Henan Zhao, Haolin Chen, Zhouyi Guo, Wen Zhang, Haihong Yu, Z. Zhuang, H. Zhong, Zhiming Liu
Abstract Photo-immunotherapy taking advantages of the immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by photothermal therapy (PTT) to facilitate the systemic anti-tumor immunity has been exploited as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. However, this kind of in situ tumor vaccine is of less efficacy due to the anisotropic immunogenicity profiles of dying cells after PTT. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to activate the necroptosis, a programmed cell death with intense immunogenicity, in photothermal ablated cells by easily modulating the PTT parameters, which enables the optimal ICD for anti-tumor immunity. As an emerging 2D nanomaterial, black phosphorus (BP) serves as the near-infrared (NIR)-responsive nanoagent to trigger PTT. Necroptosis in ablated tumor cells is confirmed by the high expression of key proteins in necroptotic pathway. The necroptotic cells also exhibit considerable immunogenicity by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns to potentiate the immune responses. Further an immunologic adjuvant is grafted onto the BP nanosheets and the high-performance cancer photo-immunotherapy is achieved. This easy-to-access photo-immunotherapeutic strategy by in situ photothermal activation of necroptosis supplies new insights in the treatment of cancer.
{"title":"In Situ Photothermal Activation of Necroptosis Potentiates Black Phosphorus-Mediated Cancer Photo-Immunotherapy","authors":"Henan Zhao, Haolin Chen, Zhouyi Guo, Wen Zhang, Haihong Yu, Z. Zhuang, H. Zhong, Zhiming Liu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3458147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3458147","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Photo-immunotherapy taking advantages of the immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by photothermal therapy (PTT) to facilitate the systemic anti-tumor immunity has been exploited as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. However, this kind of in situ tumor vaccine is of less efficacy due to the anisotropic immunogenicity profiles of dying cells after PTT. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to activate the necroptosis, a programmed cell death with intense immunogenicity, in photothermal ablated cells by easily modulating the PTT parameters, which enables the optimal ICD for anti-tumor immunity. As an emerging 2D nanomaterial, black phosphorus (BP) serves as the near-infrared (NIR)-responsive nanoagent to trigger PTT. Necroptosis in ablated tumor cells is confirmed by the high expression of key proteins in necroptotic pathway. The necroptotic cells also exhibit considerable immunogenicity by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns to potentiate the immune responses. Further an immunologic adjuvant is grafted onto the BP nanosheets and the high-performance cancer photo-immunotherapy is achieved. This easy-to-access photo-immunotherapeutic strategy by in situ photothermal activation of necroptosis supplies new insights in the treatment of cancer.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123251541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The hot deformation and subsequent annealing of two C-Mn steels have been investigated using a Gleeble 3500 simulator. The flow stress during deformation and subsequent relaxation stress were recorded. The grain size evolution was simultaneously evaluated by the in-situ laser-ultrasonic (LUS) measurements. The LUS data allowed clear identification of the dominant annealing phenomena. Excellent correlation was obtained between stress relaxation and laser-ultrasonic data, which provided additional confidence in the identification of the processes taking place. The solute drag effect of niobium led to the delayed onset and completion of recrystallization. Lower temperature generally slowed down the kinetics. Robust models combining deformation, recovery, recrystallization and grain growth have been developed and validated against the experimental data. The onset of recrystallization can be predicted precisely, as well as the time for recrystallization completion. As can be seen, the models are in good agreements with both the mechanical (stress evolution) and grain-size (laser-ultrasonic) data.
