Ciencia E Agrotecnologia最新文献_第5页

Does soil cultivation practices and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense affect the performance of maize genotypes? 土壤耕作方式和接种巴西偶氮螺旋菌是否影响玉米基因型的表现?

4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Ciencia E Agrotecnologia

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347005523

Marcelo Henrique Santos, Wagner Emerson Aguiar, Eliane Cristina Gruszka Vendruscolo, Robson Fernando Missio

ABSTRACT One of the bottlenecks for maize (Zea mays L.) production is the need for a large supply of nitrogen fertilizers, which burdens farmers. A solution to this problem is the use of proteobacteria Azospirillum brasilense as an inoculant. However, experimental results regarding this inoculant vary depending, for instance, on the soil cultivation practices used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on morphophysiological characters and yield characteristics of three maize genotypes in two off-season cultivated in no-tillage system (NT). Fallow soil (FS) was used as control. The results showed that soil cultivation had a significant effect on morphophysiological and productivity parameters compared to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. There were no distinct morphophysiological differences among the treatments. FS (inoculated or not) was more closely related to productivity parameters (grain yield-YI, weight of 100 seeds-100SW, plant height-PH and number of leaves-NL) than NT in both off-seasons. Among the hybrids, Dekalb 255 PRO3 (DKB 255) showed the highest YI and 100SW. Thus, this hybrid was considered well-adapted to off-seasons in western Paraná, Brazil. The inoculation effect was practically null and did not influence the estimated productivity of the different chosen hybrids.

摘要玉米(Zea mays L.)生产的瓶颈之一是对氮肥的大量需求，这给农民带来了负担。解决这个问题的方法是使用巴西偶氮螺旋菌作为接种剂。然而，关于这种接种剂的实验结果因所使用的土壤栽培方法而异。本研究旨在评价接种巴西氮螺旋菌对两种免耕制度下3个基因型玉米形态生理特性和产量特性的影响。以休耕土(FS)为对照。结果表明，与接种巴西氮螺旋菌相比，土壤栽培对其形态生理和生产参数有显著影响。不同处理间无明显形态生理差异。在两个淡季，FS(接种或未接种)与产量参数(籽粒产量- yi、百粒重- 100sw、株高- ph和叶数- nl)的关系比NT更密切。杂交种中，Dekalb 255 PRO3 (DKB 255)的YI和sw最高。因此，这种杂交品种被认为很好地适应了巴西帕拉纳西部的淡季。接种效应几乎为零，不影响所选杂交种的估计产量。

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引用次数: 0

Extraction and accumulation of silicon in tomato grown under different water regimes and application forms 不同水分制度和施用方式下番茄硅的提取和积累

4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Ciencia E Agrotecnologia

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347005323

Gustavo Soares Wenneck, Reni Saath, Roberto Rezende, Daniele de Souza Terassi, Vinicius Villa e Vila, Gustavo Lopes Pereira

ABSTRACT The application of silicon (Si) in plants benefits the performance of several species. However, the dynamics of the element, mainly in non-accumulating species such as tomatoes, are rarely analyzed. This study investigated the dynamics of Si in tomato plants cultivated under different forms of application and water conditions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications, using a factorial scheme 2 x 4: two water conditions (60 and 100% of the evapotranspiration of the crop - ETc), and four forms of silicon application (without application, full dose applied at soil, split dose applied at soil, and foliar application). Si content in the soil and in the different plant organs were analyzed. Si content in the soil increased after the crop cycle depending on the application form (full or split doses). The dynamics of Si accumulation and extraction by tomato are influenced by the application form (higher in soil application) and water management, with fruits and leaves having the higher values. Si application, mainly in the soil, increased the rate of Si accumulation and extraction by tomatoes cultivated in different water conditions.

硅(Si)在植物中的应用有利于几种植物的性能。然而，该元素的动态，主要是在非积累的物种，如西红柿，很少分析。研究了不同施用方式和水分条件下番茄植株硅的动态变化。试验采用完全随机设计，共4个重复，采用2 × 4的析因方案:2种水分条件(作物蒸散量的60%和100% - ETc)和4种硅施用形式(不施用、全剂量土壤施用、分剂量土壤施用和叶面施用)。分析了土壤和不同植物器官中硅的含量。土壤中硅含量在作物周期后增加，这取决于施用形式(全剂量或分剂量)。番茄硅的积累和提取动态受施用形式(土壤施用较多)和水分管理的影响，果实和叶片的值较高。不同水分条件下，施硅(以土壤为主)增加了番茄对硅的积累和提取速率。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of transmission on maize seed deposition in pneumatic dispensers 传粉对玉米种子沉降的影响

