Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347009122
Ana Patrícia Lima Sampaio, J. Aguilera, A. Mendes, Leandris Argentel-Martínez, A. M. Zuffo, P. Teodoro
ABSTRACT Peppers need to be characterized for the in situ conservation of species that might be important for breeding purposes. In this study, we characterized the diversity of 23 pepper genotypes through eight qualitative and 12 quantitative descriptors. The pepper samples were collected from the city of Manaus and in the municipalities of Rio Preto da Eva and Iranduba in the state of Amazonas. We performed descriptive analysis, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) and used the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) to analyze the data. The differences between the genotypes for all descriptors evaluated were significant. Among the genotypes collected, four pepper species were identified, including Capsicum chinense (14 genotypes), Capsicum frutescens (two genotypes), Capsicum baccatum (one genotype), and Capsicum annuum (four genotypes), and two other genotypes were obtained with unidentified species. The PCA and UPGMA clustering methods could be used to efficiently differentiate between the genotypes by applying quantitative and qualitative descriptors of fruits and seeds. These methods helped to identify different genotypes (G1 and G15) and separate them into distinct groups associated with the distribution of species based on quantitative data only. Overall, our findings suggested that the genetic variability in Capsicum available in the State of Amazonas might be useful in breeding programs.
{"title":"The role of the genetic diversity of Capsicum spp. in the conservation of the species: Qualitative and quantitative characterization","authors":"Ana Patrícia Lima Sampaio, J. Aguilera, A. Mendes, Leandris Argentel-Martínez, A. M. Zuffo, P. Teodoro","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347009122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347009122","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Peppers need to be characterized for the in situ conservation of species that might be important for breeding purposes. In this study, we characterized the diversity of 23 pepper genotypes through eight qualitative and 12 quantitative descriptors. The pepper samples were collected from the city of Manaus and in the municipalities of Rio Preto da Eva and Iranduba in the state of Amazonas. We performed descriptive analysis, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) and used the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) to analyze the data. The differences between the genotypes for all descriptors evaluated were significant. Among the genotypes collected, four pepper species were identified, including Capsicum chinense (14 genotypes), Capsicum frutescens (two genotypes), Capsicum baccatum (one genotype), and Capsicum annuum (four genotypes), and two other genotypes were obtained with unidentified species. The PCA and UPGMA clustering methods could be used to efficiently differentiate between the genotypes by applying quantitative and qualitative descriptors of fruits and seeds. These methods helped to identify different genotypes (G1 and G15) and separate them into distinct groups associated with the distribution of species based on quantitative data only. Overall, our findings suggested that the genetic variability in Capsicum available in the State of Amazonas might be useful in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347007522
R. B. Barbosa, G. F. Alvarenga, V. Ferreira, W. D. Santiago, D. Nelson, M. Cardoso
ABSTRACT The production of cachaça in Brazil is a historical and cultural practice that has been gaining ground in the commercial sector with the marketing of its product with new labels, derivatives and different types of packaging for the beverage. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) packaging has been used by some producers because of its lower cost and greater durability for transport. The influence of storage on 15 samples of commercial cachaça packed in polymeric packaging was investigated. The physical-chemical quality and the presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s) in the beverages were evaluated. Of these samples, 60% contained concentrations of components that were outside the limits of the Quality Standards established by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), and most of the samples contained low alcohol concentrations. The samples showed concentrations of ethyl carbamate below the limit established by MAPA (210 µg L-1). All samples studied contained concentrations of PAHs higher than those found in the literature for cachaça stored in other types of packages. Contamination by PAHs can be associated with the thermal processes involved in the production of packages. Sample R12 contained the highest total concentration of the PAHs (20.90 µg L-1), followed by samples R7 (17.23 µg L-1) and R8 (17.61 µg L-1). The mean concentration was 10.91 µg L-1. Fluorene was the PAH found in the largest quantity with a concentration of 18.61 µg L-1 in the R12 sample. Therefore, cachaças stored in PET packaging are unsuitable for consumption and commercialization, as they present high concentrations of contaminants.
