Abstract A plant-growth–promoting rhizobacterial mixture comprised of Bacillus subtilis A13 + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IN937a (A13 + IN937a), and a chemical plant activator, acibenzolar-S-methyl ...
摘要:由枯草芽孢杆菌A13 +解淀粉芽孢杆菌IN937a (A13 + IN937a)和植物化学活化剂酸性苯并- s -甲基组成的植物促生根瘤菌混合物。
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL AND MIXTURE OF BACILLUS SPECIES ON GROWTH AND VIGOR OF CULTIVATED TOBACCO","authors":"V. Parkunan, Charles S. Johnson, J. Eisenback","doi":"10.3381/10-010.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/10-010.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A plant-growth–promoting rhizobacterial mixture comprised of Bacillus subtilis A13 + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IN937a (A13 + IN937a), and a chemical plant activator, acibenzolar-S-methyl ...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"60 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73787325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Current on-farm tobacco-baling technology generally utilizes hydraulic power to press tobacco into bales prior to marketing. The high system pressures at which hydraulic systems operate pose a potential risk to workers. Further, hydraulic systems are costly and subject to hydraulic oil leaks, which can contaminate baled tobacco. A pneumatically driven, vertically oriented, multistroke baler was designed as a safe and affordable alternative to current hydraulic balers. Pneumatics were chosen because of the lower system operating pressure, potentially lower costs, and much reduced risk of tobacco-bale contamination. The transmission of power was achieved through a reversible pneumatic gear motor operating opposing left- and right-hand acme threaded rods coupled together to form a power screw. The power screw actuated the bale plunger through a scissor-jack design, which was used to counter the nonlinear force response of compressed tobacco. The completed baler was tested with burley tobacco grown d...
{"title":"DESIGN OF A PNEUMATIC BALING SYSTEM FOR BURLEY AND FLUE-CURED TOBACCO","authors":"Robert D. Boaz, M. Boyette, J. M. Long","doi":"10.3381/09-004.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/09-004.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Current on-farm tobacco-baling technology generally utilizes hydraulic power to press tobacco into bales prior to marketing. The high system pressures at which hydraulic systems operate pose a potential risk to workers. Further, hydraulic systems are costly and subject to hydraulic oil leaks, which can contaminate baled tobacco. A pneumatically driven, vertically oriented, multistroke baler was designed as a safe and affordable alternative to current hydraulic balers. Pneumatics were chosen because of the lower system operating pressure, potentially lower costs, and much reduced risk of tobacco-bale contamination. The transmission of power was achieved through a reversible pneumatic gear motor operating opposing left- and right-hand acme threaded rods coupled together to form a power screw. The power screw actuated the bale plunger through a scissor-jack design, which was used to counter the nonlinear force response of compressed tobacco. The completed baler was tested with burley tobacco grown d...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"221 1","pages":"20-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79887355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MECHANIZATION AND LABOR REDUCTION: A HISTORY OF U.S. FLUE-CURED TOBACCO PRODUCTION, 1950 TO 2008","authors":"L. Sykes","doi":"10.3381/SP1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/SP1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83071907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Research was conducted at one location in 2003 and two locations in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate the effects of stand loss, planting date, and replanting method on flue-cured tobacco yield and quality. Stand loss treatments included a 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% stand loss at two and four weeks after transplanting (WAT). In recent years, early season infections by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) have caused significant stand losses in North Carolina, so an additional treatment was included to simulate the effects of plant loss to tomato spotted wilt. Simulated losses consisted of a 10%, 10%, and 20% stand loss at 3, 4, and 5 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Planting date treatments included planting at the normal transplanting date and at 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after the normal transplanting date. To evaluate the effects of replanting method, tobacco was replanted at 2 or 4 weeks after normal replanting on an existing row ridge, a rebedded row ridge, and a tilled and rebedded row ridge. Due to exc...
{"title":"EFFECTS OF STAND LOSS, PLANTING DATE, AND REPLANTING METHOD ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO","authors":"W. C. Wilkinson, L. Fisher, W. Smith, D. Jordan","doi":"10.3381/1965.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/1965.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research was conducted at one location in 2003 and two locations in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate the effects of stand loss, planting date, and replanting method on flue-cured tobacco yield and quality. Stand loss treatments included a 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% stand loss at two and four weeks after transplanting (WAT). In recent years, early season infections by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) have caused significant stand losses in North Carolina, so an additional treatment was included to simulate the effects of plant loss to tomato spotted wilt. Simulated losses consisted of a 10%, 10%, and 20% stand loss at 3, 4, and 5 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Planting date treatments included planting at the normal transplanting date and at 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after the normal transplanting date. To evaluate the effects of replanting method, tobacco was replanted at 2 or 4 weeks after normal replanting on an existing row ridge, a rebedded row ridge, and a tilled and rebedded row ridge. Due to exc...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88078509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Nitrogen (N) fertilizer recommendations for burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seldom are adjusted to compensate for available N supplied when cover crops and/or animal manures are part of the cropping system. A field study was initiated to assess i) N availability from cover crops and manures to burley tobacco, ii) response of burley tobacco to N fertilizer provided by cover crops or manures, and iii) the usefulness and adaptability of soil testing and/or plant analysis for evaluating the supplemental fertilizer N needs of burley tobacco. The experimental design was a split-plot with fallow, crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), rye (Secale cereale), and rye + hairy vetch cover crops and fall-applied and spring-applied manure as main plot treatments and five fertilizer N rates ranging from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in 50 kg N ha−1 increments as split-plot treatments. Soil and tobacco petioles were sampled in the 0 kg N ha−1 check plots during the growing season to determin...
