Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347015622
A. A. R. D. Silva, G. S. Lima, C. A. D. Azevedo, T. F. L. Arruda, H. Gheyi, L. A. A. Soares
ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the largest cashew producers in the world, and its Northeast region stands out. However, cashew growth and development are negatively affected by irrigation with brackish water in its production. In this context, strategies have been employed to alleviate salt stress effects on plants. Among the strategies, the exogenous application of elicitor substances, such as salicylic acid, has stood out. Given the above, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid as an attenuator of salt stress on the morphophysiology of early dwarf cashew. The study was carried out in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design, in a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water - ECw (0.4, 1.2, 2.0, 2.8, and 3.6 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0, 1, 2, and 3 mM), with three replicates and one plant per plot. Irrigation with water of electrical conductivity above 0.4 dS m-1 negatively affected the leaf relative water content, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of plants. Salicylic acid at a concentration of 1 mM attenuated the effects of salt stress on electrolyte leakage, relative water content, gas exchange, synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, and growth of early dwarf cashew irrigated using water with ECw of up to 3.6 dS m-1, at 210 days after transplanting.
{"title":"Salicylic acid attenuates the harmful effects of salt stress on the morphophysiology of early dwarf cashew","authors":"A. A. R. D. Silva, G. S. Lima, C. A. D. Azevedo, T. F. L. Arruda, H. Gheyi, L. A. A. Soares","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347015622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347015622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the largest cashew producers in the world, and its Northeast region stands out. However, cashew growth and development are negatively affected by irrigation with brackish water in its production. In this context, strategies have been employed to alleviate salt stress effects on plants. Among the strategies, the exogenous application of elicitor substances, such as salicylic acid, has stood out. Given the above, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid as an attenuator of salt stress on the morphophysiology of early dwarf cashew. The study was carried out in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design, in a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water - ECw (0.4, 1.2, 2.0, 2.8, and 3.6 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0, 1, 2, and 3 mM), with three replicates and one plant per plot. Irrigation with water of electrical conductivity above 0.4 dS m-1 negatively affected the leaf relative water content, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of plants. Salicylic acid at a concentration of 1 mM attenuated the effects of salt stress on electrolyte leakage, relative water content, gas exchange, synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, and growth of early dwarf cashew irrigated using water with ECw of up to 3.6 dS m-1, at 210 days after transplanting.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67206841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347002423
D. Batistella, A. Modolo, J. R. R. Campos, V. Lima
ABSTRACT Remote sensing has proven to be a promising tool allowing crop monitoring over large geographic areas. In addition, when combined with machine learning methods, the algorithms can be used for estimating crop yield. This study sought to estimate soybean yield through the enhanced vegetation index and normalized difference vegetation index. These vegetation indices were obtained using moderate-resolution imaging spectro-radiometer (MODIS) sensors on AQUA and TERRA satellites and multispectral instrument (MSI) sensor on Sentinel-2 satellite. Random forest (RF) algorithm was used to predict soybean yield and the estimation models were compared with the actual plot’s yield. The RF algorithm showed good performance to estimate soybean yield with our models (R2 = 0.60 and RMSE = 0.50 for MSI; R² = 0.63 and RMSE = 0.59 for MODIS). Vegetation indices with imaging dates corresponding to the crop’s maturation had a higher degree of importance in its predictive ability. However, when comparing the actual and predicted soybean production values, differences of 145 kg ha-1 in contrast to 4 kg ha-1 were found for the MODIS and MSI models, respectively. Therefore, the MSI sensor integrated with machine learning algorithms accurately estimated crop yields.
