Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2019-1-256-265
N. Afanasov
Book Review: Fredric Jameson, Postmodernizm ili kulturnaya logika pozdnego kapitalizma[Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism] (Moscow: Gaidar Institute Publishing House, 2019).
书评：Fredric Jameson, Postmodernizm ili kulturnaya logika pozdnego kapitalizma[《后现代主义，或晚期资本主义的文化逻辑》]（莫斯科：盖达尔研究所出版社，2019年）。
{"title":"In Search of Lost Modernity","authors":"N. Afanasov","doi":"10.17323/1728-192x-2019-1-256-265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2019-1-256-265","url":null,"abstract":"Book Review: Fredric Jameson, Postmodernizm ili kulturnaya logika pozdnego kapitalizma[Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism] (Moscow: Gaidar Institute Publishing House, 2019).","PeriodicalId":102221,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128491685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-36-55
Irina Koryukhina, V. Kuklina
In the article, we examine the phenomenon of short-term apartment rentals for tourists by the residents of the city of Baikalsk. The residents live in their apartments for the most part of their lives, but leave at the moment of the apartment’s rental. We base our analysis on the field studies (interviews and observations) conducted in Baikalsk in 2006–2016, as well as statistical data and Internet sources. In order to grasp the complexity of the studied phenomenon, the concept of heterotopia was chosen. This allowed us to overcome the “public/private” dichotomy in identifying the following features of the phenomenon of short-term rental: (1) the informal character of home rental; (2) the ability to associate in one place private and public spaces, traditionally perceived as incompatible; (3) network relations between tenants and hosts; (4) the emerging heterochrony as a result of apartment owners changing their habits and rituals when leaving their private space, while the tenants associate the rented space with recreation and entertainment. The home rental practice might be considered as an art of solving some practical problems. Such skills are especially relevant in case of societies undergoing transition from one state to another. In the globalizing world, almost all communities can be characterized as such to some degree.
{"title":"On Heterotopia of a Commodified Dwelling Space (Case of Baikalsk)","authors":"Irina Koryukhina, V. Kuklina","doi":"10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-36-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-36-55","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, we examine the phenomenon of short-term apartment rentals for tourists by the residents of the city of Baikalsk. The residents live in their apartments for the most part of their lives, but leave at the moment of the apartment’s rental. We base our analysis on the field studies (interviews and observations) conducted in Baikalsk in 2006–2016, as well as statistical data and Internet sources. In order to grasp the complexity of the studied phenomenon, the concept of heterotopia was chosen. This allowed us to overcome the “public/private” dichotomy in identifying the following features of the phenomenon of short-term rental: (1) the informal character of home rental; (2) the ability to associate in one place private and public spaces, traditionally perceived as incompatible; (3) network relations between tenants and hosts; (4) the emerging heterochrony as a result of apartment owners changing their habits and rituals when leaving their private space, while the tenants associate the rented space with recreation and entertainment. The home rental practice might be considered as an art of solving some practical problems. Such skills are especially relevant in case of societies undergoing transition from one state to another. In the globalizing world, almost all communities can be characterized as such to some degree.","PeriodicalId":102221,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127884143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-56-106
Andrey Korotayev, Daniil M. Romanov, I. Medvedev
The article analyzes the impact of the Arab Spring on destabilization processes in Eastern Europe. The authors show how the success of the Arab revolutions influenced the rise of protest activity in Eastern Europe in 2011. The similarities of the protests in Eastern Europe with the protests of the Arab Spring period are demonstrated. We also analyze ways of borrowing patterns of destabilization. The wave of protest activity after 2011 is compared with the previous wave of protest activity initiated by the global financial-economic crises of 2008–2009. In addition to the external factor of the Arab Spring, the article examines the internal factors of the protest activity of the second wave of the economic crisis associated with the economic crises in Portugal, Italy, Spain, and Greece. The authors define the most typical forms of destabilization for Eastern Europe: anti-government demonstrations, riots, terrorist actions, and guerrilla warfare. The contribution of the Ukrainian Revolution in 2014 to the dynamics of the most violent forms of protest in Eastern Europe is also analyzed. In explaining the special case of Ukraine which breaks with the general trend of Eastern Europe, the authors show that Ukraine experienced a transition from less-violent forms of destabilization (anti-government demonstrations and riots) to more violent ones (guerrilla warfare and terrorist attacks) in 2013–2014. The reasons for the growth of terrorist activity and guerrilla warfare as well as the role of the war in Donbass are discussed. It is shown that though the case of Ukraine is unique for Eastern Europe in the period under study, it has many parallels on a global scale.