当覆盖作物和/或动物粪便作为种植系统的一部分时，白肋烟(Nicotiana tabacum)的氮肥推荐用量很少调整以补偿速效氮的供应。为评价覆盖作物和肥料对白肋烟氮素的有效性，白肋烟对覆盖作物和肥料提供的氮肥的响应，以及土壤试验和/或植物分析对评价白肋烟氮素补充需求的有效性和适应性，开展了田间研究。试验设计以休耕、红三叶草(Trifolium incarnatum)、毛叶紫薇(Vicia villosa)、黑麦(seale cereale)和黑麦+毛叶紫薇为覆盖作物，以秋施和春施有机肥为主要小区处理，5种氮肥施氮量为0 ~ 200 kg N ha - 1，以50 kg N ha - 1为增量，分小区处理。在0 kg N ha−1对照区，在生长季节取样土壤和烟草叶柄，以确定
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF BURLEY TOBACCO NITROGEN NEEDS FOLLOWING COVER CROPPING AND MANURE APPLICATION","authors":"J. Vaughan, Greg D. Hoyt, A. G. Wollum","doi":"10.3381/1959.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/1959.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nitrogen (N) fertilizer recommendations for burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seldom are adjusted to compensate for available N supplied when cover crops and/or animal manures are part of the cropping system. A field study was initiated to assess i) N availability from cover crops and manures to burley tobacco, ii) response of burley tobacco to N fertilizer provided by cover crops or manures, and iii) the usefulness and adaptability of soil testing and/or plant analysis for evaluating the supplemental fertilizer N needs of burley tobacco. The experimental design was a split-plot with fallow, crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), rye (Secale cereale), and rye + hairy vetch cover crops and fall-applied and spring-applied manure as main plot treatments and five fertilizer N rates ranging from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in 50 kg N ha−1 increments as split-plot treatments. Soil and tobacco petioles were sampled in the 0 kg N ha−1 check plots during the growing season to determin...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86401291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Fertilizer nitrogen (N) recommendations are seldom reduced for burley tobacco when cover crops and/or animal manures that supply significant amounts of available N are part of the cropping...
摘要当覆盖作物和/或动物粪便是种植中提供大量有效氮的一部分时，白肋烟的氮肥推荐量很少减少。
{"title":"EVALUATION OF A QUICK TEST METHOD FOR TOBACCO PETIOLE NITRATE ANALYSES","authors":"J. Vaughan, G. Hoyt","doi":"10.3381/1960.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/1960.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fertilizer nitrogen (N) recommendations are seldom reduced for burley tobacco when cover crops and/or animal manures that supply significant amounts of available N are part of the cropping...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"11-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89599153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A four-year study was conducted to compare the effects of strip-till tobacco production under crop rotation to conventional-till tobacco on a South Carolina Coastal Plain soil. A separate ...
{"title":"FLUE-CURED TOBACCO IN A STRIP-TILL PRODUCTION SYSTEM","authors":"D. Gooden, B. A. Fortnum, H. Skipper","doi":"10.3381/1956.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/1956.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A four-year study was conducted to compare the effects of strip-till tobacco production under crop rotation to conventional-till tobacco on a South Carolina Coastal Plain soil. A separate ...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80565423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Experiments were conducted at 4 locations in 2003-2004 to investigate the influence of 10 cultivars and their morphological characteristics on mechanical harvesting efficiency and to develop a ranking system for use in variety testing. Treatments (cultivars) were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Leaf angle, leaf curvature, and internode spacing were measured immediately prior to each of the final three harvests. Harvesting efficiency was determined by the number of lost leaves for harvests 2, 3, and 4 and by measuring non-harvested stem material (stem loss) after harvest 4. Highly significant differences among cultivars in leaf angle, leaf curvature, and internode spacing were found before each harvest. However, these differences did not impact mechanical harvesting efficiency, except at final harvest, where significant differences in leaf and stem loss were found among cultivars. Leaf angle and internode spacing were significantly correlated with stem los...
