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Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Patterns and Outcomes of Oral Corticosteroid-Dependent Asthma in Real-World Practice: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea. 临床特点,治疗模式和结果口服皮质类固醇依赖性哮喘在现实世界的实践:在韩国全国人口为基础的研究。
IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/cea.70200
Hyun Lee, Kyungjoo Kim, Joon Young Choi, Chin Kook Rhee, Ji-Yong Moon, Kyung Hoon Min, Yong Il Hwang, Kwang Ha Yoo, Seong Yong Lim
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引用次数: 0
National and Regional Drug Survival of Omalizumab in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Danish Cohort Study. Omalizumab治疗慢性自发性荨麻疹的国家和地区药物生存期:丹麦队列研究
IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/cea.70201
Ditte Georgina Zhang, Mia-Louise Nielsen, Christian Vestergaard, Jesper Elberling, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Susanne Fabricius, Zarqa Ali, Jacob P Thyssen, Alexander Egeberg, Simon Francis Thomsen
{"title":"National and Regional Drug Survival of Omalizumab in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Danish Cohort Study.","authors":"Ditte Georgina Zhang, Mia-Louise Nielsen, Christian Vestergaard, Jesper Elberling, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Susanne Fabricius, Zarqa Ali, Jacob P Thyssen, Alexander Egeberg, Simon Francis Thomsen","doi":"10.1111/cea.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.70201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10207,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effectiveness and Safety of Mepolizumab in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA): Real-World Experience From a Chinese Retrospective Case Series. Mepolizumab治疗过敏性支气管肺曲霉病(ABPA)的有效性和安全性:来自中国回顾性病例系列的真实世界经验。
IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/cea.70199
Xu Li, Peize Liu, Tingting Gao, Jingjing Wang, Mengwei Wu, Haoyuan Li, Yinghui Qu, Ruichen Du, Liang Dong, Qian Qi, Lili Zhi
{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Mepolizumab in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA): Real-World Experience From a Chinese Retrospective Case Series.","authors":"Xu Li, Peize Liu, Tingting Gao, Jingjing Wang, Mengwei Wu, Haoyuan Li, Yinghui Qu, Ruichen Du, Liang Dong, Qian Qi, Lili Zhi","doi":"10.1111/cea.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.70199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10207,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pru p 7 Sensitisation in Northern China: High Prevalence and Wide Cross-Reactivity. pru7致敏在中国北方:高流行率和广泛的交叉反应。
IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/cea.70194
Jing Jin, Bingjie Chen, Siqin Wang, Jianbo Wang, Pengfei Ba, Lan Zhao, Bingyang Zhou, Jie Jin, Xu Wang, Zhongshan Gao, Jinyong Huang
{"title":"Pru p 7 Sensitisation in Northern China: High Prevalence and Wide Cross-Reactivity.","authors":"Jing Jin, Bingjie Chen, Siqin Wang, Jianbo Wang, Pengfei Ba, Lan Zhao, Bingyang Zhou, Jie Jin, Xu Wang, Zhongshan Gao, Jinyong Huang","doi":"10.1111/cea.70194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.70194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10207,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Early Walnut Powder Introduction for Prevention of Walnut Sensitisation in High-Risk Infants With Eczema: An Open-Label, Randomised, Non-Inferiority Trial. 早期引入核桃粉预防高危婴儿湿疹核桃致敏:一项开放标签、随机、非劣效性试验。
IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/cea.70193
