Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246006722
L. E. Ordóñez-Santos, Viviana Andrea Velasco-Arango, J. I. Hleap-Zapata
ABSTRACT The agro-industrial processing of fruits generates a significant volume of by-products, which can be valued as a source of natural ingredients in the food industry. The objective of this research was to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of total carotenoids in papaya epicarp and to use the extract as an ingredient during the storage of the Frankfurter sausage. The maximum assisted extraction of total carotenoids (66.03 ± 0.60 mg of β-carotene/100g) in the papaya epicarp by ultrasound is achieved when working at temperatures of 30 °C, for 60 min and a solid-liquid ratio 0.0064 g/ml oil. The temperature presented the highest effect of extraction of total carotenoids, followed by solid-liquid ratio, and time in the UAE. Frankfurt-type sausages made from carotenoid lipid extract show a significant reduction in nitrites (p <0.05), a significant increase in oxidation processes (p <0.05) and achieve the preservation of their characteristic colors during storage. The carotenoid extracts obtained from the papaya epicarp can be a natural coloring additive in the production of Frankfurt-type sausages since it allows the preservation of color during storage.
{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction of total carotenoids in papaya epicarp and its application in Frankfurt sausage","authors":"L. E. Ordóñez-Santos, Viviana Andrea Velasco-Arango, J. I. Hleap-Zapata","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246006722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246006722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The agro-industrial processing of fruits generates a significant volume of by-products, which can be valued as a source of natural ingredients in the food industry. The objective of this research was to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of total carotenoids in papaya epicarp and to use the extract as an ingredient during the storage of the Frankfurter sausage. The maximum assisted extraction of total carotenoids (66.03 ± 0.60 mg of β-carotene/100g) in the papaya epicarp by ultrasound is achieved when working at temperatures of 30 °C, for 60 min and a solid-liquid ratio 0.0064 g/ml oil. The temperature presented the highest effect of extraction of total carotenoids, followed by solid-liquid ratio, and time in the UAE. Frankfurt-type sausages made from carotenoid lipid extract show a significant reduction in nitrites (p <0.05), a significant increase in oxidation processes (p <0.05) and achieve the preservation of their characteristic colors during storage. The carotenoid extracts obtained from the papaya epicarp can be a natural coloring additive in the production of Frankfurt-type sausages since it allows the preservation of color during storage.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67204007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246002622
G. Lense, T. C. Parreiras, Lucas Emanuel Servidoni, R. L. Mincato
ABSTRACT Water erosion is a serious environmental problem that causes soil degradation, compromises its fertility and causes soil organic carbon (SOC) losses. Reforestation, encouraged by Brazilian environmental legislation, is a way to reduce water erosion. However, in tropical and subtropical regions, there is little information on the impact of reforestation on soil loss rates and SOC. Therefore, this study aimed to apply the Erosion Potential Method, combined with multitemporal data from soil samples collected in situ, to estimate and spatialize soil and SOC losses in a predominantly agricultural Brazilian watershed that showed high rates of reforestation in the period studied from 2011 to 2019. The determination of the EPM parameters was carried out with the aid of a Geographic Information System and the soil loss estimate was validated with information from a hydrosedimentological collection station. The results showed that between 2011 and 2019 water erosion was reduced by 27.5%, while carbon losses were reduced by 32.7%. Among the evaluated crops, corn showed the highest soil and SOC losses, while coffee and forest areas exhibited the lowest rates. Reforestation of the basin is the main factor responsible for the reduction of soil losses. This process was initiated seeking to meet the requirements of the Brazilian Forest Code, which highlights the positive role that public policies can play in environmental conservation when respected and well applied.
