Clinical and Experimental Allergy最新文献

英文中文

Linking Macronutrient Composition of Common Allergenic Foods to European and North American Food Allergy Prevalence. 将常见致敏食物的宏量营养素构成与欧洲和北美食物过敏流行率联系起来。

IF 6.3 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14600

Duan Ni, Alistair Senior, Jian Tan, Laurence Macia, Ralph Nanan

引用次数: 0

Defining Optimal Basophil Passive Sensitisation Parameters. 定义最佳嗜碱性粒细胞被动致敏参数

IF 6.3 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14594

Santiago Alvarez-Arango, Melanie C Dispenza, Kristin L Chichester, Donald W MacGlashan

Background: Detecting drug-specific IgE (sIgE) is crucial for diagnosing immediate drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Basophil activation tests serve as a method to determine the presence of drug-sIgE, highlighting the importance of optimising the assay. Optimisation involves considering multiple factors to ensure sensitisation helps detect an antigen sIgE. The study investigates the complex factors influencing basophil responsiveness thresholds and aims to provide rules-of-thumb guidance for expected results.

Methods: Open and occupied FcεRI receptors were analysed by flow cytometry pre- and postdissociation of surface-bound sIgE. Basophils were then sensitised with serial concentrations of penicillin (BPO)-sIgE in serum or buffer and incubated for 1, 4 and 18 h with or without D₂O and/or IL-3. Basophil sensitivity was evaluated based on FcεRI receptor densities, sIgE/total IgE (tIgE) ratios, responses to BPO(21)-HSA, and D₂O and/or IL-3 effects, with maximal responses determined using anti-IgE human antibodies. These optimised conditions were tested with peanut-sIgE and cat-sIgE sera.

Results: Basophils from five donors were used. The FcεRI receptor expression initially averaged 155,000/cell (47,000-344,000/cell), with 35% (5%-79%) unoccupied, which postdissociation increased to 98% (82%-100%) unoccupied. Upon sensitisation, the average reloading with BPO-sIgE was 39% (33%-48%). The ED₅₀ (a measure of cellular sensitivity) was approx. 6000 BPO-sIgE/cell, and the average maximal anti-IgE antibody response was 58% (25%-68%). A 4-h sensitisation at 4°C with IL-3 pretreatment and 70% D₂O allowed the detection of BPO-sIgE/tIgE ratios as low as 0.02%-0.05% without spontaneous histamine release. Under the same conditions, responses were detected with 0.33% peanut-sIgE and 0.1% cat-sIgE ratios.

Conclusion: This study outlines a method to assess basophil sensitisation, emphasising the minimum sIgE/tIgE ratio needed for basophil responsiveness. It considers factors like FcεRI open/unoccupied FcεRI receptors, sIgE/tIgE ratios and the effect of D₂O and IL-3. This sets a strong foundation for refining and advancing basophil activation functional assays.