Sayaka Hamaguchi, Mayako Saito-Abe, Mami Shimada, Hisako Ogasawara, Chisato Jimbo, Tomoki Yaguchi, Daisuke Harama, Daichi Suzuki, Kotaro Umezawa, Seiko Hirai, Kenji Toyokuni, Osamu Natsume, Fumiya Yamaide, Chikako Motomura, Tatsuki Fukuie, Yukihiro Oyha, Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada
{"title":"Early Walnut Powder Introduction for Prevention of Walnut Sensitisation in High-Risk Infants With Eczema: An Open-Label, Randomised, Non-Inferiority Trial.","authors":"Sayaka Hamaguchi, Mayako Saito-Abe, Mami Shimada, Hisako Ogasawara, Chisato Jimbo, Tomoki Yaguchi, Daisuke Harama, Daichi Suzuki, Kotaro Umezawa, Seiko Hirai, Kenji Toyokuni, Osamu Natsume, Fumiya Yamaide, Chikako Motomura, Tatsuki Fukuie, Yukihiro Oyha, Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada","doi":"10.1111/cea.70193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.70193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10207,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Baseline Epigenetics as a Biomarker of Mepolizumab Response in Severe Asthma. 基线表观遗传学作为重度哮喘Mepolizumab反应的生物标志物。
IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/cea.70195
Hongmei Zhang, Xin Jin, Hasan Arshad, Ramesh J Kurukulaaratchy
{"title":"Baseline Epigenetics as a Biomarker of Mepolizumab Response in Severe Asthma.","authors":"Hongmei Zhang, Xin Jin, Hasan Arshad, Ramesh J Kurukulaaratchy","doi":"10.1111/cea.70195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cea.70195","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10207,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Low-Dose Intravenous Challenge Testing to Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: A Safe and Effective Approach to the Investigation of Perioperative Anaphylaxis. 神经肌肉阻滞剂低剂量静脉激发试验:一种安全有效的围手术期过敏反应研究方法。
IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/cea.70198
Linda Nel, Louise Young, Joshua Gladman, Xi Ying Soo, Luc Bugeja, Efrem Eren
{"title":"Low-Dose Intravenous Challenge Testing to Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: A Safe and Effective Approach to the Investigation of Perioperative Anaphylaxis.","authors":"Linda Nel, Louise Young, Joshua Gladman, Xi Ying Soo, Luc Bugeja, Efrem Eren","doi":"10.1111/cea.70198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.70198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10207,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clustering of the Bronchial Epithelial Immune Response to Viral Stimulation in Patients With Asthma Identifies Clinically Recognisable Epithelial Exacerbation Response Profiles. 哮喘患者对病毒刺激的支气管上皮免疫反应聚类识别临床可识别的上皮加重反应谱
IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/cea.70191
Laurits Frøssing, Morten Hvidtfeldt, Juan Jose Nieto-Fontarigo, Sangeeta Ramu, Mandy Menzel, Lise Lotte Eriksen, Nanna Dyhre-Petersen, Asger Sverrild, Lena Uller, Celeste Porsbjerg
{"title":"Clustering of the Bronchial Epithelial Immune Response to Viral Stimulation in Patients With Asthma Identifies Clinically Recognisable Epithelial Exacerbation Response Profiles.","authors":"Laurits Frøssing, Morten Hvidtfeldt, Juan Jose Nieto-Fontarigo, Sangeeta Ramu, Mandy Menzel, Lise Lotte Eriksen, Nanna Dyhre-Petersen, Asger Sverrild, Lena Uller, Celeste Porsbjerg","doi":"10.1111/cea.70191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.70191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10207,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145713561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reframing Personalised Therapy in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Beyond Endotypes Toward Mechanistic Response Profiling 重构慢性自发性荨麻疹的个体化治疗:从内源性到机制反应分析。
IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1111/cea.70196
Nav La, Schawanya K. Rattanapitoon, Chutharat Thanchonnang, Nathkapach K. Rattanapitoon
{"title":"Reframing Personalised Therapy in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Beyond Endotypes Toward Mechanistic Response Profiling","authors":"Nav La, Schawanya K. Rattanapitoon, Chutharat Thanchonnang, Nathkapach K. Rattanapitoon","doi":"10.1111/cea.70196","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cea.70196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10207,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy","volume":"56 1","pages":"109-110"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145707631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prize Winning Abstracts From the BSACI 2025 Meeting BSACI 2025会议获奖摘要。
IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/cea.70190
Mohamed H. Shamji, Robert J. Boyle
<p>The annual British Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) conference was held at the International Convention Centre (ICC), Wales from 16 to 18 October 2025. This year, the Barry Kay Award, which recognises Professor Kay's national and international research contributions to the field of allergy and asthma that inspired so many young Allergists and Respiratory scientists, was awarded for the best abstracts in the Primary Care, Allied Health, Adult Clinical, Medical Student, Basic Science, Paediatric Allergy Services and Paediatric Clinical categories. Here, the award recipients summarise their research findings.</p><p> <i>Adrenaline Auto-Injector Prescribing in Primary Care in England: An Analysis of Non-Standard Dosing</i> </p><p>Adrenaline auto-injectors (AAIs) are the recommended first-line treatment for anaphylaxis in the community, with doses of 150 mcg or 300 mcg based on patient weight [<span>1</span>]. Currently, no standardised mechanisms exist in primary care to transition patients onto the higher 300 mcg dose when they reach the weight threshold of 25–30 kg.</p><p>The NHS Business Services Authority Data Science team and collaborators analysed NHS community prescription data (December 2022–2024) dispensed in England to identify non-standard AAI prescribing, defined as patients likely over the weight threshold still receiving the 150 mcg dose. Weight was estimated using age-based models and compared to device-specific switching thresholds. We also examined prescribing patterns in relation to geographic deprivation.</p><p>Of 46,999 patients identified as having been prescribed 150 mcg AAIs, 1747 (3.7%) to 9480 (20.2%) may have exceeded the recommended weight threshold depending on the growth centiles used. Using the Resuscitation Council UK guideline of switching doses at age 6, the rate of non-standard dosing rises to 23,059 patients (49.1%). Estimated rates of non-standard AAI prescribing were higher in areas of England with most deprivation.</p><p>These findings suggest underdosing of AAIs is not uncommon. Healthcare professionals should review whether patients at risk of anaphylaxis are prescribed the appropriate dose based on weight.</p><p> <i>Dietary Outcomes Following Oral Immunotherapy for Cow's Milk Allergy: Results From the SOCMA Study</i> </p><p>Cow's milk oral immunotherapy (CM-OIT) is increasingly offered to treat cow's milk (CM) allergy, to increase the amount of CM protein that can be consumed and so reducing dietary restrictions [<span>2</span>]. There are limited data describing dietary behaviours following CM-OIT.</p><p>We explored dosing and dietary behaviours of children in the second year of CM-OIT within the SOCMA study (improving the safety of oral immunotherapy for CM allergy NCT02216175). Structured telephone interviews at 15- and 24-month post-treatment assessed dairy intake, allergic reactions, and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Most partici