4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Ciencia E Agrotecnologia

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347007723

Gabriel Ganancini Zimmermann, William Santiago de Mendonça, Samir Paulo Jasper, Fernanda Gonçalves Moreno, Rafael Schuster Teixeira, Filipe Afonso Ingles

ABSTRACT The proper distribution of maize seeds in pneumatic dispensers is essential for high-quality sowing operations. To enhance seed distribution accuracy, advanced pneumatic mechanisms utilizing new electrically driven dosing devices have been developed, as mechanical mechanisms often lead to distribution errors. Consequently, it becomes imperative to assess the impact of these mechanisms, particularly concerning operational speed. This study aims to evaluate the transmission performance of pneumatic dispensers when depositing maize seeds at varying operating speeds. The experiment was conducted on a static simulation bench, employing a completely randomized design and assessing two seed distribution mechanisms at speeds of 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, 11.0, and 13.0 km h-1. Parameters analyzed included acceptable spacing, double failure, coefficient of variation, and precision index, gathered from five repetitions of 250 consecutive seed depositions. The results suggest that the independent electrically driven dosing mechanism outperforms the pneumatic dosing mechanism with mechanical transmission in terms of acceptable spacing (1.27), missing spacing (0.85), and accuracy index (1.31). However, it is crucial to note that an increase in operating speed negatively impacts seed quality for both dispenser drive mechanisms.

玉米种子在气动分配器中的正确分布是高质量播种操作的必要条件。为了提高种子分配精度，利用新型电动加药装置的先进气动机构已经开发出来，因为机械机构经常导致分配误差。因此，必须评估这些机制的影响，特别是在行动速度方面的影响。本研究的目的是评估在不同的操作速度下，气力分配器在存放玉米种子时的传输性能。实验在静态模拟台上进行，采用完全随机设计，对种子在5.0、7.0、9.0、11.0和13.0 km h-1速度下的两种分布机制进行了研究。分析的参数包括可接受间距、双重破坏、变异系数和精度指数，这些参数来自250个连续种子沉积的5个重复。结果表明，独立电动加药机构在可接受间距(1.27)、缺失间距(0.85)和精度指数(1.31)方面均优于机械传动的气动加药机构。然而，必须注意的是，操作速度的增加对两个分配器驱动机构的种子质量都有负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Differential composition of reserves and oil of Moringa oleifera seeds cultivated in states of Northeast Brazil 巴西东北部各州种植的辣木种子储量和油的差异组成

4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Ciencia E Agrotecnologia

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347007823

Josyelem Tiburtino Leite Chaves, Toshik Iarley da Silva, Elisa Monteze Bicalho, Ana Cardoso Clemente Filha Ferreira de Paula, Patrícia Carneiro Souto, Jacob Silva Souto

ABSTRACT Moringa oleifera (Lam.) is an oilseed rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The seed reserve composition can change according to environmental conditions of precipitation and temperature. Thus, this work aimed to characterize the M. oleifera seed and its vegetable oil from plants cultivated in different states of Northeast Brazil. Seeds and soil samples were collected in Bahia (BA), Ceará (CE), Paraíba (PB), and Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Regarding climate variables, RN and BA had the lowest (395 mm) and highest (880 mm) precipitation during the collection year, respectively. The size and mass of the seeds and almonds, and the characterization of the flour and the oil of the ‘moringa’ seeds were measured. The largest seeds and almonds were collected in BA and the smallest in RN. The highest protein and moisture contents were obtained in the seeds from CE. The seeds from RN had the highest oil content, unsaturated fatty acids, ashes, acidity, and saponification levels. Thus, RN presents the smallest seeds of M. oleifera with higher content of mineral salts (ashes), oil, and monounsaturated fatty acids.