{"title":"Cachaça sold in polyethylene terephthalate packaging: Determination of the physical-chemical profile, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ethyl carbamate","authors":"R. B. Barbosa, G. F. Alvarenga, V. Ferreira, W. D. Santiago, D. Nelson, M. Cardoso","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347007522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347007522","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The production of cachaça in Brazil is a historical and cultural practice that has been gaining ground in the commercial sector with the marketing of its product with new labels, derivatives and different types of packaging for the beverage. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) packaging has been used by some producers because of its lower cost and greater durability for transport. The influence of storage on 15 samples of commercial cachaça packed in polymeric packaging was investigated. The physical-chemical quality and the presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s) in the beverages were evaluated. Of these samples, 60% contained concentrations of components that were outside the limits of the Quality Standards established by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), and most of the samples contained low alcohol concentrations. The samples showed concentrations of ethyl carbamate below the limit established by MAPA (210 µg L-1). All samples studied contained concentrations of PAHs higher than those found in the literature for cachaça stored in other types of packages. Contamination by PAHs can be associated with the thermal processes involved in the production of packages. Sample R12 contained the highest total concentration of the PAHs (20.90 µg L-1), followed by samples R7 (17.23 µg L-1) and R8 (17.61 µg L-1). The mean concentration was 10.91 µg L-1. Fluorene was the PAH found in the largest quantity with a concentration of 18.61 µg L-1 in the R12 sample. Therefore, cachaças stored in PET packaging are unsuitable for consumption and commercialization, as they present high concentrations of contaminants.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347011922
Altacis Junior de Oliveira, M. Barelli, T. C. D. Oliveira, N. L. Sander, Rafhael Felipin Azevedo, C. R. D. Silva
ABSTRACT The safflower is an oleaginous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is used as a raw material for various purposes. These plants are popular for the quality and quantity of oil produced and, and thus, studying their genetic variability using markers is necessary for determining genetic resources to conduct breeding programs. Therefore, we evaluated the genetic variability of safflower genotypes using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers. The study was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso “Carlos Alberto Reyes Maldonado”, in the Campus of Cáceres-MT. In total, 121 safflower genotypes from the Germplasm collection were evaluated using 21 SSR markers. The programs GenAlEx 6.5, GENES, and Structure were used to analyze the data. We identified 158 alleles at 21 loci among the genotypes. The expected heterozygosity (He) was high (0.551 - 0.804), but the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was low (0.000 - 0.502), and the indices of the endogamy coefficient (F) were positive in all loci and all populations, with an overall average of 0.958. The genetic differentiation (FST) values among populations were low, with an average of 0.010, which suggested a low population structure. The modified Tocher clustering and the UPGMA hierarchical clustering yielded 19 and 15 distinct groups, respectively. The genetic structure showed two populations, with few intermixes in the genome. The evaluated safflower genotypes showed genetic variability, and these genetically different variants might be used in breeding programs to obtain cultivars adapted to Brazil.
{"title":"Genetic variability in genotypes of safflower via SSR molecular marker","authors":"Altacis Junior de Oliveira, M. Barelli, T. C. D. Oliveira, N. L. Sander, Rafhael Felipin Azevedo, C. R. D. Silva","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347011922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347011922","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The safflower is an oleaginous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is used as a raw material for various purposes. These plants are popular for the quality and quantity of oil produced and, and thus, studying their genetic variability using markers is necessary for determining genetic resources to conduct breeding programs. Therefore, we evaluated the genetic variability of safflower genotypes using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers. The study was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso “Carlos Alberto Reyes Maldonado”, in the Campus of Cáceres-MT. In total, 121 safflower genotypes from the Germplasm collection were evaluated using 21 SSR markers. The programs GenAlEx 6.5, GENES, and Structure were used to analyze the data. We identified 158 alleles at 21 loci among the genotypes. The expected heterozygosity (He) was high (0.551 - 0.804), but the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was low (0.000 - 0.502), and the indices of the endogamy coefficient (F) were positive in all loci and all populations, with an overall average of 0.958. The genetic differentiation (FST) values among populations were low, with an average of 0.010, which suggested a low population structure. The modified Tocher clustering and the UPGMA hierarchical clustering yielded 19 and 15 distinct groups, respectively. The genetic structure showed two populations, with few intermixes in the genome. The evaluated safflower genotypes showed genetic variability, and these genetically different variants might be used in breeding programs to obtain cultivars adapted to Brazil.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347006622