{"title":"Impacts of reforestation on soil and soil organic carbon losses","authors":"G. Lense, T. C. Parreiras, Lucas Emanuel Servidoni, R. L. Mincato","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246002622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246002622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Water erosion is a serious environmental problem that causes soil degradation, compromises its fertility and causes soil organic carbon (SOC) losses. Reforestation, encouraged by Brazilian environmental legislation, is a way to reduce water erosion. However, in tropical and subtropical regions, there is little information on the impact of reforestation on soil loss rates and SOC. Therefore, this study aimed to apply the Erosion Potential Method, combined with multitemporal data from soil samples collected in situ, to estimate and spatialize soil and SOC losses in a predominantly agricultural Brazilian watershed that showed high rates of reforestation in the period studied from 2011 to 2019. The determination of the EPM parameters was carried out with the aid of a Geographic Information System and the soil loss estimate was validated with information from a hydrosedimentological collection station. The results showed that between 2011 and 2019 water erosion was reduced by 27.5%, while carbon losses were reduced by 32.7%. Among the evaluated crops, corn showed the highest soil and SOC losses, while coffee and forest areas exhibited the lowest rates. Reforestation of the basin is the main factor responsible for the reduction of soil losses. This process was initiated seeking to meet the requirements of the Brazilian Forest Code, which highlights the positive role that public policies can play in environmental conservation when respected and well applied.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246017521
Aaqib Shaheen, Y. Dewir, Mafatlal M. Kher, Majid Khan, A. El-Banna, Ahmed Alaizari
ABSTRACT Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. F.; Asteraceae), is one of the most economically important ornamental plants due to its aesthetic value. In the present study, we established a micropropagation method for the large-scale production of quality planting material of gerbera ‘Pink Melody’. Eighty-six percent of the capitulum explants produced adventitious shoots (15.44 ± 0.34 shoots per capitulum) on Murashige and Skoogs (MS) medium containing 2 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) after six weeks of incubation. The highest shoot multiplication rate (17 shoots per explant) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with BAP and meta-Topolin (each at 2 mg L−1) after eight weeks. The micro-shoots were successfully rooted (91.35%) on half-strength MS medium containing 2 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) within four weeks. The micropropagated plantlets were acclimatized with a 97.5% survival rate and produced flowers with no visible morphological aberrations.
{"title":"Synergistic effect of benzylaminopurine and meta-Topolin combination for micropropagation of gerbera ‘Pink Melody’","authors":"Aaqib Shaheen, Y. Dewir, Mafatlal M. Kher, Majid Khan, A. El-Banna, Ahmed Alaizari","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246017521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246017521","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. F.; Asteraceae), is one of the most economically important ornamental plants due to its aesthetic value. In the present study, we established a micropropagation method for the large-scale production of quality planting material of gerbera ‘Pink Melody’. Eighty-six percent of the capitulum explants produced adventitious shoots (15.44 ± 0.34 shoots per capitulum) on Murashige and Skoogs (MS) medium containing 2 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) after six weeks of incubation. The highest shoot multiplication rate (17 shoots per explant) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with BAP and meta-Topolin (each at 2 mg L−1) after eight weeks. The micro-shoots were successfully rooted (91.35%) on half-strength MS medium containing 2 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) within four weeks. The micropropagated plantlets were acclimatized with a 97.5% survival rate and produced flowers with no visible morphological aberrations.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246006822
Welington de Araújo Leite, A. C. Jacobowski, M. L. Macedo
ABSTRACT Protease inhibitors (PIs) are a part of the plant defense system and reduce the proteolytic activity of the digestive enzymes of insect pests. The current study aimed to isolate and characterize an inhibitor of trypsin (AmTI) within the seed of Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth) (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae). Moreover, we tried to assess the defense mechanism of the larvae of Anagasta kuehniella against this inhibitor. Protein seed extracts were purified using Sephadex G-50 and trypsin-Sepharose columns. Electrophoresis revealed the molecular weight of the inhibitor to be 25 kDa. The stability evaluation demonstrated that the inhibitor was not denatured at temperatures of up to 60 °C, pH 2-10, and concentrations of up to 100 mM dithiothreitol for one hour. The inhibitor reacted in a 1:1 ratio with bovine trypsin with an inhibition constant [Ki] = 2.517 ´ 10-8. Incorporating the inhibitor in a 1 mg per 100 mg proportion of artificial diet offered to A. kuehniella larvae led to a significant difference in the weight and survival of larvae of the fourth instar compared to the control. AmTI acted on the enzymatic activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin, not allowing until the fourth larval instar, A. kuehniella, to create adaptations against the inhibitor, as it had a simultaneous effect on larval weight and mortality. Therefore, a new trypsin inhibitor showing inhibitory activity against the digestive enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin from A. kuehniella was isolated, indicating that these activities are correlated with the deleterious effects of this insect.
