Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246023821
Gabriele Lara, Á. Mógor, Juliana de Oliveira Amatussi, E. C. B. Cordeiro, Harielly Marianne Costa Marques, Gilda Mógor
ABSTRACT The development of sustainable ways to increase crop productivity is essential to meet the growing demand for food. Microalgae are rich in bioactive molecules and can be produced on a large scale and at a low cost. Therefore, we hypothesized that the microalga Asterarcys quadricellulare (CCAP 294/1), a rich source of free L-amino acids, can increase the growth and yield of tomatoes. To determine the potential of A. quadricellulare, we performed a two-year study by applying A. quadricellulare biomass using a foliar spray on tomato plants. In the first season, weekly applications were performed during the full cycle of tomatoes. The effect of A. quadricellulare biomass of 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.40 g L-1 on tomato yield was determined through regression analysis. In the second season, the solution of 0.25 g L-1, which showed the best results, was tested on two tomato cultivars using a weekly and a biweekly frequency of application. Both cultivars were positively affected by the application of biomass, which promoted the increase in leaf area and yield, along with higher contents of sugar, free amino acid, and protein. Thus, we determined the role of A. quadricellulare as an effective biofertilizer in tomatoes.
为了满足日益增长的粮食需求，开发可持续的方法来提高作物生产力至关重要。微藻含有丰富的生物活性分子，可大规模、低成本生产。因此，我们推测富含游离l -氨基酸的微藻Asterarcys quadricellulare (CCAP 294/1)对番茄的生长和产量有促进作用。为了确定quadricellulare的潜力，我们进行了为期两年的研究，通过叶面喷雾将quadricelluare生物质施用于番茄植株上。在第一个季节，在番茄的整个生长周期内，每周施用一次。通过回归分析确定了0.05、0.15、0.25和0.40 g L-1生物量对番茄产量的影响。在第二季，以0.25 g L-1溶液为对照，采用每周一次和两周一次的施用频率，在2个番茄品种上进行了效果最好的试验。生物量的施用对两个品种的叶面积和产量都有积极的影响，促进了叶片面积和产量的增加，同时提高了糖、游离氨基酸和蛋白质的含量。因此，我们确定了A. quadricellula作为一种有效的番茄生物肥料的作用。
{"title":"Microalga improve the growth, yield, and contents of sugar, amino acid, and protein of tomato","authors":"Gabriele Lara, Á. Mógor, Juliana de Oliveira Amatussi, E. C. B. Cordeiro, Harielly Marianne Costa Marques, Gilda Mógor","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246023821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246023821","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development of sustainable ways to increase crop productivity is essential to meet the growing demand for food. Microalgae are rich in bioactive molecules and can be produced on a large scale and at a low cost. Therefore, we hypothesized that the microalga Asterarcys quadricellulare (CCAP 294/1), a rich source of free L-amino acids, can increase the growth and yield of tomatoes. To determine the potential of A. quadricellulare, we performed a two-year study by applying A. quadricellulare biomass using a foliar spray on tomato plants. In the first season, weekly applications were performed during the full cycle of tomatoes. The effect of A. quadricellulare biomass of 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.40 g L-1 on tomato yield was determined through regression analysis. In the second season, the solution of 0.25 g L-1, which showed the best results, was tested on two tomato cultivars using a weekly and a biweekly frequency of application. Both cultivars were positively affected by the application of biomass, which promoted the increase in leaf area and yield, along with higher contents of sugar, free amino acid, and protein. Thus, we determined the role of A. quadricellulare as an effective biofertilizer in tomatoes.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67204394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246007322
Carolina Alessandra de Almeida Hayashibara, L. C. Costa, Elaine Aparecida de Souza, O. L. Pereira, P. Cardoso
ABSTRACT Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a leguminous species of great economic and nutritional importance worldwide, and thus the development of management strategies to promote plant growth and increase grain yield of legumes is of great interest to farmers. The growth-promoting effects of the symbiosis of endophytic microorganisms in plants have been exploited in several crops. This study investigated the effects of Induratia sp. endophytic fungi on the growth and grain yield of seed-inoculated common bean plants. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse during two growing seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Growth and yield-related parameters such as plant height, root length, leaf index, number of days for flowering, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield were evaluated. The grain yield of plants inoculated with Induratia coffeana strains CML 4018 and CML 4020 and Induratia sp. strain CML 4015 increased by 52.5%, 48.9%, and 56.4% compared to the non-inoculated control, respectively. Seed inoculation of common bean plants with endophytic fungi species of the genus Induratia showed a beneficial interaction as indicated by the recorded increase in grain yield. The present pioneering study could provide the means for developing crop management strategies for enhancing common bean crop productivity.