A. Litvinovich, A. Lavrishchev, V. Bure, Aigul Zhapparova, Gulnur Kekilbayeva, E. Saljnikov
ABSTRACT The dumps of dolomite dropouts from road construction occupy huge arable areas in north-western Russia. Although coarse dolomite particles neglected as a liming material due to its slow solubility, we hypothesise that they can serve as a cheap and long-lasting liming material. The weight loss of dolomite particles of various sizes from the dump applied to Albic Retisol and its effect on assimilation of Ca and Mg by barley and wheat were studied. The pot experiment with 300 g soil was conducted for 30 days in a laboratory phytotron. Results showed that coarse particles of dolomite waste had a positive effect on soil acidity already at the initial phases of the experiment. In the process of dissolution of dolomite, all forms of soil acidity decreased. The cultivation of barley had a stronger effect on the dissolution of dolomite particles than the cultivation of wheat. Barley plants accumulated Ca by 1.1-1.4 times higher than wheat, other factors being identical. The relationship between the yield of green biomass and the accumulation of calcium and magnesium in the plants were empirically described using regression analysis. Results of this preliminary study showed that the by-products from dolomite stone processing can be effectively used for reclamation of strongly acidic soil in north-western Russia. This has the dual benefit of reducing the burden on the environment and reclaiming acidic soils. Further studies should include soil microbiological and biological parameters to trace the effect of root activities and dolomite dissolution rate on a field scale.
{"title":"Impact of dolomite rock waste on soil acidity and absorption of Ca and Mg by barley and wheat","authors":"A. Litvinovich, A. Lavrishchev, V. Bure, Aigul Zhapparova, Gulnur Kekilbayeva, E. Saljnikov","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347006622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347006622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The dumps of dolomite dropouts from road construction occupy huge arable areas in north-western Russia. Although coarse dolomite particles neglected as a liming material due to its slow solubility, we hypothesise that they can serve as a cheap and long-lasting liming material. The weight loss of dolomite particles of various sizes from the dump applied to Albic Retisol and its effect on assimilation of Ca and Mg by barley and wheat were studied. The pot experiment with 300 g soil was conducted for 30 days in a laboratory phytotron. Results showed that coarse particles of dolomite waste had a positive effect on soil acidity already at the initial phases of the experiment. In the process of dissolution of dolomite, all forms of soil acidity decreased. The cultivation of barley had a stronger effect on the dissolution of dolomite particles than the cultivation of wheat. Barley plants accumulated Ca by 1.1-1.4 times higher than wheat, other factors being identical. The relationship between the yield of green biomass and the accumulation of calcium and magnesium in the plants were empirically described using regression analysis. Results of this preliminary study showed that the by-products from dolomite stone processing can be effectively used for reclamation of strongly acidic soil in north-western Russia. This has the dual benefit of reducing the burden on the environment and reclaiming acidic soils. Further studies should include soil microbiological and biological parameters to trace the effect of root activities and dolomite dissolution rate on a field scale.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-70542023470001r23
Mauricio Antonio Lopes
ABSTRACT The article stresses the need to reassess plant breeding and seed systems in our current era, characterized by rapidly shifting paradigms propelled by technological and scientific progress. It underscores the importance of incorporating cutting-edge technologies, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and implementing forward-looking policies to meet evolving societal and consumer demands while aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Advancements in genetic editing, high-throughput technologies, precision breeding, and digital agriculture are transforming plant breeding, offering unprecedented capabilities to develop desirable traits, comprehend gene-environment interactions, and enhance crop efficiency. However, responsible innovation that considers ethical implications and regulatory frameworks remains essential in this context. Effective collaboration and engagement of stakeholders, including breeders, farmers, policymakers, and consumers, are vital for navigating the challenges and opportunities presented by this era of exponential change. Inclusive and multidisciplinary dialogues can harness diverse perspectives and experiences, contributing to a sustainable and resilient future for plant breeding and seed production. Ensuring access to diverse, high-quality seeds is crucial, especially in developing nations. Investments in seed infrastructure, capacity building, and farmer-centric approaches empower farmers and bolster seed security. In conclusion, the article underscores the significance of reimagining plant breeding and seed systems by embracing technology, promoting collaboration, and aligning strategies with the SDGs. By harnessing the potential of exponential changes, the envisioned future involves plant breeding and seed production that effectively address evolving societal and consumer needs, thereby contributing to agricultural resilience, global food security and sustainability.