{"title":"Use of In-Situ Laser-Ultrasonics Measurements to Develop Robust Models Combining Deformation, Recovery, Recrystallization and Grain Growth","authors":"S. Liang, D. Lévesque, N. Legrand, H. Zurob","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3539245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3539245","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The hot deformation and subsequent annealing of two C-Mn steels have been investigated using a Gleeble 3500 simulator. The flow stress during deformation and subsequent relaxation stress were recorded. The grain size evolution was simultaneously evaluated by the in-situ laser-ultrasonic (LUS) measurements. The LUS data allowed clear identification of the dominant annealing phenomena. Excellent correlation was obtained between stress relaxation and laser-ultrasonic data, which provided additional confidence in the identification of the processes taking place. The solute drag effect of niobium led to the delayed onset and completion of recrystallization. Lower temperature generally slowed down the kinetics. Robust models combining deformation, recovery, recrystallization and grain growth have been developed and validated against the experimental data. The onset of recrystallization can be predicted precisely, as well as the time for recrystallization completion. As can be seen, the models are in good agreements with both the mechanical (stress evolution) and grain-size (laser-ultrasonic) data.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"29 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125690076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The financial technology revolution is a reality, as the financial world is gradually transforming into a digital domain of high-volume information and high-speed data transformation and processing. The more this transformation takes place, the more consumer and investor behaviour shifts towards a pro-technology attitude of financial services offered by market participants, financial institutions and financial technology companies. This new norm is confirming that information technology is driving innovation for financial technology. In this framework, the value of big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques becomes apparent. The aim of this chapter is multi-fold. Firstly, a multidimensional descriptive analysis is shown to familiarise the reader with the extent of penetration of the above in the financial technology road-map. A short non-technical overview of the methods is then presented. Next, the impact of data analytics and relevant techniques on the evolution of financial technology is explained and discussed along with their applications’ landscape. The chapter also presents a glimpse of the shifting paradigm these techniques bring forward for several fintech related professions, while artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are tied with the future challenges of AI ethics, regulation technology and the smart data utilisation.
{"title":"Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Transformative Symbiosis in Favour of Financial Technology","authors":"C. Stasinakis, G. Sermpinis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3663062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3663062","url":null,"abstract":"The financial technology revolution is a reality, as the financial world is gradually transforming into a digital domain of high-volume information and high-speed data transformation and processing. The more this transformation takes place, the more consumer and investor behaviour shifts towards a pro-technology attitude of financial services offered by market participants, financial institutions and financial technology companies. This new norm is confirming that information technology is driving innovation for financial technology. In this framework, the value of big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques becomes apparent. The aim of this chapter is multi-fold. Firstly, a multidimensional descriptive analysis is shown to familiarise the reader with the extent of penetration of the above in the financial technology road-map. A short non-technical overview of the methods is then presented. Next, the impact of data analytics and relevant techniques on the evolution of financial technology is explained and discussed along with their applications’ landscape. The chapter also presents a glimpse of the shifting paradigm these techniques bring forward for several fintech related professions, while artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are tied with the future challenges of AI ethics, regulation technology and the smart data utilisation.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125266869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is imperative to improve the speech recognition system as human-machine interfaces are advancing in the growing global market of technologies. There are quite a number of Nigerian English speakers’ accents to which the speech recognition systems are not sufficiently exposed. Accents may suggest a lot of information about someone’s whereabouts, for example, their native language, place of origin, or ethnic groups and accent classification. Given the importance of accents, efficiency and accuracy of speech recognition systems can be improved with training data of diverse accents. This research provides support for accent-dependent automatic speech recognition by deploying a supervised learning algorithm to the task of recognizing three Nigerian ethnic groups (Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa) and distinguish them based on their accents by constructing sequential Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features from the frames of the audio sample. Our results show that concatenating the MFCC features sequentially and applying a supervised learning technique to provide a solution to the problem of identifying and classifying accents works efficiently and accurately.
