We propose a set of guidelines under the name SQptr (pronounced as ‘Skepter’) that enable proceduring that is a planning stage just before actual development of an application. The guidelines are independent of the underlying language used for development. Universal testing of guidelines is a work in progress We demonstrate the fundamental idea through examples.
{"title":"SQptr a Proposed Set of Guidelines for Setting Up Proceduring for Enabling Solution Development","authors":"Sidharth Mallik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3497973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3497973","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a set of guidelines under the name SQptr (pronounced as ‘Skepter’) that enable proceduring that is a planning stage just before actual development of an application. The guidelines are independent of the underlying language used for development. Universal testing of guidelines is a work in progress We demonstrate the fundamental idea through examples.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124797210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of this research article is to describe the methods of estimation of most frequently used nonlinear production functional model in econometric analysis namely COBB-DOUGLAS production functional model by using nonlinear method of estimation and logarithmic linear transformation. B. Mahaboob et al. in 2017(see [1]). In their research paper, in 2017, estimated the parameters of generalized COBB-DOUGLAS production functional model. In 2017, B. Venkateswarlu et al (see [2]). In their research article discussed the fitting of full COBB-DOUGLAS by solving goal programming problem. Shaiara Husain et al.in 2016 (see [4]), in their research study, found that COBB-DOUGLAS production function is applicable in the context of manufacturing sector and revealed an interesting aspect that this sector exhibits increasing returns to scale.
本文的主要目的是描述计量经济学分析中最常用的非线性生产泛函模型，即COBB-DOUGLAS生产泛函模型，利用非线性估计方法和对数线性变换的方法进行估计。B. Mahaboob et al. 2017(见[1])。在他们2017年的研究论文中，估计了广义COBB-DOUGLAS生产函数模型的参数。2017, B. Venkateswarlu等(见[2])。在他们的研究文章中，通过求解目标规划问题讨论了完全COBB-DOUGLAS的拟合。Shaiara Husain et al.(见[4])在2016年的研究中发现，COBB-DOUGLAS生产函数适用于制造业，并揭示了一个有趣的方面，即制造业呈现出规模回报递增的趋势。
{"title":"A Glance on the Estimation of Cobb-Douglas Production Functional Model","authors":"Dr Ranadheer Donthi","doi":"10.1063/1.5135242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135242","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this research article is to describe the methods of estimation of most frequently used nonlinear production functional model in econometric analysis namely COBB-DOUGLAS production functional model by using nonlinear method of estimation and logarithmic linear transformation. B. Mahaboob et al. in 2017(see [1]). In their research paper, in 2017, estimated the parameters of generalized COBB-DOUGLAS production functional model. In 2017, B. Venkateswarlu et al (see [2]). In their research article discussed the fitting of full COBB-DOUGLAS by solving goal programming problem. Shaiara Husain et al.in 2016 (see [4]), in their research study, found that COBB-DOUGLAS production function is applicable in the context of manufacturing sector and revealed an interesting aspect that this sector exhibits increasing returns to scale.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126954072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuhai Dou, Chun He, Lei Zhang, M. Al‐Mamun, Haipeng Guo, Wenchao Zhang, Qingbing Xia, Jiantie Xu, Lixue Jiang, Yun Wang, Porun Liu, Xiao‐Ming Chen, H. Yin, Huijun Zhao
3d transition metals have been investigated as active centers in Ni(OH)2 to catalyze oxygen evolution reaction (OER), while conflicts of mechanism still exist. Herein, we studied how Ni, Co and Fe determine the OER activity in atomically thin Ni(OH)2 via experiments and theoretical calculations. The results show that both Co and Fe, with enhanced density of states near the Fermi level, decrease the overpotential by increasing the binding energy of O* and consequently exhibit higher catalytic activities than Ni. In particular, Fe, with nearly optimal O* binding energy, exhibits the lowest overpotential of 181 mV to reach 50 mA cm-2. In the case of CoFe co-doping, Co alters the electronic states of Fe, which weakens the Fe-OOH bond and slightly increases the overpotential. Based on the calculated activities, an overpotential contour plot is constructed, providing guidance for rational catalyst design via modulating electronic structures and intermediate binding energies.
