Abdul Usman, A. Uzairu, S. Uba, Gideon Adamu Shallangwa
In this present investigation, a structure-based docking design technique was explored in designing a novel derivative of chloroquine for the treatment and management of new COVID 19 disease. To achieve this, the molecular docking simulation method was used to investigate the level of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (Drugs presently under clinical trial) interactions on SARSCoV2 enzyme (a causative agent of COVID 19 disease). Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine which has been debated as drugs for the treatment of COVID 19 were subjected to molecular docking analysis, and the binding energies generated were found to be -6.1kcal/mol and -6.8 kcal/mol respectively. These two high binding energies revealed the binding strength of these two compounds against the SARS-CoV2 protease. Moreover, novel 2-((4-((7-chloroquinolin-4 yl) amino)pentyl)((methylamino)methyl)amino) ethan-1-ol as an anti-SARS-CoV2 protease was designed through the structural modification of hydroxychloroquine. The binding energy of this drug candidate was found to be -6.9 kcal/mol. This novel drug was found to bind and form hydrogen bonding with the binding site of SARS-CoV2 protease through GLU166, GLY143, PHE140, ASN142 and HIS163 amino acids. With this binding energy, this new drug candidate could bind better to the human SARS-CoV2 protease’ binding site. This research provides a clue for other scientists on various ways of designing and identify the types of amino acids that may be responsible for protein action on SARS-CoV2. Funding: None to declare. Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical: Not required.
{"title":"Molecular Docking Analysis of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine and Design of Anti SARS-CoV2 Protease","authors":"Abdul Usman, A. Uzairu, S. Uba, Gideon Adamu Shallangwa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3601295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3601295","url":null,"abstract":"In this present investigation, a structure-based docking design technique was explored in designing a novel derivative of chloroquine for the treatment and management of new COVID 19 disease. To achieve this, the molecular docking simulation method was used to investigate the level of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (Drugs presently under clinical trial) interactions on SARSCoV2 enzyme (a causative agent of COVID 19 disease). Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine which has been debated as drugs for the treatment of COVID 19 were subjected to molecular docking analysis, and the binding energies generated were found to be -6.1kcal/mol and -6.8 kcal/mol respectively. These two high binding energies revealed the binding strength of these two compounds against the SARS-CoV2 protease. Moreover, novel 2-((4-((7-chloroquinolin-4 yl) amino)pentyl)((methylamino)methyl)amino) ethan-1-ol as an anti-SARS-CoV2 protease was designed through the structural modification of hydroxychloroquine. The binding energy of this drug candidate was found to be -6.9 kcal/mol. This novel drug was found to bind and form hydrogen bonding with the binding site of SARS-CoV2 protease through GLU166, GLY143, PHE140, ASN142 and HIS163 amino acids. With this binding energy, this new drug candidate could bind better to the human SARS-CoV2 protease’ binding site. This research provides a clue for other scientists on various ways of designing and identify the types of amino acids that may be responsible for protein action on SARS-CoV2. \u0000 \u0000Funding: None to declare. \u0000 \u0000Declaration of Interest: None to declare. \u0000 \u0000Ethical: Not required.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129525084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hou, Xiang-Shan Kong, X. Kong, Changsong Liu, Jun Song
Hydrogen (H) induced damage in metals has been a long-standing woe for many industrial applications. One form of such damage is linked to H clustering, for which the atomic origin remains contended, particularly for non-hydride forming metals. In this work, we systematically studied H clustering behavior in bcc metals represented by W, Fe, Mo, and Cr, combining first-principles calculations, atomistic and Monte Carlo simulations. H clustering has been shown to be energetically favorable, and can be strongly facilitated by anisotropic stress field, dominated by the tensile component along one of the crystalline directions. We showed that the stress effect can be well predicted by the continuum model based on H formation volume tensor, and that H clustering is thermodynamically possible at edge dislocations, evidenced by nanohydride formation at rather low levels of H concentration. Moreover, anisotropy in the stress effect is well reflected in nanohydride morphology around dislocations, with nanohydride growth occurring in the form of thin platelet structures that maximize one tension. In particular, the type edge dislocation, with the tensile component maximized, has been shown to be highly effective in facilitating H aggregation, thus expected to play an important role in H clustering in bcc metals, in close agreement with recent experimental observations. This work explicitly and quantitatively clarifies the anisotropic nature of stress effect on H energetics and H clustering behaviors, offering mechanistic insights critical towards understanding H-induced damages in metals.