{"title":"Seed inoculation with endophytic Induratia species on productivity of common beans","authors":"Carolina Alessandra de Almeida Hayashibara, L. C. Costa, Elaine Aparecida de Souza, O. L. Pereira, P. Cardoso","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246007322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246007322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a leguminous species of great economic and nutritional importance worldwide, and thus the development of management strategies to promote plant growth and increase grain yield of legumes is of great interest to farmers. The growth-promoting effects of the symbiosis of endophytic microorganisms in plants have been exploited in several crops. This study investigated the effects of Induratia sp. endophytic fungi on the growth and grain yield of seed-inoculated common bean plants. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse during two growing seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Growth and yield-related parameters such as plant height, root length, leaf index, number of days for flowering, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield were evaluated. The grain yield of plants inoculated with Induratia coffeana strains CML 4018 and CML 4020 and Induratia sp. strain CML 4015 increased by 52.5%, 48.9%, and 56.4% compared to the non-inoculated control, respectively. Seed inoculation of common bean plants with endophytic fungi species of the genus Induratia showed a beneficial interaction as indicated by the recorded increase in grain yield. The present pioneering study could provide the means for developing crop management strategies for enhancing common bean crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246021621
M. A. Fayek, A. Ali, A. Rashedy
ABSTRACT Interstock is commonly used in deciduous fruit trees as a sustainable strategy to reduce the vigor of the scion associated with the high quality of fruits. In this study, we tested the effect of Paulsen 1103 (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris) as interstock on the grafting success, growth, and the physiological and chemical parameters of Flame seedless (Vitis vinifera) grapevine grafted onto Freedom (Vitis champinii x 1613C) and Paulsen 1103 rootstocks. This study was conducted over two seasons (2019 and 2020). The results indicated that direct grafting on the Paulsen 1103 rootstock recorded the highest grafting success percentage. Moreover, the grafting success percentage increased significantly when Paulsen 1103 was used as interstock between Flame seedless and Freedom rootstock (FI/P/Fr) compared to the grafting success without Paulsen 1103 interstock (FI/Fr). Also, using Paulsen 1103 as interstock between Flame seedless scion and Freedom rootstock (FI/P/Fr) significantly reduced the morphological parameters (shoot length, leaf area and the dry weight of shoots and roots) and physiological parameters of leaf (relative water content, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance) but significantly increased the leaf chemical content (peroxidase activity, total phenols, total proline, and total soluble sugar content) compared to values of the parameters measured in Flame seedless grafted onto Freedom rootstock (FI/Fr). Peroxidase activity could be used for predicting the degree of compatibility in grapevine grafts. This study suggested that the effect of Paulsen 1103 interstock on the vegetative growth of scion is correlated with its effect on chemical content and physiological responses of the scion.