背景：检测药物特异性 IgE（sIgE）对于诊断由药物引起的即刻超敏反应至关重要。嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验是确定是否存在药物特异性 IgE 的一种方法，突出了优化检测方法的重要性。优化包括考虑多种因素，以确保致敏有助于检测抗原 sIgE。该研究调查了影响嗜碱性粒细胞反应性阈值的复杂因素，旨在为预期结果提供经验法则指导：方法：通过流式细胞术分析表面结合的 sIgE 分离前后开放和占据的 FcεRI 受体。然后用血清或缓冲液中系列浓度的青霉素（BPO）-sIgE致敏嗜碱性粒细胞，并与或不与D2O和/或IL-3一起孵育1、4和18小时。根据 FcεRI 受体密度、sIgE/总 IgE（tIgE）比率、对 BPO(21)-HSA 的反应以及 D2O 和/或 IL-3 的作用评估嗜碱性粒细胞的敏感性，并使用抗 IgE 人类抗体确定最大反应。这些优化条件用花生-IgE和猫-IgE血清进行了测试：结果：使用了五个供体的嗜碱性粒细胞。FcεRI 受体的表达量最初平均为 155,000 个/细胞（47,000-344,000 个/细胞），其中 35%（5%-79%）未被占用，解离后未被占用的比例增至 98%（82%-100%）。致敏后，BPO-sIgE 的平均重载率为 39%（33%-48%）。ED50（衡量细胞敏感性的指标）约为 6000 BPO-sIgE/细胞，平均最大抗 IgE 抗体反应为 58%（25%-68%）。在4°C条件下，用IL-3预处理和70%的D2O进行4小时敏化，可检测到低至0.02%-0.05%的BPO-sIgE/tIgE比率，且无自发组胺释放。在相同条件下，检测到的反应与 0.33% 的花生-SIgE 和 0.1% 的猫-SIgE 比率相同：本研究概述了一种评估嗜碱性粒细胞致敏的方法，强调了嗜碱性粒细胞反应性所需的最小 sIgE/tIgE 比率。它考虑了 FcεRI 受体开放/未被占用、sIgE/tIgE 比率以及 D2O 和 IL-3 的影响等因素。这为完善和推进嗜碱性粒细胞活化功能测定奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Shaping Allergy Training in the UK Foundation Programme: A National Survey. 塑造英国基础课程中的过敏培训：全国调查。

IF 6.3 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14595

Jennie Gane, Gillian Vance

引用次数: 0

Patch Testing Results From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Dermatology 2017-2021. 西奈山伊坎医学院皮肤科 2017-2021 年的斑贴测试结果。

IF 6.3 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14591

Sabrina Ghalili, Margaret Downes, Eden David, Ross O'Hagan, Grace Rabinowitz, Hannah Verma, Shayan Owji, Emma Guttman-Yassky, Benjamin Ungar

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Conventional IgE Assay and Measurement of Specific IgE to Haemocyanin for the Diagnosis of Adult Crab Allergy. 比较传统 IgE 检测法和血蓝蛋白特异性 IgE 检测法诊断成人螃蟹过敏。

IF 6.3 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14597

Hoang Kim Tu Trinh, Kieu-Minh Le, Thanh Niem Vo Van, Duy Le Pham, Hieu Thao Nguyen, Minh Nguyet Tran Thi, Bao Yen Pham, Dinh Minh Pham

Five potential allergens of freshwater crab (Somanniathelphusa sinensis), including hemocyanin, have been discovered. Specific IgE to haemocyanin was increased in crab-allergic than in crab-tolerant patients. The add-on of specific IgE to hemocyanin to skin prick test enhanced the specificity of the crab allergy diagnosis. IgE, immunoglobulin E; rHM, recombinant haemocyanin; sIgE, specific IgE; SPT: skin prick test.

已发现淡水蟹（Somanniathelphusa sinensis）的五种潜在过敏原，包括血蓝蛋白。对螃蟹过敏的病人对血色素的特异性 IgE 比对螃蟹耐受的病人高。在皮肤点刺试验中加入血蓝蛋白特异性 IgE 可提高螃蟹过敏诊断的特异性。IgE：免疫球蛋白 E；rHM：重组血蓝蛋白；sIgE：特异性 IgE；SPT：皮肤点刺试验。

引用次数: 0

Plant-Based and Dairy-Free Drinks: An Emerging Health Hazard for Young Children 植物饮料和无乳饮料：新出现的幼儿健康危害。