一年一度的英国过敏与临床免疫学学会(BSACI)会议于2025年10月16日至18日在威尔士国际会议中心(ICC)举行。今年,Barry Kay奖授予了初级保健、联合健康、成人临床、医学生、基础科学、儿科过敏服务和儿科临床类别的最佳摘要,该奖项表彰了Kay教授在过敏和哮喘领域的国家和国际研究贡献,激励了许多年轻的过敏症专家和呼吸系统科学家。在这里,获奖者总结了他们的研究成果。肾上腺素自动注射器(AAIs)是社区推荐的过敏反应一线治疗药物,根据患者体重,剂量为150微克或300微克。目前,在初级保健中,当患者达到25-30 kg的体重阈值时,没有标准化的机制将患者转移到较高的300 mcg剂量。NHS商业服务管理局数据科学团队和合作者分析了在英格兰分发的NHS社区处方数据(2022年12月至2024年12月),以确定非标准AAI处方,定义为可能超过体重阈值的患者仍在接受150微克剂量。使用基于年龄的模型估计体重,并与特定设备的切换阈值进行比较。我们还研究了与地理剥夺相关的处方模式。在46,999例患者中,1747例(3.7%)至9480例(20.2%)可能超过了推荐的体重阈值,具体取决于所使用的生长百分位数。根据英国复苏委员会6岁时转换剂量的指南,非标准剂量的比例上升到23,059例(49.1%)。在英格兰最贫困的地区,非标准AAI处方的估计比率更高。这些发现表明,AAIs的剂量不足并不罕见。医疗保健专业人员应审查是否有过敏反应风险的患者处方适当的剂量基于体重。口服免疫疗法治疗牛奶过敏后的饮食结果:来自SOCMA研究的结果牛奶口服免疫疗法(CM- oit)越来越多地被用于治疗牛奶过敏,以增加可以摄入的CM蛋白的量,从而减少饮食限制。描述CM-OIT后饮食行为的数据有限。我们在SOCMA研究中探讨了CM- oit第二年儿童的剂量和饮食行为(提高口服免疫治疗CM过敏NCT02216175的安全性)。在治疗后15和24个月进行结构化电话访谈,评估乳制品摄入量、过敏反应和健康相关生活质量(HRQL)。大多数参与者保持每日CM剂量,并尝试过酸奶、奶酪、烤牛奶和其他含牛奶的食物;然而,纳入的种类和频率仍然有限。超过50%的人报告厌恶味道,害怕过敏反应和新事物恐惧症,这反映在参与者对乳制品的看法上。随着时间的推移,人们观察到一种减少乳制品种类的趋势。与基线相比,FAQLQ得分在两个随访点均有显著提高。尽管大多数参与者继续维持摄入量并表现出HRQL的改善,但当摄入量是自我指导时,饮食的扩大仍然受到限制。在CM-OIT维持阶段的多学科团队中持续的个性化饮食支持可能会支持更好的长期饮食和患者报告的结果。食物花粉过敏综合征的脱敏治疗:文献回顾和证据评估食物花粉过敏综合征(FPAS)越来越被认为是由花粉和食物蛋白质交叉反应引发的口腔过敏症状的原因,但治疗选择仍然有限。本综述批判性地评估了支持脱敏治疗治疗FPAS的证据质量。一项系统搜索确定了2014年至2024年间发表的8项符合条件的研究,包括5项随机对照试验和3项系统综述。口服苹果免疫疗法是研究最多的干预措施,高达63%的参与者在8个月后对生苹果产生耐受性,而安慰剂组则没有。使用重组Mal d1过敏原的舌下免疫疗法显著减轻了口腔症状,总体上有中等确定性的证据表明食物靶向脱敏。相比之下,桦树花粉过敏原免疫疗法的疗效不一致,证据质量低。食物特异性脱敏是一种很有前途的治疗策略,尽管仍处于实验阶段。需要进一步大规模、高质量的试验来证实其长期效益并确定其在临床实践中的作用。 牛奶过敏(Cow's Milk Allergy, CMA)影响约1%的婴儿,但CMA的过度诊断很常见[3,4]。我们评估了最近德尔菲共识指导的表现,其目的是减少CMA过度诊断。本指南着眼于症状与摄入牛奶蛋白(CMP)之间的时间关系。关键的标准是症状再现性,即每次摄入CMP时都会出现症状,以及症状特异性,即不喝牛奶时不会出现症状。我们对怀特岛食物过敏和不耐受研究中918名婴儿的前瞻性出生队列进行了二次分析,随访一年。我们将德尔菲指导映射到3、6、9和12个月的症状日记中,对德尔菲是否怀疑CMA进行分类。然后对真实的CMA状态(21 IgE或非IgE CMA, 889无CMA)进行解盲,并计算德尔菲指导的诊断准确性。德尔菲指南将78名(19名CMA)婴儿分类为可能的CMA。相比之下,CoMiSS为212例(13 CMA), iMAP为874例(21 CMA)。这些发现表明,在婴儿中检测CMA应侧重于识别与直接接触牛奶有关的可重复的、特定的症状。气道平滑肌(ASM)的过度收缩和结构重构是哮喘的核心特征,也是类固醇抵抗性疾病的主要因素。在Fernandes博士的指导下,Palavilayil博士、Shaikh博士及其同事开展了这项研究,研究了g蛋白信号传导12 (RGS12)的调节因子在维持ASM稳态中的作用。使用ASM特异性RGS12敲除模型和体外实验,RGS12的缺失与细胞内钙振荡中断、cAMP调节减少和ASM增殖增加有关,产生与气道高反应性一致的表型。IL-13刺激后RGS12表达降低,地塞米松治疗后仅部分恢复,提示与类固醇耐药有关。α-SMA和versican均为气道壁增厚和细胞外基质沉积的标志,其表达增加表明rgs12缺失组织的结构重塑增强。总的来说,RGS12似乎作为一种保护性调节剂,整合钙和g蛋白信号以稳定ASM功能。这些发现强调了RGS12作为限制气道重塑和改善严重哮喘预后的潜在分子靶点。所有人的过敏护理?尽管NHS致力于公平护理,但过敏途径在社会经济群体中并不均衡。此外,大多数过敏研究侧重于生物医学或环境主题,而社会经济模式仅占已发表研究的5%左右。本研究通过将患者的邮政编码映射到多个领域的多重剥夺指数,检查了在三级儿科过敏中心就诊的患者是否准确地代表了更广泛的人群社会经济分布。总体剥夺模式显示,最贫困家庭以及最高十分位数家庭的代表性不足(在IMD十分位数1中为6%,而不是12%;在7-10十分位数中为27%,而不是65%)。具体领域的分析显示出复杂的梯度:收入呈现相对正态分布(1-4十分位数为52%),教育明显向较高十分位数倾斜(6-10十分位数为73%),住房集中在较低十分位数(1-3十分位数为71%)。在住房条件差的家庭中,5-9岁儿童的入学率最高。这些发现表明,在伦敦,住房是一个关键的不利因素,而教育程度可能有助于更好地导航转诊系统。该研究强调,需要积极主动地向贫困社区伸出援手,改善初级保健转诊的公平性,并与地方当局开展环境卫生合作。牛奶梯是平等的吗?牛奶阶梯食品的生化分析牛奶阶梯食品被广泛用于支持在牛奶过敏儿童的饮食中(重新)引入牛奶,从广泛加热到未加热的形式[5-7]。这些阶梯是根据牛奶蛋白质含量的理论估计以及热处理和基质效应对致敏性的假设影响而设计的。然而,“阶梯步骤”缺乏量化和标准化,特别是在每一步特定牛奶蛋白的量方面;这对于最大限度地提高安全性非常重要。本研究提供了用于牛奶阶梯的食品的生化分析,检查了总牛奶蛋白和特定牛奶蛋白的存在,包括β-乳球蛋白,β-酪蛋白和总酪蛋白。
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Clinical and Experimental Allergy
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