遥感已被证明是一种很有前途的工具，可以在大的地理区域进行作物监测。此外，当与机器学习方法相结合时，该算法可用于估计作物产量。本研究试图通过增强植被指数和归一化差异植被指数估算大豆产量。这些植被指数是利用AQUA和TERRA卫星上的中分辨率成像光谱辐射计(MODIS)传感器和Sentinel-2卫星上的多光谱仪器(MSI)传感器获得的。采用随机森林(RF)算法对大豆产量进行预测，并将预测模型与地块实际产量进行比较。RF算法在预测大豆产量方面表现出良好的性能(MSI的R2 = 0.60, RMSE = 0.50;MODIS的R²= 0.63,RMSE = 0.59)。具有与作物成熟期相对应的成像日期的植被指数在预测能力上具有较高的重要性。然而，当比较实际和预测的大豆产值时，MODIS和MSI模型的差异分别为145 kg ha-1和4 kg ha-1。因此，集成了机器学习算法的MSI传感器可以准确地估计作物产量。
{"title":"Comparative analysis of orbital sensors in soybean yield estimation by the random forest algorithm","authors":"D. Batistella, A. Modolo, J. R. R. Campos, V. Lima","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347002423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347002423","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Remote sensing has proven to be a promising tool allowing crop monitoring over large geographic areas. In addition, when combined with machine learning methods, the algorithms can be used for estimating crop yield. This study sought to estimate soybean yield through the enhanced vegetation index and normalized difference vegetation index. These vegetation indices were obtained using moderate-resolution imaging spectro-radiometer (MODIS) sensors on AQUA and TERRA satellites and multispectral instrument (MSI) sensor on Sentinel-2 satellite. Random forest (RF) algorithm was used to predict soybean yield and the estimation models were compared with the actual plot’s yield. The RF algorithm showed good performance to estimate soybean yield with our models (R2 = 0.60 and RMSE = 0.50 for MSI; R² = 0.63 and RMSE = 0.59 for MODIS). Vegetation indices with imaging dates corresponding to the crop’s maturation had a higher degree of importance in its predictive ability. However, when comparing the actual and predicted soybean production values, differences of 145 kg ha-1 in contrast to 4 kg ha-1 were found for the MODIS and MSI models, respectively. Therefore, the MSI sensor integrated with machine learning algorithms accurately estimated crop yields.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347015322
Isadora Rodrigues Medina, Guilherme Henrique da Rocha, E. G. Pereira
ABSTRACT Drought stress is the main abiotic factor limiting soybean yield. The memory of recurrent water stress can provide greater efficiency in minimizing the negative effects of drought. Thus, the aim of this work was to understand the temporal adjustments in photosynthesis presented by soybeans when exposed to recurrent drought at the beginning of the flowering and grain filling stages. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with five replications, consisting of four treatments: i) WS-R1 (moderate water deficit at the beginning of flowering), ii) WS-R5 (severe water deficit during grain filling), iii) WS-R1+R5 (moderate water deficit at early flowering and severe water deficit during grain filling), and iv) WW (well-watered condition). Severe stress caused reductions in gas exchange parameters and the relative water content, with increased initial fluorescence and water use efficiency. The plants from the WS-R5 and WS-R1+R5 treatments showed a reduction in the apparent rate of electron transport in photosystem II (PSII), photochemical quenching, and effective quantum yield of PSII, as well as increased nonphotochemical quenching values. Furthermore, the proline concentration in the leaves was higher in plants from the WS-R1+R5 treatment, contributing to the greater ability to maintain turgid cells compared to the WS-R5 plants. The photosynthetic adjustments related to faster isohydric responses and photoprotective mechanisms in soybean plants subjected to recurrent drought allowed the maintenance in the weight or number of grains compared to plants without water restriction, demonstrating the activation of efficient memory mechanisms of response to water stress.
