Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_180_20
A. Ogochukwu, Anene-Okeke Gloria, I. Uchenna, Anosike Chibueze
Background: The use of drugs by teenagers is a major health concern globally. At this transitional point, secondary school students are the most vulnerable and are susceptible to risks associated with lack of knowledge of substance use. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of substance use among Nsukka secondary school students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a validated, self-administered questionnaire, comprising seven sections: demographic characteristics, knowledge of substance use, attitude toward substance use, practice of substance use, contributing factors, effects of substance use, and commonly used substance. Using IBM SPSS Statistics 20, the data were analyzed. To summarize the data, descriptive analysis (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviations) was used. Results: Over half of the respondents were female (57.5%) and were junior secondary school students (62.2%). Most of the respondents (80%) were conscious of substance abuse. More than half (52.5%) of the respondents had good knowledge of substance usage and only 9.6% of the respondents had a negative attitude toward drug use. It was deduced from the collected data that most students never carried out substance use activities. The respondents agreed that alcohol was the commonly used substance (52.4%) and curiosity (51.7%) was the major contributing factor among school students to substance use. Conclusion: The study found that students in secondary schools had sufficient awareness and a constructive outlook toward drug use, and that the majority did not use substance. Among high school students, alcohol was the most commonly used substance.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Substance Use in Nigeria among Secondary School Students","authors":"A. Ogochukwu, Anene-Okeke Gloria, I. Uchenna, Anosike Chibueze","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_180_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_180_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of drugs by teenagers is a major health concern globally. At this transitional point, secondary school students are the most vulnerable and are susceptible to risks associated with lack of knowledge of substance use. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of substance use among Nsukka secondary school students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a validated, self-administered questionnaire, comprising seven sections: demographic characteristics, knowledge of substance use, attitude toward substance use, practice of substance use, contributing factors, effects of substance use, and commonly used substance. Using IBM SPSS Statistics 20, the data were analyzed. To summarize the data, descriptive analysis (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviations) was used. Results: Over half of the respondents were female (57.5%) and were junior secondary school students (62.2%). Most of the respondents (80%) were conscious of substance abuse. More than half (52.5%) of the respondents had good knowledge of substance usage and only 9.6% of the respondents had a negative attitude toward drug use. It was deduced from the collected data that most students never carried out substance use activities. The respondents agreed that alcohol was the commonly used substance (52.4%) and curiosity (51.7%) was the major contributing factor among school students to substance use. Conclusion: The study found that students in secondary schools had sufficient awareness and a constructive outlook toward drug use, and that the majority did not use substance. Among high school students, alcohol was the most commonly used substance.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"23 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47480611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_168_20
S. Mallik, Baishakhi Paria, Malvika Dwivedi
Introduction: Aging is irreversible process accompanied by an increased risk of disease, disability, decreased functional capacity, and eventually death. It affects every individual, family, community, and society. Objectives: The study was to assess the sociodemographic profile, morbidity pattern, and quality of life (QOL) among the geriatric population living in the urban field practice of a Medical College in Kolkata. Methodology: A community-based study was designed to study the morbidity pattern and QOL of elderly residing in the urban field practice of Medical College in Kolkata. As per availability and feasibility, a total of 247 geriatric people were interviewed by visiting house to house. To assess the QOL of elderly people, the World Health Organization BREF questionnaire was used for the study. It consists of physical, psychological, environmental, and social relationship domains. Results: The mean QOL score varied significantly with religion in psychological, social, and environmental health domains, with age in physical, social, and environmental health domains with the type of family in physical and psychological health domains and with marital status in the social relationship domain. Conclusion: The present study revealed that hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common morbidities among the elderly study participants, occurring more commonly in females than in males. Among the four domains, the mean QOL score was maximum in the social relationship domain.