IF 6.3 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14589

Rachel M. Childs, Robert J. Boyle, Victoria L. Sibson

‘Growing up’ or ‘toddler’ milks (GUM), marketed for children aged 1–3 years and older, are widely recognised by health bodies as unnecessary and unhealthy. Public health advice is that breastmilk, water, cows' milk or another animal milk should be the main drink for young children from age 1 onwards. Manufacturers claim that GUM are an effective medium to deliver nutrients to young children, especially vitamin D, calcium and iron, which are commonly used to fortify GUM. But GUM are advised against, mainly due to their high free sugars content. UK data show that GUM are the main source of free sugars among those 12- to 18-month-old children who consume them, accounting for half of their total free sugars intake [1]. In 2011, 36% of children in this age group were GUM consumers. That figure is likely to have risen, because GUM sales are increasing worldwide. Globally, there was a more than twofold increase in GUM sales per child born, from 2005 through 2019 [2]. In the context of increasing overweight and obesity and high levels of dental decay in young children, increasing GUM sales represent a worrying trend. While marketing of infant formula suitable from 0 to 12 months is strictly regulated in many regions, GUM marketing for children over 12 months has very few restrictions. This is despite World Health Organization recommendations that inappropriate marketing of all commercial milk formulas aimed at children < 36 months old should be prohibited. The lack of regulations means that manufacturers are able to market GUM using misleading nutrition and health claims and in ways which cross-promote infant formula.One GUM product category that has received much attention recently and appears to be growing in popularity is plant-based GUM. The increase in availability of plant-based GUM reflects a shift in consumption patterns in the general population—away from cows' milk, towards plant-based alternatives [3]. The nutrient content of plant-based GUM is a cause for concern. Some of the highest-sugar GUM available are plant-based, and a lack of labelling regulation means that consumers are often not aware of the high free sugars content. Indeed, plant-based GUM marketing may misleadingly suggest these products are low in sugar. For example, most oat milks contain free sugars, which are produced by the processing of the oats, where naturally present starch is broken down into sweet-tasting free sugars. This means that an oat milk can claim to have ‘no added sugars’, while containing even more free sugars than a standard cows' milk–based GUM.Plant-based GUM have low nutritional value in terms of protein concentration or quality and certain micronutrients, compared with animal milks [3]. Thus, their role in young child feeding is uncertain, but there are clear health hazards associated with many plant-based GUM. In parallel with the shift towards plant-milk consumption, there is widesp

健康机构普遍认为，面向 1-3 岁及以上儿童销售的 "成长奶 "或 "幼儿奶"（GUM）是不必要的，也是不健康的。公共卫生建议认为，母乳、水、牛奶或其他动物奶应该是 1 岁以上幼儿的主要饮品。制造商声称，口香糖是向幼儿输送营养物质的有效媒介，尤其是维生素 D、钙和铁，它们通常被用于强化口香糖。但建议不要食用口香糖，主要是因为其游离糖含量较高。英国的数据显示，在食用口香糖的 12 至 18 个月大儿童中，口香糖是游离糖的主要来源，占其游离糖总摄入量的一半[1]。2011 年，该年龄组有 36% 的儿童食用口香糖。由于全球口香糖销量不断增长，这一数字很可能还会上升。从 2005 年到 2019 年，全球每个新生儿的口香糖销量增长了两倍多[2]。在超重和肥胖现象日益严重、幼儿蛀牙率居高不下的背景下，口腔清洁剂销量的增长是一个令人担忧的趋势。在许多地区，0 至 12 个月婴儿配方奶粉的营销受到严格监管，但针对 12 个月以上儿童的口香糖营销却很少受到限制。尽管世界卫生组织建议禁止不适当地销售所有针对 36 个月以上儿童的商业配方奶。法规的缺失意味着生产商可以利用误导性的营养和健康声明以及交叉促销婴儿配方奶粉的方式来推销 GUM。植物基口香糖供应量的增加反映了大众消费模式的转变--从牛奶转向植物基替代品[3]。植物基口香糖的营养成分令人担忧。市面上一些含糖量最高的口香糖都是植物基的，由于缺乏标签法规，消费者往往不知道其游离糖含量很高。事实上，植物基口香糖的营销可能会误导消费者，使其认为这些产品含糖量低。例如，大多数燕麦奶都含有游离糖，游离糖是燕麦加工过程中产生的，其中天然存在的淀粉被分解成甜味的游离糖。这意味着燕麦奶可以宣称 "无添加糖"，但其中的游离糖含量甚至比标准的牛奶基 GUM 还高。与动物奶相比，植物基 GUM 在蛋白质浓度或质量以及某些微量营养素方面的营养价值较低 [3]。因此，它们在幼儿喂养中的作用尚不确定，但许多植物基 GUM 都存在明显的健康危害。在向植物奶消费转变的同时，国际上婴儿牛奶过敏过度诊断的情况也越来越普遍[4, 5]。被诊断出牛奶过敏的婴儿通常会被处方或建议食用游离糖含量高的专用低过敏配方奶粉。对于这些儿童来说，1 岁以后继续食用不含乳制品的饮食，并用植物性或专门的低敏配方口服液替代，很可能会进一步导致早发性龋齿、超重和肥胖[6]（表 1）。根据英国卫生和社会保健部（DHSC）将游离糖的摄入量限制在总能量摄入量的 5%，对于大多数口服液来说，1-2 岁儿童只需食用 260 毫升，就会超过建议的每日游离糖摄入总量[7]。对于植物基和专门的低过敏 GUM 而言，这一数字可低至 100 毫升（图 1）。然而，全球口香糖消费量的不断增长，包括高糖植物基口香糖和专门的低过敏口香糖，凸显了对口香糖进行监管的必要性。需要采取步骤，确保家庭能够获得关于与 GUM 相关的任何健康风险的明确而准确的信息，使他们能够根据公共卫生建议，就给幼儿喂食什么做出明智的选择。此外，可能还需要重新配置产品以限制游离糖的含量--在这方面，强制性标准可能比自愿性标准更有效。R.J.B. 撰写了社论初稿。所有作者都对社论进行了编辑和评论，并批准了最终版本。