{"title":"Hydrogen Clustering in Bcc Metals: Atomic Origin and Strong Stress Anisotropy","authors":"J. Hou, Xiang-Shan Kong, X. Kong, Changsong Liu, Jun Song","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3606817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3606817","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen (H) induced damage in metals has been a long-standing woe for many industrial applications. One form of such damage is linked to H clustering, for which the atomic origin remains contended, particularly for non-hydride forming metals. In this work, we systematically studied H clustering behavior in bcc metals represented by W, Fe, Mo, and Cr, combining first-principles calculations, atomistic and Monte Carlo simulations. H clustering has been shown to be energetically favorable, and can be strongly facilitated by anisotropic stress field, dominated by the tensile component along one of the crystalline directions. We showed that the stress effect can be well predicted by the continuum model based on H formation volume tensor, and that H clustering is thermodynamically possible at edge dislocations, evidenced by nanohydride formation at rather low levels of H concentration. Moreover, anisotropy in the stress effect is well reflected in nanohydride morphology around dislocations, with nanohydride growth occurring in the form of thin platelet structures that maximize one tension. In particular, the type edge dislocation, with the tensile component maximized, has been shown to be highly effective in facilitating H aggregation, thus expected to play an important role in H clustering in bcc metals, in close agreement with recent experimental observations. This work explicitly and quantitatively clarifies the anisotropic nature of stress effect on H energetics and H clustering behaviors, offering mechanistic insights critical towards understanding H-induced damages in metals.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122017073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) is a special type of high performance fibre reinforced cementitious composite having uniquely high ductile and tensile properties. Reducing the usage of cement in ECC by using less energy intensive binders is a step in the attainment of sustainable development to reduce greenhouse gases. River sand is also becoming a scarce commodity and hence exploring alternatives to it has become important. This paper focuses on characterizing the mechanical properties of an Eco – friendly ECC with High Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) content, manufactured sand and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fibre. Experiments were conducted for finding the mechanical properties of ECC by the influence of HVFA (60%, 70% & 80%) content, Self-curing Agent (Polyethylene Glycol 600) and Calcium Carbonate. The results show that the mechanical properties of HVFA-ECC having fly ash up to 70% are comparable with those of ECC without fly ash. Addition of CaCO3 and self-curing agent contributed for the early strength development and an alternative for water curing in HVFA-ECC.