{"title":"Accent Identification of Ethnically Diverse Nigerian English Speakers","authors":"Francisca O. Oladipo, Rahmon A Habeeb, A. Musa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3666815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3666815","url":null,"abstract":"It is imperative to improve the speech recognition system as human-machine interfaces are advancing in the growing global market of technologies. There are quite a number of Nigerian English speakers’ accents to which the speech recognition systems are not sufficiently exposed. Accents may suggest a lot of information about someone’s whereabouts, for example, their native language, place of origin, or ethnic groups and accent classification. Given the importance of accents, efficiency and accuracy of speech recognition systems can be improved with training data of diverse accents. This research provides support for accent-dependent automatic speech recognition by deploying a supervised learning algorithm to the task of recognizing three Nigerian ethnic groups (Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa) and distinguish them based on their accents by constructing sequential Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features from the frames of the audio sample. Our results show that concatenating the MFCC features sequentially and applying a supervised learning technique to provide a solution to the problem of identifying and classifying accents works efficiently and accurately.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114073533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dasol Kim, Taek Sun Jung, Hanjin Park, W. Yang, J. Han, Soobin Hwang, K. Sim, Young-Kyun Kwon, J. Kim, M. Cho
Reversible crystallization from the amorphous phase is one of the most promising bases on which to store data for universal electronic memory. However, crystallization mechanism at atomic scale and role of element in Ag-In-Sb-Te are still unsolved, whose memory properties are outstanding. To elucidate them, we studied the bonding topologies through spectroscopic techniques and density functional simulations. It is shown by in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that element In dramatically changes its bonding topology on crystallization from Sb-bonds to Te-bonds, which are characterized as that of InSb and AgInTe2, respectively by density functional simulations. Further, the degree of atomic ordering is identified to highly dependent on local environment of In by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The overall results suggest that crystallization of Ag-In-Sb-Te is triggered by the local environment transition of In from InSb-like to AgInTe2-like site. Thereby, Ag provides structural flexibility for local environment transition of In, In disrupts crystallization, and Te assists the other elements to play their respective roles. The present work accounts for unsolved memory properties of Ag-In-Sb-Te and opens the gate to develop enhanced materials for the memory.
{"title":"Phase-Change Mechanism and Role of Each Element in Ag-In-Sb-Te: Chemical Bond Modulation","authors":"Dasol Kim, Taek Sun Jung, Hanjin Park, W. Yang, J. Han, Soobin Hwang, K. Sim, Young-Kyun Kwon, J. Kim, M. Cho","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3649217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3649217","url":null,"abstract":"Reversible crystallization from the amorphous phase is one of the most promising bases on which to store data for universal electronic memory. However, crystallization mechanism at atomic scale and role of element in Ag-In-Sb-Te are still unsolved, whose memory properties are outstanding. To elucidate them, we studied the bonding topologies through spectroscopic techniques and density functional simulations. It is shown by in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that element In dramatically changes its bonding topology on crystallization from Sb-bonds to Te-bonds, which are characterized as that of InSb and AgInTe2, respectively by density functional simulations. Further, the degree of atomic ordering is identified to highly dependent on local environment of In by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The overall results suggest that crystallization of Ag-In-Sb-Te is triggered by the local environment transition of In from InSb-like to AgInTe2-like site. Thereby, Ag provides structural flexibility for local environment transition of In, In disrupts crystallization, and Te assists the other elements to play their respective roles. The present work accounts for unsolved memory properties of Ag-In-Sb-Te and opens the gate to develop enhanced materials for the memory.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116645665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sujing Wang, Liyu Chen, M. Wahiduzzaman, A. Tissot, Lin Zhou, Ilich A. Ibarra, A. Gutiérrez-Alejandre, J. Lee, Jong‐San Chang, Zheng Liu, J. Marrot, W. Shepard, G. Maurin, Qian Xu, C. Serre
Mesoporous materials suffer from limitations including poor crystallinity and hydrolytic stability, lack of chemical diversity, insufficient pore accessibility, complex synthesis and toxicity issues. Here the association of non-toxic Zr-oxo clusters and feedstock isophthalic acid (IPA) via a Homometallic-Multicluster-Dot strategy results in a robust crystalline mesoporous MOF, denoted as MIP-206, that overcomes the aforementioned limitations. MIP-206, built up from an unprecedented combination of Zr6 and Zr12 oxo-cluster inorganic building units into a single structure, exhibits accessible meso-channels of ca. 2.6 nm and displays excellent chemical stability under different hydrolytic and harsh conditions. Owing to the abundant variety of functionalized IPA linkers, the chemical environment of MIP-206 can be easily tuned without hampering pore accessibility due to its large pore windows. As a result, MIP-206 loaded with palladium nanoparticles acts as an efficient and durable catalyst for the dehydrogenation of formic acid under mild conditions, outperforming benchmark mesoporous materials. This paves the way towards the utilization of MIP-206 as a robust mesoporous platform for a wide range of potential applications.