三维过渡金属作为Ni(OH)2的活性中心催化出氧反应(OER)已被研究，但机理仍存在冲突。本文通过实验和理论计算研究了Ni、Co和Fe对原子薄Ni(OH)2中OER活性的影响。结果表明，Co和Fe在费米能级附近的态密度增加，通过增加O*的结合能来降低过电位，从而表现出比Ni更高的催化活性。其中Fe的O*结合能接近最佳，过电位最低为181 mV，达到50 mA cm-2。在CoFe共掺杂的情况下，Co改变了Fe的电子态，使Fe- ooh键减弱，过电位略有增加。根据计算得到的活度，绘制了过电位等高线图，通过调节电子结构和中间结合能，为催化剂的合理设计提供指导。
{"title":"How 3d Transition Metal Elements Determine the Oxygen Evolution Activity in Ni(OH) 2 Matrix","authors":"Yuhai Dou, Chun He, Lei Zhang, M. Al‐Mamun, Haipeng Guo, Wenchao Zhang, Qingbing Xia, Jiantie Xu, Lixue Jiang, Yun Wang, Porun Liu, Xiao‐Ming Chen, H. Yin, Huijun Zhao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3497024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3497024","url":null,"abstract":"3d transition metals have been investigated as active centers in Ni(OH)2 to catalyze oxygen evolution reaction (OER), while conflicts of mechanism still exist. Herein, we studied how Ni, Co and Fe determine the OER activity in atomically thin Ni(OH)2 via experiments and theoretical calculations. The results show that both Co and Fe, with enhanced density of states near the Fermi level, decrease the overpotential by increasing the binding energy of O* and consequently exhibit higher catalytic activities than Ni. In particular, Fe, with nearly optimal O* binding energy, exhibits the lowest overpotential of 181 mV to reach 50 mA cm-2. In the case of CoFe co-doping, Co alters the electronic states of Fe, which weakens the Fe-OOH bond and slightly increases the overpotential. Based on the calculated activities, an overpotential contour plot is constructed, providing guidance for rational catalyst design via modulating electronic structures and intermediate binding energies.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"84 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114112329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Bhadra, S. Alam, B. Debnath, D. Sarkar, Dr. A.R. Sengupta
In recent times the development and activities of renewable energy are growing exponentially. Amongst the various kind of renewable resources, wind energy is one of the most preferable due to its abundant availability, lesser cost, zero-emission compared to other sources. Among the various kind of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT), H-Darrieus rotor is more popular in the built environment for their simple constructions and higher power coefficient which also suffers from poor self-starting features. Again, the Savonius rotor is having the good self-starting capability but possess lesser power coefficient. To address all such limitations, investigations of hybrid H-Savonius rotor have been studied here in terms of the design, various parameters and augmentation techniques which are used to improve their self-starting and aerodynamic performances. This paper could work as a benchmark on the progress to improve the design and performance of the hybrid H-Darrieus rotor.