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引用次数: 0

Featured Cover 精选封面

IF 6.3 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14593

Alba Camino-Mera, Jacobo Pardo-Seco, Xabier Bello, Laura Argiz, Robert J. Boyle, Adnan Custovic, Jethro Herberg, Myrsini Kaforou, Stefania Arasi, Alessandro Fiocchi, Valentina Pecora, Simona Barni, Francesca Mori, Teresa Bracamonte, Luis Echeverria, Virginia O'Valle-Aísa, Noelia Lara Hernández-Martínez, Iria Carballeira, Emilio García, Carlos Garcia-Magan, José Domingo Moure-González, Purificación Gonzalez-Delgado, Teresa Garriga-Baraut, Sonsoles Infante, Gabriela Zambrano-Ibarra, Margarita Tomás-Pérez, Adrianna Machinena, Mariona Pascal, Ana Prieto, Sonia Vázquez-Cortes, Montserrat Fernández-Rivas, Leticia Vila, Laia Alsina, María José Torres, Giusi Mangone, Santiago Quirce, Federico Martinón-Torres, Marta Vázquez-Ortiz, Alberto Gómez-Carballa, Antonio Salas

The cover image is based on the article Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Epithelial and Immune Dysfunction-Related Biomarkers in Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome by Alba Camino-Mera et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14564.

封面图片根据 Alba Camino-Mera 等人的文章《全外显子组测序发现食物蛋白诱发肠炎综合征的上皮细胞和免疫功能障碍相关生物标记物》（Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Epithelial and Immune Dysfunction-Related Biomarkers in Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome）制作，https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.14564。

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引用次数: 0

Global Incidence and Prevalence of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review. 慢性鼻炎的全球发病率和流行率：系统回顾。

IF 6.3 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14592

Hye Kyu Min, Sooji Lee, Soeun Kim, Yejun Son, Jaeyu Park, Hyeon Jin Kim, Jinseok Lee, Hayeon Lee, Lee Smith, Masoud Rahmati, Jiseung Kang, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos, Seong H Cho, Jong Woo Hahn, Dong Keon Yon

Objective: Data on the global prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is significantly varied and limited across countries and over time. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the global, regional, and national burden of CRS from the years 1980 to 2021, as well as identify those factors that influence levels of such burden.