{"title":"Effect of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete in Self-Curing Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC)","authors":"Y. C, Joanna P.S","doi":"10.31224/osf.io/b53wx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31224/osf.io/b53wx","url":null,"abstract":"Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) is a special type of high performance fibre reinforced cementitious composite having uniquely high ductile and tensile properties. Reducing the usage of cement in ECC by using less energy intensive binders is a step in the attainment of sustainable development to reduce greenhouse gases. River sand is also becoming a scarce commodity and hence exploring alternatives to it has become important. This paper focuses on characterizing the mechanical properties of an Eco – friendly ECC with High Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) content, manufactured sand and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fibre. Experiments were conducted for finding the mechanical properties of ECC by the influence of HVFA (60%, 70% & 80%) content, Self-curing Agent (Polyethylene Glycol 600) and Calcium Carbonate. The results show that the mechanical properties of HVFA-ECC having fly ash up to 70% are comparable with those of ECC without fly ash. Addition of CaCO3 and self-curing agent contributed for the early strength development and an alternative for water curing in HVFA-ECC.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114726464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At present, the OCDMA has gaining so much of popularity due to increase in demand of high speed and huge capacity of handling data traffic. OCDMA network provide high level of data security from one end to another end. Through OCDMA, the number of user can access the data simultaneously without any occurrence of collision. At receiving end there are number of detection scheme that are used to retrieve the original data but due to some data degradation factors the exact amount of data cannot be retrieved at receiving end. Thus to come over these limiting factors i.e. Multiple Access Interference and noise effects in OCDMA system, detection scheme called single Photodiode detection(SPD) technique with 1Gbps of data rate is simulated via Optisystem version 13.0. The effect of attenuation, dispersion both considered into the system. The performance of SPD based OCDMA network is characterised on the basis of BER, Q factor and number of photodiodes used. The simulated model provides better Quality factor and minimum BER which is useful for good communication occurrence. SPD having minimum BER of 1.29597× 10-43 and Quality factor 15 as in comparison to complementary detection technique provides better quality factor and reduces the bit error rate of signal.
目前，由于对高速和大容量数据流量的需求不断增加，OCDMA得到了广泛的应用。OCDMA网络从一端到另一端提供了高水平的数据安全性。通过OCDMA，多个用户可以同时访问数据而不会发生冲突。在接收端有许多检测方案用于检索原始数据，但由于一些数据退化因素，无法在接收端检索到准确的数据量。因此，为了克服OCDMA系统中的多址干扰和噪声影响等限制因素，通过Optisystem version 13.0对数据速率为1Gbps的单光电二极管检测(SPD)技术进行了仿真。衰减、色散的影响都考虑到系统中。利用误码率、Q因子和光电二极管的数量来表征基于SPD的OCDMA网络的性能。仿真模型提供了更好的质量因子和最小的误码率，有助于实现良好的通信效果。与互补检测技术相比，最小误码率为1.29597× 10-43，品质因数为15的SPD提供了更好的品质因数，降低了信号的误码率。
{"title":"Performance Improvement of OCDMA System with Single Photodiode Detection Technique","authors":"Swati, Ashim Shahi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3599873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3599873","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the OCDMA has gaining so much of popularity due to increase in demand of high speed and huge capacity of handling data traffic. OCDMA network provide high level of data security from one end to another end. Through OCDMA, the number of user can access the data simultaneously without any occurrence of collision. At receiving end there are number of detection scheme that are used to retrieve the original data but due to some data degradation factors the exact amount of data cannot be retrieved at receiving end. Thus to come over these limiting factors i.e. Multiple Access Interference and noise effects in OCDMA system, detection scheme called single Photodiode detection(SPD) technique with 1Gbps of data rate is simulated via Optisystem version 13.0. The effect of attenuation, dispersion both considered into the system. The performance of SPD based OCDMA network is characterised on the basis of BER, Q factor and number of photodiodes used. The simulated model provides better Quality factor and minimum BER which is useful for good communication occurrence. SPD having minimum BER of 1.29597× 10-43 and Quality factor 15 as in comparison to complementary detection technique provides better quality factor and reduces the bit error rate of signal.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117132262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zihan Song, O. Magdysyuk, Lei Tang, T. Sparks, B. Cai
High-speed synchrotron tomography was used to investigate the nucleation and growth dynamics of Al3Fe intermetallic during solidification of an Al-5wt%Fe alloy, providing new insights into its formation mechanisms. The majority of Al3Fe intermetallics nucleated at the surface oxide of the specimen and a few nucleated at Al3Fe phase. Al3Fe crystals grew into a variety of shapes, including platelet, stepped and bended, which can be attributed to the crystal structure of this compound and its susceptibility to twinning. Hole-like defects filled with aluminium melt were observed within the intermetallics. Large Al3Fe crystals imaged after deep etching were shown to be made of small crystal subunits. Based on this observation, tiling of precusor subunits was proposed to explain the formation of the Al3Fe intermetialic. These insights are not only vital for the development of crystal growth models but aslo valuable to aluminium alloys recycling industries.