{"title":"Photosynthetic adjustments and proline concentration are probably linked to stress memory in soybean exposed to recurrent drought","authors":"Isadora Rodrigues Medina, Guilherme Henrique da Rocha, E. G. Pereira","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347015322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347015322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drought stress is the main abiotic factor limiting soybean yield. The memory of recurrent water stress can provide greater efficiency in minimizing the negative effects of drought. Thus, the aim of this work was to understand the temporal adjustments in photosynthesis presented by soybeans when exposed to recurrent drought at the beginning of the flowering and grain filling stages. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with five replications, consisting of four treatments: i) WS-R1 (moderate water deficit at the beginning of flowering), ii) WS-R5 (severe water deficit during grain filling), iii) WS-R1+R5 (moderate water deficit at early flowering and severe water deficit during grain filling), and iv) WW (well-watered condition). Severe stress caused reductions in gas exchange parameters and the relative water content, with increased initial fluorescence and water use efficiency. The plants from the WS-R5 and WS-R1+R5 treatments showed a reduction in the apparent rate of electron transport in photosystem II (PSII), photochemical quenching, and effective quantum yield of PSII, as well as increased nonphotochemical quenching values. Furthermore, the proline concentration in the leaves was higher in plants from the WS-R1+R5 treatment, contributing to the greater ability to maintain turgid cells compared to the WS-R5 plants. The photosynthetic adjustments related to faster isohydric responses and photoprotective mechanisms in soybean plants subjected to recurrent drought allowed the maintenance in the weight or number of grains compared to plants without water restriction, demonstrating the activation of efficient memory mechanisms of response to water stress.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67206235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347018022
Drucylla Guerra Mattos, P. Paiva, Diogo Pedrosa Corrêa da Silva, Michele Valquíria dos Reis, Antônio Rodrigues da Cunha Neto, R. Paiva
ABSTRACT Low-temperature storage is one of the most effective techniques to maintain the quality and durability of cut flowers. Both quality maintenance and durability are dependent on plant metabolism factors such as antioxidant system. The objective was to evaluate the effect of low-temperature on precooling and storage after harvest, on the metabolism of calla lily [Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) K. Spreng] concerning the antioxidant system, levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Therefore, different storage temperatures (4 ºC and 21 ºC) were tested as well as the effect of precooling in different periods (0 to 24 hours). It was observed that the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased at 4 °C, as well as inflorescence durability in the commercial standard (around 12 days). At 21 °C, the content of H2O2 and MDA was higher and the visual quality reduction in the inflorescence was accelerated. Low-temperature leads to a higher activity of the enzymes of the antioxidant system (CAT and SOD) and increases postharvest longevity for calla lily. Precooling did not influence the visual quality and longevity of calla lily. Long-term exposure periods at low temperatures, with 12 and 24 hours of precooling caused stress, evidenced higher MDA levels and higher CAT activity. SOD activity was related to low temperature and shorter precooling periods resulted in better antioxidant system activity and lower MDA levels.
{"title":"Precooling and cold storage effects on antioxidant system in calla lily postharvest","authors":"Drucylla Guerra Mattos, P. Paiva, Diogo Pedrosa Corrêa da Silva, Michele Valquíria dos Reis, Antônio Rodrigues da Cunha Neto, R. Paiva","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347018022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347018022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Low-temperature storage is one of the most effective techniques to maintain the quality and durability of cut flowers. Both quality maintenance and durability are dependent on plant metabolism factors such as antioxidant system. The objective was to evaluate the effect of low-temperature on precooling and storage after harvest, on the metabolism of calla lily [Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) K. Spreng] concerning the antioxidant system, levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Therefore, different storage temperatures (4 ºC and 21 ºC) were tested as well as the effect of precooling in different periods (0 to 24 hours). It was observed that the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased at 4 °C, as well as inflorescence durability in the commercial standard (around 12 days). At 21 °C, the content of H2O2 and MDA was higher and the visual quality reduction in the inflorescence was accelerated. Low-temperature leads to a higher activity of the enzymes of the antioxidant system (CAT and SOD) and increases postharvest longevity for calla lily. Precooling did not influence the visual quality and longevity of calla lily. Long-term exposure periods at low temperatures, with 12 and 24 hours of precooling caused stress, evidenced higher MDA levels and higher CAT activity. SOD activity was related to low temperature and shorter precooling periods resulted in better antioxidant system activity and lower MDA levels.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67207151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347000123
Fernanda Andrade Leite, Rafaela Ribeiro de Souza, G. C. D. S. Souza, Lucas Gomes de Lima, Clébio Pereira Ferreira, M. Z. Beckmann-Cavalcante
ABSTRACT The amount of solar irradiation available in the growing environment can cause significant changes in physiology and leaf anatomy that enable crops to acclimate to different light conditions. In this sense, the objective was to characterize the leaf anatomy and to elucidate the morpho-physiological mechanisms of acclimation to high solar irradiance of heliconia genotypes during the initial stage of development under semiarid conditions. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Petrolina, Pernambuco state, Brazil (09° 19’ 14” S, 40° 32’ 40” W, and 387 m of altitude) and the behavior of three heliconia genotypes (Heliconia rauliniana; H. bihai cv. Lobster Claw Two, and H. rostrata) grown in full sun and shading (50%) environments were evaluated. At 30 days after the implementation of the experiment, leaf anatomy, chlorophyll index, plant height, number of leaves, and number of tillers were analyzed. Heliconia leaves are characterized as amphistomatous with tetracytic stomata. In its main vein there are aerenchyma structures and hypodermis on the abaxial and adaxial sides. The responses to different light conditions in plants of H. bihai, H. rauliniana, and H. rostrata are genotype-specific. Furthermore, the anatomical structures and physiological changes observed in H. bihai and H. rauliniana plants demonstrate that these genotypes present greater plasticity and consequently greater potential for acclimation to high solar irradiation conditions. Thus, the genotypes H. rauliniana and H. bihai emerge as a potential alternative for cultivation in gardens or in open areas and for exploration as cut flower in regions with high solar irradiation availability.