{"title":"Review of Experimental and Computational Analysis of Coaxial H-Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Rotor","authors":"P. Bhadra, S. Alam, B. Debnath, D. Sarkar, Dr. A.R. Sengupta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3495796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3495796","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times the development and activities of renewable energy are growing exponentially. Amongst the various kind of renewable resources, wind energy is one of the most preferable due to its abundant availability, lesser cost, zero-emission compared to other sources. Among the various kind of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT), H-Darrieus rotor is more popular in the built environment for their simple constructions and higher power coefficient which also suffers from poor self-starting features. Again, the Savonius rotor is having the good self-starting capability but possess lesser power coefficient. To address all such limitations, investigations of hybrid H-Savonius rotor have been studied here in terms of the design, various parameters and augmentation techniques which are used to improve their self-starting and aerodynamic performances. This paper could work as a benchmark on the progress to improve the design and performance of the hybrid H-Darrieus rotor.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121202866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Shaw, J. Marais, J. V. van Laar, C. Cilliers, J. Stols
The cost of electricity in South Africa has been increasing at rates that are significantly higher than inflation. Eskom most recently proposed increases of up to 15%. Various methods have already been introduced to reduce energy consumption at different types of mining operations. Efficient energy use has been and will continuously be a big focus going into the 4th industrial revolution (4IR). As found from literature, compressed air systems are one of the largest energy consumers at typical South African mines. This paper focuses on improvements on mine compressed air systems and limiting factors of reducing said energy consumption on an already optimized mine. Through literature, it was found that specific energy can be used to analyse compressors. This method was used to characterise compressor systems and isolate areas where improvement projects may have a significant effect on a given mine’s compressor energy consumption. The methods for proposing and implementing further projects are discussed with illustration thereof as well as the corresponding effects. Current initiatives, if sustained may result, in as much as R4.5 million per annum in energy savings. A properly analysed system combined with well tailored, investigated and implemented projects can lead to further energy savings of up to R20 million per annum.
{"title":"Analysing Demand and Supply Projects on a Mine Compressed Air System","authors":"W. Shaw, J. Marais, J. V. van Laar, C. Cilliers, J. Stols","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3637840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3637840","url":null,"abstract":"The cost of electricity in South Africa has been increasing at rates that are significantly higher than inflation. Eskom most recently proposed increases of up to 15%. Various methods have already been introduced to reduce energy consumption at different types of mining operations. Efficient energy use has been and will continuously be a big focus going into the 4th industrial revolution (4IR). As found from literature, compressed air systems are one of the largest energy consumers at typical South African mines. This paper focuses on improvements on mine compressed air systems and limiting factors of reducing said energy consumption on an already optimized mine. Through literature, it was found that specific energy can be used to analyse compressors. This method was used to characterise compressor systems and isolate areas where improvement projects may have a significant effect on a given mine’s compressor energy consumption. The methods for proposing and implementing further projects are discussed with illustration thereof as well as the corresponding effects. Current initiatives, if sustained may result, in as much as R4.5 million per annum in energy savings. A properly analysed system combined with well tailored, investigated and implemented projects can lead to further energy savings of up to R20 million per annum.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122914381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on TRNSYS simulation results on a hybrid concentrated solar photovoltaic thermal cooled collector, CSPVT. The system is composed of a 90Wp monocrystalline PV panel which is used to generate both electrical power and hot water for domestic use. The software was used to predict the total energy yield from a CSPVT. In addition to that, a prototype was built and tested to give actual energy yields. An existing Campbell weather station located near the experimental site, logging 15-minute data of actual parameters such as: incident radiation, voltage and current, enabled comparison with the model’s estimate. The electrical and thermal energy yields were closer to actual ones. Total energy production yield was 76% for Cape Town, South Africa, while TRNSYS predicted 82%. Thus, we conclude that, TRNSYS modelling can be used to predict the performance of the CSPVT at a location near the weather stations listed in the software’s database. A capital cost analysis showed that over a 15-year life span, the CSPVT could possibly give a unit energy cost less than half of that from a conventional PV panel.
