The tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a devastating pest of tobacco in Malawi. Experience has shown that by the time this pest is noticed, considerable damage has already been done to tobac...
{"title":"PERFORMANCE OF A SPLIT APPLICATION OF PREVATHON 5 SC AND CYAZYPYR 20 SC AGAINST THE TOBACCO BUDWORM (HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA) IN MALAWI","authors":"K. R. Msango, L. Longwe, A. J. Ndelemani","doi":"10.3381/15-044.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/15-044.1","url":null,"abstract":"The tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a devastating pest of tobacco in Malawi. Experience has shown that by the time this pest is noticed, considerable damage has already been done to tobac...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74133139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine the effect of nitrogen application timing and method on the yield, quality, and leaf chemistry of flue-cured tobacco. Liquid urea–ammonium–nitrate supplied 100% of the total nitrogen and was applied in differing combinations of rates, timings, and methods. Nitrogen rates above, at, and below recommendation for specific locations were split into two, three, or four application timings depending on treatment. Nitrogen application was initiated at transplanting and concluded before or at topping. Applications of nitrogen were either soil applied at each interval or were soil applied until topping where application occurred over top to promote stalk rundown. Leaf tissue samples were collected at layby and topping to evaluate total nitrogen content throughout the growing season. Composite cured leaf tissue samples from all four stalk positions were analyzed for total alkaloid and reducing-sugar content. Yield data were collected and leaf quality was determin...
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN APPLICATION RATE ON THE YIELD, QUALITY, AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO, PART II: APPLICATION METHOD","authors":"M. P. Drake, M. Vann, L. Fisher","doi":"10.3381/14-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/14-043","url":null,"abstract":"Research was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine the effect of nitrogen application timing and method on the yield, quality, and leaf chemistry of flue-cured tobacco. Liquid urea–ammonium–nitrate supplied 100% of the total nitrogen and was applied in differing combinations of rates, timings, and methods. Nitrogen rates above, at, and below recommendation for specific locations were split into two, three, or four application timings depending on treatment. Nitrogen application was initiated at transplanting and concluded before or at topping. Applications of nitrogen were either soil applied at each interval or were soil applied until topping where application occurred over top to promote stalk rundown. Leaf tissue samples were collected at layby and topping to evaluate total nitrogen content throughout the growing season. Composite cured leaf tissue samples from all four stalk positions were analyzed for total alkaloid and reducing-sugar content. Yield data were collected and leaf quality was determin...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76562885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forty-two years of daily temperature and dew point data (1959–2000) for Lexington, KY, along with the yearly crop grade percentages from burley sales data, were used to determine the effects of tem...
{"title":"FURTHER EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON LEAF QUALITY WHEN CURING BURLEY TOBACCO1","authors":"T. Bridges, J. Wilhoit","doi":"10.3381/15-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/15-044","url":null,"abstract":"Forty-two years of daily temperature and dew point data (1959–2000) for Lexington, KY, along with the yearly crop grade percentages from burley sales data, were used to determine the effects of tem...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73915272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an economically important plant virus, belonging to the family Bunyaviridae and genus Tospovirus, first identified in the United States in the middle to late 1980s and in North Carolina tobacco in 1988. By 1997 TSWV had been identified in nearly every North Carolina county. TSWV incidence has increased since its introduction. Tobacco plants infected with TSWV display a range of symptoms, including wilting and yellowing of leaves, ring spots, necrotic lesions, discoloration of leaf veins, and stunting. The majority of tobacco plants infected with TSWV will eventually die. TSWV is transmitted mechanically by 7 thrips species worldwide. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the most important vector of TSWV in eastern and central North Carolina, and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a locally important vector in the western piedmont and mountainous region of the state. Previo...