{"title":"A cross-sectional study on quality of life and comorbidities among geriatric population living in urban field practicing area of a medical college in Kolkata, West Bengal","authors":"S. Mallik, Baishakhi Paria, Malvika Dwivedi","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_168_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_168_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Aging is irreversible process accompanied by an increased risk of disease, disability, decreased functional capacity, and eventually death. It affects every individual, family, community, and society. Objectives: The study was to assess the sociodemographic profile, morbidity pattern, and quality of life (QOL) among the geriatric population living in the urban field practice of a Medical College in Kolkata. Methodology: A community-based study was designed to study the morbidity pattern and QOL of elderly residing in the urban field practice of Medical College in Kolkata. As per availability and feasibility, a total of 247 geriatric people were interviewed by visiting house to house. To assess the QOL of elderly people, the World Health Organization BREF questionnaire was used for the study. It consists of physical, psychological, environmental, and social relationship domains. Results: The mean QOL score varied significantly with religion in psychological, social, and environmental health domains, with age in physical, social, and environmental health domains with the type of family in physical and psychological health domains and with marital status in the social relationship domain. Conclusion: The present study revealed that hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common morbidities among the elderly study participants, occurring more commonly in females than in males. Among the four domains, the mean QOL score was maximum in the social relationship domain.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"62 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49373743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21276/obgyn.2022.8.2.5
Suhail Rafiq, Sheema Posh, Irtifa Jeelani, M. Dar, S. Tang
Background: Despite maternal iron deficiency anemia being a worldwide medical complication, very few studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of iron supplementations for treating and preventing adverse pregnancy sequelae. This study attempts to show the impact of maternal iron deficiency anemia on the mother and the fetus and whether treatment can reverse the physiological and pathological effects of anemia on the mother as well as the fetus. Objective: To evaluate the effect of vascular adaptation and extent of compensatory changes in the fetus with the change in maternal hemoglobin (Hb) levels and to study maternal and perinatal outcomes after treatment of maternal iron deficiency anemia. Methodology: The present study was an observational prospective study conducted on 50 pregnant women in GMC, Srinagar from January 2016 to June 2017. The study population was divided into two groups-Group A-Patients with moderate anemia – Hb 7–9 g/dl and Group B-Patients with severe anemia – Hb <7 g/dl. Group A received parenteral iron preparation and Group B received blood transfusion or packed red blood cells until Hb exceeded 7 g/dL, then parenteral iron was used. Maternal Hb and color Doppler were performed before and after treatment of anemia. Results: There was a decrease in the umbilical artery resistivity index (RI) after treatment of maternal anemia in both the groups and the decrease was more in those who received blood transfusion. There was an improvement in middle cerebral artery RI in both the groups after treatment and the increase was statistically significant. The C/U ratio was normalized to >1.1 in both the study groups after treatment of anemia. Conclusion: Our data support the fact that maternal Hb content of <7 g/dl is strongly associated with marked fetal hemodynamic adaptation and must be treated with acute red cell transfusion. Moderate anemia (>7 g/dl) is not sufficient to trigger fetal blood flow redistribution and can be treated with parenteral iron. Close monitoring of the fetal umbilical and cerebral circulation by Doppler examination in anemic pregnancies allows the measurement of the amplitude of fetal vascular response, early assessment of fetal damage and helps in improving fetal outcome as well.