{"title":"Insecticide activity of a peptidase inhibitor isolated from Anadenanthera macrocarpa seeds against Anagasta kuehniella","authors":"Welington de Araújo Leite, A. C. Jacobowski, M. L. Macedo","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246006822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246006822","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Protease inhibitors (PIs) are a part of the plant defense system and reduce the proteolytic activity of the digestive enzymes of insect pests. The current study aimed to isolate and characterize an inhibitor of trypsin (AmTI) within the seed of Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth) (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae). Moreover, we tried to assess the defense mechanism of the larvae of Anagasta kuehniella against this inhibitor. Protein seed extracts were purified using Sephadex G-50 and trypsin-Sepharose columns. Electrophoresis revealed the molecular weight of the inhibitor to be 25 kDa. The stability evaluation demonstrated that the inhibitor was not denatured at temperatures of up to 60 °C, pH 2-10, and concentrations of up to 100 mM dithiothreitol for one hour. The inhibitor reacted in a 1:1 ratio with bovine trypsin with an inhibition constant [Ki] = 2.517 ´ 10-8. Incorporating the inhibitor in a 1 mg per 100 mg proportion of artificial diet offered to A. kuehniella larvae led to a significant difference in the weight and survival of larvae of the fourth instar compared to the control. AmTI acted on the enzymatic activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin, not allowing until the fourth larval instar, A. kuehniella, to create adaptations against the inhibitor, as it had a simultaneous effect on larval weight and mortality. Therefore, a new trypsin inhibitor showing inhibitory activity against the digestive enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin from A. kuehniella was isolated, indicating that these activities are correlated with the deleterious effects of this insect.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67204078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246000122
Antonia Almeida da Silva, Zulma Catherine Cardenal Rubio, Paulo Cássio Alves Linhares, Ketlen Rocha e Silva, G. V. Pimentel, P. Marchiori
ABSTRACT Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important crop due to sugar, ethanol and bioenergy production. Its cultivation may occur in tropical regions exposed to high salinity. The aim was to identify cultivars tolerant to salinity to allow the cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in saline soils. To test the hypothesis that sugarcane show natural genotypic variation to salinity tolerance, we tested ten cultivars (SP80-3280, RB855453 RB966928, RB855156, SP80-1842, SP80-1816, RB928064, RB867515, RB92579, RB855536) and two sugarcane species: IM76-228 (S. robustum) and IN84-82 (S. spontaneum) under two concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl): control (concentration found naturally in the soil used: electrical conductivity of 0.083 dS m-1) and soil enriched with NaCl: EC of 7.2 dS m-1. Biometry and photosynthesis traits were evaluated. The plants were collected and leaf (LDM), stem (SDM), root and total dry matter were used to estimate the tolerance index (TI). A cluster analysis was done to identify phenotypic dissimilarity. Three distinct groups regarding salinity tolerance on biomass-basis were formed. The cultivars RB855156, SP80-1842, SP80-1816 and species IM76-228 showed no reduction in LDM and SDM. Nonetheless, the cultivars SP80-3280, RB928064, RB92579 and species IN84-82 were impaired by salinity. The cultivar SP80-1816 showed the highest biomass accumulation and the highest TI. Therefore, we found a great genotypic variation regarding salinity tolerance in sugarcane, which can be explored by growers to cultivate in saline soils. Also can be used by the Sugarcane Breeding Programs to improve the salinity tolerance.