摘要:在落叶果树中，间作是一种降低接穗活力和果实高品质的可持续策略。本研究以保利1103 (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris)为中间砧木，对自由葡萄(Vitis champinii x 1613C)和保利1103砧木嫁接成功、生长和生理化学参数的影响进行了研究。该研究分两个季节(2019年和2020年)进行。结果表明，直接嫁接在宝森1103砧木上的嫁接成功率最高。此外，与不使用保尔森1103作为中间砧(FI/P/Fr)的嫁接成功率相比，以保尔森1103作为中间砧(FI/Fr)的嫁接成功率显著提高。此外，保森1103作为火焰无籽接枝与自由砧木(FI/P/Fr)的中间砧木显著降低了叶片的形态参数(茎长、叶面积、茎根干重)和生理参数(相对含水量、蒸腾速率和气孔导度)，显著提高了叶片的化学含量(过氧化物酶活性、总酚、总脯氨酸、和总可溶性糖含量)，与火焰无籽嫁接自由砧木的参数值(FI/Fr)比较。过氧化物酶活性可用于预测葡萄嫁接的亲和性。本研究表明，保尔森1103砧木对接穗营养生长的影响与其对接穗化学成分和生理反应的影响有关。
{"title":"Physiological and chemical performance of the Flame seedless grapevine cultivar in the presence of Paulsen 1103 as the interstock","authors":"M. A. Fayek, A. Ali, A. Rashedy","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246021621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246021621","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Interstock is commonly used in deciduous fruit trees as a sustainable strategy to reduce the vigor of the scion associated with the high quality of fruits. In this study, we tested the effect of Paulsen 1103 (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris) as interstock on the grafting success, growth, and the physiological and chemical parameters of Flame seedless (Vitis vinifera) grapevine grafted onto Freedom (Vitis champinii x 1613C) and Paulsen 1103 rootstocks. This study was conducted over two seasons (2019 and 2020). The results indicated that direct grafting on the Paulsen 1103 rootstock recorded the highest grafting success percentage. Moreover, the grafting success percentage increased significantly when Paulsen 1103 was used as interstock between Flame seedless and Freedom rootstock (FI/P/Fr) compared to the grafting success without Paulsen 1103 interstock (FI/Fr). Also, using Paulsen 1103 as interstock between Flame seedless scion and Freedom rootstock (FI/P/Fr) significantly reduced the morphological parameters (shoot length, leaf area and the dry weight of shoots and roots) and physiological parameters of leaf (relative water content, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance) but significantly increased the leaf chemical content (peroxidase activity, total phenols, total proline, and total soluble sugar content) compared to values of the parameters measured in Flame seedless grafted onto Freedom rootstock (FI/Fr). Peroxidase activity could be used for predicting the degree of compatibility in grapevine grafts. This study suggested that the effect of Paulsen 1103 interstock on the vegetative growth of scion is correlated with its effect on chemical content and physiological responses of the scion.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67204547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246002722
J. Aguilera, Bruna Izabel Krewer, N. J. Ribeiro, A. M. Zuffo, R. Ratke, Ahmed Youssef Abdelnabi Mohamed Elsayed
ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the impact of two planting positions of cassava cuttings, cv. ‘Vassourinha’, combined with different times and doses of nitrogen application, on productivity and other agronomic traits. In the experiment, the treatment was completely randomized using a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial scheme with two positions of the cuttings [horizontal (PH) and vertical (PV)], three instances of N application (45, 90, and 135 days after planting), and four doses of N (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg ha-1), with six repetitions. We recorded and evaluated the plant height, number of shoots, stem diameter, biomass of the aerial part, number of commercial roots, the total production, and the collection index. The addition of 240 kg ha-1 N and PH increased plant height and stem diameter but did not affect the number of commercial roots, total production, or the collection index. The treatment involving the addition of nitrogen fertilizer 135 days after planting with 240 kg ha-1 N and planting in the PV provided the highest amount of shoot biomass without influencing crop productivity.