{"title":"Leaf anatomy and morpho-physiological mechanisms of acclimation to high irradiance in heliconia genotypes","authors":"Fernanda Andrade Leite, Rafaela Ribeiro de Souza, G. C. D. S. Souza, Lucas Gomes de Lima, Clébio Pereira Ferreira, M. Z. Beckmann-Cavalcante","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347000123","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The amount of solar irradiation available in the growing environment can cause significant changes in physiology and leaf anatomy that enable crops to acclimate to different light conditions. In this sense, the objective was to characterize the leaf anatomy and to elucidate the morpho-physiological mechanisms of acclimation to high solar irradiance of heliconia genotypes during the initial stage of development under semiarid conditions. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Petrolina, Pernambuco state, Brazil (09° 19’ 14” S, 40° 32’ 40” W, and 387 m of altitude) and the behavior of three heliconia genotypes (Heliconia rauliniana; H. bihai cv. Lobster Claw Two, and H. rostrata) grown in full sun and shading (50%) environments were evaluated. At 30 days after the implementation of the experiment, leaf anatomy, chlorophyll index, plant height, number of leaves, and number of tillers were analyzed. Heliconia leaves are characterized as amphistomatous with tetracytic stomata. In its main vein there are aerenchyma structures and hypodermis on the abaxial and adaxial sides. The responses to different light conditions in plants of H. bihai, H. rauliniana, and H. rostrata are genotype-specific. Furthermore, the anatomical structures and physiological changes observed in H. bihai and H. rauliniana plants demonstrate that these genotypes present greater plasticity and consequently greater potential for acclimation to high solar irradiation conditions. Thus, the genotypes H. rauliniana and H. bihai emerge as a potential alternative for cultivation in gardens or in open areas and for exploration as cut flower in regions with high solar irradiation availability.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347019322
N. D. Ribeiro, S. M. Maziero, Henrique da Silva Argenta
ABSTRACT Estimating the genetic gain obtained for technological quality traits over the years makes it possible to analyze whether the changes made meet consumer preferences, which represents an important innovation for common-bean breeding programs. The objectives of this study were to obtain genetic gain estimates for technological grain quality traits of common bean lines and investigate whether the modifications made were favorable in the context of sustainability and food and nutritional security for the coming generations. Twenty-four experiments were conducted between the years 2010 and 2022 and a total of 75 common bean lines were evaluated. Genetic gains of technological grain quality traits were determined by the Vencovsky’s (1988) method adapted for biennia. There was a significant effect of genotype for most traits evaluated, which shows the existence of genetic variability. Mass of 100 grains and water absorption had a negative genetic gain of -2.91% and -0.55% per year, respectively, indicating a reduction in these traits. Genetic gain was zero for L* value (lightness) and cooking time, denoting a plateau for these traits. Most of the common bean lines exhibit adequate L* values for carioca (L* ≥ 53) and black (L* ≤ 22) bean grains; a mass of 100 grains from 20 to 25 g; and fast cooking (≤ 25 min). The new common bean cultivars released for cultivation in the southern region of Brazil have high technological grain quality, being favorable in a context of sustainability and food and nutritional security for the coming generations.