甘蔗(Saccharum spp.)是一种重要的糖、乙醇和生物能源生产作物。它的种植可能发生在高盐度的热带地区。目的是鉴定耐盐品种，以便在盐碱地上种植甘蔗。为了验证甘蔗耐盐性存在天然基因型变异的假设，我们对10个甘蔗品种(SP80-3280、RB855453、RB966928、RB855156、SP80-1842、SP80-1816、RB928064、RB867515、RB92579、RB855536)和2个甘蔗品种IM76-228 (S. robustum)和IN84-82 (S. spontanum)进行了对照(土壤电导率为0.083 dS m-1)和NaCl: EC为7.2 dS m-1的土壤两种氯化钠(NaCl)浓度的试验。生物计量学和光合特性进行了评价。收集植株，用叶片(LDM)、茎(SDM)、根系和总干物质(total dry matter)估算耐受性指数(TI)。进行聚类分析以确定表型差异。在生物量基础上形成了三个不同的耐盐类群。品种RB855156、SP80-1842、SP80-1816和品种IM76-228的LDM和SDM均未降低。而品种SP80-3280、RB928064、RB92579和IN84-82则受盐度影响较大。品种SP80-1816的生物量积累和TI最高。因此，我们发现甘蔗在耐盐性方面存在很大的基因型差异，这可以为种植者在盐碱地上进行栽培提供参考。也可用于甘蔗育种计划，以提高耐盐性。
{"title":"Genotypic variation of sugarcane for salinity tolerance: Morphological and physiological responses","authors":"Antonia Almeida da Silva, Zulma Catherine Cardenal Rubio, Paulo Cássio Alves Linhares, Ketlen Rocha e Silva, G. V. Pimentel, P. Marchiori","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246000122","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important crop due to sugar, ethanol and bioenergy production. Its cultivation may occur in tropical regions exposed to high salinity. The aim was to identify cultivars tolerant to salinity to allow the cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in saline soils. To test the hypothesis that sugarcane show natural genotypic variation to salinity tolerance, we tested ten cultivars (SP80-3280, RB855453 RB966928, RB855156, SP80-1842, SP80-1816, RB928064, RB867515, RB92579, RB855536) and two sugarcane species: IM76-228 (S. robustum) and IN84-82 (S. spontaneum) under two concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl): control (concentration found naturally in the soil used: electrical conductivity of 0.083 dS m-1) and soil enriched with NaCl: EC of 7.2 dS m-1. Biometry and photosynthesis traits were evaluated. The plants were collected and leaf (LDM), stem (SDM), root and total dry matter were used to estimate the tolerance index (TI). A cluster analysis was done to identify phenotypic dissimilarity. Three distinct groups regarding salinity tolerance on biomass-basis were formed. The cultivars RB855156, SP80-1842, SP80-1816 and species IM76-228 showed no reduction in LDM and SDM. Nonetheless, the cultivars SP80-3280, RB928064, RB92579 and species IN84-82 were impaired by salinity. The cultivar SP80-1816 showed the highest biomass accumulation and the highest TI. Therefore, we found a great genotypic variation regarding salinity tolerance in sugarcane, which can be explored by growers to cultivate in saline soils. Also can be used by the Sugarcane Breeding Programs to improve the salinity tolerance.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67202876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246005222
Lucas Couto Duarte, H. C. R. Catão, N. D. Tebaldi
ABSTRACT The expansion of wheat crops (Triticum spp.) to the Brazilian Cerrado highlights the need to use pathogen-free seeds. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) and photodynamic therapy (PhT) in inhibiting the in vitro growth of the fungus Alternaria alternata, in its treatment and control in naturally contaminated wheat seeds, and in the physiological quality of the seeds. The efficacy of NPs (ZnOCl, ZnOCl:1Cu, ZnOCl:0.1Ag; ZnO:1Cu, ZnO, and ZnO:1Ag) and PhT using methylene blue (MB) and toluidine blue (TB) dyes was evaluated in inhibiting the mycelial growth of A. alternata and in the treatment and control of the pathogen in wheat seeds by evaluating germination, emergence, GSI, ESI, accelerated ageing, and health. All NPs at 2.5 and 5 mg mL-1 concentrations and the dyes MB, TB, MB + TB at 50 and 100 µmol L-1 inhibited mycelial growth and reduced the incidence of A. alternata in the seeds. The NP ZnO:1Ag at 5 mg mL-1 and the MB + TB dye at 100 µmol L-1 were the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth. NPs and PhT did not affect the physiological quality of seeds and controlled A. alternata in wheat seeds, demonstrating potential use in the treatment and control of the pathogen in wheat seeds.