Design: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of general population-based observational studies focusing on CRS. We calculated pooled estimates of CRS prevalence and incidence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were conducted stratifying by sex, age cohorts, geographic regions, smoking status, obesity, and comorbid conditions.

Data sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases.

Eligibility criteria for selection: We included general population-based observational studies on CRS published from database inception through October 20, 2023.

Results: A total of 28 eligible studies, encompassing more than 237 million participants and 11,342,923 patients with CRS from 20 countries across four continents, were included in the analysis. Global pooled prevalence of CRS and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) was found to be 8.71% (95% CI, 6.69-11.33; number of studies, 20) and 0.65% (95% CI, 0.56-0.75; number of studies, 4), respectively. The prevalence of CRS was greater in Europe compared with North America, South America, and Asia; adults compared with children; smokers compared with never-smoker; those with obesity compared with normal weight; and those with comorbidities such as asthma, diabetes mellitus, eczema, and nasal septal deviation. Pooled prevalence of CRS increased from 1980 to 2020 (1980-2000: 4.72%; 95% CI, 2.12-10.49; 2014-2020: 19.40%; 95% CI, 12.12-31.07). Similar patterns were observed in CRS incidence.

Conclusions: Our study provides valuable insights into CRS prevalence and incidence across diverse demographic and clinical factors, highlighting its increasing global burden. The reported prevalence of CRS varies internationally, and may be increasing over time. To enhance data quality and comparability, standardization of reporting methodologies is imperative.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42024527805).

目的：有关全球慢性鼻炎（CRS）发病率的数据在不同国家和不同时期存在很大差异，而且数量有限。因此，我们旨在对 1980 年至 2021 年全球、地区和国家的 CRS 负担进行全面调查，并确定影响此类负担水平的因素：设计：我们对以普通人群为基础、关注 CRS 的观察性研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。我们计算了 CRS 流行率和发病率的汇总估计值及 95% 的置信区间 (CI)。根据性别、年龄组、地理区域、吸烟状况、肥胖程度和合并症等因素进行了分组分析：数据来源：PubMed/MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL、Google Scholar 和 Cochrane 数据库：我们纳入了从数据库建立之初到 2023 年 10 月 20 日发表的基于普通人群的 CRS 观察性研究：共有 28 项符合条件的研究被纳入分析，涵盖四大洲 20 个国家超过 2.37 亿名参与者和 11342923 名 CRS 患者。研究发现，CRS和CRS伴鼻息肉（CRSwNP）的全球汇总患病率分别为8.71%（95% CI，6.69-11.33；研究数量，20）和0.65%（95% CI，0.56-0.75；研究数量，4）。欧洲的 CRS 患病率高于北美、南美和亚洲；成人高于儿童；吸烟者高于从不吸烟者；肥胖者高于正常体重者；合并有哮喘、糖尿病、湿疹和鼻中隔偏曲等疾病者。从 1980 年到 2020 年，CRS 的汇总患病率有所上升（1980-2000 年：4.72%；95% CI，2.12-10.49；2014-2020 年：19.40%；95% CI，12.12-31.07）。在CRS发病率方面也观察到了类似的模式：我们的研究就不同人口和临床因素下的 CRS 流行率和发病率提供了有价值的见解，凸显了 CRS 日益加重的全球负担。国际上报告的 CRS 患病率不尽相同，而且可能会随着时间的推移而增加。为了提高数据质量和可比性，报告方法的标准化势在必行：系统综述注册：PROSPERO（注册号：CRD42024527805）。

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引用次数: 0

MiR-107 and Its Association With House Dust Mite Sensitisation: Implications for Asthma. MiR-107 及其与屋尘螨致敏性的关系：对哮喘的影响

IF 6.3 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14590

Byung-Keun Kim, Min-Suk Yang, Upasna Srivastava, Shraddha Piparia, Rinku Sharma, Anshul Tiwari, Alvin Kho, Richard Wong, Juan C Celedón, Scott T Weiss, Michael McGeachie, Kelan Tantisira

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to allergic diseases but their effects on sensitisation to allergens in individuals with asthma are unknown. We aimed to identify miRNAs associated with house dust mite (HDM) sensitisation in childhood asthma.

