In this paper, we study the impact of information sharing on the bullwhip effect in a supply chain (SC) with one distributor and multiple retailers. We consider three levels of information sharing: No information sharing, demand information sharing, and vendor-managed inventory system. We model retailers’ demands by independent first-order autoregressive processes. We also assume base-stock policies for retailers’ and distributors’ stock replenishment. Following Wu et al. (2008), we derive expressions for the bullwhip effect for each level of information sharing. We considered stochastic lead times for all retailers and the distributor. Our findings suggest that the bullwhip effect decreases with increased information sharing. This observation is in sync with that of Wu et al. (2008), who considered deterministic lead time.
本文研究了一个分销商和多个零售商组成的供应链中信息共享对牛鞭效应的影响。我们考虑了三个层次的信息共享:无信息共享、需求信息共享和供应商管理的库存系统。我们用独立的一阶自回归过程对零售商的需求进行建模。我们还假设零售商和分销商的库存补充的基本库存政策。继Wu et al.(2008)之后，我们推导出了每个信息共享层次的牛鞭效应表达式。我们考虑了所有零售商和分销商的随机交货时间。我们的研究结果表明，牛鞭效应随着信息共享的增加而减弱。这一观察结果与Wu等人(2008)的观察结果一致，他们考虑了确定性的提前期。
{"title":"Impact of Information Sharing on Bullwhip Effect in a Non-Serial Supply Chain with Stochastic Lead Time","authors":"Tamerat Kebede Mekonnen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3947035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3947035","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the impact of information sharing on the bullwhip effect in a supply chain (SC) with one distributor and multiple retailers. We consider three levels of information sharing: No information sharing, demand information sharing, and vendor-managed inventory system. We model retailers’ demands by independent first-order autoregressive processes. We also assume base-stock policies for retailers’ and distributors’ stock replenishment. Following Wu et al. (2008), we derive expressions for the bullwhip effect for each level of information sharing. We considered stochastic lead times for all retailers and the distributor. Our findings suggest that the bullwhip effect decreases with increased information sharing. This observation is in sync with that of Wu et al. (2008), who considered deterministic lead time.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125475598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001687
I. Tadjibaev
In the article, on the basis of observational data the problems of the specific frequency of globular clusters are studied. Possible relationships between them and the absolute stellar magnitude of their host galaxy are considered, where the observational data published in the literature were presented. It should be noted that before us the relationship between the specific frequency and the absolute magnitude is shown as exponential functions. An empirical relationship between the specific frequency and the absolute value of the host galaxy were obtained and showed that the dependence of the specific frequency on the absolute magnitude is not linear, but has a quadratic function. It is also shown that the specific frequency determines the number of globular clusters in a given galaxy relative to our Galaxy. Also in the article, based on the results of studies of the specific frequency, some discussions are presented related to the origin and evolution of globular clusters. The results obtained show that the ratios of the specific frequency to the luminosity of the host galaxy are different. Variations in the specific frequency of elliptical galaxies are associated with variations in the mass-to-luminous flux ratio. This may be due to the fact that the number of globular clusters in spiral galaxies per unit of luminosity of the halo and not of the entire galaxy. Analysis of the observational data shows that the values of the specific frequency of spiral galaxies are 5–6 times less than that of giant elliptical ones. As a result of the results of studies of the specific frequency of the globular clusters, unsolved problems are listed and possible solutions are shown. It is noted that the problem posed will be solved even more accurately if it is considered by the types of galaxies.