{"title":"Genetic gain for technological traits in new cultivars developed by the Southern Brazilian common-bean network","authors":"N. D. Ribeiro, S. M. Maziero, Henrique da Silva Argenta","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347019322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347019322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Estimating the genetic gain obtained for technological quality traits over the years makes it possible to analyze whether the changes made meet consumer preferences, which represents an important innovation for common-bean breeding programs. The objectives of this study were to obtain genetic gain estimates for technological grain quality traits of common bean lines and investigate whether the modifications made were favorable in the context of sustainability and food and nutritional security for the coming generations. Twenty-four experiments were conducted between the years 2010 and 2022 and a total of 75 common bean lines were evaluated. Genetic gains of technological grain quality traits were determined by the Vencovsky’s (1988) method adapted for biennia. There was a significant effect of genotype for most traits evaluated, which shows the existence of genetic variability. Mass of 100 grains and water absorption had a negative genetic gain of -2.91% and -0.55% per year, respectively, indicating a reduction in these traits. Genetic gain was zero for L* value (lightness) and cooking time, denoting a plateau for these traits. Most of the common bean lines exhibit adequate L* values for carioca (L* ≥ 53) and black (L* ≤ 22) bean grains; a mass of 100 grains from 20 to 25 g; and fast cooking (≤ 25 min). The new common bean cultivars released for cultivation in the southern region of Brazil have high technological grain quality, being favorable in a context of sustainability and food and nutritional security for the coming generations.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67206782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347000523
Ana Carolina Ribeiro Stoppe, Mário Sérgio da Luz, José Luiz Vieira Neto, K. G. Santos
ABSTRACT The drying process can be useful to change the particulate structure, improving the powder solubility. In this study, we investigated the drying of foliar fertilizer in a spouted bed using polyethylene pellets as inert particles to improve its solubility. A 23 factorial experimental design was used to evaluate how the powder yield and moisture were affected by the feeding time, intermittency time, and feed atomizer position. The spouting instability caused powder retention on the bed wall, which decreased the powder recovery efficiency by 2.3-26.6%. Although the powder recovery efficiency was low, the solubility time was reduced by 5.9 times, probably due to particle agglomeration, which increased the amorphous phase of the fertilizer. Design alterations, suggested by the CFD data, can increase spouted bed stability and facilitate centralized spouting. Based on this, the spouted bed drying technique was applied, and it effectively increased the solubility of commercial fertilizer, thus, incorporating more desirable characteristics for field applications.
{"title":"Production of highly soluble foliar fertilizer in a spouted bed dryer","authors":"Ana Carolina Ribeiro Stoppe, Mário Sérgio da Luz, José Luiz Vieira Neto, K. G. Santos","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347000523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347000523","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The drying process can be useful to change the particulate structure, improving the powder solubility. In this study, we investigated the drying of foliar fertilizer in a spouted bed using polyethylene pellets as inert particles to improve its solubility. A 23 factorial experimental design was used to evaluate how the powder yield and moisture were affected by the feeding time, intermittency time, and feed atomizer position. The spouting instability caused powder retention on the bed wall, which decreased the powder recovery efficiency by 2.3-26.6%. Although the powder recovery efficiency was low, the solubility time was reduced by 5.9 times, probably due to particle agglomeration, which increased the amorphous phase of the fertilizer. Design alterations, suggested by the CFD data, can increase spouted bed stability and facilitate centralized spouting. Based on this, the spouted bed drying technique was applied, and it effectively increased the solubility of commercial fertilizer, thus, incorporating more desirable characteristics for field applications.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67204968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347013922
Izabel de Paula Duarte Alves, Zamira Abel de Jesus Maria, Julião Pereira, Gardênia Martins, T. Oliveira
ABSTRACT The use of natural antioxidants extracted from plants is an alternative to the application of synthetic antioxidants. In this study, we evaluated the oxidative stability of soybean oil after the addition of Curcuma longa L. leaf extracts compared to its oxidative stability with the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT Different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. leaves were added to the oil, and the mixture was heated at 60 ±2 °C for 12 days. Several parameters of oxidative stability, including the peroxide index (PI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and conjugated dienes and trienes, were analyzed every three days. The results were promising, the oils to which the Curcuma longa L. leaf extract was added showed a reduction in all parameters, indicating oxidative deterioration under the influence of the concentration of the extract and the duration of treatment. The extract was less effective at low concentrations (0.5%), the parameters did not vary considerably. The PI was low in all treatments until the third day. The PI of the soybean oil treated with 1.5% extract was lower than that after treatment with the synthetic antioxidant and the blank treatment on days 6 to 12. The highest production of TBARS was observed in the blank treatment on days 6 to 12, and the lowest values of TBARS were recorded in the soybean oil treated with 1.5% extract. For the same concentration, the conjugated dienes varied from 2.05 to 8.6, and the trienes from 0.57 to 1.59.