{"title":"A study of fetal umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery doppler velocimetry before and after treatment of severe maternal iron deficiency anaemia","authors":"Suhail Rafiq, Sheema Posh, Irtifa Jeelani, M. Dar, S. Tang","doi":"10.21276/obgyn.2022.8.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/obgyn.2022.8.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite maternal iron deficiency anemia being a worldwide medical complication, very few studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of iron supplementations for treating and preventing adverse pregnancy sequelae. This study attempts to show the impact of maternal iron deficiency anemia on the mother and the fetus and whether treatment can reverse the physiological and pathological effects of anemia on the mother as well as the fetus. Objective: To evaluate the effect of vascular adaptation and extent of compensatory changes in the fetus with the change in maternal hemoglobin (Hb) levels and to study maternal and perinatal outcomes after treatment of maternal iron deficiency anemia. Methodology: The present study was an observational prospective study conducted on 50 pregnant women in GMC, Srinagar from January 2016 to June 2017. The study population was divided into two groups-Group A-Patients with moderate anemia – Hb 7–9 g/dl and Group B-Patients with severe anemia – Hb <7 g/dl. Group A received parenteral iron preparation and Group B received blood transfusion or packed red blood cells until Hb exceeded 7 g/dL, then parenteral iron was used. Maternal Hb and color Doppler were performed before and after treatment of anemia. Results: There was a decrease in the umbilical artery resistivity index (RI) after treatment of maternal anemia in both the groups and the decrease was more in those who received blood transfusion. There was an improvement in middle cerebral artery RI in both the groups after treatment and the increase was statistically significant. The C/U ratio was normalized to >1.1 in both the study groups after treatment of anemia. Conclusion: Our data support the fact that maternal Hb content of <7 g/dl is strongly associated with marked fetal hemodynamic adaptation and must be treated with acute red cell transfusion. Moderate anemia (>7 g/dl) is not sufficient to trigger fetal blood flow redistribution and can be treated with parenteral iron. Close monitoring of the fetal umbilical and cerebral circulation by Doppler examination in anemic pregnancies allows the measurement of the amplitude of fetal vascular response, early assessment of fetal damage and helps in improving fetal outcome as well.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"35 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45770182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_107_20
Insha Khan, Anchal Gupta, M. Ilyas
Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the sensitivity and specificity of T2 shading and T2 dark spot sign in the diagnosis of endometriotic cysts. Materials and Methods: The present study evaluated adnexal hemorrhagic lesions without solid component investigated using sonography and 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging machine for the presence of T2 shading and T2 dark spot sign and their statistical value in the diagnosis of endometriotic cysts. The final study included 64 patients. Results: The T2 shading sign had the sensitivity and specificity of 85.71% and 37.5%, respectively. The T2 dark spot sign had the sensitivity and specificity of 76.79% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: T2 shading sign is highly sensitive for the diagnosis of endometriotic cysts, whereas the T2 dark spot sign is highly specific for the diagnosis of endometriotic cysts. T2 shading sign has low specificity and T2 dark spot sign has low sensitivity.
{"title":"T2 shading and T2 dark spot sign in the diagnosis of endometriotic cysts: A prospective study","authors":"Insha Khan, Anchal Gupta, M. Ilyas","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_107_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_107_20","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the sensitivity and specificity of T2 shading and T2 dark spot sign in the diagnosis of endometriotic cysts. Materials and Methods: The present study evaluated adnexal hemorrhagic lesions without solid component investigated using sonography and 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging machine for the presence of T2 shading and T2 dark spot sign and their statistical value in the diagnosis of endometriotic cysts. The final study included 64 patients. Results: The T2 shading sign had the sensitivity and specificity of 85.71% and 37.5%, respectively. The T2 dark spot sign had the sensitivity and specificity of 76.79% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: T2 shading sign is highly sensitive for the diagnosis of endometriotic cysts, whereas the T2 dark spot sign is highly specific for the diagnosis of endometriotic cysts. T2 shading sign has low specificity and T2 dark spot sign has low sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"31 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48933607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nishita Rana, Namita Singh, Shaila Shamsher, Abi M Thomas
Introduction: Child abuse is an increasing social problem with serious lifetime impact. Almost half of the violence cases affect the head-and-neck region, so dentists can play a proactive role in identifying and reporting possible cases of child abuse. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude about physical and social indicators, legal aspects, and barriers in reporting mechanisms toward child abuse among dentists in Ludhiana city. Methodology: With prior consent, a self-administered structured questionnaire comprising 21 questions was distributed to 100 state-registered dentists of Ludhiana city. The data collected were descriptively analyzed using Pearson Chi-square test. Results: A total of 92 dentists responded to the questionnaire, with a response rate of 92%. Among them, 43% were females, while males were 57% and 64.4% of dentists were specialists, out of which 21% were pedodontists. A moderate proportion of the dentists (68%) had knowledge about indicators. The knowledge of indicators was more among pedodontists. However, no significant difference was seen between other respondents and pedodontists. Almost 79% knew their legal duty to report the suspected case. Forty percent of the dentist had encountered with child abuse cases with a significant difference among pedodontists when compared to other respondents, but only 23% reported a case. Fear of litigation, lack of referral knowledge, and uncertainty of diagnosis were major barriers in reporting. Ninety-two percent showed a positive attitude for further training in identification and reporting mechanisms for suspected cases. Conclusion: The respondent dentists had moderate knowledge regarding child abuse, positive attitude toward dealing with child abuse, but they were diffident and unaware of the appropriate authority to report. Considering this fact, a systematic educational program in diagnosis and reporting of child abuse is advised to provide adequate knowledge than lecture-based learning.