Methods: Serum samples from 1126 children with asthma who participated in the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS) were profiled for 304 miRNAs. We first divided according to HDM sensitisation and then tested whether miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) between the two groups. Gene enrichment analysis for target genes of the DE miRNAs was then performed to identify potential causal pathways. Replication analysis was performed in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP), in which expression data of 258 miRNAs in 491 children were available. A mediation analysis was conducted to discern relationships between miRNA and phenotype differences according to HDM sensitisation in GACRS cohort.

Results: There were 906 (80.5%) and 220 (19.5%) subjects in the GACRS HDM+ and HDM- groups. Compared with HDM- participants, those in the HDM+ group were more likely to be severe in variables including pulmonary function, oral corticosteroid use and blood tests. A total of 17 miRNAs were DE (p < 0.05) between the two groups, with miR-642a-3p, let-7c-5p and miR-107 most significantly associated with HDM sensitisation. In CAMP, there were 39 DE miRNAs, and increased expression of miR-107 in HDM+ children was replicated in this cohort. In both GACRS and CAMP, the cadherin-binding pathway was enriched in an analysis of target genes for DE miRNA. In a mediation analysis, miR-107 showed significant indirect effects on eosinophil count and total IgE that were mediated by HDM sensitisation.

Conclusion: In children with asthma, miR-107 is associated with HDM sensitisation. Furthermore, miR-107 was indirectly associated with total IgE and eosinophil count through HDM sensitisation.

导言：微RNA（miRNA）与过敏性疾病有关，但它们对哮喘患者对过敏原过敏的影响尚不清楚。我们旨在确定与儿童哮喘患者对屋内尘螨（HDM）过敏有关的 miRNA：我们对参加哥斯达黎加哮喘遗传学研究（GACRS）的 1126 名哮喘患儿的血清样本进行了分析，共检测了 304 个 miRNAs。我们首先根据HDM敏化程度进行了划分，然后检测了两组之间的miRNA是否存在差异表达（DE）。然后对DE miRNA的靶基因进行基因富集分析，以确定潜在的因果关系通路。在儿童哮喘管理项目（CAMP）中进行了复制分析，获得了 491 名儿童中 258 个 miRNA 的表达数据。研究人员还进行了一项中介分析，以确定 miRNA 与 GACRS 队列中 HDM 敏感性表型差异之间的关系：结果：GACRS HDM+组和HDM-组分别有906名（80.5%）和220名（19.5%）受试者。与HDM-组受试者相比，HDM+组受试者在肺功能、口服皮质类固醇使用情况和血液检测等变量方面更容易出现严重问题。共有 17 个 miRNA 被 DE（p 结论：在哮喘患儿中，miR-1 和 miR-2 的表达较高：在哮喘儿童中，miR-107 与 HDM 致敏相关。此外，miR-107 通过 HDM 致敏与总 IgE 和嗜酸性粒细胞计数间接相关。

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引用次数: 0

Type 2 Immune-Dominant Endotype Is Not Associated With Increased Responsiveness to Dupilumab Treatment in Adult Atopic Dermatitis Patients. 成人特应性皮炎患者的 2 型免疫主导内型与杜匹单抗治疗反应性增加无关。

IF 6.3 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14585

Coco Dekkers, Hidde Smits, Dora Stölzl, Lotte Spekhorst, Edward Knol, Femke van Wijk, Inken Harder, Thomas Werfel, Jochen Schmitt, Andreas Kleinheinz, Susanne Abraham, Judith Thijs, Stephan Weidinger, Marjolein de Bruin-Weller, Daphne Bakker, Julia Drylewicz

引用次数: 0

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