{"title":"On the Problem of the Specific Frequency of Globular Clusters","authors":"I. Tadjibaev","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001687","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, on the basis of observational data the problems of the specific frequency of globular clusters are studied. Possible relationships between them and the absolute stellar magnitude of their host galaxy are considered, where the observational data published in the literature were presented. It should be noted that before us the relationship between the specific frequency and the absolute magnitude is shown as exponential functions. An empirical relationship between the specific frequency and the absolute value of the host galaxy were obtained and showed that the dependence of the specific frequency on the absolute magnitude is not linear, but has a quadratic function. It is also shown that the specific frequency determines the number of globular clusters in a given galaxy relative to our Galaxy. Also in the article, based on the results of studies of the specific frequency, some discussions are presented related to the origin and evolution of globular clusters. The results obtained show that the ratios of the specific frequency to the luminosity of the host galaxy are different. Variations in the specific frequency of elliptical galaxies are associated with variations in the mass-to-luminous flux ratio. This may be due to the fact that the number of globular clusters in spiral galaxies per unit of luminosity of the halo and not of the entire galaxy. Analysis of the observational data shows that the values of the specific frequency of spiral galaxies are 5–6 times less than that of giant elliptical ones. As a result of the results of studies of the specific frequency of the globular clusters, unsolved problems are listed and possible solutions are shown. It is noted that the problem posed will be solved even more accurately if it is considered by the types of galaxies.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"39 7-8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120892622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Original polynomial least squares (LS) fits data by constructing coefficients that minimize the sum of squared deviations of deterministic samples from assumed polynomials. Contemporary LS estimates existing polynomial coefficients by filtering out corrupting statistical errors. Kalman Filter (KF) state estimation from noisy data is analogous to polynomial LS estimation. A major problem in both LS and KF target tracking is matching estimator order to target dynamics. 2nd order estimators match constant velocity targets; 3rd order estimators match accelerating targets. Filtered error variances from 3rd order estimators are larger than from 2nd order estimators. 2nd order estimators applied to accelerating targets produce increasing biases as more data are filtered, causing their MSEs (variance plus bias-squared) to rapidly exceed 3rd order variances (MSEs). This becomes troublesome when recurrently maneuvering targets make acceleration jumps. A trade-off between 2nd and 3rd order MSEs is needed. The interacting multiple-model (IMM) addresses this problem adaptively by making adjustments between 2nd and 3rd order KFs with model probabilities as functions of likelihoods from KF residuals and transition probabilities of assumed acceleration jumps. The IMM does not address biases, perform variance/bias-squared trade-offs, or minimize MSEs. In this paper linear interpolation is established between the 2nd and 3rd order polynomial estimators creating the LS multiple-model (LSMM), the 2nd order acceleration bias is defined, and the LSMM MSE is minimized in a variance/bias-squared trade-off. A sequence of optimal LSMMs matched to accelerations covering the spectrum of acceleration between zero and assumed maximum are derived and an adaptive algorithm is designed.
{"title":"A Polynomial Least Squares Multiple-Model Estimator: Simple, Optimal, Adaptive, and Practical","authors":"J. Bell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3331948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3331948","url":null,"abstract":"Original polynomial least squares (LS) fits data by constructing coefficients that minimize the sum of squared deviations of deterministic samples from assumed polynomials. Contemporary LS estimates existing polynomial coefficients by filtering out corrupting statistical errors. Kalman Filter (KF) state estimation from noisy data is analogous to polynomial LS estimation. A major problem in both LS and KF target tracking is matching estimator order to target dynamics. 2nd order estimators match constant velocity targets; 3rd order estimators match accelerating targets. Filtered error variances from 3rd order estimators are larger than from 2nd order estimators. 2nd order estimators applied to accelerating targets produce increasing biases as more data are filtered, causing their MSEs (variance plus bias-squared) to rapidly exceed 3rd order variances (MSEs). This becomes troublesome when recurrently maneuvering targets make acceleration jumps. A trade-off between 2nd and 3rd order MSEs is needed. The interacting multiple-model (IMM) addresses this problem adaptively by making adjustments between 2nd and 3rd order KFs with model probabilities as functions of likelihoods from KF residuals and transition probabilities of assumed acceleration jumps. The IMM does not address biases, perform variance/bias-squared trade-offs, or minimize MSEs. In this paper linear interpolation is established between the 2nd and 3rd order polynomial estimators creating the LS multiple-model (LSMM), the 2nd order acceleration bias is defined, and the LSMM MSE is minimized in a variance/bias-squared trade-off. A sequence of optimal LSMMs matched to accelerations covering the spectrum of acceleration between zero and assumed maximum are derived and an adaptive algorithm is designed.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129598501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashraf H. M. Ghanem, Gamal H. Elsaeed, M. A. Rabbo, M. Abuzeid, E. F. Elzahry
The disturbance in velocity distribution generates hydraulic instability of pumping units, which leads to failure, damage and other operation and maintenance difficulties. The objective of this research is to predict and enhance the hydraulic problems in the sump intake of FARASKOUR drainage pumping station on faraskour drain Damietta governorate. the first and fifth units of the operating, water were not analyzed, study of the hydraulic problems of the suction basin of the new pump station due t o the sharp rotation in the suction guide from the sharp rotation to the quay station and the continuous discontinuation of the first and fifth units due to the lack of regular water entering the unit. And recommends the suitable modifications to eliminate the operations and maintenance costs. A numerical simulation was done to investigate the hydraulic stability of the station. There are Four cases were done. The first case, when all units “five units” operate at the same time, the second case when three units operate “1, 2 and 3”, the third case when other three units “3, 4 and 5” operate, and the last case when three units “1, 3 and 5” operate. The ANSYS R18.1 flow simulation software, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate the flow conditions at different working pumping units and different water levels to predict the hydraulic problem at the suction side. The results indicate that the problem of flow is due to the sharp bending of the suction channel at the entrance of the units to the station, leading to two negative phenomena, the first one not to distribute well to the incoming lines of the units, and the second is the appearance of places of relatively low speeds. The internal bending of the stream just before the entry of units directly to this area affects negatively the work of units (4, 5) and the problem becomes more specific with the formation of depositions. In general, the results indicate that with five pumping units’ scenarios in operation appear Dead zones in the inner curvature of the intake. From simulation results, the geometry of the intake is proper for running four parallel flow pumps with the designed flow rate and reduces the distance from both sides of the canal (make Protection basin).