{"title":"Growth Mechanisms of Faceted Al 3Fe Intermetallic Revealed by High-Speed Synchrotron X-Ray Quantification","authors":"Zihan Song, O. Magdysyuk, Lei Tang, T. Sparks, B. Cai","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3582174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3582174","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed synchrotron tomography was used to investigate the nucleation and growth dynamics of Al3Fe intermetallic during solidification of an Al-5wt%Fe alloy, providing new insights into its formation mechanisms. The majority of Al3Fe intermetallics nucleated at the surface oxide of the specimen and a few nucleated at Al3Fe phase. Al3Fe crystals grew into a variety of shapes, including platelet, stepped and bended, which can be attributed to the crystal structure of this compound and its susceptibility to twinning. Hole-like defects filled with aluminium melt were observed within the intermetallics. Large Al3Fe crystals imaged after deep etching were shown to be made of small crystal subunits. Based on this observation, tiling of precusor subunits was proposed to explain the formation of the Al3Fe intermetialic. These insights are not only vital for the development of crystal growth models but aslo valuable to aluminium alloys recycling industries.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114817904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural language processing (NLP) patents are one of the fastest growing niche segments in the technology patent marketplace. NLP technologies power the latest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. For example, NLP technology supports Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, and Facebook’s friend recommendation system. Yet, while the literature on software patents is visibly scaling – the literature specifically focused on NLP patents is non-existent. This Article draws on a growing body of computational linguistics, intellectual property, and technology law scholarship to provide novel NLP patent analysis and critique. Further, this Article contributes the first empirical NLP patent review, including novel software descriptions, market modeling, and legal analysis relating to patent claims. First, this Article discusses the two main technical approaches to developing NLP software. Second, this Article models an evolving NLP patent dataset, offering economic insights, legal claims analysis, and patent valuation strategies.
{"title":"Patents for NLP Software: An Empirical Review","authors":"Brian Haney","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3594515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3594515","url":null,"abstract":"Natural language processing (NLP) patents are one of the fastest growing niche segments in the technology patent marketplace. NLP technologies power the latest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. For example, NLP technology supports Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, and Facebook’s friend recommendation system. Yet, while the literature on software patents is visibly scaling – the literature specifically focused on NLP patents is non-existent. \u0000 \u0000This Article draws on a growing body of computational linguistics, intellectual property, and technology law scholarship to provide novel NLP patent analysis and critique. Further, this Article contributes the first empirical NLP patent review, including novel software descriptions, market modeling, and legal analysis relating to patent claims. First, this Article discusses the two main technical approaches to developing NLP software. Second, this Article models an evolving NLP patent dataset, offering economic insights, legal claims analysis, and patent valuation strategies.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133794548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Arimond, Damian Borth, Andreas G. F. Hoepner, M. Klawunn, S. Weisheit
Utilizing a generative regime switching framework, we perform Monte-Carlo simulations of asset returns for Value at Risk threshold estimation. Using equity markets and long term bonds as test assets in the global, US, Euro area and UK setting over an up to 1,250 weeks sample horizon ending in August 2018, we investigate neural networks along three design steps relating (i) to the initialization of the neural network, (ii) its incentive function according to which it has been trained and (iii) the amount of data we feed. First, we compare neural networks with random seeding with networks that are initialized via estimations from the best-established model (i.e. the Hidden Markov). We find latter to outperform in terms of the frequency of VaR breaches (i.e. the realized return falling short of the estimated VaR threshold). Second, we balance the incentive structure of the loss function of our networks by adding a second objective to the training instructions so that the neural networks optimize for accuracy while also aiming to stay in empirically realistic regime distributions (i.e. bull vs. bear market frequencies). In particular this design feature enables the balanced incentive recurrent neural network (RNN) to outperform the single incentive RNN as well as any other neural network or established approach by statistically and economically significant levels. Third, we half our training data set of 2,000 days. We find our networks when fed with substantially less data (i.e. 1,000 days) to perform significantly worse which highlights a crucial weakness of neural networks in their dependence on very large data sets ...