辣木(Lam.)是一种富含不饱和脂肪酸的油籽。种子储备成分会根据降水和温度等环境条件发生变化。因此，本研究旨在对巴西东北部不同州种植的油籽植物及其植物油进行表征。在Bahia (BA)、ceear (CE)、Paraíba (PB)和里约热内卢Grande do Norte (RN)采集种子和土壤样品。在气候变量上，北侧和北侧降水量分别为最少(395 mm)和最多(880 mm)。测量了种子和杏仁的大小和质量，以及“辣木”种子的面粉和油的特性。最大的种子和杏仁采自BA，最小的采自RN。CE种子中蛋白质和水分含量最高。RN种子的含油量、不饱和脂肪酸、灰分、酸度和皂化水平最高。因此，RN呈现出M. oleifera最小的种子，具有较高的矿物盐(灰烬)，油和单不饱和脂肪酸含量。

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引用次数: 0

Cacao genotypes cultivated in agroforestry systems in Bahia have wide genetic variability in morpho-agronomic characters 巴伊亚州农林业系统栽培的可可基因型在形态农艺性状上具有广泛的遗传变异

4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Ciencia E Agrotecnologia

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347004923

Marc Ernso Georges, Cláusio Antônio Ferreira Melo, Margarete Magalhães de Souza, Ronan Xavier Corrêa

ABSTRACT Cacao fruits are agronomically important and show wide variability for several morphological descriptors. The present study aimed to characterize the genetic distance of 51 genotypes of Theobroma cacao L. in the cocoa-producing region of Southern Bahia (Brazil) based on morpho-agronomic descriptors. The inference of genetic similarity was performed from the phenotypic data derived simultaneously from qualitative and quantitative variables, using the Ward-MLM procedure (Modified Location Model) with the SAS® software. The distance matrix was obtained using the Gower logarithmic function. For this, 28 descriptors were evaluated, five qualitative and 23 quantitative. Furthermore, using the likelihood function procedure, the optimal number of groups was five indicating wide variability. Of 23 quantitative descriptors evaluated by fruits and leaves, 95% showed significant differences. The exception was seed width. Groups 1 and 5 were the most distant, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were closest to each other. The greatest difference between increments was 35.32 for the fifth group. The analysis of the first two canonical axes revealed that both represented 81.88% of the variation, with CAN1 and CAN2 responsible for 53.66% and 28.22% of the variation. The most promising genotypes for breeding programs belong to group 5 due to their superior performance for almost all characteristics analyzed.

可可果实在农艺学上很重要，并且在几种形态描述符上表现出广泛的变异性。基于形态农艺描述符，对巴西巴伊亚南部可可产区的51个可可树基因型进行了遗传距离分析。采用Ward-MLM程序(Modified Location Model)和SAS®软件，从定性和定量变量同时获得的表型数据进行遗传相似性推断。利用Gower对数函数得到距离矩阵。为此，评估了28个描述符，5个定性描述符和23个定量描述符。此外，使用似然函数程序，组的最佳数量为5，表明广泛的可变性。在果实和叶片评价的23个定量描述符中，95%存在显著性差异。例外是种子宽度。第1、5组距离最远，第2、3、4组距离最近。第5组的增量差异最大，为35.32。对前两个典型轴的分析表明，CAN1和CAN2分别占变异的53.66%和28.22%，CAN1和CAN2占变异的81.88%。最有希望用于育种计划的基因型属于第5组，因为它们在几乎所有分析的特征上都表现优异。

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引用次数: 0

The Results of Cochlear Implantation in the Inner Ear Malformations. 内耳畸形人工耳蜗植入术的效果。

4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Ciencia E Agrotecnologia

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2022.20134

Elvan Onan, Ulku Tuncer, Ozgur Surmelioglu, Muhammed Dagkiran, Suleyman Ozdemir, Ozgur Tarkan, Mustafa Mete Kiroglu

Background: Cochlear implants are arguably the most successful neural prosthesis today. Cochlear implantation has several difficulties in patients with internal ear anomalies. This study was performed to analyze intraoperative, postoperative findings, and auditory performance of 55 patients who had inner ear malformations and were treated with cochlear implants at Otorhinolaryngology Department of Çukurova University Hospital.

Methods: Auditory performances were analyzed in 30 of 55 patients. Patients with cochlear anomalies were evaluated as group I, patients with vestibular malformation as group II, and patients with the normal bone labyrinth as group III. Listening progress profiles and meaningful auditory integration scale tests were used to determine performances.

Results: Comparison between the listening progress profiles test performance of the groups at 12th and 18th month of group I was significantly lower than other groups (P < .05) and reached at the same level after the 24th month. Comparison between the meaningful auditory integration scale test performance of groups at 24th and 36th month of group I was significantly lower than other groups (P < .05). Perilymph gusher was observed in 3 patients who had incomplete partition I malformation. Oozing was observed in 50% of incomplete partition II patients. Facial nerve traced a variant course in 4 of 55 patients and 6 patients had postoperative meningitis.

Conclusion: Initially patients with inner ear anomalies showed that the level of language development was worse than patients with normal bone anatomy. However, it was shown that they both reached the same point as a result. Facial nerve anomaly and meningitis risk is higher in patients with inner ear malformations.