{"title":"Child Abuse: Should we have conscious awareness? A study to assess cognizance of dentists concerning child abuse in Ludhiana City","authors":"Nishita Rana, Namita Singh, Shaila Shamsher, Abi M Thomas","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_5_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_5_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Child abuse is an increasing social problem with serious lifetime impact. Almost half of the violence cases affect the head-and-neck region, so dentists can play a proactive role in identifying and reporting possible cases of child abuse. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude about physical and social indicators, legal aspects, and barriers in reporting mechanisms toward child abuse among dentists in Ludhiana city. Methodology: With prior consent, a self-administered structured questionnaire comprising 21 questions was distributed to 100 state-registered dentists of Ludhiana city. The data collected were descriptively analyzed using Pearson Chi-square test. Results: A total of 92 dentists responded to the questionnaire, with a response rate of 92%. Among them, 43% were females, while males were 57% and 64.4% of dentists were specialists, out of which 21% were pedodontists. A moderate proportion of the dentists (68%) had knowledge about indicators. The knowledge of indicators was more among pedodontists. However, no significant difference was seen between other respondents and pedodontists. Almost 79% knew their legal duty to report the suspected case. Forty percent of the dentist had encountered with child abuse cases with a significant difference among pedodontists when compared to other respondents, but only 23% reported a case. Fear of litigation, lack of referral knowledge, and uncertainty of diagnosis were major barriers in reporting. Ninety-two percent showed a positive attitude for further training in identification and reporting mechanisms for suspected cases. Conclusion: The respondent dentists had moderate knowledge regarding child abuse, positive attitude toward dealing with child abuse, but they were diffident and unaware of the appropriate authority to report. Considering this fact, a systematic educational program in diagnosis and reporting of child abuse is advised to provide adequate knowledge than lecture-based learning.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"83 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42397603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: India has diverse dietary culture where salt and spices are used extensively, but up-to-date figures on population salt consumption are very limited. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the perception and practices of females doing household cooking regarding extra salt consumption and to have a rural–urban comparison on a specified population. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 homemakers residing in a rural and urban (Madhupur, Sepahijala district and Dukli, West Tripura district, respectively) area of Tripura for a period of 6 months. A predesigned, pretested, semi-structured interview schedule divided into two parts was used to collect the required information, and scores were given for each response regarding perception and practice of the participants. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 38.48 ± 14.063 years and 37.30 ± 12.087 years, respectively, for rural and urban areas, and both the populations were comparable in their baseline characteristics. Majority of the participants believed recommended daily salt consumption per person daily was >5–10 g (62.9% of rural and 59.6% of the urban participants) which was too high, and significant difference (P value 0.002) was found in practice regarding extra salt consumption among rural and urban participants. Conclusion: This study revealed good perception and significantly better practice regarding extra salt consumption among the urban population. Social caste in the rural population and socioeconomic status in both the study groups were the factors responsible for extra salt consumption in this study.