{"title":"Echo of the Arab Spring in Eastern Europe: A Quantitative Analysis","authors":"Andrey Korotayev, Daniil M. Romanov, I. Medvedev","doi":"10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-56-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-56-106","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the impact of the Arab Spring on destabilization processes in Eastern Europe. The authors show how the success of the Arab revolutions influenced the rise of protest activity in Eastern Europe in 2011. The similarities of the protests in Eastern Europe with the protests of the Arab Spring period are demonstrated. We also analyze ways of borrowing patterns of destabilization. The wave of protest activity after 2011 is compared with the previous wave of protest activity initiated by the global financial-economic crises of 2008–2009. In addition to the external factor of the Arab Spring, the article examines the internal factors of the protest activity of the second wave of the economic crisis associated with the economic crises in Portugal, Italy, Spain, and Greece. The authors define the most typical forms of destabilization for Eastern Europe: anti-government demonstrations, riots, terrorist actions, and guerrilla warfare. The contribution of the Ukrainian Revolution in 2014 to the dynamics of the most violent forms of protest in Eastern Europe is also analyzed. In explaining the special case of Ukraine which breaks with the general trend of Eastern Europe, the authors show that Ukraine experienced a transition from less-violent forms of destabilization (anti-government demonstrations and riots) to more violent ones (guerrilla warfare and terrorist attacks) in 2013–2014. The reasons for the growth of terrorist activity and guerrilla warfare as well as the role of the war in Donbass are discussed. It is shown that though the case of Ukraine is unique for Eastern Europe in the period under study, it has many parallels on a global scale.","PeriodicalId":102221,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121589803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2019-1-282-294
V. Mironov, Dagmar Mironowa
The article is written with the death of German philosopher Robert Spaemann in mind and is a kind of philosophical obituary summing up some of the results of the philosopher’s life relating to his position as a citizen. In Germany, his philosophy was attributed to the so-called Ritter School, although his views were strongly influenced by H.-G. Gadamer, whom he followed while working at the University of Heidelberg. Many of his works were created at the intersection of ethics and political philosophy. Here, one of his favorite themes was human dignity, which was primarily related to the fact that man belongs to the human race and this determines the basic values of existence. Hence, his attitude towards the value of life itself and his negative attitude towards suicide as a conscious withdrawal from life or euthanasia are found. In recent years, before his death, he had been engaged in philosophical analysis and the criticism of the new system of European values which was detached from the peculiarities of national, primarily religious, values. In this regard, he criticized political power for not relying on moral principles.
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Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-266-271
B. Ilizarov, Elena Bulyulina
Book review: Francis X. Blouin Jr., William G. Rosenberg, Proiskhozhdenie proshlogo: “podlinnost’” dlia istorikov i arkhivistov [Processing the Past: Changing Authorities in History and the Archives] (Saint Petersburg: EU Press, 2017) (in Russian).
书评:Francis X. Blouin Jr.， William G. Rosenberg, Proiskhozhdenie proshlogo:“podlinnost”dlia istorikov i arkhivistov[处理过去:历史和档案中的变化权威](圣彼得堡:欧盟出版社，2017)(俄文)。
{"title":"In the Barns of Memory One Cannot Separate Wheat from Chaff","authors":"B. Ilizarov, Elena Bulyulina","doi":"10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-266-271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-266-271","url":null,"abstract":"Book review: Francis X. Blouin Jr., William G. Rosenberg, Proiskhozhdenie proshlogo: “podlinnost’” dlia istorikov i arkhivistov [Processing the Past: Changing Authorities in History and the Archives] (Saint Petersburg: EU Press, 2017) (in Russian).","PeriodicalId":102221,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review","volume":"542 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123465942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2019-1-140-157
K. Fomin, N. Savelyeva
This article is devoted to the analysis of the origins of the unsatisfactory situation concerning refugees, and searching for a new model of emancipatory politics that will be useful to overcome this situation. The main thesis of the article is that the positions articulated by G. Agamben, J. Ranciere, and J. Butler can be combined in a radical democratic model of politic that is based on a revised concept of human rights. First, the authors turn to the basic categories used in the analysis of political theories: national state, sovereignty, refugees, stateless people, and human rights. Then, the authors examine the context of the emerging liberal conception of human rights and the critics of this conception. After presenting the main arguments against the liberal conception of human rights, the authors turn to the theory of sovereign power. One of the main conclusions of this theory is that emancipatory political theorists should refuse the concept of human rights. Agamben’s argumentation of such a refusal is based on the statement about the inevitable connection between human rights and state power. The authors point out both the positive and negative aspects of Agamben’s approach as well as showing its advantages and limitations. Next, the authors demonstrate an alternative approach to human rights as proposed by J. Ranciere. At the end of the article, the authors present a constructive model of emancipatory politics which incorporates the ideas of G. Agamben, J. Ranciere, and J. Butler. For the authors of this paper, this model is free of the main drawbacks of the approaches under consideration. The advantages of the model are an expansive view of power, and the reintroduction of the notion of solidarity into emancipatory theory.