{"title":"A Mesoporous Zirconium-Isophthalate Multifunctional Platform","authors":"Sujing Wang, Liyu Chen, M. Wahiduzzaman, A. Tissot, Lin Zhou, Ilich A. Ibarra, A. Gutiérrez-Alejandre, J. Lee, Jong‐San Chang, Zheng Liu, J. Marrot, W. Shepard, G. Maurin, Qian Xu, C. Serre","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3659552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3659552","url":null,"abstract":"Mesoporous materials suffer from\u0000limitations including poor crystallinity and hydrolytic stability, lack of\u0000chemical diversity, insufficient pore accessibility, complex synthesis and\u0000toxicity issues. Here the association of non-toxic Zr-oxo clusters and\u0000feedstock isophthalic acid (IPA) via a Homometallic-Multicluster-Dot strategy results\u0000in a robust crystalline mesoporous MOF, denoted as MIP-206, that overcomes the\u0000aforementioned limitations. MIP-206, built up from an unprecedented combination\u0000of Zr6 and Zr12 oxo-cluster inorganic building units into\u0000a single structure, exhibits accessible meso-channels of ca. 2.6 nm and displays\u0000excellent chemical stability under different hydrolytic and harsh conditions. Owing\u0000to the abundant variety of functionalized IPA linkers, the chemical environment\u0000of MIP-206 can be easily tuned without hampering pore accessibility due to its\u0000large pore windows. As a result, MIP-206 loaded with palladium nanoparticles acts\u0000as an efficient and durable catalyst for the dehydrogenation of formic acid\u0000under mild conditions, outperforming benchmark mesoporous materials. This paves\u0000the way towards the utilization of MIP-206 as a robust mesoporous platform for\u0000a wide range of potential applications.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128414575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ping Yuan, Guiling Fan, Linping Zhao, Lingshan Liu, Fuan Deng, Xue-yan Jiang, Ai-Hua Hu, Xiyong Yu, Hong Cheng, Shiying Li
Development of antitumor agents with high efficiency and low toxicity is one of the most important goals for biomedical research. However, most traditional therapeutic strategies were limited due to their non-specificity and abnormal tumor microenvironments, causing a poor therapeutic efficiency and severe side effects. In this paper, a tumor targeted self-synergistic nanoplatform (designated as PAO@PCN@HA) was developed for chemotherapy sensitized photodynamic therapy (PDT) against hypoxic tumors. The efficient drug loading of phenylarsine oxide (PAO) in porphyrinic metal organic framework of PCN-224 as well as the surface modification of hyaluronic acid (HA) improved the targeted drug delivery and reduced the side effects of PAO at the therapeutic dose. Particularly, PAO as an arsenical-based chemotherapeutic agent could not only induce cell apoptosis by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also regulate tumor microenvironments to improve the PDT effect of PCN-224 by mitigating hypoxia and consuming cellular GSH. Both in vitro and in vivo investigations confirmed an effective self-synergy of PAO@PCN@HA in hypoxic tumor therapy with a low systemic toxicity. This integration of microenvironment adjustment with tumor targeted self-synergistic mechanism might provide a new insight for the development of arsenic-based antitumor strategy for clinical applications.