番茄斑点枯萎病毒(TSWV)是一种具有重要经济意义的植物病毒，属于布尼亚病毒科和Tospovirus属，于20世纪80年代中后期在美国首次发现，1988年在北卡罗来纳州烟草中首次发现。到1997年，几乎在北卡罗莱纳州的每个县都发现了TSWV。自引入TSWV以来，TSWV发病率有所增加。感染TSWV的烟草植株表现出一系列症状，包括叶片萎黄、环状斑点、坏死病变、叶脉变色和发育迟缓。大多数感染了TSWV的烟草植株最终会死亡。TSWV通过7种蓟马在世界范围内进行机械传播。烟蓟马fusliniella (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)是北卡罗来纳州东部和中部最重要的TSWV病媒，西部花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)是该州西部山前和山区的重要地方病媒。Previo……
{"title":"SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BURLEY AND FLUE-CURED TOBACCO TYPES TO TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS TRANSMITTED BY THRIPS (ORDER: THYSANOPTERA)","authors":"M. J. Simoneaux, C. Sorenson","doi":"10.3381/14-037R.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/14-037R.1","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an economically important plant virus, belonging to the family Bunyaviridae and genus Tospovirus, first identified in the United States in the middle to late 1980s and in North Carolina tobacco in 1988. By 1997 TSWV had been identified in nearly every North Carolina county. TSWV incidence has increased since its introduction. Tobacco plants infected with TSWV display a range of symptoms, including wilting and yellowing of leaves, ring spots, necrotic lesions, discoloration of leaf veins, and stunting. The majority of tobacco plants infected with TSWV will eventually die. TSWV is transmitted mechanically by 7 thrips species worldwide. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the most important vector of TSWV in eastern and central North Carolina, and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a locally important vector in the western piedmont and mountainous region of the state. Previo...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"88 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84367884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research was conducted at 5 locations between 2012 and 2013 to determine the effect of nitrogen application rate and timing on yield, quality, and leaf chemistry of flue-cured tobacco. Urea–ammoniu...
{"title":"NITROGEN APPLICATION RATE INFLUENCE ON YIELD, QUALITY, AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO, PART I: APPLICATION TIMING","authors":"M. P. Drake, M. Vann, L. Fisher","doi":"10.3381/14-041R.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/14-041R.1","url":null,"abstract":"Research was conducted at 5 locations between 2012 and 2013 to determine the effect of nitrogen application rate and timing on yield, quality, and leaf chemistry of flue-cured tobacco. Urea–ammoniu...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75065925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crop performance trials are conducted in nearly every state as part of the land-grant mission. These trials have been conducted for flue-cured tobacco in the southeastern United States since 1954 and continue today. Even though the trials are conducted in a scientific manner, they are subject to variability caused by management and natural causes like diseases and insects. This article looks at the variability of 3 measurements from the North Carolina Official Flue-Cured Tobacco Variety Trials from 1981 through 2001. Yield, grade index, and dollar value per hectare ($/ha) were examined with the use of a procedure developed for other crops. First the relationship between error and mean was established. For these 3 traits there were no relationships between error and mean. A pooled (average) variance was calculated and then a maximum allowable variance was determined by multiplying the pooled variance by 2. Six out of 112 environments had questionable accuracy for yield; there were 7 questionable environmen...
{"title":"ESTABLISHING ACCEPTABLE LIMITS TO FLUE-CURED TOBACCO PERFORMANCE TRIALS","authors":"D. Bowman","doi":"10.3381/14-040R.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/14-040R.1","url":null,"abstract":"Crop performance trials are conducted in nearly every state as part of the land-grant mission. These trials have been conducted for flue-cured tobacco in the southeastern United States since 1954 and continue today. Even though the trials are conducted in a scientific manner, they are subject to variability caused by management and natural causes like diseases and insects. This article looks at the variability of 3 measurements from the North Carolina Official Flue-Cured Tobacco Variety Trials from 1981 through 2001. Yield, grade index, and dollar value per hectare ($/ha) were examined with the use of a procedure developed for other crops. First the relationship between error and mean was established. For these 3 traits there were no relationships between error and mean. A pooled (average) variance was calculated and then a maximum allowable variance was determined by multiplying the pooled variance by 2. Six out of 112 environments had questionable accuracy for yield; there were 7 questionable environmen...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82788317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tobacco beetle, Lasioderma serricorne, is a serious insect pest of cured tobacco in Malawi. Fumigation with phosphine is the most common method of control for infested tobacco; however, fumigation has no residual effect and repeated fumigation is required in circumstances where reinfestation easily occurs. Refumigation of tobacco is costly and increases the chances of beetle resistance to phosphine. Experiments were conducted in tobacco warehouses in Lilongwe, Malawi to assess the efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) combined with phosphine fumigation against the tobacco beetle. The adult beetles caught in pheromone traps placed on tobacco stacks covered with LLIN during a 13-week storage period were always significantly fewer than those without LLIN (untreated control). When tobacco stacks were covered with LLIN after fumigation with phosphine, the initial infestation is expected to be zero; the trap catches remained zero for the whole storage period in most cases. These results suggest t...