{"title":"Predicting and Improving Hydraulic Performance of Pumping Suction Intakes By Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)","authors":"Ashraf H. M. Ghanem, Gamal H. Elsaeed, M. A. Rabbo, M. Abuzeid, E. F. Elzahry","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3732019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3732019","url":null,"abstract":"The disturbance in velocity distribution generates hydraulic instability of pumping units, which leads to failure, damage and other operation and maintenance difficulties. The objective of this research is to predict and enhance the hydraulic problems in the sump intake of FARASKOUR drainage pumping station on faraskour drain Damietta governorate. the first and fifth units of the operating, water were not analyzed, study of the hydraulic problems of the suction basin of the new pump station due t o the sharp rotation in the suction guide from the sharp rotation to the quay station and the continuous discontinuation of the first and fifth units due to the lack of regular water entering the unit. And recommends the suitable modifications to eliminate the operations and maintenance costs. \u0000 \u0000A numerical simulation was done to investigate the hydraulic stability of the station. There are Four cases were done. The first case, when all units “five units” operate at the same time, the second case when three units operate “1, 2 and 3”, the third case when other three units “3, 4 and 5” operate, and the last case when three units “1, 3 and 5” operate. The ANSYS R18.1 flow simulation software, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate the flow conditions at different working pumping units and different water levels to predict the hydraulic problem at the suction side. The results indicate that the problem of flow is due to the sharp bending of the suction channel at the entrance of the units to the station, leading to two negative phenomena, the first one not to distribute well to the incoming lines of the units, and the second is the appearance of places of relatively low speeds. The internal bending of the stream just before the entry of units directly to this area affects negatively the work of units (4, 5) and the problem becomes more specific with the formation of depositions. \u0000 \u0000In general, the results indicate that with five pumping units’ scenarios in operation appear Dead zones in the inner curvature of the intake. From simulation results, the geometry of the intake is proper for running four parallel flow pumps with the designed flow rate and reduces the distance from both sides of the canal (make Protection basin).","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130493016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New polymethine cyanine dyes covering heptamethine cyanine dyes (tricarbocyanine dyes) and nonamethine cyanine dyes (tetracarbocyanine dyes) derived from the nucleus benzo[(2,3-b)benzoxazine; (2',3'-b')furo (3,2- d)pyrazole] were designed and prepared using novel synthetic strategy. Electronic transitions for all the synthesized cyanine dyes was determined and evaluated through investigating their electronic visible absorption spectra in 95% ethanol solution. The dyes were thought to be better electronic transitions when they absorb light at higher wavelength bands (bathochromic shifted and/or red shifted dyes). Consequently, the electronic transitions of the dyes decreases when they absorb light at lower wavelength bands (hypsochromic shifted and/or blue shifted dyes). Solvatochromic and/or halochromic evaluation for some selected dyes was carried out and determined through examining their electronic visible absorption spectra in 6 (six) pure solvents having different polarities [water (78.54), dimethylformamide (36.70), ethanol (24.3), chloroform (4.806), carbontetrachloride (2.238) and dioxane (2.209)] and/or in 8 (eight) aqueous universal buffer solutions owing varied pH values (1.99, 2.99, 4.30, 6.87, 7.96, 8.91, 10.55 and 12.04 units), respectively. Structural characterization and determination was carried out via elemental analysis, visible, mass, IR and 1HNMR spectroscopic data.