{"title":"Rethinking plant breeding and seed systems in the era of exponential changes","authors":"Mauricio Antonio Lopes","doi":"10.1590/1413-70542023470001r23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542023470001r23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article stresses the need to reassess plant breeding and seed systems in our current era, characterized by rapidly shifting paradigms propelled by technological and scientific progress. It underscores the importance of incorporating cutting-edge technologies, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and implementing forward-looking policies to meet evolving societal and consumer demands while aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Advancements in genetic editing, high-throughput technologies, precision breeding, and digital agriculture are transforming plant breeding, offering unprecedented capabilities to develop desirable traits, comprehend gene-environment interactions, and enhance crop efficiency. However, responsible innovation that considers ethical implications and regulatory frameworks remains essential in this context. Effective collaboration and engagement of stakeholders, including breeders, farmers, policymakers, and consumers, are vital for navigating the challenges and opportunities presented by this era of exponential change. Inclusive and multidisciplinary dialogues can harness diverse perspectives and experiences, contributing to a sustainable and resilient future for plant breeding and seed production. Ensuring access to diverse, high-quality seeds is crucial, especially in developing nations. Investments in seed infrastructure, capacity building, and farmer-centric approaches empower farmers and bolster seed security. In conclusion, the article underscores the significance of reimagining plant breeding and seed systems by embracing technology, promoting collaboration, and aligning strategies with the SDGs. By harnessing the potential of exponential changes, the envisioned future involves plant breeding and seed production that effectively address evolving societal and consumer needs, thereby contributing to agricultural resilience, global food security and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135260836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347004023
Judith Georgette Alcalde Mosqueira, Renato Paiva, Eliana Borges Rivas, Ricardo Harakava, Maria Aparecida Gomes Souza-Dias, Michele Valquíria dos Reis
ABSTRACT Campomanesia rufa (O. Berg) Nied. is a Myrtaceae species native to the Brazilian Cerrado. As C. rufa is considered endangered, in vitro propagation is an alternative for its conservation. However, the lack of effective disinfection protocols for endophytic microorganisms naturally present in plant tissues hinders the success of micropropagation. In this context, the objective of this study was to isolate, molecular identify, and control endogenous occurring bacteria of C. rufa propagated in vitro. Purified PCR products of bacterial isolates were sequenced by the Sanger method and aligned with homologous sequences using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) available in National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. MEGA7 software was used to align all sequences and to draw phylogenetic trees. Survival, shoot height, and efficiency of antibiotics (streptomycin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol) at different concentrations in the culture medium were evaluated. Different Bacillus sp. strains were observed in the plant tissues. When testing the control of Bacillus sp. with antibiotics, 32 mg L-1 ampicillin caused a significant reduction in bacterial contamination with no effect on explant survival. On the other hand, 256 mg L-1 streptomycin caused the greatest reduction in contamination but was lethal to over 90% of the explants. This study is the first report on the occurrence of endogenous bacteria and their control in the context of in vitro native species conservation.