{"title":"Neural Networks and Value at Risk","authors":"Alexander Arimond, Damian Borth, Andreas G. F. Hoepner, M. Klawunn, S. Weisheit","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3591996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3591996","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing a generative regime switching framework, we perform Monte-Carlo simulations of asset returns for Value at Risk threshold estimation. Using equity markets and long term bonds as test assets in the global, US, Euro area and UK setting over an up to 1,250 weeks sample horizon ending in August 2018, we investigate neural networks along three design steps relating (i) to the initialization of the neural network, (ii) its incentive function according to which it has been trained and (iii) the amount of data we feed. First, we compare neural networks with random seeding with networks that are initialized via estimations from the best-established model (i.e. the Hidden Markov). We find latter to outperform in terms of the frequency of VaR breaches (i.e. the realized return falling short of the estimated VaR threshold). Second, we balance the incentive structure of the loss function of our networks by adding a second objective to the training instructions so that the neural networks optimize for accuracy while also aiming to stay in empirically realistic regime distributions (i.e. bull vs. bear market frequencies). In particular this design feature enables the balanced incentive recurrent neural network (RNN) to outperform the single incentive RNN as well as any other neural network or established approach by statistically and economically significant levels. Third, we half our training data set of 2,000 days. We find our networks when fed with substantially less data (i.e. 1,000 days) to perform significantly worse which highlights a crucial weakness of neural networks in their dependence on very large data sets ...","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"97 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115157631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mr. Utpal Shrivastava, Dr. Vikas Thada, Amit Kumar, M. Garach, Adit Paliwal
We propose another system for evaluating generative models by means of an ill-disposed process, in which we at the same time train two models: a generative model G that catches the information conveyance, and a discriminative model D that gauges the likelihood that an example originated from the preparation information as opposed to G. The preparation strategy for G is to expand the likelihood of D committing an error. This system compares to a mini max two-player game. In the space of discretionary capacities G and D, an interesting arrangement exists, with G recuperating the preparation information conveyance and D equivalent to 1/2 all over the place. For the situation where G and D are characterized by multi-layer perceptions, the whole framework can be prepared with back propagation. There is no requirement for any Markov chains or unrolled estimated deduction systems during either preparing or age of tests. Investigations illustrate the capability of the system through subjective and quantitative assessment of the produced tests.
{"title":"Deep Learning Approach To Face Conditioning Using Invertible Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (ICGAN)","authors":"Mr. Utpal Shrivastava, Dr. Vikas Thada, Amit Kumar, M. Garach, Adit Paliwal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3670849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3670849","url":null,"abstract":"We propose another system for evaluating generative models by means of an ill-disposed process, in which we at the same time train two models: a generative model G that catches the information conveyance, and a discriminative model D that gauges the likelihood that an example originated from the preparation information as opposed to G. The preparation strategy for G is to expand the likelihood of D committing an error. This system compares to a mini max two-player game. In the space of discretionary capacities G and D, an interesting arrangement exists, with G recuperating the preparation information conveyance and D equivalent to 1/2 all over the place. For the situation where G and D are characterized by multi-layer perceptions, the whole framework can be prepared with back propagation. There is no requirement for any Markov chains or unrolled estimated deduction systems during either preparing or age of tests. Investigations illustrate the capability of the system through subjective and quantitative assessment of the produced tests.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132302077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.33
S. Gehlot, Dr. Meenu Vijarania, Swati Gupta
Mobile ad hoc network is a wireless network group of mobile devices having no infrastructure. Load balancing is an important problem in such networks due to dynamic topology of the nodes. Many protocols are developed to improve the bandwidth, energy efficiency and throughput of these networks. With the increasing use of MANETs they are evolving wit use of applications and for non- uniform load distribution it’s difficult to manage the load. Load balancing provides a single internet service from multiple servers as a commonly used application. Multi-casting support at the link layer is essential for the efficient use of network resources. system propose a light weight dynamic channel allocation scheme for MANET. The system compares two algorithms DCA -TRACE and CMH-T RACE to provide support for non-uniform load distributions and propose CDCA-TRACE. It increases the number of source nodes and reduce the number of collisions, energy consumption and average absolute IPDV drastically.