{"title":"Nanoparticles and photodynamic therapy in the treatment and control of Alternaria alternata in wheat seeds","authors":"Lucas Couto Duarte, H. C. R. Catão, N. D. Tebaldi","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246005222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246005222","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The expansion of wheat crops (Triticum spp.) to the Brazilian Cerrado highlights the need to use pathogen-free seeds. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) and photodynamic therapy (PhT) in inhibiting the in vitro growth of the fungus Alternaria alternata, in its treatment and control in naturally contaminated wheat seeds, and in the physiological quality of the seeds. The efficacy of NPs (ZnOCl, ZnOCl:1Cu, ZnOCl:0.1Ag; ZnO:1Cu, ZnO, and ZnO:1Ag) and PhT using methylene blue (MB) and toluidine blue (TB) dyes was evaluated in inhibiting the mycelial growth of A. alternata and in the treatment and control of the pathogen in wheat seeds by evaluating germination, emergence, GSI, ESI, accelerated ageing, and health. All NPs at 2.5 and 5 mg mL-1 concentrations and the dyes MB, TB, MB + TB at 50 and 100 µmol L-1 inhibited mycelial growth and reduced the incidence of A. alternata in the seeds. The NP ZnO:1Ag at 5 mg mL-1 and the MB + TB dye at 100 µmol L-1 were the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth. NPs and PhT did not affect the physiological quality of seeds and controlled A. alternata in wheat seeds, demonstrating potential use in the treatment and control of the pathogen in wheat seeds.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246005622
A. M. Zuffo, A. M. D. Oliveira, L. M. Barrozo, R. Ratke, J. Aguilera, W. Fonseca
ABSTRACT Veitchia merrilli (Becc) H. E. Moore is a palm tree widely used in gardening. Due to the continuous production of flowers on the inflorescences, there are fruits and seeds in various stages of maturation on the same plant, making it hard to determine the best fruit maturation stage for obtaining vigorous seeds. This study measured the biometric characteristics of the fruit at different stages of maturation and identified the best fruit maturation stage from which to obtain seeds with optimal physiological quality. Mature fruits were harvested from the tops of 10 trees and the ground, categorized according to their maturation stage and measured for overall length, equatorial diameter, and fresh weight. An experiment to identify the best fruit maturation stage for obtaining seeds of the V. merrilli with satisfactory physiological quality was carried out in a greenhouse, with five treatments (maturation stage) and ten replications; each plot was composed of 20 seeds. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, root and above ground dry weight, total dry weight, and Dickson’s quality index were measured. The green fruit stage is the most suitable for obtaining seeds of V. merrilli with the best physiological qualities. The fruits at the dark red maturity stage had the greatest length, while the those in the green transition stage had the greatest diameter and fresh weight.
