installed on Parshall flumes. The experiment was conducted on the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil. The data were collected by twelve HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensors , which were coupled to a data acquisition system composed of an expansion board connected to a Raspberry minicomputer. Sensor calibration using temperature data resulted in the error correction of ± 8.0 mm of distance reading. On the other hand, the R2 of the comparison curves between sensor and control system (laser distance meter and ruler in the flume) resulted in high values (above 0.95), showing the feasibility of its use and meeting the specifications for use in the field subject to weather conditions. This study demonstrates the performance of ultrasonic sensors as a potential for new application to evaluate surface runoff aiming to propose new runoff coefficients.
{"title":"Low-cost ultrasonic sensors for in-field experimentation data collection","authors":"F. L. Theodoro, A. C. Sanches, T. A. C. D. Cruz, R. Santos, D. L. Flumignan, F. L. F. Jesus","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347013422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347013422","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Surface runoff monitoring is important for the sustainable management of global water resources. Obtaining a practical and inexpensive method for collecting data in the field can help to better understand surface runoff and its effects, necessary for the management of watersheds. This study sought to elaborate the calibration curves of the ultrasonic sensor due to temperature variability, verifying the inaccuracy of the distance between objects and the sensor, and determining the feasibility of using low-cost sensors in an in-loco experiment installed on Parshall flumes. The experiment was conducted on the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil. The data were collected by twelve HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensors , which were coupled to a data acquisition system composed of an expansion board connected to a Raspberry minicomputer. Sensor calibration using temperature data resulted in the error correction of ± 8.0 mm of distance reading. On the other hand, the R2 of the comparison curves between sensor and control system (laser distance meter and ruler in the flume) resulted in high values (above 0.95), showing the feasibility of its use and meeting the specifications for use in the field subject to weather conditions. This study demonstrates the performance of ultrasonic sensors as a potential for new application to evaluate surface runoff aiming to propose new runoff coefficients.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347015022
Raissa Homem Gonçalves, J. C. A. Nóbrega, Davi Ney Santos, R. B. Silva, A. Ajayi, J. M. Lima
ABSTRACT Consolidation tests give important insights into soil compactibility. However, it requires equipment that is not always available. The costal tablelands in Northeastern Brazil have extensive areas of cohesive soils where compaction is an expressive problem. This region is a prominent producer of food and fibers with cassava as one of the leading products. Part of the cassava is used for flour production, generating wastewater, which is often applied as organic fertilizer to the soil. This can affect the compaction properties of soil due to its dispersing-flocculating characteristics. Uniaxial-compression tests and mathematical models are the primary methods to measure or estimate soil compaction. This study measured soil compression with a centrifuge, seeking a simple-quick method. We used specific loads (stainless-steel cylinders: mass) and increasing G-force (weight) to simulate the pressure on the samples used in most consolidation apparatus. Soils, sampling layers, and the presence of cassava wastewater (manipueira) were also compared since they may affect compactibility-related attributes. Samples of a Gray Cohesive Argisol and Dystrocohesive Yellow Latosol (depths of 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m) from the Tablelands of the state of Bahia, Brazil, were used. Wastewater affected water-dispersible clay, aggregate stability, pH, ∆pH, flocculation, and organic carbon, thus influencing compactibility but not the moisture and maximum density measured by the Proctor test. Centrifugation caused lower density than the Proctor test. The results were close to those estimated by the mathematical models, thus considered a promising alternative to estimating consolidation. This method also provides insight into the root growth-limiting density and the moisture content that leads to it.
{"title":"Compactibility of cohesive soils from tablelands as influenced by cassava wastewater","authors":"Raissa Homem Gonçalves, J. C. A. Nóbrega, Davi Ney Santos, R. B. Silva, A. Ajayi, J. M. Lima","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347015022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347015022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Consolidation tests give important insights into soil compactibility. However, it requires equipment that is not always available. The costal tablelands in Northeastern Brazil have extensive areas of cohesive soils where compaction is an expressive problem. This region is a prominent producer of food and fibers with cassava as one of the leading products. Part of the cassava is used for flour production, generating wastewater, which is often applied as organic fertilizer to the soil. This can affect the compaction properties of soil due to its dispersing-flocculating characteristics. Uniaxial-compression tests and mathematical models are the primary methods to measure or estimate soil compaction. This study measured soil compression with a centrifuge, seeking a simple-quick method. We used specific loads (stainless-steel cylinders: mass) and increasing G-force (weight) to simulate the pressure on the samples used in most consolidation apparatus. Soils, sampling layers, and the presence of cassava wastewater (manipueira) were also compared since they may affect compactibility-related attributes. Samples of a Gray Cohesive Argisol and Dystrocohesive Yellow Latosol (depths of 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m) from the Tablelands of the state of Bahia, Brazil, were used. Wastewater affected water-dispersible clay, aggregate stability, pH, ∆pH, flocculation, and organic carbon, thus influencing compactibility but not the moisture and maximum density measured by the Proctor test. Centrifugation caused lower density than the Proctor test. The results were close to those estimated by the mathematical models, thus considered a promising alternative to estimating consolidation. This method also provides insight into the root growth-limiting density and the moisture content that leads to it.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67206255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347018922
R. D. Pinheiro, G. I. Gadotti, Ruan Bernardy, Rafael Rico Tim, Karine Von Ahn Pinto, Graciela Buck
ABSTRACT Analyzing the impact of harvest-time drying data is crucial for successful storage and maintaining regulatory seed quality. This study aimed to assess the performance of fixed and mobile dryers using machine learning techniques. Data were collected from convective dryers, including the total number of dryers used, drying time (in hours), moisture percentages at the product’s entrance and exit, and the humidity difference between them. The study employed the Filtered Clusterer model, which utilizes the Simple K-Means technique and the Resample filter to group data based on similarities. The findings indicated distinct differences between fixed and mobile drying systems, with well-defined variations within each system. The algorithm, combined with the applied filters, proved effective in unsupervised classification by identifying and reducing inter-cluster similarity within the fixed system, thereby creating distinct classes within the dataset. In conclusion, the algorithm successfully clustered the scattered dataset and accurately classified and minimized inter-cluster similarity within the fixed system. Conversely, the mobile system exhibited low drying efficiency.