【摘要】芦花(Campomanesia rufa, O. Berg);是桃金娘科的一种，原产于巴西塞拉多。由于鹿茸属濒危物种，体外繁殖是保护鹿茸的另一种方法。然而，对植物组织中自然存在的内生微生物缺乏有效的消毒方案，阻碍了微繁的成功。在此背景下，本研究的目的是分离、分子鉴定和控制体外繁殖的鹿茸内源性细菌。分离细菌的纯化PCR产物采用Sanger法测序，并使用国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)数据库中的基本局部比对搜索工具(BLAST)与同源序列比对。使用MEGA7软件对所有序列进行比对并绘制系统发育树。对培养基中不同浓度抗生素(链霉素、氨苄西林和氯霉素)的存活率、芽高和效率进行了评估。在植物组织中观察到不同的芽孢杆菌菌株。在用抗生素控制芽孢杆菌的试验中，32 mg L-1氨苄西林显著减少了细菌污染，但对外植体存活没有影响。另一方面，256 mg L-1的链霉素对外植体的污染减少最大，但对90%以上的外植体有致死作用。本研究首次报道了内源性细菌的发生及其在体外本地物种保护背景下的控制。
{"title":"Isolation, molecular identification, and in vitro control of Campomanesia rufa (O. Berg) Nied. endogenous bacteria","authors":"Judith Georgette Alcalde Mosqueira, Renato Paiva, Eliana Borges Rivas, Ricardo Harakava, Maria Aparecida Gomes Souza-Dias, Michele Valquíria dos Reis","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347004023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347004023","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Campomanesia rufa (O. Berg) Nied. is a Myrtaceae species native to the Brazilian Cerrado. As C. rufa is considered endangered, in vitro propagation is an alternative for its conservation. However, the lack of effective disinfection protocols for endophytic microorganisms naturally present in plant tissues hinders the success of micropropagation. In this context, the objective of this study was to isolate, molecular identify, and control endogenous occurring bacteria of C. rufa propagated in vitro. Purified PCR products of bacterial isolates were sequenced by the Sanger method and aligned with homologous sequences using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) available in National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. MEGA7 software was used to align all sequences and to draw phylogenetic trees. Survival, shoot height, and efficiency of antibiotics (streptomycin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol) at different concentrations in the culture medium were evaluated. Different Bacillus sp. strains were observed in the plant tissues. When testing the control of Bacillus sp. with antibiotics, 32 mg L-1 ampicillin caused a significant reduction in bacterial contamination with no effect on explant survival. On the other hand, 256 mg L-1 streptomycin caused the greatest reduction in contamination but was lethal to over 90% of the explants. This study is the first report on the occurrence of endogenous bacteria and their control in the context of in vitro native species conservation.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347016322
Claudina Vissio, Melina Richardet, Liliana Cristina Issaly, Alejandro José Larriestra
ABSTRACT The cow somatic cell count (CSCC) is an indicator of intramammary infection (IMI), and it has been used to make decisions at dry-off about selective dry cow therapy (SDCT). This study assessed ex-ante the economic impact of implementing SDCT under milk production conditions in Argentina, using CSCC to identify cows with IMI at dry-off. Eighty six cows were sampled at dry-off and considered being infected if at least one quarter was infected with major mastitis pathogens. The CSCC sensitivity and specificity were estimated using the CSCC recorded from the test-day prior to dry-off. A simulation model was then developed to look into the economic benefits of applying SDCT under two herd level IMI prevalence (low: 5-15%, and high: 16-25%) at dry-off. The input variables were obtained from the field study, scientific literature, and real-world prices. The output was the net economic difference (NED) between SDCT and blanket dry cow therapy at the herd level. The sensitivity and specificity estimated for identifying cows infected with major pathogens for a CSCC threshold of 200,000 cells/mL were 31.4 (95% CI, 14.6-48.2) and 64.7 (95% CI, 50.6-78.8), respectively; the value for NED was maximized to -634 US$ and -455 US$ in the low and high IMI prevalence, respectively. In general, CSCC specificity was the variable with the most impact on NED and, in high IMI prevalence, milk price had a similar relevance. Thus, SDCT based on CSCC is a cost-effective option, under the milk production conditions in Argentina.