摘要/ ABSTRACT摘要:本研究以木薯插枝为研究对象，研究了两种种植位置对玉米产量的影响。“Vassourinha”，结合不同的施氮时间和剂量，对生产力和其他农艺性状的影响。试验采用2 × 3 × 4因子随机处理方案，2个扦插位置[水平(PH)和垂直(PV)]， 3次施氮(种植后45、90和135 d)， 4次施氮(0、80、160和240 kg hm -1)， 6个重复。对其株高、芽数、茎粗、地上部分生物量、商品根数、总产量和采收指数进行了记录和评价。添加240 kg hm -1 N和PH可增加植株高度和茎粗，但对商品根数、总产量和收集指数没有影响。种植后135 d施氮240 kg hm -1，在不影响作物生产力的情况下，在PV中种植的处理提供了最高的地上部生物量。
{"title":"Planting position and application of different doses of nitrogen at different times on cassava","authors":"J. Aguilera, Bruna Izabel Krewer, N. J. Ribeiro, A. M. Zuffo, R. Ratke, Ahmed Youssef Abdelnabi Mohamed Elsayed","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246002722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246002722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the impact of two planting positions of cassava cuttings, cv. ‘Vassourinha’, combined with different times and doses of nitrogen application, on productivity and other agronomic traits. In the experiment, the treatment was completely randomized using a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial scheme with two positions of the cuttings [horizontal (PH) and vertical (PV)], three instances of N application (45, 90, and 135 days after planting), and four doses of N (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg ha-1), with six repetitions. We recorded and evaluated the plant height, number of shoots, stem diameter, biomass of the aerial part, number of commercial roots, the total production, and the collection index. The addition of 240 kg ha-1 N and PH increased plant height and stem diameter but did not affect the number of commercial roots, total production, or the collection index. The treatment involving the addition of nitrogen fertilizer 135 days after planting with 240 kg ha-1 N and planting in the PV provided the highest amount of shoot biomass without influencing crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246004622
Romeu da Silva Leite, S. Navarro, Marilza Neves do Nascimento, Norlan Miguel Ruiz Potosme, Alismário Leite da Silva, Robson de Jesus Santos
ABSTRACT Water deficit is the main cause of abiotic stress to which plants are susceptible, whether cultivated or those that are underexploited, such as Physalis peruviana L. Searching for tools that contribute to the management of water deficit in plants is fundamental for the maintenance of agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid areas around the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical priming with proline and sodium nitroprusside as promoters of increased tolerance to water deficit in P. peruviana plants. Plants grown under well hydrated conditions (FC of 70±5%) were sprayed with proline (10 and 20 mM) or sodium nitroprusside (25 and 50 μM) and evaluated after exposure to water deficit (FC of 20±5%). Plants cultivated under water deficit without pretreatment showed reductions in the variables of water relations, gas exchange and growth. Proline and sodium nitroprusside were effective in maintaining less negative water potential, contributing to improvements in gas exchange, such as CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration. Thus, it was possible to measure greater tolerance to water deficit in pretreated plants and, consequently, greater biomass accumulation. It appeard that pretreatment of proline and sodium nitroprusside can have a priming effect against water deficit in P. peruviana plants.
{"title":"Proline and sodium nitroprusside increase the tolerance of Physalis peruviana L. plants to water deficit through chemical priming","authors":"Romeu da Silva Leite, S. Navarro, Marilza Neves do Nascimento, Norlan Miguel Ruiz Potosme, Alismário Leite da Silva, Robson de Jesus Santos","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246004622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246004622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Water deficit is the main cause of abiotic stress to which plants are susceptible, whether cultivated or those that are underexploited, such as Physalis peruviana L. Searching for tools that contribute to the management of water deficit in plants is fundamental for the maintenance of agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid areas around the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical priming with proline and sodium nitroprusside as promoters of increased tolerance to water deficit in P. peruviana plants. Plants grown under well hydrated conditions (FC of 70±5%) were sprayed with proline (10 and 20 mM) or sodium nitroprusside (25 and 50 μM) and evaluated after exposure to water deficit (FC of 20±5%). Plants cultivated under water deficit without pretreatment showed reductions in the variables of water relations, gas exchange and growth. Proline and sodium nitroprusside were effective in maintaining less negative water potential, contributing to improvements in gas exchange, such as CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration. Thus, it was possible to measure greater tolerance to water deficit in pretreated plants and, consequently, greater biomass accumulation. It appeard that pretreatment of proline and sodium nitroprusside can have a priming effect against water deficit in P. peruviana plants.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246006222