本文致力于分析有关难民的令人不满意的情况的根源，并寻找一种新的解放政治模式，这将有助于克服这种情况。这篇文章的主要论点是，G. Agamben、J. Ranciere和J. Butler所阐述的立场可以结合在一个激进的民主政治模式中，该模式基于修订后的人权概念。首先，作者转向了政治理论分析中使用的基本类别:民族国家、主权、难民、无国籍者和人权。然后，作者考察了新兴的自由主义人权概念的背景和对这一概念的批评。在提出反对自由主义人权观的主要论据之后，作者转向主权权力理论。这一理论的一个主要结论是，解放主义的政治理论家应该拒绝人权的概念。阿甘本对这种拒绝的论证是基于人权与国家权力之间不可避免的联系的陈述。作者指出了Agamben方法的积极和消极方面，并展示了其优势和局限性。接下来，作者展示了J. Ranciere提出的另一种人权方法。在文章的最后，作者提出了一个建设性的解放政治模型，该模型融合了G. Agamben, J. Ranciere和J. Butler的思想。对于本文的作者来说，该模型没有所考虑的方法的主要缺点。该模型的优点是对权力的广泛看法，并将团结的概念重新引入解放理论。
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Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-9-35
Dmitri Zamiatin
From a methodological standpoint, a comprehensive study of post-urbanism implies a cognitive fixation of any spatial event as co-spatial. We can talk about the co-existence of different cognitive/ontological regimes in the post-urban reality, which themselves can also be called co-spatial. Co-spatialities, understood as communicative event nodes, can be considered as key elements in a prototypical imagination map of post-urban space. Post-urban geo-cultures, producing a variety of cartographies of the imagination, are fundamentally heterotopic. Different communities become post-urban in forming their transversal cartographies of the imagination, constantly proliferate, become more and more co-spatial and, consequently, generate this post-politics which is aimed at accelerating a multiple dispersion of communicative events. Post-urban communities create post-political situations in which the cartographies of the imagination becomes the bases of new urban landscapes or new geo-cultures. The post-city develops practices and processes of hetero-textuality when the texts of individual geo-cultures do not assume a common space of reading, a plan of value, or a plan of expression, and only comes into existence in terms of consistent landscape modulations immanent to imaginary cartographies. Any post-city cartography of imagination supports special landscape modes which create the realities of material and mental character. Any cartography of imagination can be thought of phenomenologically as the line becomes a particular identity of individuals and communities. Post-nomadic mobilities lead to the coexistence of multitudes of such cartographies whose event co-spatialities create a post-political communities, and manipulate differences of the “velocity” of multiple communicative discourses. The creation of new cartographies of imagination forms post-urbanism as an art of detailed co-spatialities.