{"title":"Heptamethine and Nonamethine Cyanine Dyes: Novel Synthetic Strategy, Electronic Transitions, Solvatochromic and Halochromic Evaluation","authors":"H. Shindy, M. El-Maghraby, M. Goma, N. A. Harb","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.3667451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3667451","url":null,"abstract":"New polymethine cyanine dyes covering heptamethine cyanine dyes (tricarbocyanine dyes) and nonamethine cyanine dyes (tetracarbocyanine dyes) derived from the nucleus benzo[(2,3-b)benzoxazine; (2',3'-b')furo (3,2- d)pyrazole] were designed and prepared using novel synthetic strategy. Electronic transitions for all the synthesized cyanine dyes was determined and evaluated through investigating their electronic visible absorption spectra in 95% ethanol solution. The dyes were thought to be better electronic transitions when they absorb light at higher wavelength bands (bathochromic shifted and/or red shifted dyes). Consequently, the electronic transitions of the dyes decreases when they absorb light at lower wavelength bands (hypsochromic shifted and/or blue shifted dyes). Solvatochromic and/or halochromic evaluation for some selected dyes was carried out and determined through examining their electronic visible absorption spectra in 6 (six) pure solvents having different polarities [water (78.54), dimethylformamide (36.70), ethanol (24.3), chloroform (4.806), carbontetrachloride (2.238) and dioxane (2.209)] and/or in 8 (eight) aqueous universal buffer solutions owing varied pH values (1.99, 2.99, 4.30, 6.87, 7.96, 8.91, 10.55 and 12.04 units), respectively. Structural characterization and determination was carried out via elemental analysis, visible, mass, IR and 1HNMR spectroscopic data.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124958591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei-Ying Chen, J. Poplawsky, Yiren Chen, W. Guo, J. Yeh
Abstract To understand the redistribution of alloying elements in high entropy alloys under irradiation, a CoCrFeMnNi alloy was irradiated with 1 MeV Kr ions at room temperature and at 500°C, and characterized with atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy. At 500°C, Co and Ni were enriched around the interstitial, faulted and perfect, dislocation loops resulted from the ion irradiation. In contrast, no segregation was observed at room temperature. The inverse Kirkendall effect through vacancy flux, as opposed to the interstitial binding mechanism, was the primary underlying process attributing to the observed segregation. In addition, a ring-shaped segregation pattern was observed at the faulted dislocation loops, indicating a non-equilibrium nature of the defect clustering and solute segregation process in CoCrFeMnNi under irradiation at high temperature.
{"title":"Irradiation-Induced Segregation at Dislocation Loops in CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy","authors":"Wei-Ying Chen, J. Poplawsky, Yiren Chen, W. Guo, J. Yeh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3683505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683505","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To understand the redistribution of alloying elements in high entropy alloys under irradiation, a CoCrFeMnNi alloy was irradiated with 1 MeV Kr ions at room temperature and at 500°C, and characterized with atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy. At 500°C, Co and Ni were enriched around the interstitial, faulted and perfect, dislocation loops resulted from the ion irradiation. In contrast, no segregation was observed at room temperature. The inverse Kirkendall effect through vacancy flux, as opposed to the interstitial binding mechanism, was the primary underlying process attributing to the observed segregation. In addition, a ring-shaped segregation pattern was observed at the faulted dislocation loops, indicating a non-equilibrium nature of the defect clustering and solute segregation process in CoCrFeMnNi under irradiation at high temperature.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116307671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuliang Zhao, Weiweng Zhang, D. Song, B. Lin, Fanghua Shen, Donghai Zheng, C. Xie, Zhenzhong Sun, Ya-nan Fu, Runxia Li
The plate-like Fe-rich intermetallic phases directly influence the mechanical properties of recycled Al alloys, thus many attempts have been made to modify their morphology. Here, through synchrotron X-ray imaging and electron microscopy, we reveal the underlying nucleation and growth mechanism of Fe-rich phases during the solidification of Al-5Ti-1B inoculated Al-2Fe alloys. The experiment results shown that Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner and applied pressure both reduce the sizes and number of primary Al 3Fe phases, and promote the formation of eutectic Al6Fe phases. The tomography results shown that Al-5Ti-1B change the 3D morphology of primary Fe-rich phases from rod-like to branched plate-like and reduced their thickness and size. This is attributed to the Ti-containing solutes in the melts retard the diffusion of Fe atoms and the TiB2 provide possible nucleation sites for Al6Fe phases. The nucleation mechanism of Fe-rich phases is discussed in terms of experimental observation and E2EM model. It is suggested that the V segregated at the TiB2/Al6Fe interface and lower their mismatch and promote the transformation from Al3Fe to Al6Fe phases.