Thassio Monteiro Menezes da Silva, B. R. Costa, H. Oldoni, M. C. Mitsuyuki, L. Bassoi
ABSTRACT The monitoring of chlorophyll content in grapevine leaves allows us to evaluate their N status, assisting with the information for the decision make about nutrient rate and application time to the vineyard. The present work aimed to propose an easy-to-use procedure for the calibration of a chlorophyll hand-held meter based on the NDVI homogeneous zones in a vineyard for the device readings and leaf sampling. We evaluated the wine grape ‘Chardonnay’ growing under drip irrigation in a vineyard located in the Southeast region of Brazil. Readings of the relative chlorophyll indices (a, b, and total) were taken in situ four times throughout the 2019 growing season, with the device placed on two leaves of every 40 pre-selected target plants in two homogeneous zones of NDVI previously defined in the vineyard. Subsequently, the chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen contents were determined in laboratory to relate them to the chlorophyll meter readings through generalized estimation equations. The chlorophyll meter is capable of estimating the levels of chlorophyll a, b and total by the models generated with an error of 0.98, 0.58, and 1.47 µg ml-1 cm-2 for calibration and of 1.03, 0.67, and 1.49 µg ml -1 cm-2 for prediction, respectively. The functions developed for the leaf N content present calibration error of 1.49 g kg-1 and prediction error of 3.39 g kg-1, but capable of providing an estimate when error is less than the amplitude of nitrogen sufficiency.
摘要:通过对葡萄叶片叶绿素含量的监测，我们可以评估叶片的氮素状况，为葡萄园的养分分配和施用时间决策提供信息。目前的工作旨在提出一种易于使用的程序，用于校准基于葡萄园NDVI均匀区的叶绿素手持式仪表，用于设备读数和叶片采样。我们评估了在巴西东南部地区的一个葡萄园里，用滴灌方式种植的酿酒葡萄“霞多丽”。相对叶绿素指数(a、b和总)的读数在整个2019年生长季节在原地进行了四次，将该装置放置在葡萄园中预先定义的两个均匀NDVI区域中每40个预先选择的目标植物的两片叶子上。随后，在实验室中测定叶绿素和叶片氮含量，通过广义估计方程将它们与叶绿素计读数联系起来。叶绿素计能够通过生成的模型估计叶绿素a、b和total的水平，校准误差分别为0.98、0.58和1.47µg ml-1 cm-2，预测误差分别为1.03、0.67和1.49µg ml-1 cm-2。所开发的叶片氮含量函数的校正误差为1.49 g kg-1，预测误差为3.39 g kg-1，但在误差小于氮充足幅度时能够提供估算值。
{"title":"Calibration of chlorophyll hand-held meter based on vineyard NDVI zones for estimation of leaf N content","authors":"Thassio Monteiro Menezes da Silva, B. R. Costa, H. Oldoni, M. C. Mitsuyuki, L. Bassoi","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246006222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246006222","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The monitoring of chlorophyll content in grapevine leaves allows us to evaluate their N status, assisting with the information for the decision make about nutrient rate and application time to the vineyard. The present work aimed to propose an easy-to-use procedure for the calibration of a chlorophyll hand-held meter based on the NDVI homogeneous zones in a vineyard for the device readings and leaf sampling. We evaluated the wine grape ‘Chardonnay’ growing under drip irrigation in a vineyard located in the Southeast region of Brazil. Readings of the relative chlorophyll indices (a, b, and total) were taken in situ four times throughout the 2019 growing season, with the device placed on two leaves of every 40 pre-selected target plants in two homogeneous zones of NDVI previously defined in the vineyard. Subsequently, the chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen contents were determined in laboratory to relate them to the chlorophyll meter readings through generalized estimation equations. The chlorophyll meter is capable of estimating the levels of chlorophyll a, b and total by the models generated with an error of 0.98, 0.58, and 1.47 µg ml-1 cm-2 for calibration and of 1.03, 0.67, and 1.49 µg ml -1 cm-2 for prediction, respectively. The functions developed for the leaf N content present calibration error of 1.49 g kg-1 and prediction error of 3.39 g kg-1, but capable of providing an estimate when error is less than the amplitude of nitrogen sufficiency.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246022621
F. W. A. Pinheiro, G. S. Lima, H. Gheyi, L. A. A. Soares, R. G. Nobre, P. Fernandes