{"title":"EFFICACY OF LONG-LASTING INSECTICIDAL NET (LLIN) IN CONTROLLING TOBACCO BEETLE (LASIODERMA SERRICORNE) IN MALAWI","authors":"K. R. Msango, L. Longwe","doi":"10.3381/13-031.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/13-031.1","url":null,"abstract":"The tobacco beetle, Lasioderma serricorne, is a serious insect pest of cured tobacco in Malawi. Fumigation with phosphine is the most common method of control for infested tobacco; however, fumigation has no residual effect and repeated fumigation is required in circumstances where reinfestation easily occurs. Refumigation of tobacco is costly and increases the chances of beetle resistance to phosphine. Experiments were conducted in tobacco warehouses in Lilongwe, Malawi to assess the efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) combined with phosphine fumigation against the tobacco beetle. The adult beetles caught in pheromone traps placed on tobacco stacks covered with LLIN during a 13-week storage period were always significantly fewer than those without LLIN (untreated control). When tobacco stacks were covered with LLIN after fumigation with phosphine, the initial infestation is expected to be zero; the trap catches remained zero for the whole storage period in most cases. These results suggest t...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"31-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76191659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Fassino, K. Gwinn, S. Lenhart, Anne M. Jack, H. P. Denton
Minimization of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) is a focus for many involved in burley tobacco research and production. Environmental factors in curing barns during the 2-week physical transformation from yellowing to browning affect concentrations of TSNAs in cured tobacco. The objective of this study was to develop mathematical models for TSNA accumulation on the basis of temperature and relative humidity. Temperature and relative humidity were measured continuously in 20 burley tobacco barns located in Tennessee during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. The environmental data were analyzed by creating thresholds of temperature ( 70°F) and relative humidity (>80%, >85%, >90%). For each barn during weeks 3 through 5 of curing, total hours that temperature and relative humidity (RH) satisfied these thresholds were defined as Th 70, RHh>80, RHh>85, or RHh>90. From these threshold counts we developed various models on the basis of regression analysis. Models were linear, interaction, ...
{"title":"MODELING THE EFFECT OF ABIOTIC FACTORS ON TOBACCO-SPECIFIC NITROSAMINES","authors":"S. Fassino, K. Gwinn, S. Lenhart, Anne M. Jack, H. P. Denton","doi":"10.3381/12-021R.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/12-021R.1","url":null,"abstract":"Minimization of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) is a focus for many involved in burley tobacco research and production. Environmental factors in curing barns during the 2-week physical transformation from yellowing to browning affect concentrations of TSNAs in cured tobacco. The objective of this study was to develop mathematical models for TSNA accumulation on the basis of temperature and relative humidity. Temperature and relative humidity were measured continuously in 20 burley tobacco barns located in Tennessee during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. The environmental data were analyzed by creating thresholds of temperature ( 70°F) and relative humidity (>80%, >85%, >90%). For each barn during weeks 3 through 5 of curing, total hours that temperature and relative humidity (RH) satisfied these thresholds were defined as Th 70, RHh>80, RHh>85, or RHh>90. From these threshold counts we developed various models on the basis of regression analysis. Models were linear, interaction, ...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87369606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The purpose of this research was to develop a post-frame structure to utilize wire-frame racks in the curing of burley tobacco in nontraditional growing areas. Since the 2004 federal tobacco quota buyout legislation, burley tobacco production has moved into the piedmont and coastal plain regions of North Carolina, where there was no existing burley curing infrastructure. This presented a unique opportunity to build curing infrastructure based on the most efficient and least costly alternatives. The current trend for mechanically harvested burley tobacco utilizes the cut-notch method. Wire-frame racks are used by many growers as part of an infield curing structure for cut-notch harvested plants. Incorporating wire-frame racks into a post-frame structure provides greater protection from adverse weather than a typical in-field wire-frame curing structure. All of the in-field advantages and mechanisms of wire-frame racks are retained with this design. A 2-tier test building was designed and construct...