{"title":"Nucleation and Growth of Fe-Rich Phases in Al-5Ti-1B Modified Al-Fe Alloys Using Synchrotron X-Ray Imaging and Electron Microscopy","authors":"Yuliang Zhao, Weiweng Zhang, D. Song, B. Lin, Fanghua Shen, Donghai Zheng, C. Xie, Zhenzhong Sun, Ya-nan Fu, Runxia Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3675734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3675734","url":null,"abstract":"The plate-like Fe-rich intermetallic phases directly influence the mechanical properties of recycled Al alloys, thus many attempts have been made to modify their morphology. Here, through synchrotron X-ray imaging and electron microscopy, we reveal the underlying nucleation and growth mechanism of Fe-rich phases during the solidification of Al-5Ti-1B inoculated Al-2Fe alloys. The experiment results shown that Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner and applied pressure both reduce the sizes and number of primary Al 3Fe phases, and promote the formation of eutectic Al6Fe phases. The tomography results shown that Al-5Ti-1B change the 3D morphology of primary Fe-rich phases from rod-like to branched plate-like and reduced their thickness and size. This is attributed to the Ti-containing solutes in the melts retard the diffusion of Fe atoms and the TiB2 provide possible nucleation sites for Al6Fe phases. The nucleation mechanism of Fe-rich phases is discussed in terms of experimental observation and E2EM model. It is suggested that the V segregated at the TiB2/Al6Fe interface and lower their mismatch and promote the transformation from Al3Fe to Al6Fe phases.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125710418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Jin, A. Boulle, A. Chartier, J. Crocombette, A. Debelle
Ion beams delivered by particle accelerators are routinely used to emulate harsh, radiative environments and they also constitute the foundations of the modern microelectronics industry. To characterize irradiated materials, numerous experimental and computational techniques can be implemented, but it is extremely diffcult to effectively intertwine them, and to compare the associated data. In the present work, we present an integrated, experimental and computational approach that uses a same set of molecular dynamics simulations to generate signals of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channelling condition andX-ray diffraction, with UO2 as a test-case material. From these signals, parameters to monitor the damage level are computed, compared and confronted with experimental data. The good agreement that comes out demonstrates the validity of the approach, hence providing a new tool for the fine study of irradiation effects in materials.
{"title":"An Integrated Experimental and Computational Approach for the Investigation of Irradiation Effects in Materials","authors":"X. Jin, A. Boulle, A. Chartier, J. Crocombette, A. Debelle","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3674666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3674666","url":null,"abstract":"Ion beams delivered by particle accelerators are routinely used to emulate harsh, radiative environments and they also constitute the foundations of the modern microelectronics industry. To characterize irradiated materials, numerous experimental and computational techniques can be implemented, but it is extremely diffcult to effectively intertwine them, and to compare the associated data. In the present work, we present an integrated, experimental and computational approach that uses a same set of molecular dynamics simulations to generate signals of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channelling condition andX-ray diffraction, with UO2 as a test-case material. From these signals, parameters to monitor the damage level are computed, compared and confronted with experimental data. The good agreement that comes out demonstrates the validity of the approach, hence providing a new tool for the fine study of irradiation effects in materials.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134286550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mihai Lomora, A. Larrañaga, C. R. Emmenegger, B. Rodriguez, I. A. Dinu, J. Sarasua, A. Pandit
The establishment of controlled nano- and mesoscopic energized entities that gather, in a concerted effort, into motile aggregated patterns is at the forefront of scientific discovery. However, translating energy into swarming motion for such miniature-based entities remains a challenge. This requires simultaneously breaking the symmetry of the system to enable locomotion and a coupling effect between the objects that are part of the population to induce the collective motion. Herein, we introduce Robocoliths as a new concept of light-driven Emiliania huxleyi (EHUX) coccolith-based miniature entities capable of swarming behavior. EHUX coccoliths are characterized by an asymmetric morphology, which is a crucial advantage in the design of nano- and mesoscopic objects with locomotory abilities. Their activation with the bioinspired material polydopamine not only endowed the asymmetric coccoliths with advanced functionalities such as thermal and energy harvesting responsiveness under visible light exposure; it also provided a functional surface from which antifouling polymer brushes were grown. The energy harvesting responsive Robocoliths can induce an increase of temperature in the surrounding environment while displaying a collective behavior (i.e., swarming) via a controlled ON-OFF light switching mechanism. In this context, Robocoliths could pave the way for a new generation of multifunctional swarming bio-micromachines with a potential impact in various fields of applications, starting from the analytical and environmental sectors and extending to the therapeutically relevant domains.