{"title":"Tumor Targeted Self-Synergistic Nanoplatforms for Arsenic-Sensitized Photodynamic Therapy","authors":"Ping Yuan, Guiling Fan, Linping Zhao, Lingshan Liu, Fuan Deng, Xue-yan Jiang, Ai-Hua Hu, Xiyong Yu, Hong Cheng, Shiying Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3640063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3640063","url":null,"abstract":"Development of antitumor agents with high efficiency and low toxicity is one of the most important goals for biomedical research. However, most traditional therapeutic strategies were limited due to their non-specificity and abnormal tumor microenvironments, causing a poor therapeutic efficiency and severe side effects. In this paper, a tumor targeted self-synergistic nanoplatform (designated as PAO@PCN@HA) was developed for chemotherapy sensitized photodynamic therapy (PDT) against hypoxic tumors. The efficient drug loading of phenylarsine oxide (PAO) in porphyrinic metal organic framework of PCN-224 as well as the surface modification of hyaluronic acid (HA) improved the targeted drug delivery and reduced the side effects of PAO at the therapeutic dose. Particularly, PAO as an arsenical-based chemotherapeutic agent could not only induce cell apoptosis by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also regulate tumor microenvironments to improve the PDT effect of PCN-224 by mitigating hypoxia and consuming cellular GSH. Both in vitro and in vivo investigations confirmed an effective self-synergy of PAO@PCN@HA in hypoxic tumor therapy with a low systemic toxicity. This integration of microenvironment adjustment with tumor targeted self-synergistic mechanism might provide a new insight for the development of arsenic-based antitumor strategy for clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133803329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the growth of collecting, processing, and transferring personal information to third parties, consumers’ data is increasingly exposed to a myriad of risks. Perhaps chief among these are the data protection practices of data collectors themselves. Yet despite the risk to consumers, U.S. data protection law has remained fragmented, focused on individual industries at the federal law and only made comprehensive, occasionally, at the state level. This lack of a comprehensive data protection law in the United States is a significant detriment to the security of U.S. consumers. International law also offers no such path that could comprehensively protect U.S. consumers.
Yet U.S. consumers’ personal information is receiving additional protections from an unlikely source: foreign data protection laws. There is a growing global trend to adopt comprehensive data protection laws, with the European Union, Brazil, Japan, and others adopting such legislation in the past few years. This article examines nine of these laws from five different continents, looking at the global trends and disparities shown by this sample. The influence of these nine laws and other legislation creates distinct soft law benefits for U.S. consumers. They do this chiefly through economic pressures for U.S. data collectors to adopt a one-size-fits all approach, social pressures from increased privacy awareness by consumers, political pressures for the U.S. to adopt equivalent national legislation, and practical benefits from having a variety of different foreign models to observe and select. While reliance on foreign data protection laws is not a substitute for the United States adopting its own comprehensive federal data protection law, these penumbras that spill over from foreign data protection laws offer largely unexamined, but significant benefits for U.S. consumers.
{"title":"A Rising Tide Lifts All Consumers: Penumbras of Foreign Data Protection Laws in the United States","authors":"MichaelD.E. Goodyear","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3645085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3645085","url":null,"abstract":"With the growth of collecting, processing, and transferring personal information to third parties, consumers’ data is increasingly exposed to a myriad of risks. Perhaps chief among these are the data protection practices of data collectors themselves. Yet despite the risk to consumers, U.S. data protection law has remained fragmented, focused on individual industries at the federal law and only made comprehensive, occasionally, at the state level. This lack of a comprehensive data protection law in the United States is a significant detriment to the security of U.S. consumers. International law also offers no such path that could comprehensively protect U.S. consumers. <br><br>Yet U.S. consumers’ personal information is receiving additional protections from an unlikely source: foreign data protection laws. There is a growing global trend to adopt comprehensive data protection laws, with the European Union, Brazil, Japan, and others adopting such legislation in the past few years. This article examines nine of these laws from five different continents, looking at the global trends and disparities shown by this sample. The influence of these nine laws and other legislation creates distinct soft law benefits for U.S. consumers. They do this chiefly through economic pressures for U.S. data collectors to adopt a one-size-fits all approach, social pressures from increased privacy awareness by consumers, political pressures for the U.S. to adopt equivalent national legislation, and practical benefits from having a variety of different foreign models to observe and select. While reliance on foreign data protection laws is not a substitute for the United States adopting its own comprehensive federal data protection law, these penumbras that spill over from foreign data protection laws offer largely unexamined, but significant benefits for U.S. consumers.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132733024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanlu Chen, Xiaoliang Li, Dongdong Zhang, Chunhui Wang, R. Feng, Xuzhao Li, Yao Wen, Hao Xu, Xinyi Shirley Zhang, Xiao Yang, Yongyi Chen, Yi Feng, Bo O. Zhou, Bi-Chang Chen, Kai Lei, Shang Cai, Jie-Min Jia, Liang Gao
We present a tiling light sheet microscope compatible with all tissue clearing methods for rapid multicolor 3D imaging of centimeter-scale cleared tissues with micron-scale (4×4×10 µm3) to nanometer-scale (70×70×200 nm3 spatial resolution. The microscope uses tiling light sheets to achieve a more advanced multicolor 3D imaging ability than conventional light sheet microscopes. The illumination light is phase modulated to adjust the 3D imaging ability of the microscope based on the tissue size and the desired spatial resolution and imaging speed, and also to keep the microscope aligned. The ability of the microscope to align via phase modulation alone also makes the microscope reliable and easy to operate. Here we describe the working principle and design of the microscope. We demonstrate its imaging ability by imaging various cleared tissues prepared by different tissue clearing and tissue expansion techniques.