背景:人工耳蜗可以说是当今最成功的神经义肢。内耳畸形患者的人工耳蜗植入术有几个困难。本研究分析了在Çukurova大学医院耳鼻喉科接受人工耳蜗植入治疗的55例内耳畸形患者的术中、术后表现和听觉表现。方法分析55例患者中30例的听觉表现。耳蜗异常组为ⅰ组，前庭畸形组为ⅱ组，骨迷路正常组为ⅲ组。听力进步概况和有意义的听觉整合量表测试来确定表现。结果1组患儿在第12、18个月的听力进步曲线测试成绩显著低于其他组(P < 0.05)，第24个月后达到相同水平。第1组患者第24、36个月的意义听觉整合量表测试成绩比较，组间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。3例伴有不完全I隔畸形的患者出现淋巴腺外喷涌。50%的II型不完全分区患者出现渗液。55例患者中4例面神经病变，6例术后发生脑膜炎。结论内耳畸形患者早期语言发育水平较骨解剖正常患者差。然而，结果表明，它们都达到了同一点。内耳畸形患者面神经异常和脑膜炎的风险较高。

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引用次数: 1

Polyamines mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress on the growth and gas exchange of nasturtium 多胺减轻了盐胁迫对旱金莲生长和气体交换的有害影响

IF 1.1 4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Ciencia E Agrotecnologia

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246000722

F. B. S. Santos Filho, T. I. Silva, M. G. Dias, J. Grossi

ABSTRACT Abiotic stresses are one of the major reasons for low crop productivity owing to the disturbances caused by them. Polyamines can be applied to mitigate the harmful effects of stress in plants. Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) is an ornamental, medicinal, and edible plant that is found in many countries. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of polyamines application and salt stress on the growth and leaf gas exchange of T. majus. The treatments to induce salt stress were as follows: 0 mM NaCl (no stress), 40 mM NaCl (moderate stress), 80 mM NaCl (severe stress), 40 mM NaCl + spermine (Spm), 40 mM NaCl + spermidine (Spd), 40 mM NaCl + putrescine (Put), 80 mM NaCl + Spm, 80 mM NaCl + Spd, and 80 mM NaCl + Put. Polyamines were applied every week for four weeks. The applications of Spd and Spm attenuated the harmful effects of moderate salt stress on plant height and leaf fresh mass. The application of Spm attenuated the harmful effects of moderate salt stress on stem diameter. The application of Spd attenuated the harmful effects of moderate salt stress on the number of buds, the stem fresh mass, and total fresh mass. The application of Spm attenuated the harmful effects of severe salt stress on stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and attenuated the harmful effects of moderate salt stress on stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and transpiration. The application of Spd attenuated the harmful effects of moderate salt stress on instantaneous water use efficiency and intrinsic water use efficiency. The applications of Spm and Spd application can attenuated the harmful effects of moderate salt stress on the growth and leaf gas exchange of nasturtium.

非生物胁迫引起的扰动是导致作物生产力低下的主要原因之一。多胺可用于减轻植物中逆境的有害影响。旱金莲(Tropaeolum majus L.)是一种观赏、药用和可食用的植物，在许多国家都有发现。本研究旨在探讨多胺施用和盐胁迫对大叶参生长和叶片气体交换的影响。诱导盐胁迫的处理为:0 mM NaCl(无胁迫)、40 mM NaCl(中度胁迫)、80 mM NaCl(重度胁迫)、40 mM NaCl +精胺(Spm)、40 mM NaCl +亚精胺(Spd)、40 mM NaCl +腐胺(Put)、80 mM NaCl + Spm、80 mM NaCl + Spd和80 mM NaCl + Put。每周应用多胺，持续四周。施用Spd和Spm可减轻中度盐胁迫对株高和叶片鲜质量的有害影响。施施Spm可减弱中等盐胁迫对茎粗的有害影响。施用Spd可减轻中度盐胁迫对芽数、茎鲜质量和总鲜质量的有害影响。施用Spm可减弱重度盐胁迫对气孔导度和蒸腾速率的有害影响，减弱中度盐胁迫对气孔导度、净光合作用和蒸腾的有害影响。Spd的施用减弱了中等盐胁迫对瞬时水分利用效率和内在水分利用效率的有害影响。施施Spm和Spd可以减弱中度盐胁迫对旱金莲生长和叶片气体交换的有害影响。