ABSTRACT The high concentration of salts in water sources in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast stands out as one of the limiting factors for the expansion of irrigated cultivation of fruit crops. Thus, the search for a strategy capable of mitigating the effect of saline stress on plants is of paramount importance. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange and yield of yellow passion fruit cultivated under brackish water irrigation strategies and potassium fertilization in two production cycles. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, using the randomized block design in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to six strategies of irrigation with brackish water applied in the different phenological stages of the crop: WS - without stress, irrigation with low-salinity water throughout the crop cycle; irrigation with high-salinity water only in the vegetative stage - VE; flowering stage - FL; fruiting stage - FR; and successively in the vegetative and flowering stages - VE/FL; and vegetative and fruiting stages - VE/FR, and two potassium doses (60 and 100% of the recommendation), with four replicates and three plants per plot. In irrigation, water with high (4.0 dS m-1) or low (1.3 dS m-1) electrical conductivity was used. The potassium dose of 100% recommendation corresponded to 345 g of K2O per plant per year. The yellow passion fruit ‘BRS GA1’ was more sensitive to salt stress applied successively in the vegetative and flowering stages and vegetative and fruiting stages, showing reductions in the intercellular CO2 concentration, CO2 assimilation rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, number of fruits, and yield. Irrigation with water of 4.0 dS m-1 in the fruiting stage is a promising strategy, as it does not compromise production. The dose of potassium equivalent to 60% was better than 100% of recommendation in terms of gas exchange and yield.
{"title":"Brackish water irrigation strategies and potassium fertilization in the cultivation of yellow passion fruit","authors":"F. W. A. Pinheiro, G. S. Lima, H. Gheyi, L. A. A. Soares, R. G. Nobre, P. Fernandes","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246022621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246022621","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The high concentration of salts in water sources in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast stands out as one of the limiting factors for the expansion of irrigated cultivation of fruit crops. Thus, the search for a strategy capable of mitigating the effect of saline stress on plants is of paramount importance. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange and yield of yellow passion fruit cultivated under brackish water irrigation strategies and potassium fertilization in two production cycles. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, using the randomized block design in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to six strategies of irrigation with brackish water applied in the different phenological stages of the crop: WS - without stress, irrigation with low-salinity water throughout the crop cycle; irrigation with high-salinity water only in the vegetative stage - VE; flowering stage - FL; fruiting stage - FR; and successively in the vegetative and flowering stages - VE/FL; and vegetative and fruiting stages - VE/FR, and two potassium doses (60 and 100% of the recommendation), with four replicates and three plants per plot. In irrigation, water with high (4.0 dS m-1) or low (1.3 dS m-1) electrical conductivity was used. The potassium dose of 100% recommendation corresponded to 345 g of K2O per plant per year. The yellow passion fruit ‘BRS GA1’ was more sensitive to salt stress applied successively in the vegetative and flowering stages and vegetative and fruiting stages, showing reductions in the intercellular CO2 concentration, CO2 assimilation rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, number of fruits, and yield. Irrigation with water of 4.0 dS m-1 in the fruiting stage is a promising strategy, as it does not compromise production. The dose of potassium equivalent to 60% was better than 100% of recommendation in terms of gas exchange and yield.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67204617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246000522
Iara Alves Ferreira, N.A.B. Fávaris, S. Rosa, S. Coelho, Marcela Andreotti Ricaldoni, Marina Chagas Costa