{"title":"Computer vision by unsupervised machine learning in seed drying process","authors":"R. D. Pinheiro, G. I. Gadotti, Ruan Bernardy, Rafael Rico Tim, Karine Von Ahn Pinto, Graciela Buck","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347018922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347018922","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Analyzing the impact of harvest-time drying data is crucial for successful storage and maintaining regulatory seed quality. This study aimed to assess the performance of fixed and mobile dryers using machine learning techniques. Data were collected from convective dryers, including the total number of dryers used, drying time (in hours), moisture percentages at the product’s entrance and exit, and the humidity difference between them. The study employed the Filtered Clusterer model, which utilizes the Simple K-Means technique and the Resample filter to group data based on similarities. The findings indicated distinct differences between fixed and mobile drying systems, with well-defined variations within each system. The algorithm, combined with the applied filters, proved effective in unsupervised classification by identifying and reducing inter-cluster similarity within the fixed system, thereby creating distinct classes within the dataset. In conclusion, the algorithm successfully clustered the scattered dataset and accurately classified and minimized inter-cluster similarity within the fixed system. Conversely, the mobile system exhibited low drying efficiency.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67207187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347008222
D. Lambrecht, M. Diel, A. D. Lúcio, A. Tischler, J. Sgarbossa, M. Peripolli
ABSTRACT Pisum sativum L. is a multi-purpose crop. The duration of its vegetative and reproductive periods is determined by a combination of temperature and humidity and genotype response to these conditions. To minimize the loss of productivity due to adverse conditions in sensitive periods of the crop, we evaluated the phenological development and production of Pisum sativum L. in different growing seasons. We used a randomized block design, and the experiments were conducted across five growing seasons, with four replications and eight plants per experimental unit. The variables analyzed were as follows: plastochron, number of days to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, the accumulated thermal sum to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, and the number of pods, pod mass, and total productivity per unit area. The analysis of variance was performed, and the mean values of the data were compared using the Scott-Knott test. Principal component analysis was also performed from Pearson’s correlation matrix of phenological and production variables. In seasons 1, 4, and 5, the plants reached full flowering earlier, and the pod mass was considerably lower, resulting in lower yields. Seasons 2 and 3 were the most productive and showed lower results for plastochron, less thermal sum until full flowering, and a shorter photoperiod, which, combined with low temperatures during the growing season, resulted in a longer cultivation cycle.
{"title":"Plastochron, phenology, and production of green pea in different growing seasons","authors":"D. Lambrecht, M. Diel, A. D. Lúcio, A. Tischler, J. Sgarbossa, M. Peripolli","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347008222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347008222","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pisum sativum L. is a multi-purpose crop. The duration of its vegetative and reproductive periods is determined by a combination of temperature and humidity and genotype response to these conditions. To minimize the loss of productivity due to adverse conditions in sensitive periods of the crop, we evaluated the phenological development and production of Pisum sativum L. in different growing seasons. We used a randomized block design, and the experiments were conducted across five growing seasons, with four replications and eight plants per experimental unit. The variables analyzed were as follows: plastochron, number of days to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, the accumulated thermal sum to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, and the number of pods, pod mass, and total productivity per unit area. The analysis of variance was performed, and the mean values of the data were compared using the Scott-Knott test. Principal component analysis was also performed from Pearson’s correlation matrix of phenological and production variables. In seasons 1, 4, and 5, the plants reached full flowering earlier, and the pod mass was considerably lower, resulting in lower yields. Seasons 2 and 3 were the most productive and showed lower results for plastochron, less thermal sum until full flowering, and a shorter photoperiod, which, combined with low temperatures during the growing season, resulted in a longer cultivation cycle.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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