{"title":"Headspace GC/MS for identification of bioactive compounds of Curcuma longa L. leaf extract: Industrial application as antioxidant for soybean oil","authors":"Izabel de Paula Duarte Alves, Zamira Abel de Jesus Maria, Julião Pereira, Gardênia Martins, T. Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347013922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347013922","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of natural antioxidants extracted from plants is an alternative to the application of synthetic antioxidants. In this study, we evaluated the oxidative stability of soybean oil after the addition of Curcuma longa L. leaf extracts compared to its oxidative stability with the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT Different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. leaves were added to the oil, and the mixture was heated at 60 ±2 °C for 12 days. Several parameters of oxidative stability, including the peroxide index (PI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and conjugated dienes and trienes, were analyzed every three days. The results were promising, the oils to which the Curcuma longa L. leaf extract was added showed a reduction in all parameters, indicating oxidative deterioration under the influence of the concentration of the extract and the duration of treatment. The extract was less effective at low concentrations (0.5%), the parameters did not vary considerably. The PI was low in all treatments until the third day. The PI of the soybean oil treated with 1.5% extract was lower than that after treatment with the synthetic antioxidant and the blank treatment on days 6 to 12. The highest production of TBARS was observed in the blank treatment on days 6 to 12, and the lowest values of TBARS were recorded in the soybean oil treated with 1.5% extract. For the same concentration, the conjugated dienes varied from 2.05 to 8.6, and the trienes from 0.57 to 1.59.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347015122
J. M. Luz, Carlos Inácio Garcia de Oliveira, S. Silva, Túlio Garcia Oliveira, R. Castoldi
ABSTRACT Brazilian producers have been seeking to improve garlic productivity and quality via vernalization at negative temperatures. However, more concrete information about the application and effects of this technique on the productivity and quality of noble garlic varieties is lacking. Moreover, there are also questions about the use and influence of seed cloves at different maturation points on this crop’s yield. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of vernalization temperatures and different maturation points of seed cloves on the yield and quality of noble garlic cultivars. Three experiments were conducted using the Ito cultivar over three garlic planting seasons in Cristalina, GO, Brazil. The experimental design followed a 3 x 3 factorial scheme: three vernalization temperature ranges (-1 to -3 °C; 1 to 3 °C; and 2 to 4 °C) and three seed clove maturation points (normal, early and late). Plant height, aboveground fresh mass, bulbar ratio, and bulb yield and quality were evaluated after harvesting. The negative vernalization temperature had significant results with the highest garlic yields occurring in all three planting seasons, with a considerable increase in the quantity of bulbs with better commercial value (‘class 6’) and a decrease in the quantity of ‘discard’ bulbs. In comparison to the other temperatures, negative vernalization temperatures also yielded higher fresh plants in all evaluated seasons. The normal maturation point resulted in gains in total bulb yield. The use of below-zero vernalization temperatures increased the productivity of the garlic cultivar Ito under the conditions found in Brazil.