ABSTRACT The causes of the low desiccation tolerance and low longevity of coffee seeds have not yet been fully elucidated, and a full understanding of their complex physiology is of great interest. Among several alternatives, the loss of antioxidant capacity in seeds may be related to their rapid loss in quality during storage. The objective of this study was to determine the total antioxidant capacity of coffee harvested at different ripeness stages before and after the storage of seeds with different water contents and to relate antioxidant capacity to physiological quality. Seeds in the greenish-yellow or cherry stages, recently harvested or stored for nine months at 10 °C with 40, 30, 20 and 12% water content (wet basis - wb), were submitted to physiological and biochemical quality evaluations, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was determined. The germination and root protrusion of coffee seeds from greenish-yellow and cherry fruits were not affected by drying, but seeds harvested at physiological maturity had greater vigor when the moisture content was lower. The quality of coffee seeds decreased during storage, and this decrease was greater in seeds stored with higher water contents. Coffee seeds in the greenish-yellow stage had a higher antioxidant capacity than those in the cherry stage when recently harvested, but there was a substantial reduction in this capacity during storage at both maturation stages. Coffee seed deterioration is related to a reduction in antioxidant capacity, and the isoenzymatic profiles of the antioxidant process are little affected by the seed maturation stage. The deterioration of coffee seeds during storage is related to a reduction in their total antioxidant capacity, regardless of their maturation stage, being more pronounced in the greenish-yellow stage.
{"title":"Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of Coffea arabica L. seeds","authors":"Iara Alves Ferreira, N.A.B. Fávaris, S. Rosa, S. Coelho, Marcela Andreotti Ricaldoni, Marina Chagas Costa","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246000522","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The causes of the low desiccation tolerance and low longevity of coffee seeds have not yet been fully elucidated, and a full understanding of their complex physiology is of great interest. Among several alternatives, the loss of antioxidant capacity in seeds may be related to their rapid loss in quality during storage. The objective of this study was to determine the total antioxidant capacity of coffee harvested at different ripeness stages before and after the storage of seeds with different water contents and to relate antioxidant capacity to physiological quality. Seeds in the greenish-yellow or cherry stages, recently harvested or stored for nine months at 10 °C with 40, 30, 20 and 12% water content (wet basis - wb), were submitted to physiological and biochemical quality evaluations, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was determined. The germination and root protrusion of coffee seeds from greenish-yellow and cherry fruits were not affected by drying, but seeds harvested at physiological maturity had greater vigor when the moisture content was lower. The quality of coffee seeds decreased during storage, and this decrease was greater in seeds stored with higher water contents. Coffee seeds in the greenish-yellow stage had a higher antioxidant capacity than those in the cherry stage when recently harvested, but there was a substantial reduction in this capacity during storage at both maturation stages. Coffee seed deterioration is related to a reduction in antioxidant capacity, and the isoenzymatic profiles of the antioxidant process are little affected by the seed maturation stage. The deterioration of coffee seeds during storage is related to a reduction in their total antioxidant capacity, regardless of their maturation stage, being more pronounced in the greenish-yellow stage.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246006022
Luis Márquez-Villacorta, Carla Pretell-Vásquez, María Hayayumi-Valdivia
ABSTRACT The application of edible coatings containing natural antimicrobials is a postharvest conservation technology in fruits that have generated interest. This research aimed the determination of the edible coating composition and the concentration of essential oil that allows optimizing the physical-mechanical characteristics for its application in the conservation of blueberries. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of cinnamon and lemon was determined, resulting in a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3% in both cases. After applying the Box Behnken design of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the optimal treatment for edible coating with cinnamon essential oil 0.3% was determined: aloe vera gel 18.40%, gelatin 2%, and glycerol 0.055% obtaining values of 27.95% solubility, 0.90 mm of deformation and 3.34 N of breaking strength. Likewise, the same procedure was followed for the coating with lemon essential oil 0.3%, determining as optimal 23.94% aloe vera gel, 2% gelatin, and 0.05% glycerol, getting values of 28.06% solubility, 0.45 mm deformation, and 4.53 N of breaking strength. Finally, their applications in Biloxi blueberries were validated, preserving the main physicochemical and microbiological quality attributes during 28 days of storage at 2 °C, compared, to a control sample.