{"title":"Decision making on dry cow therapy: Economic evaluation using field data under Argentinian production conditions","authors":"Claudina Vissio, Melina Richardet, Liliana Cristina Issaly, Alejandro José Larriestra","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347016322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347016322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The cow somatic cell count (CSCC) is an indicator of intramammary infection (IMI), and it has been used to make decisions at dry-off about selective dry cow therapy (SDCT). This study assessed ex-ante the economic impact of implementing SDCT under milk production conditions in Argentina, using CSCC to identify cows with IMI at dry-off. Eighty six cows were sampled at dry-off and considered being infected if at least one quarter was infected with major mastitis pathogens. The CSCC sensitivity and specificity were estimated using the CSCC recorded from the test-day prior to dry-off. A simulation model was then developed to look into the economic benefits of applying SDCT under two herd level IMI prevalence (low: 5-15%, and high: 16-25%) at dry-off. The input variables were obtained from the field study, scientific literature, and real-world prices. The output was the net economic difference (NED) between SDCT and blanket dry cow therapy at the herd level. The sensitivity and specificity estimated for identifying cows infected with major pathogens for a CSCC threshold of 200,000 cells/mL were 31.4 (95% CI, 14.6-48.2) and 64.7 (95% CI, 50.6-78.8), respectively; the value for NED was maximized to -634 US$ and -455 US$ in the low and high IMI prevalence, respectively. In general, CSCC specificity was the variable with the most impact on NED and, in high IMI prevalence, milk price had a similar relevance. Thus, SDCT based on CSCC is a cost-effective option, under the milk production conditions in Argentina.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347004423
Jéssica Paloma Pinheiro da Silva, Francisco Bezerra Neto, Elizangela Cabral dos Santos, Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima, Iron Dhones de Jesus Silva do Carmo, Rebeca Monique Silva Frutuoso
ABSTRACT The postharvest quality and coloration of radish roots can be compromised by factors such as the type of cropping system and fertilization management. Therefore, the objective of this work was to estimate the postharvest quality indices and color parameters of radish roots in monocropping, as a function of different roostertree (Calotropis procera) biomass amounts, in two cropping seasons in a semi-arid environment. The experimental design used was randomized complete blocks with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of different roostertree biomass amounts: 16, 29, 42, 55 and 68 t ha-1 on a dry basis, incorporated into the soil. In each block, two additional treatments were added, one without fertilization (control) and the other with mineral fertilizer, for comparison purposes with the maximum efficiency treatment. The radish cultivar planted was Crimson Gigante. The radish characteristics evaluated were: pH, soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, total soluble sugar content (TSS), vitamin C (CV) and anthocyanin (A) contents, and roots color parameters (L*, C* and h°). The maximum flavor efficiency (SS/TA) and the total soluble sugar content (TSS) were achieved with the incorporation into the soil of 47.24 and 25.27 t ha-1 roostertree biomass, respectively. Higher concentrations of bioactive compounds (CV and A) were obtained when incorporating 35.79 and 45.85 t ha-1 green manure biomass. The color parameters values (L*, C* and h°) in the red radish roots were achieved in the biomass amounts of 40.39, 53.14 and 52.71 t ha-1 of roostertree.
摘要萝卜采后根系的品质和颜色会受到种植制度和施肥管理等因素的影响。因此，本研究的目的是在半干旱环境下，评估两个种植季节不同红豆杉(Calotropis procera)生物量对单作萝卜根系采后品质指标和颜色参数的影响。试验设计采用随机完整区，5个处理，5个重复。不同处理的黄家树生物量分别为:16、29、42、55和68 t hm -1。在每个地块中，增加了两个额外的处理，一个不施肥(对照)，另一个施用矿物肥料，以与最高效率处理进行比较。种植的萝卜品种是深红吉甘特。评价萝卜的特性包括:pH、可溶性固形物含量(SS)、可滴定酸度(TA)、SS/TA比、可溶性总糖含量(TSS)、维生素C (CV)和花青素(A)含量以及根系颜色参数(L*、C*和h°)。风味效率(SS/TA)和可溶性糖总含量(TSS)分别以47.24 t hm -1和25.27 t hm -1的土壤生物量为最高。当添加35.79和45.85 t ha-1绿肥生物量时，获得了较高浓度的生物活性化合物(CV和A)。红萝卜根系颜色参数值(L*、C*和h°)在红萝卜生物量为40.39、53.14和52.71 t ha-1时达到。
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347019622
Serhat Ayas
ABSTRACT Dent Corn (Zea mays indentata indentata), one of the most important plants produced for industrial purposes in many regions of Türkiye. The aim of this study was to determine the interactions of two important factors affecting the yield of dent corn. The study was conducted at the Bursa Uludağ University Yenişehir Ibrahim Orhan Vocational School Agricultural Research Field in 2019-2020. The altitude of the study area was 240 m. Measurements of the physical and quality properties of dent corn were carried out in the laboratories of Bursa Uludağ University. In the research, four different irrigation topics and three different fertigation topics were selected. Drip irrigation method was preferred in order to apply water amounts at different irrigation and fertigation levels. In our study, the highest and lowest irrigation water amounts in both trial years were found to be 780-195 mm and 800-200 mm, respectively, while the highest and lowest actual evapotranspiration (ETa) values were calculated as 830-290 mm and 855-432 mm, respectively. The maximum and minimum yield values of the study years were calculated as 14.6-15.2 t ha-1 and 4.0-5.1 t ha-1, respectively, from I100F100 and I25F50 treatments. However, when the reductions in yield and quality losses are evaluated together, despite the reductions in irrigation water and fertigation levels, I75 and F75 treatments can be recommended.