{"title":"Post-City (II): Cartographies of Imaginaton and Co-spatiality Politics","authors":"Dmitri Zamiatin","doi":"10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-9-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-9-35","url":null,"abstract":"From a methodological standpoint, a comprehensive study of post-urbanism implies a cognitive fixation of any spatial event as co-spatial. We can talk about the co-existence of different cognitive/ontological regimes in the post-urban reality, which themselves can also be called co-spatial. Co-spatialities, understood as communicative event nodes, can be considered as key elements in a prototypical imagination map of post-urban space. Post-urban geo-cultures, producing a variety of cartographies of the imagination, are fundamentally heterotopic. Different communities become post-urban in forming their transversal cartographies of the imagination, constantly proliferate, become more and more co-spatial and, consequently, generate this post-politics which is aimed at accelerating a multiple dispersion of communicative events. Post-urban communities create post-political situations in which the cartographies of the imagination becomes the bases of new urban landscapes or new geo-cultures. The post-city develops practices and processes of hetero-textuality when the texts of individual geo-cultures do not assume a common space of reading, a plan of value, or a plan of expression, and only comes into existence in terms of consistent landscape modulations immanent to imaginary cartographies. Any post-city cartography of imagination supports special landscape modes which create the realities of material and mental character. Any cartography of imagination can be thought of phenomenologically as the line becomes a particular identity of individuals and communities. Post-nomadic mobilities lead to the coexistence of multitudes of such cartographies whose event co-spatialities create a post-political communities, and manipulate differences of the “velocity” of multiple communicative discourses. The creation of new cartographies of imagination forms post-urbanism as an art of detailed co-spatialities.","PeriodicalId":102221,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116482891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.17323/1728-192X-2019-1-218-249
I. Trotsuk
One of the key features of social sciences and humanities distinguishing them from technical and natural sciences are the frequent intersections of their terminology with everyday discourse. Some social concepts have completely different interpretations in sociological discourse and everyday life, with the words “field” and “panel” as good examples. However, the majority of similar concepts of everyday life and sociological research have quite the same content. The word “justice” and its derivatives stand out in this set of terms, for hardly any other concept in human history is saturated with political connotations, or requires little additional explanation when used in social-economic debates or military conflicts. As a result, the word “justice” is widely used in all “life-worlds” (i.e., according to A. Schütz, justice seems to be both a ‘first-order construct’ and a ‘second-order construct’), which complicates its unambiguous conceptual and empirical interpretations in sociological research. The article was supposed to be a review of two books, A History of Justice: From the Pluralism of Forums to the Modern Dualism of Conscience and Law by P. Prodi, and The Idea of Justice by A. Sen, providing a clearer conceptual definition of justice. However, it turned into reflections with some theoretical and empirical examples on why such searches in sociology are important and inevitable, but are unlikely to end with a satisfying result. This does not make such searches meaningless, but rather utopian in nature, and essential for the self-identification of the discipline through the questioning of its own conceptual foundations.
社会科学和人文科学区别于技术科学和自然科学的一个关键特征是它们的术语与日常话语的频繁交叉。一些社会概念在社会学话语和日常生活中有着完全不同的解释，“场”和“面板”就是很好的例子。然而，大多数日常生活和社会学研究的类似概念具有相当相同的内容。“正义”一词及其衍生词在这组术语中十分突出，因为人类历史上几乎没有任何其他概念充满政治内涵，或者在社会经济辩论或军事冲突中使用时几乎不需要额外的解释。因此，“正义”一词被广泛应用于所有的“生活世界”(即，根据a . sch茨的观点，正义似乎既是“一阶结构”也是“二阶结构”)，这使得社会学研究中对其明确的概念和经验解释变得复杂。这篇文章本应是对两本书——《正义史:从论坛的多元主义到良心与法律的现代二元论》(P. Prodi)和a . Sen的《正义理念》(The Idea of Justice)——的评论，这两本书为正义提供了更清晰的概念定义。然而，它变成了一些理论和实证例子的反思，为什么社会学中的这种搜索是重要的和不可避免的，但不太可能以令人满意的结果结束。这并没有使这样的研究毫无意义，而是在本质上是乌托邦式的，并且通过对其自身概念基础的质疑，对学科的自我认同至关重要。
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Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2019-1-272-281
D. Shalaginov, E.M. Serzhan
Book Review: Manuel DeLanda, Novaya filosofiya obschestva: teoriya assamblyazhei i sotsial’naya slozhnost’ [A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity] (Perm: Hyle Press, 2018) (in Russian).
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Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2019-1-186-217
A. Shirokov
The article is an attempt to interpret Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as a recording device or, in other words, as a way of translating the world into a textual form. In directly posing the question of what ANT is and what it means to be an actor-network theorist, the author shows that this, first of all, means writing specific texts. If we accept such a version of what ANT is, then the question is how Latour proposes to write texts. His strategy of description is based on a certain politics of explanation. Like any other politics, the politics of explanation is based on certain principles or credo; in this case, these principles are related to the influence of the semiotics, ethnomethodology, and results of what Latour called the anthropology of the modern. This text, on the one hand, analyzes how Latour selectively borrows elements of semiotics and ethnomethodology in developing his policy of explanation. On the other hand, the author shows how this politics of explanation is implemented in practice in a specific description strategy. The author concludes that Latour’s politics of explanation and the subsequent description strategy presupposes an average path between two extremes. The first extreme is the output to the meta level, and the second is the use of only the explanations of the actors themselves. This middle path consists of the development of certain principles of description that would not lead either to the replacement of the language of actors by the language of a sociologist, or to a simple repetition of the language of actors. The ANT infra-language does not say anything meaningful about the world, but, in a certain way, organizes a description of the world as it is as an empty template which must be re-applied each time. It is for this reason that it is possible for historical, ethnographic, and mixed ANT-research.
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