{"title":"Optimization of edible coating with essential oils in blueberries","authors":"Luis Márquez-Villacorta, Carla Pretell-Vásquez, María Hayayumi-Valdivia","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246006022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246006022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The application of edible coatings containing natural antimicrobials is a postharvest conservation technology in fruits that have generated interest. This research aimed the determination of the edible coating composition and the concentration of essential oil that allows optimizing the physical-mechanical characteristics for its application in the conservation of blueberries. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of cinnamon and lemon was determined, resulting in a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3% in both cases. After applying the Box Behnken design of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the optimal treatment for edible coating with cinnamon essential oil 0.3% was determined: aloe vera gel 18.40%, gelatin 2%, and glycerol 0.055% obtaining values of 27.95% solubility, 0.90 mm of deformation and 3.34 N of breaking strength. Likewise, the same procedure was followed for the coating with lemon essential oil 0.3%, determining as optimal 23.94% aloe vera gel, 2% gelatin, and 0.05% glycerol, getting values of 28.06% solubility, 0.45 mm deformation, and 4.53 N of breaking strength. Finally, their applications in Biloxi blueberries were validated, preserving the main physicochemical and microbiological quality attributes during 28 days of storage at 2 °C, compared, to a control sample.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246009422
B. C. Silva, Karolina Victória Rosa, Haluko Massago, R. L. Serafini, F. N. Vieira
ABSTRACT Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has an opportunistic omnivorous feeding behavior and studies have demonstrated the consumption of microorganisms by the species from bioflocs, especially in the early phases of life. One may thus assume that when reared in biofloc systems, there may be a reduction in the feeding rates in the Nile tilapia nursery system when compared to the ponds. This study evaluated the effects of different feeding management options in Nile tilapia nurseries in a biofloc system. A total of 700 fingerlings (2.37 ± 0.55 g) were stocked in 20 experimental units (100 L) and inoculated with mature biofloc for the evaluation of five different feeding management options. After 49 days, it was observed that the higher feed rates caused an increase in nitrogen compounds and solids in the water, worsening the feed conversion rate. Furthermore, the excess feed supplied to the tilapia in the biofloc caused a reduction in the utilization of protein nitrogen, an increase in the liver and visceral fat, in addition to an increase in the production of solids and consumption of alkalinizer by fish biomass. On the other hand, low feeding rates cause a decrease in the growth and uniformity of the tilapia juveniles. Taking the results into consideration, it is recommended to use the feed management option proposed in treatment TC (26% below the highest feed rate) in the tilapia nursery in the biofloc system.
{"title":"Nile tilapia nursery feeding management in a biofloc system","authors":"B. C. Silva, Karolina Victória Rosa, Haluko Massago, R. L. Serafini, F. N. Vieira","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246009422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246009422","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has an opportunistic omnivorous feeding behavior and studies have demonstrated the consumption of microorganisms by the species from bioflocs, especially in the early phases of life. One may thus assume that when reared in biofloc systems, there may be a reduction in the feeding rates in the Nile tilapia nursery system when compared to the ponds. This study evaluated the effects of different feeding management options in Nile tilapia nurseries in a biofloc system. A total of 700 fingerlings (2.37 ± 0.55 g) were stocked in 20 experimental units (100 L) and inoculated with mature biofloc for the evaluation of five different feeding management options. After 49 days, it was observed that the higher feed rates caused an increase in nitrogen compounds and solids in the water, worsening the feed conversion rate. Furthermore, the excess feed supplied to the tilapia in the biofloc caused a reduction in the utilization of protein nitrogen, an increase in the liver and visceral fat, in addition to an increase in the production of solids and consumption of alkalinizer by fish biomass. On the other hand, low feeding rates cause a decrease in the growth and uniformity of the tilapia juveniles. Taking the results into consideration, it is recommended to use the feed management option proposed in treatment TC (26% below the highest feed rate) in the tilapia nursery in the biofloc system.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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