{"title":"Collaborative Load Balancing and Effective Channel Allocation for Cluster-Based MANETs","authors":"S. Gehlot, Dr. Meenu Vijarania, Swati Gupta","doi":"10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.33","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile ad hoc network is a wireless network group of mobile devices having no infrastructure. Load balancing is an important problem in such networks due to dynamic topology of the nodes. Many protocols are developed to improve the bandwidth, energy efficiency and throughput of these networks. With the increasing use of MANETs they are evolving wit use of applications and for non- uniform load distribution it’s difficult to manage the load. Load balancing provides a single internet service from multiple servers as a commonly used application. Multi-casting support at the link layer is essential for the efficient use of network resources. system propose a light weight dynamic channel allocation scheme for MANET. The system compares two algorithms DCA -TRACE and CMH-T RACE to provide support for non-uniform load distributions and propose CDCA-TRACE. It increases the number of source nodes and reduce the number of collisions, energy consumption and average absolute IPDV drastically.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133672997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.35
Aniah Anthony, Sani Shahid Anka
The study investigated the effects of two modes of Computer Assisted Tutorial, Drill and Practice Instructional packages (CAI) on Pupils Achievement and Retention in English Language Spelling in Niger State. Findings show that CAI Tutorial, drill and practice packages mode strategy of instruction enhanced achievement and retention of English language spelling. The study adopted quasi–experimental design. Purposive sampling was used to select six schools from the seven educational zones in Niger State. The study sample comprised of 87 males and 93 females. Experimental groups were taught with CAI Tutorial, Drill and Practice packages while Control group was taught with lecture method. Six research questions and six hypotheses guided the study. English Language Achievement Test (ELAT) was used for data collection. The CAI packages and ELAT were face validated by experts while the reliability was established using Kuder Richardson (KR 20) analysis and the reliability coefficient was found to be r = 0.74. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used in the testing of the hypotheses. It is recommended that, curriculum planners should infuse CAI packages into English language programmes so that primary school teachers’ can use it to teach English language concepts.
{"title":"Effects of Two Modes of Computer Assisted Instruction on Pupils’ Achievement and Retention in English Language Spelling in Niger State- Nigeria","authors":"Aniah Anthony, Sani Shahid Anka","doi":"10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.3.35","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effects of two modes of Computer Assisted Tutorial, Drill and Practice Instructional packages (CAI) on Pupils Achievement and Retention in English Language Spelling in Niger State. Findings show that CAI Tutorial, drill and practice packages mode strategy of instruction enhanced achievement and retention of English language spelling. The study adopted quasi–experimental design. Purposive sampling was used to select six schools from the seven educational zones in Niger State. The study sample comprised of 87 males and 93 females. Experimental groups were taught with CAI Tutorial, Drill and Practice packages while Control group was taught with lecture method. Six research questions and six hypotheses guided the study. English Language Achievement Test (ELAT) was used for data collection. The CAI packages and ELAT were face validated by experts while the reliability was established using Kuder Richardson (KR 20) analysis and the reliability coefficient was found to be r = 0.74. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used in the testing of the hypotheses. It is recommended that, curriculum planners should infuse CAI packages into English language programmes so that primary school teachers’ can use it to teach English language concepts.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123036727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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