{"title":"A Versatile Tiling Light Sheet Microscope for Cleared Tissues Imaging","authors":"Yanlu Chen, Xiaoliang Li, Dongdong Zhang, Chunhui Wang, R. Feng, Xuzhao Li, Yao Wen, Hao Xu, Xinyi Shirley Zhang, Xiao Yang, Yongyi Chen, Yi Feng, Bo O. Zhou, Bi-Chang Chen, Kai Lei, Shang Cai, Jie-Min Jia, Liang Gao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3625819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3625819","url":null,"abstract":"We present a tiling light sheet microscope compatible with all tissue clearing methods for rapid multicolor 3D imaging of centimeter-scale cleared tissues with micron-scale (4×4×10 µm3) to nanometer-scale (70×70×200 nm3 spatial resolution. The microscope uses tiling light sheets to achieve a more advanced multicolor 3D imaging ability than conventional light sheet microscopes. The illumination light is phase modulated to adjust the 3D imaging ability of the microscope based on the tissue size and the desired spatial resolution and imaging speed, and also to keep the microscope aligned. The ability of the microscope to align via phase modulation alone also makes the microscope reliable and easy to operate. Here we describe the working principle and design of the microscope. We demonstrate its imaging ability by imaging various cleared tissues prepared by different tissue clearing and tissue expansion techniques.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116021221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Building management systems (BMS) in smart buildings are supposed to support the optimization of energy and resources consumption, while ensuring basic users’ comfort. A common and effective optimizing strategy is to detect, with high accuracy, room occupancies, events, and activities that occur within a building, to accordingly control the energy usage. Several approaches have been implemented to achieve this goal, combining many technologies (e.g., sensor networks, machine learning techniques) as well as new data sources (e.g., sensed data, social networks) allowing to better detect occupant activities. In this context, the purpose of this study is twofold:
(i) identify existing solutions related to capturing occupant activities and events to better manage energy usage and provide occupants’ comfort, and
(ii) pin down the lessons to learn from existing approaches and technologies in order to design better solutions in this regard.
We do not pretend to give an exhaustive revision, but throughout this review, we aim at showing that several data can significantly enrich the typology and content of information managed to detect occupant activities and highlight new possibilities in terms of activities diagnosis and analysis to generate more opportunities in optimizing the energy consumption and providing comfort in smart building.
{"title":"Occupant Activity Detection in Smart Buildings: A Review","authors":"Yudith Cardinale, Eduardo Blanco","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3671533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3671533","url":null,"abstract":"Building management systems (BMS) in smart buildings are supposed to support the optimization of energy and resources consumption, while ensuring basic users’ comfort. A common and effective optimizing strategy is to detect, with high accuracy, room occupancies, events, and activities that occur within a building, to accordingly control the energy usage. Several approaches have been implemented to achieve this goal, combining many technologies (e.g., sensor networks, machine learning techniques) as well as new data sources (e.g., sensed data, social networks) allowing to better detect occupant activities. In this context, the purpose of this study is twofold: <br><br>(i) identify existing solutions related to capturing occupant activities and events to better manage energy usage and provide occupants’ comfort, and<br><br>(ii) pin down the lessons to learn from existing approaches and technologies in order to design better solutions in this regard. <br><br>We do not pretend to give an exhaustive revision, but throughout this review, we aim at showing that several data can significantly enrich the typology and content of information managed to detect occupant activities and highlight new possibilities in terms of activities diagnosis and analysis to generate more opportunities in optimizing the energy consumption and providing comfort in smart building.","PeriodicalId":102139,"journal":{"name":"Other Topics Engineering Research eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130428443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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