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF CULTIVAR AND PLANT MORPHOLOGY ON MECHANICAL HARVESTING EFFICIENCY OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO","authors":"J. A. Gaddy, W. Smith, L. Fisher, M. Boyette","doi":"10.3381/1964.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/1964.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Experiments were conducted at 4 locations in 2003-2004 to investigate the influence of 10 cultivars and their morphological characteristics on mechanical harvesting efficiency and to develop a ranking system for use in variety testing. Treatments (cultivars) were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Leaf angle, leaf curvature, and internode spacing were measured immediately prior to each of the final three harvests. Harvesting efficiency was determined by the number of lost leaves for harvests 2, 3, and 4 and by measuring non-harvested stem material (stem loss) after harvest 4. Highly significant differences among cultivars in leaf angle, leaf curvature, and internode spacing were found before each harvest. However, these differences did not impact mechanical harvesting efficiency, except at final harvest, where significant differences in leaf and stem loss were found among cultivars. Leaf angle and internode spacing were significantly correlated with stem los...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"109 1","pages":"34-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79267548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary Taylor, L. Fisher, D. Jordan, W. Smith, J. W. Wilcut
Abstract Maleic hydrazide (MH) controls axillary shoot (sucker) growth in tobacco and is used on more than 90% of the tobacco acreage in North Carolina. Residues of MH on flue-cured tobacco often exceed residue limits set by foreign purchasers of U.S. leaf. Research was conducted at the Central Crop Research Station (CCRS) near Clayton, NC and the Border Belt Tobacco Research Station (BBTRS) near Whiteville, NC in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate diflufenzopyr, (2-(1-[([3,5-difluorophenylamino] carbonyl)-hydrazono}ethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) (BAS 654 H and BASF 131) for the control of sucker growth. Diflufenzopyr was evaluated alone and in tank mixtures with the registered rate of flumetralin, and registered and reduced rates of MH. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design with MH at four rates (0, 0.6, 1.3, and 2.5 kg ai ha−1), flumetralin at two rates (0 and 0.7 kg ai ha−1), and diflufenzopyr at two rates (0 and 0.017 kg ai ha−1). All treatments were applied approximately ten days after the removal...
{"title":"MANAGEMENT OF AXILLARY SHOOT GROWTH AND MALEIC HYDRAZIDE RESIDUES WITH DIFLUFENZOPYR IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM)","authors":"Zachary Taylor, L. Fisher, D. Jordan, W. Smith, J. W. Wilcut","doi":"10.3381/1951.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/1951.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Maleic hydrazide (MH) controls axillary shoot (sucker) growth in tobacco and is used on more than 90% of the tobacco acreage in North Carolina. Residues of MH on flue-cured tobacco often exceed residue limits set by foreign purchasers of U.S. leaf. Research was conducted at the Central Crop Research Station (CCRS) near Clayton, NC and the Border Belt Tobacco Research Station (BBTRS) near Whiteville, NC in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate diflufenzopyr, (2-(1-[([3,5-difluorophenylamino] carbonyl)-hydrazono}ethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) (BAS 654 H and BASF 131) for the control of sucker growth. Diflufenzopyr was evaluated alone and in tank mixtures with the registered rate of flumetralin, and registered and reduced rates of MH. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design with MH at four rates (0, 0.6, 1.3, and 2.5 kg ai ha−1), flumetralin at two rates (0 and 0.7 kg ai ha−1), and diflufenzopyr at two rates (0 and 0.017 kg ai ha−1). All treatments were applied approximately ten days after the removal...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"52 2 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82443383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-01DOI: 10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.17
C. Xie, Willa Huang, Baochun Li
Abstract Regenerability is an essential trait for plant varieties developed for the production of plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs). As part of the effort to develop optimal plant varieties for PMP production, two experiments were conducted in this study to determine and/or improve the shoot organogenic potential of Nicotiana species with important traits for PMP-oriented breeding. Effects of benzylaminopurine (BA) and 6-(δ,δ-Dimethylallyamino)-purine (2iP) on shoot organogenic potential of 46 Nicotiana accessions, representing 15 species, were examined in the first experiment. BA was found to be more effective than 2iP in enhancing shoot organogenesis for 23 Nicotiana accessions from 10 species, while 2iP was more effective than BA for only four accessions, including two from N. paniculata, one from N. obtusifolia and one from N. rustica. Effects of varying concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on shoot organogenic potential of 12 poorly responsive Nicotiana a...
{"title":"EFFECTS OF BENZYLAMINOPURINE, 6-(δ, δ-DIMETHYLALLYAMINO)-PURINE AND THIDIAZURON ON SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS OF NICOTIANA SPECIES","authors":"C. Xie, Willa Huang, Baochun Li","doi":"10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Regenerability is an essential trait for plant varieties developed for the production of plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs). As part of the effort to develop optimal plant varieties for PMP production, two experiments were conducted in this study to determine and/or improve the shoot organogenic potential of Nicotiana species with important traits for PMP-oriented breeding. Effects of benzylaminopurine (BA) and 6-(δ,δ-Dimethylallyamino)-purine (2iP) on shoot organogenic potential of 46 Nicotiana accessions, representing 15 species, were examined in the first experiment. BA was found to be more effective than 2iP in enhancing shoot organogenesis for 23 Nicotiana accessions from 10 species, while 2iP was more effective than BA for only four accessions, including two from N. paniculata, one from N. obtusifolia and one from N. rustica. Effects of varying concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on shoot organogenic potential of 12 poorly responsive Nicotiana a...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75535658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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