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引用次数: 1

Corn crop responds positively to fertigation with black water from sewage treated by decentralized anaerobic system 玉米作物对分散厌氧系统处理的污水黑水的施肥反应积极

IF 1.1 4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Ciencia E Agrotecnologia

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246001222

P. S. D. Abreu, B. R. Costa, H. Oldoni, Wilson Tadeu Lopes da Silva, L. Bassoi

ABSTRACT The basic sanitation systems are not enough to meet the sanitary requirements in the rural areas of Brazil. Hence, a decentralized anaerobic system was developed by Embrapa to enable the treatment of domestic sewage. The treated sewage effluent (TSE) should be applied to completely replace the N from mineral fertilizer required by corn plants, a typical crop cultivated by Brazilian smallholder farmings for animal feed. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the corn crop responses to the use of TSE as fertilizer. A field experiment was carried out in a sandy clay loam soil at São Carlos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, over 2018-2019 summer growing season of a hybrid corn cultivar with dual aptitude (grain and silage production). Four treatments about application of different nutrient sources were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications: 1- NPK: urea, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride as nutrient sources; 2- EfPK: TSE as N source + PK from mineral fertilizers; 3- Ef: TSE only; 4- PK: mineral fertilizers only. TSE was applied to crop by short and closed-end furrow irrigation. TSE can be used as a source of nitrogen mainly and other nutrients for corn crop nutrition based on the knowledge of effluent nutrient concentrations. TSE split application through fertirrigation can lead to corn yield parameters close to those from NPK application using only mineral fertilizers as nutrient sources. The reuse of this wastewater is feasible for small-scale corn production which is typical of Brazilian smallholder farming.

巴西农村地区的基本卫生系统不足以满足卫生需求。因此，Embrapa开发了一种分散式厌氧系统来处理生活污水。处理后的污水(TSE)应用于完全取代玉米作物所需的矿物肥料中的氮，玉米是巴西小农种植的典型作物，用于动物饲料。因此，本研究的目的是探讨玉米作物对使用TSE作为肥料的反应。在2018-2019年夏季生长季，在巴西圣保罗州奥卡洛斯州的砂质粘土壤土中进行了一种具有双重能力(粮食和青贮生产)的杂交玉米品种的田间试验。采用3个重复的随机区组设计，评价4个不同营养源的处理:1-氮磷钾:尿素、过磷酸钾和氯化钾为营养源;2- EfPK: TSE作为N源+矿质肥料的PK;3- Ef:仅限TSE;4- PK:只使用矿物肥料。采用短端闭口沟灌方式对作物施用TSE。基于对出水养分浓度的了解，TSE可以作为玉米作物营养主要氮和其他养分的来源。通过施肥分割施用TSE可使玉米产量参数接近于仅使用矿质肥料的氮磷钾施用。这种废水的再利用对于小规模玉米生产是可行的，这是典型的巴西小农农业。

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引用次数: 0

Actinobacteria hydrolase producer in solid-state fermentation using licuri 利用licuri进行固体发酵的放线菌水解酶产生菌

IF 1.1 4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Ciencia E Agrotecnologia

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246020721

Heb C.S.R. Rodrigues, A. L. Carvalho, Leonaiara Mariano Santos, Andreza Borba da Silva, M. A. Umsza-Guez

ABSTRACT In recent times, green technologies have gained space and interest in many industrial sectors. Examples of this are enzymes, which can be obtained by solid-state fermentation using microorganisms and agro-industrial residues as substrates. In this context, this study aimed to verify the production of hydrolases leading to Arthrobacter polychromogenes and Streptomyces violaceoruber strains as producers and the influence of moisture and residues of licuri [Syagrus coronata (Martius) Beccari] and wheat as substrates. The solid-state fermentation was performed at 28 °C/12 days, with different ratios of wheat bran/degreased almond licuri cake: 0/70%, 10/60%, 35/35%, 60/10% and 70/0%; and licuri peel, set at 30%. The medium moisture ranged from 29 to 67%. Licuri peel was added to facilitate aeration of the medium; wheat bran is commonly used to produce lipases and pectinases; and degreased almond licuri cake is the substrate of interest in this work, since it was inspired by the extractive production of licuri in the semiarid region of Brazil. The wheat bran/degreased almond licuri cake ratio did not affect enzyme production by A. polychromogenes; however, with S. violaceoruber, the ratio value was significant for lipase production but not for pectinases. The medium prepared with 67% moisture and equal ratios of wheat bran and degreased almond licuri cake (35/35%) presented the highest enzymatic activities for both enzymes, 840.46 U/gds for lipases and 15.53 U/gds for pectinases, during Composite Central Design assays. With validation experiments, it was verified that licuri residues can be used as substrates for the production of hydrolases by solid-state fermentation and that actinobacteria evaluated are suitable microorganisms.