{"title":"Fruit biometry and physiological quality of Veitchia merrilli (Becc) H. E. Moore palm in relation to fruit maturation stage","authors":"A. M. Zuffo, A. M. D. Oliveira, L. M. Barrozo, R. Ratke, J. Aguilera, W. Fonseca","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246005622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246005622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Veitchia merrilli (Becc) H. E. Moore is a palm tree widely used in gardening. Due to the continuous production of flowers on the inflorescences, there are fruits and seeds in various stages of maturation on the same plant, making it hard to determine the best fruit maturation stage for obtaining vigorous seeds. This study measured the biometric characteristics of the fruit at different stages of maturation and identified the best fruit maturation stage from which to obtain seeds with optimal physiological quality. Mature fruits were harvested from the tops of 10 trees and the ground, categorized according to their maturation stage and measured for overall length, equatorial diameter, and fresh weight. An experiment to identify the best fruit maturation stage for obtaining seeds of the V. merrilli with satisfactory physiological quality was carried out in a greenhouse, with five treatments (maturation stage) and ten replications; each plot was composed of 20 seeds. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, root and above ground dry weight, total dry weight, and Dickson’s quality index were measured. The green fruit stage is the most suitable for obtaining seeds of V. merrilli with the best physiological qualities. The fruits at the dark red maturity stage had the greatest length, while the those in the green transition stage had the greatest diameter and fresh weight.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246022321
B. C. Silva, Haluko Massago, J. I. Andrade, R. L. Serafini, A. Jatobá
ABSTRACT The nursery phase in tilapia using biofloc technology is important as it increases the predictability of production. However, none studies evaluating the stocking densities of tilapia focused only on the use of an inorganic carbon source to promote the nitrification process as the main way to control nitrogen in the system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varied nursery stocking densities, in a chemoautotrophic biofloc system, on water quality, zootechnical parameters, and health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fifteen tanks (100 L capacity) containing heaters (28 ±1°C) inoculated with mature bioflocs were used. Seven hundred and fifty tilapia fingerlings (weighing 0.66 ±0.17 g) were distributed in the tanks, in triplicate, so that the densities in the tanks reached 200, 350, 500, 650, and 800 fish m-3. Dissolved oxygen and tilapia growth showed a negative linear relationship with fish density. A positive linear relationship with density was observed for nitrogen compounds, alkalinity, suspended solids, yield, and feed conversion. However, the water quality parameters were appropriate for tilapia and allowed good zootechnical performance irrespective of the fish density. Hematological parameters, fish survival, and uniformity in growth did not alter with densities. Total suspended solids produced by fish biomass showed a quadratic relationship with density, with the highest efficiency of the tanks stocked with 406 fish m-3. It is possible to construct a tilapia nursery in chemoautotrophic biofloc systems with densities reaching up to 800 fish m-3 and yield exceeding 12 kg m-3. But the density of 406 fish m-3 had a better efficiency in solid production by biomass.
{"title":"Tilapia nursery stocking densities in a chemoautotrophic biofloc system","authors":"B. C. Silva, Haluko Massago, J. I. Andrade, R. L. Serafini, A. Jatobá","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246022321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246022321","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The nursery phase in tilapia using biofloc technology is important as it increases the predictability of production. However, none studies evaluating the stocking densities of tilapia focused only on the use of an inorganic carbon source to promote the nitrification process as the main way to control nitrogen in the system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varied nursery stocking densities, in a chemoautotrophic biofloc system, on water quality, zootechnical parameters, and health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fifteen tanks (100 L capacity) containing heaters (28 ±1°C) inoculated with mature bioflocs were used. Seven hundred and fifty tilapia fingerlings (weighing 0.66 ±0.17 g) were distributed in the tanks, in triplicate, so that the densities in the tanks reached 200, 350, 500, 650, and 800 fish m-3. Dissolved oxygen and tilapia growth showed a negative linear relationship with fish density. A positive linear relationship with density was observed for nitrogen compounds, alkalinity, suspended solids, yield, and feed conversion. However, the water quality parameters were appropriate for tilapia and allowed good zootechnical performance irrespective of the fish density. Hematological parameters, fish survival, and uniformity in growth did not alter with densities. Total suspended solids produced by fish biomass showed a quadratic relationship with density, with the highest efficiency of the tanks stocked with 406 fish m-3. It is possible to construct a tilapia nursery in chemoautotrophic biofloc systems with densities reaching up to 800 fish m-3 and yield exceeding 12 kg m-3. But the density of 406 fish m-3 had a better efficiency in solid production by biomass.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67204216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246002422
Leticia Alberto, Mário Sérgio da Luz, K. G. Santos, M. H. Okura
ABSTRACT Foliar fertilization is a highly efficient technique of applying needed plant nutrients. During pulverization in the field, the incompatibility between fertilizer and pesticides can cause clogging of the spray nozzles. So, this work aims to improve the solubility of foliar fertilizers to facilitate its application. The effect of airflow, inlet gas temperature, and feed solution flow rate over yield, productivity, solubility, and final moisture were evaluated. The powder solubility was improved because of the capillary effect caused by greater porosity, roughness, and particle agglomeration. The maximum productivity of 0.336 kg/h was obtained at 175 ºC, with a liquid feed of 0.82 L/h and an airflow rate of 1.95 m3/min.