{"title":"Trnsys Validation of a 1.5 Axis Tracking Concentrated Solar Photovoltaic Thermal System","authors":"N. Nteka, K. Kanyarusoke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3658921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3658921","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on TRNSYS simulation results on a hybrid concentrated solar photovoltaic thermal cooled collector, CSPVT. The system is composed of a 90Wp monocrystalline PV panel which is used to generate both electrical power and hot water for domestic use. The software was used to predict the total energy yield from a CSPVT. In addition to that, a prototype was built and tested to give actual energy yields. An existing Campbell weather station located near the experimental site, logging 15-minute data of actual parameters such as: incident radiation, voltage and current, enabled comparison with the model’s estimate. The electrical and thermal energy yields were closer to actual ones. Total energy production yield was 76% for Cape Town, South Africa, while TRNSYS predicted 82%. Thus, we conclude that, TRNSYS modelling can be used to predict the performance of the CSPVT at a location near the weather stations listed in the software’s database. A capital cost analysis showed that over a 15-year life span, the CSPVT could possibly give a unit energy cost less than half of that from a conventional PV panel. <br>","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114066032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) has been widely applied in drug delivery systems (DDS) to reverse tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) caused by overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). However its capability of inhibiting overexpression of P-gp is still limited due to poor penetration and premature drug release. Herein, the dual-targeted CMs based on charge reversal cell penetration peptide (cTAT) functionalized TPGS (cTAT-TPGS) and folic acid functionalized polypeptide (Folic acid-PEG-b-poly(Aspartic-Lipoic acid), FA-PPAL) were designed to reverse chemoresistance and improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. TAT was shielded by fatty acids and polypeptide introduced disulfide bonds. The CMs could keep stability with minimal drug leakage in blood circulation, whereas charge of TAT transform positive to improve the penetration and rapid dissociation of CMs to control drug release in low acidic and reductive environment of cancer cells. Furthermore, DOX achieved high accumulation in drug resistant cancer cells and directly released inside nucleus, leading to anti-MDR abilities and effective inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, the DOX-loaded CMs showed excellent biosafety, especially for the myocardium tissue. Overall, this novel strategy provided an effective platform for drug target delivery and reversal of MDR.
{"title":"TPGS-Based Dual-Targeted Crosslinked Micelles to Reverse Chemoresistance","authors":"Li Li, Tao Liu, Zhe-Yi Zhang, Guan-Hai Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3490424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3490424","url":null,"abstract":"D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) has been widely applied in drug delivery systems (DDS) to reverse tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) caused by overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). However its capability of inhibiting overexpression of P-gp is still limited due to poor penetration and premature drug release. Herein, the dual-targeted CMs based on charge reversal cell penetration peptide (cTAT) functionalized TPGS (cTAT-TPGS) and folic acid functionalized polypeptide (Folic acid-PEG-<i>b</i>-poly(Aspartic-Lipoic acid), FA-PPAL) were designed to reverse chemoresistance and improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. TAT was shielded by fatty acids and polypeptide introduced disulfide bonds. The CMs could keep stability with minimal drug leakage in blood circulation, whereas charge of TAT transform positive to improve the penetration and rapid dissociation of CMs to control drug release in low acidic and reductive environment of cancer cells. Furthermore, DOX achieved high accumulation in drug resistant cancer cells and directly released inside nucleus, leading to anti-MDR abilities and effective inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, the DOX-loaded CMs showed excellent biosafety, especially for the myocardium tissue. Overall, this novel strategy provided an effective platform for drug target delivery and reversal of MDR.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128634387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider a stylistic question of dynamic pricing of a single product with demand learning. The candidate prices belong to a wide range of price interval, and the modeling of the demand functions is nonparametric in nature, imposing only smoothness regularity conditions. One important aspect of our modeling is the possibility of the expected reward function to be non-convex and indeed multi-modal, which leads to many conceptual and technical challenges. Our proposed algorithm is inspired by both the Upper-Confidence-Bound (UCB) algorithm for multi-armed bandit and the Optimism-in-Face-of-Uncertainty (OFU) principle arising from linear contextual bandits. Through rigorous regret analysis, we demonstrate that our proposed algorithm achieves optimal worst-case regret over a wide range of smooth function classes. More specifically, for k-times smooth functions and T selling periods, the regret of our propose algorithm is O(T^{(k+1)/(2k+1)}), which is shown to be optimal via information theoretical lower bounds. We also show that in special cases such as strongly concave or infinitely smooth reward functions, our algorithm achieves an O(sqrt{T}) regret matching optimal regret established in previous works. Finally, we present numerical results which verify the effectiveness of our method in numerical simulations.