近年来，绿色技术在许多工业部门获得了空间和兴趣。这方面的例子是酶，它可以通过使用微生物和农业工业残留物作为底物的固态发酵获得。在此背景下，本研究旨在验证以多色节杆菌(Arthrobacter polychromogenes)和紫色链霉菌(Streptomyces violaceoruber)菌株为生产者的水解酶的产生，以及水分和licuri [Syagrus coronata (Martius) Beccari]和小麦残留物为底物的影响。在28℃/12天的条件下，以不同比例的麦麸/脱脂杏仁licuri饼进行固态发酵:0/70%、10/60%、35/35%、60/10%和70/0%;荔枝皮，浓度30%。介质湿度为29% ~ 67%。加入枸杞皮，促进培养基曝气;麦麸常用于生产脂肪酶和果胶酶;脱脂杏仁licuri蛋糕是这项工作感兴趣的基质，因为它的灵感来自巴西半干旱地区的licuri提取生产。麦麸/脱脂杏仁licuri饼的比例对多色芽孢杆菌产酶没有影响;然而，对于紫葡萄，比值值对脂肪酶的产生有显著意义，而对果胶酶的产生没有显著意义。在复合中心设计试验中，在含水量为67%、麦麸与脱脂杏仁licuri蛋糕比例相等(35/35%)的培养基中，脂肪酶和果胶酶的酶活性分别为840.46 U/gds和15.53 U/gds，酶活性最高。通过验证实验，验证了licuri残基可以作为固体发酵生产水解酶的底物，所评价的放线菌是合适的微生物。

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引用次数: 1

Quality of African mahogany seedlings in substrates with soils from the Cerrado biome 非洲红木幼苗在塞拉多生物群系土壤基质中的质量

IF 1.1 4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Ciencia E Agrotecnologia

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246000221

Aldemir Lucena Junior, A. Silva, L. F. S. Dionísio, G. R. Silva, G. O. Sousa, C. B. Moraes

ABSTRACT The organic residues can be used in the composition of substrates, but there is a need to demonstrate the technical efficiency of organic residues. The objective was to evaluate substrates composed of varying proportions of soil of different texture and organic residues, in order to obtain good quality African mahogany seedlings. The experiment was carried out in two stages, one in a forest nursery and the other in the field, both located in the Cerrado biome, Western Maranhão, Northeast region of Brazil. The design was in randomized blocks, with eleven treatments and seven replications. The morphological variables of growth and quality were evaluated for 105 days in the nursery and 270 days in the field. The results showed that all substrates produced seedlings with adequate robustness and Dickson quality index. The seedlings produced in substrates with proportions ranging from 70 to 30% of soil, 15 to 30% of tanned cattle manure and 15 to 20% of carbonized rice husks presented a better quality standard, considering the higher values of nutrient content, morphological characteristics and Dickson quality index. However, when planted in the field, only seedlings that were produced in substrates with clayey textured soil, with up to 20% of carbonized rice husk, showed greater growth in height, as the substrate remained adhered to the root when removed from the container. Therefore, the adherence of the substrate to the root system of the seedlings was the main factor for the greater growth of the seedlings under field conditions.

有机残留物可以用于底物的组成，但需要证明有机残留物的技术效率。目的是评估由不同比例的不同质地和有机残留物的土壤组成的基质，以获得优质的非洲红木幼苗。试验分两个阶段进行，一阶段在森林苗圃，另一阶段在田间，均位于巴西东北地区西马兰赫州塞拉多生物群落。设计采用随机分组，11个处理和7个重复。在苗圃和田间分别测定了105 d和270 d的生长和品质形态学指标。结果表明，所有基质均具有足够的稳健性和Dickson质量指数。土壤比例为70 ~ 30%、鞣制牛粪比例为15 ~ 30%、炭化稻壳比例为15 ~ 20%的育苗质量标准较好，养分含量、形态特征和Dickson品质指数均较高。然而，当在田间种植时，只有在粘土质地土壤中生长的幼苗，其中碳化稻壳高达20%，显示出更高的高度增长，因为当从容器中取出时，基质仍然粘附在根上。因此，在田间条件下，基质对幼苗根系的粘附是幼苗生长更快的主要因素。

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