凹痕玉米(Zea mays indentata indentata)是日本许多地区最重要的工业作物之一。本研究的目的是确定影响凹痕玉米产量的两个重要因素的相互作用。该研究于2019-2020年在布尔萨乌卢达尔大学叶尼伊希尔易卜拉欣奥尔罕职业学校农业研究领域进行。研究区海拔240 m。在乌鲁达乌尔萨大学的实验室中对凹痕玉米的物理和质量特性进行了测量。在研究中，选取了4个不同的灌溉课题和3个不同的施肥课题。为了在不同的灌溉和施肥水平下施用水量，首选滴灌方法。在我们的研究中，两个试验年的最高和最低灌溉水量分别为780-195 mm和800-200 mm，而实际蒸散量(ETa)的最高和最低值分别为830-290 mm和855-432 mm。I100F100和I25F50处理的最大和最小产量分别为14.6 ~ 15.2 t ha-1和4.0 ~ 5.1 t ha-1。然而，当产量减少和质量损失一起评估时，尽管灌溉水和施肥水平减少，但可以推荐I75和F75处理。
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347005423
Alishba Naeem, Muhammad Adnan Ashraf, Aftab Ahmad Anjum, Ali Ahmad Sheikh, Tehreem Ali, Rabia Manzoor
ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is a respiratory pathogen, which has the potential to cause brooder pneumonia in poultry chicks and aspergillosis in birds and farmers. Frequent and irrational use of antifungals has led to the development of resistance in the fungal species. The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) from four different spices against multi-drug resistant (MDR) A. fumigatus isolated from 40 poultry feed samples. Twenty fungal isolates were identified to be A. fumigatus based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, which were confirmed by targeting and amplifying the species-specific rodA gene (313 bp). Five (5/20) isolates were found to be MDR by the disk diffusion method. EOs were tested as an alternative strategy for 5 MDR isolates of A. fumigatus. Clove EO provided better activity by 6 log10 reduction for 30-90 min exposure as compared to other EOs, therefore, shortlisted for well-diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Clove EO provided promising results as compared to fluconazole, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, nystatin and voriconazole as its mean ZOI (39.6 ± 6.34) were better than all other commercial antifungals (p< 0.001). Mean MIC was reported to be 0.195 ± 0.11 µl/ml. Safety testing of the EO produced 74-82% cell viability for the range of 0.390 - 0.097 µl/ml as compared to DMSO. Findings of the present study highlight that clove EO can be source of a good therapeutic agent for infections of MDR isolates of A. fumigatus.
{"title":"In vitro inhibitory activity of spice-derived essential oils for multi-drug resistant Aspergillus fumigatus recovered from poultry feed","authors":"Alishba Naeem, Muhammad Adnan Ashraf, Aftab Ahmad Anjum, Ali Ahmad Sheikh, Tehreem Ali, Rabia Manzoor","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347005423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347005423","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is a respiratory pathogen, which has the potential to cause brooder pneumonia in poultry chicks and aspergillosis in birds and farmers. Frequent and irrational use of antifungals has led to the development of resistance in the fungal species. The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) from four different spices against multi-drug resistant (MDR) A. fumigatus isolated from 40 poultry feed samples. Twenty fungal isolates were identified to be A. fumigatus based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, which were confirmed by targeting and amplifying the species-specific rodA gene (313 bp). Five (5/20) isolates were found to be MDR by the disk diffusion method. EOs were tested as an alternative strategy for 5 MDR isolates of A. fumigatus. Clove EO provided better activity by 6 log10 reduction for 30-90 min exposure as compared to other EOs, therefore, shortlisted for well-diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Clove EO provided promising results as compared to fluconazole, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, nystatin and voriconazole as its mean ZOI (39.6 ± 6.34) were better than all other commercial antifungals (p< 0.001). Mean MIC was reported to be 0.195 ± 0.11 µl/ml. Safety testing of the EO produced 74-82% cell viability for the range of 0.390 - 0.097 µl/ml as compared to DMSO. Findings of the present study highlight that clove EO can be source of a good therapeutic agent for infections of MDR isolates of A. fumigatus.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135104846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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