{"title":"Enhanced solubility of foliar fertilizer via spray dryer: Process analysis and productivity optimization by response surface methodology","authors":"Leticia Alberto, Mário Sérgio da Luz, K. G. Santos, M. H. Okura","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246002422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246002422","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Foliar fertilization is a highly efficient technique of applying needed plant nutrients. During pulverization in the field, the incompatibility between fertilizer and pesticides can cause clogging of the spray nozzles. So, this work aims to improve the solubility of foliar fertilizers to facilitate its application. The effect of airflow, inlet gas temperature, and feed solution flow rate over yield, productivity, solubility, and final moisture were evaluated. The powder solubility was improved because of the capillary effect caused by greater porosity, roughness, and particle agglomeration. The maximum productivity of 0.336 kg/h was obtained at 175 ºC, with a liquid feed of 0.82 L/h and an airflow rate of 1.95 m3/min.","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202246004522
Ademir Ribeiro de Mendonça, J. O. Cazetta, Paula Wellen Barbosa Gonçalves
ABSTRACT Carrot plants do not develop well in clayey soils. In its turn, the charcoal fine (CF), which is a residue composed of porous particles, has the potential to be mixed in the soil to reduce its density. However, there is no evidence that the application of CF improves carrot production in clayey soil. Thus, an experiment in pots was designed, consisting of 16 treatments composed of the combination of 5 sizes of CF particles (1-2 mm, 2-4 mm, 4-8 mm, 8-16 mm, 16-32 mm) with 3 volumetric rates of CF (25%, 50% and 75%, plus a control (soil alone), aiming to verify which situation promotes the better plant growth and production. It was observed that mixing CF into the soil decreases substrate density and increases substrate water retention. The results of this research also revealed that the highest yield (fresh and dry weight) of carrots was achieved with CF mixed with the soil at a rate of 50%, using a CF particle size of 2-4 mm. The greatest length and diameter of carrots were obtained with a dose of CF of around 45%. CF-containing substrates delayed initial plant growth up to 45 DAE, but increased plant development after 75 DAE and improved plant performance and carrot yield measured at the harvest time (90 DAE).
{"title":"Charcoal fine residues used as biochar in heavy clayey soil improve carrot production","authors":"Ademir Ribeiro de Mendonça, J. O. Cazetta, Paula Wellen Barbosa Gonçalves","doi":"10.1590/1413-7054202246004522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246004522","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Carrot plants do not develop well in clayey soils. In its turn, the charcoal fine (CF), which is a residue composed of porous particles, has the potential to be mixed in the soil to reduce its density. However, there is no evidence that the application of CF improves carrot production in clayey soil. Thus, an experiment in pots was designed, consisting of 16 treatments composed of the combination of 5 sizes of CF particles (1-2 mm, 2-4 mm, 4-8 mm, 8-16 mm, 16-32 mm) with 3 volumetric rates of CF (25%, 50% and 75%, plus a control (soil alone), aiming to verify which situation promotes the better plant growth and production. It was observed that mixing CF into the soil decreases substrate density and increases substrate water retention. The results of this research also revealed that the highest yield (fresh and dry weight) of carrots was achieved with CF mixed with the soil at a rate of 50%, using a CF particle size of 2-4 mm. The greatest length and diameter of carrots were obtained with a dose of CF of around 45%. CF-containing substrates delayed initial plant growth up to 45 DAE, but increased plant development after 75 DAE and improved plant performance and carrot yield measured at the harvest time (90 DAE).","PeriodicalId":10188,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Agrotecnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67203383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：