{"title":"Multi-Modal Dynamic Pricing","authors":"Yining Wang, Boxiao Chen, D. Simchi-Levi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3489355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3489355","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a stylistic question of dynamic pricing of a single product with demand learning. The candidate prices belong to a wide range of price interval, and the modeling of the demand functions is nonparametric in nature, imposing only smoothness regularity conditions. One important aspect of our modeling is the possibility of the expected reward function to be non-convex and indeed multi-modal, which leads to many conceptual and technical challenges. Our proposed algorithm is inspired by both the Upper-Confidence-Bound (UCB) algorithm for multi-armed bandit and the Optimism-in-Face-of-Uncertainty (OFU) principle arising from linear contextual bandits. Through rigorous regret analysis, we demonstrate that our proposed algorithm achieves optimal worst-case regret over a wide range of smooth function classes. More specifically, for k-times smooth functions and T selling periods, the regret of our propose algorithm is O(T^{(k+1)/(2k+1)}), which is shown to be optimal via information theoretical lower bounds. We also show that in special cases such as strongly concave or infinitely smooth reward functions, our algorithm achieves an O(sqrt{T}) regret matching optimal regret established in previous works. Finally, we present numerical results which verify the effectiveness of our method in numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124385958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today technology has occupied such an important place in the modern society that it is next to impossible to imagine life without it. A plethora of technological advancements take place everyday, so much that it is almost impossible to keep a track of all of them.
While it has both its advantages and disadvantages, the disadvantages would be the centre of discussion for this research paper. Technology in the present day modern society has a lot of impact on the way the society is conducted.
To substantiate the present day scenario various theories, research findings of great thinkers and philosophers have been taken into account. Arguably, some of these technological advancements have increased stress levels and isolation within the society. There is no denying that technology has its positive attributes, but when looking at the way it has impacted on the society, then it is safe to state that technology has a negative impact too.
Technology saw the boom in its usage for the first time during the industrial revolution when the capitalism was on the rise. Then, technology played the role of mobilizing people and increase in the production. But at the same time it also negatively impacted the cottage industries and low scale outlets, forced them to close, reduced the employment opportunities because what was done by human beings earlier was now done by the machines.
{"title":"The Advent of Technology and its Impact on the Society","authors":"Sriya Shubhalaxmi Mishra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3598962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3598962","url":null,"abstract":"Today technology has occupied such an important place in the modern society that it is next to impossible to imagine life without it. A plethora of technological advancements take place everyday, so much that it is almost impossible to keep a track of all of them.<br><br>While it has both its advantages and disadvantages, the disadvantages would be the centre of discussion for this research paper. Technology in the present day modern society has a lot of impact on the way the society is conducted.<br><br>To substantiate the present day scenario various theories, research findings of great thinkers and philosophers have been taken into account. Arguably, some of these technological advancements have increased stress levels and isolation within the society. There is no denying that technology has its positive attributes, but when looking at the way it has impacted on the society, then it is safe to state that technology has a negative impact too.<br><br>Technology saw the boom in its usage for the first time during the industrial revolution when the capitalism was on the rise. Then, technology played the role of mobilizing people and increase in the production. But at the same time it also negatively impacted the cottage industries and low scale outlets, forced them to close, reduced the employment opportunities because what was done by human beings earlier was now done by the machines.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116757310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the theory and the background of strut design are presented. The limitations of the traditional method and the results of new researches have been discussed. Overall, by presenting a solved example, this article is like a design guideline for engineers.
{"title":"Strut Design of Deep Excavation: Theory and Solved Example","authors":"M. Bahrami","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3486532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3486532","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the theory and the background of strut design are presented. The limitations of the traditional method and the results of new researches have been discussed. Overall, by presenting a solved example, this article is like a design guideline for engineers.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122179536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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