{"title":"Robocoliths : An Engineered Coccolith-Based Hybrid that Transforms Light into Swarming Motion","authors":"Mihai Lomora, A. Larrañaga, C. R. Emmenegger, B. Rodriguez, I. A. Dinu, J. Sarasua, A. Pandit","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3673609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3673609","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of controlled nano- and mesoscopic energized entities that gather, in a concerted effort, into motile aggregated patterns is at the forefront of scientific discovery. However, translating energy into swarming motion for such miniature-based entities remains a challenge. This requires simultaneously breaking the symmetry of the system to enable locomotion and a coupling effect between the objects that are part of the population to induce the collective motion. Herein, we introduce Robocoliths as a new concept of light-driven Emiliania huxleyi (EHUX) coccolith-based miniature entities capable of swarming behavior. EHUX coccoliths are characterized by an asymmetric morphology, which is a crucial advantage in the design of nano- and mesoscopic objects with locomotory abilities. Their activation with the bioinspired material polydopamine not only endowed the asymmetric coccoliths with advanced functionalities such as thermal and energy harvesting responsiveness under visible light exposure; it also provided a functional surface from which antifouling polymer brushes were grown. The energy harvesting responsive Robocoliths can induce an increase of temperature in the surrounding environment while displaying a collective behavior (i.e., swarming) via a controlled ON-OFF light switching mechanism. In this context, Robocoliths could pave the way for a new generation of multifunctional swarming bio-micromachines with a potential impact in various fields of applications, starting from the analytical and environmental sectors and extending to the therapeutically relevant domains.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131145707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geoff Tomaino, Hisham Abdulhalim, Pavel Kireyev, K. Wertenbroch
Algorithmic or automated decision-making has become commonplace, with firms implementing either rule-based or statistical models to determine whether or not to provide services to customers based on their past behaviors. Policy-makers are pressed to determine if and how to require firms to explain the decisions made by their algorithms, especially in cases where the algorithms are “unexplainable,” or are equivalently subject to legal or commercial confidentiality restrictions or too complex for humans to understand. We study consumer responses to goal-oriented, or “teleological,” explanations, which present the purpose or objective of the algorithm without revealing its mechanism, making them candidates for explaining decisions made by “unexplainable” algorithms. In a field experiment with a technology firm and several online lab experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of teleological explanations and identify conditions when teleological and mechanistic explanations can be equally satisfying. Participants perceive teleological explanations as fair, even though algorithms with a fair goal may employ an unfair mechanism. Our results show that firms may benefit by offering teleological explanations for unexplainable algorithm behavior. Regulators can mitigate possible risks by educating consumers about the potential disconnect between an algorithm’s goal and its mechanism.
{"title":"Denied by an (Unexplainable) Algorithm: Teleological Explanations for Algorithmic Decisions Enhance Customer Satisfaction","authors":"Geoff Tomaino, Hisham Abdulhalim, Pavel Kireyev, K. Wertenbroch","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3683754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683754","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithmic or automated decision-making has become commonplace, with firms implementing either rule-based or statistical models to determine whether or not to provide services to customers based on their past behaviors. Policy-makers are pressed to determine if and how to require firms to explain the decisions made by their algorithms, especially in cases where the algorithms are “unexplainable,” or are equivalently subject to legal or commercial confidentiality restrictions or too complex for humans to understand. We study consumer responses to goal-oriented, or “teleological,” explanations, which present the purpose or objective of the algorithm without revealing its mechanism, making them candidates for explaining decisions made by “unexplainable” algorithms. In a field experiment with a technology firm and several online lab experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of teleological explanations and identify conditions when teleological and mechanistic explanations can be equally satisfying. Participants perceive teleological explanations as fair, even though algorithms with a fair goal may employ an unfair mechanism. Our results show that firms may benefit by offering teleological explanations for unexplainable algorithm behavior. Regulators can mitigate possible risks by educating consumers about the potential disconnect between an algorithm’s goal and its mechanism.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123176552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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