{"title":"DESIGN OF A POST-FRAME BURLEY TOBACCO CURING STRUCTURE FOR WIRE-FRAME RACKS","authors":"J. M. Long, M. Boyette","doi":"10.3381/12-018.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/12-018.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this research was to develop a post-frame structure to utilize wire-frame racks in the curing of burley tobacco in nontraditional growing areas. Since the 2004 federal tobacco quota buyout legislation, burley tobacco production has moved into the piedmont and coastal plain regions of North Carolina, where there was no existing burley curing infrastructure. This presented a unique opportunity to build curing infrastructure based on the most efficient and least costly alternatives. The current trend for mechanically harvested burley tobacco utilizes the cut-notch method. Wire-frame racks are used by many growers as part of an infield curing structure for cut-notch harvested plants. Incorporating wire-frame racks into a post-frame structure provides greater protection from adverse weather than a typical in-field wire-frame curing structure. All of the in-field advantages and mechanisms of wire-frame racks are retained with this design. A 2-tier test building was designed and construct...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81102262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stalk-notching harvesters initially received a lot of interest by growers because they were the only reasonably priced commercially available options that actually mechanized the harvest of burley tobacco. Field studies were conducted at four different farms—one with a MarCo harvester and the other three with Kirpy harvesters—observing harvesting and hanging operations. Harvesting labor productivity was fairly consistent for three of the four farms with similar wagon load sizes, and considerably higher at the fourth farm that had a much larger wagon load size. Harvesting labor requirements ranged from about 16 to 27 worker-hours (w-hr)/ha (6.7 to 11 w-hr/ac), compared with 64 w-hr/ha (26 w-hr/ac) for traditional stick harvesting of burley tobacco. Hanging labor requirements ranged from about 55 to 76 w-hr/ha (23 to 31 w-hr/ac), comparable with standard hanging labor requirements for hanging stick tobacco in multitiered traditional barns, but considerably higher than reported for hanging stick tobacco on s...
{"title":"EVALUATION OF LABOR REQUIREMENTS FOR BURLEY TOBACCO STALK-NOTCHING HARVESTERS","authors":"J. Wilhoit, G. Duncan","doi":"10.3381/12-020.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/12-020.1","url":null,"abstract":"Stalk-notching harvesters initially received a lot of interest by growers because they were the only reasonably priced commercially available options that actually mechanized the harvest of burley tobacco. Field studies were conducted at four different farms—one with a MarCo harvester and the other three with Kirpy harvesters—observing harvesting and hanging operations. Harvesting labor productivity was fairly consistent for three of the four farms with similar wagon load sizes, and considerably higher at the fourth farm that had a much larger wagon load size. Harvesting labor requirements ranged from about 16 to 27 worker-hours (w-hr)/ha (6.7 to 11 w-hr/ac), compared with 64 w-hr/ha (26 w-hr/ac) for traditional stick harvesting of burley tobacco. Hanging labor requirements ranged from about 55 to 76 w-hr/ha (23 to 31 w-hr/ac), comparable with standard hanging labor requirements for hanging stick tobacco in multitiered traditional barns, but considerably higher than reported for hanging stick tobacco on s...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84060069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：