{"title":"Vernalization temperature and maturation point of seed cloves on garlic production and quality","authors":"J. M. Luz, Carlos Inácio Garcia de Oliveira, S. Silva, Túlio Garcia Oliveira, R. Castoldi","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347015122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347015122","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Brazilian producers have been seeking to improve garlic productivity and quality via vernalization at negative temperatures. However, more concrete information about the application and effects of this technique on the productivity and quality of noble garlic varieties is lacking. Moreover, there are also questions about the use and influence of seed cloves at different maturation points on this crop’s yield. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of vernalization temperatures and different maturation points of seed cloves on the yield and quality of noble garlic cultivars. Three experiments were conducted using the Ito cultivar over three garlic planting seasons in Cristalina, GO, Brazil. The experimental design followed a 3 x 3 factorial scheme: three vernalization temperature ranges (-1 to -3 °C; 1 to 3 °C; and 2 to 4 °C) and three seed clove maturation points (normal, early and late). Plant height, aboveground fresh mass, bulbar ratio, and bulb yield and quality were evaluated after harvesting. The negative vernalization temperature had significant results with the highest garlic yields occurring in all three planting seasons, with a considerable increase in the quantity of bulbs with better commercial value (‘class 6’) and a decrease in the quantity of ‘discard’ bulbs. In comparison to the other temperatures, negative vernalization temperatures also yielded higher fresh plants in all evaluated seasons. The normal maturation point resulted in gains in total bulb yield. The use of below-zero vernalization temperatures increased the productivity of the garlic cultivar Ito under the conditions found in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67206461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347011022
Alice Maria Albert, G. Castoldi, Carlos Ribeiro Rodrigues, Thomas Jefferson Cavalcante, Matheus Martins Nogueira, Amanda Oliveira Fonseca
ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is a key factor in the success of maize crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of second-crop maize to N applied exclusively as topdressing or at planting + topdressing. Five experiments were conducted in areas in southwestern Goiás in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate N application rates of 0 and 30 kg ha-1 at planting, combined with five N rates applied as topdressing at the maize V3 stage over a total of 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg ha-1. Dry matter production in the V6 or V9 stage and yield parameters at harvest were evaluated. N application did not affect the number of grain rows per ear but increased the number of grains per row and, particularly, grain weight. The crop responded positively to increases in the total N rate in 4 of the 5 experiments: in 1 of these experiments, N fertilizer application at planting contributed to an increase in the efficiency of topdressing fertilization, resulting in a higher maize yield with a lower total N rate; in the other 3, a positive maize response to N occurred when total N was applied as topdressing at V3. However, the highest mean maize grain yield (8,233 kg ha-1) was found in the trial that showed no response to N fertilizer application - probably due to the better chemical fertility conditions of the area combined with an adequate distribution of rainfall, considering the multiple factors involved in N application recommendations.
氮肥管理是玉米作物成功的关键因素。本研究的目的是评价二季玉米对单纯追肥或种植+追肥的响应。2019年和2020年在Goiás西南地区进行了5项试验，以评价种植时0和30 kg hm -1的施氮量，以及玉米V3期0、75、150、225和300 kg hm -1的5种施氮量。评价了6、9期干物质产量和收获时的产量参数。施氮不影响穗粒行数，但增加了穗粒数，尤其是粒重。在5个试验中，有4个试验对全氮施量的增加有积极的响应:其中1个试验表明，种植时施氮有助于提高追肥效率，使玉米产量在全氮施量较低的情况下提高;在其他3个试验中，全氮在V3阶段追肥时，玉米对N的响应均为正。然而，考虑到氮肥建议中涉及的多种因素，试验中发现的最高平均玉米产量(8233 kg hm -1)对施氮没有反应，这可能是由于该地区化学肥力条件较好，加之降雨分布适当。
{"title":"Nitrogen management in second-crop maize in Southwestern Goiás","authors":"Alice Maria Albert, G. Castoldi, Carlos Ribeiro Rodrigues, Thomas Jefferson Cavalcante, Matheus Martins Nogueira, Amanda Oliveira Fonseca","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202347011022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347011022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is a key factor in the success of maize crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of second-crop maize to N applied exclusively as topdressing or at planting + topdressing. Five experiments were conducted in areas in southwestern Goiás in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate N application rates of 0 and 30 kg ha-1 at planting, combined with five N rates applied as topdressing at the maize V3 stage over a total of 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg ha-1. Dry matter production in the V6 or V9 stage and yield parameters at harvest were evaluated. N application did not affect the number of grain rows per ear but increased the number of grains per row and, particularly, grain weight. The crop responded positively to increases in the total N rate in 4 of the 5 experiments: in 1 of these experiments, N fertilizer application at planting contributed to an increase in the efficiency of topdressing fertilization, resulting in a higher maize yield with a lower total N rate; in the other 3, a positive maize response to N occurred when total N was applied as topdressing at V3. However, the highest mean maize grain yield (8,233 kg ha-1) was found in the trial that showed no response to N fertilizer application - probably due to the better chemical fertility conditions of the area combined with an adequate distribution of rainfall, considering the multiple factors involved in N application recommendations.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67205369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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