印度有多样化的饮食文化，盐和香料被广泛使用，但最新的人口盐消费数据非常有限。目的:本研究的目的是评估女性家庭烹饪对额外盐消耗的看法和做法，并对特定人群进行城乡比较。材料与方法:对居住在特里普拉邦农村和城市地区(分别为Madhupur, Sepahijala区和Dukli, West Tripura区)的480名家庭主妇进行了为期6个月的社区横断面研究。一个预先设计，预先测试，半结构化的访谈时间表分为两个部分，用于收集所需的信息，并对参与者的感知和实践的每个回答给出分数。结果:调查对象的平均年龄分别为38.48±14.063岁和37.30±12.087岁，农村和城市人群的基线特征具有可比性。大多数参与者认为推荐的每人每日食盐摄取量为5 ~ 10 g(62.9%的农村参与者和59.6%的城市参与者)过高，实践中农村和城市参与者的额外食盐摄取量存在显著差异(P值为0.002)。结论:本研究揭示了城市人口对额外盐消费的良好认知和明显更好的实践。在这项研究中，农村人口的社会种姓和两个研究组的社会经济地位是造成额外盐摄入量的因素。
{"title":"Perception and practices of homemakers regarding extra salt consumption in tripura: A rural versus urban comparison","authors":"A. Datta, N. Karmakar, K. Nag, P. Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_91_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_91_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: India has diverse dietary culture where salt and spices are used extensively, but up-to-date figures on population salt consumption are very limited. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the perception and practices of females doing household cooking regarding extra salt consumption and to have a rural–urban comparison on a specified population. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 homemakers residing in a rural and urban (Madhupur, Sepahijala district and Dukli, West Tripura district, respectively) area of Tripura for a period of 6 months. A predesigned, pretested, semi-structured interview schedule divided into two parts was used to collect the required information, and scores were given for each response regarding perception and practice of the participants. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 38.48 ± 14.063 years and 37.30 ± 12.087 years, respectively, for rural and urban areas, and both the populations were comparable in their baseline characteristics. Majority of the participants believed recommended daily salt consumption per person daily was >5–10 g (62.9% of rural and 59.6% of the urban participants) which was too high, and significant difference (P value 0.002) was found in practice regarding extra salt consumption among rural and urban participants. Conclusion: This study revealed good perception and significantly better practice regarding extra salt consumption among the urban population. Social caste in the rural population and socioeconomic status in both the study groups were the factors responsible for extra salt consumption in this study.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"97 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45972201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gauri Malik, S. Manchanda, Simranjeet Singh, Dheeraj Manchanda
A thorough knowledge of the basic root canal anatomy and its variations is necessary for the successful completion of the endodontic treatment. Maxillary first and second molars usually have three roots and three or four canals (two mesiobuccal canals, one distobuccal, and one palatal canal). The incidence of two palatal roots in maxillary molars is quite a rare dental anatomy. The article reports two palatal roots each in maxillary first and second molars found incidentally in two different cases. These cases provide an evidence of variations in the root canals in the palatal root of maxillary first and second molars. Clinicians should thoroughly examine the pulpal floor and radiographs for the possibility of additional canals.
{"title":"Maxillary first and second molars having unusual palatal root canal morphology with spiral computed tomography findings: Two case reports","authors":"Gauri Malik, S. Manchanda, Simranjeet Singh, Dheeraj Manchanda","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_94_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_94_20","url":null,"abstract":"A thorough knowledge of the basic root canal anatomy and its variations is necessary for the successful completion of the endodontic treatment. Maxillary first and second molars usually have three roots and three or four canals (two mesiobuccal canals, one distobuccal, and one palatal canal). The incidence of two palatal roots in maxillary molars is quite a rare dental anatomy. The article reports two palatal roots each in maxillary first and second molars found incidentally in two different cases. These cases provide an evidence of variations in the root canals in the palatal root of maxillary first and second molars. Clinicians should thoroughly examine the pulpal floor and radiographs for the possibility of additional canals.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"268 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49664100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric cerebral hemiatrophy is a rare entity with widespread etiology. Imaging in form of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in differentiating between the etiologies of hemiatrophy. We describe imaging findings in three different cases of hemiatrophy due to Sturge-Weber syndrome, Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome, and Rasmussen encephalitis.
{"title":"Cerebral hemiatrophy: Case series of three cases","authors":"Suhail Rafiq, M. Dar, O. ashraf, Inayat Ellahi","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_57_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_57_20","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric cerebral hemiatrophy is a rare entity with widespread etiology. Imaging in form of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in differentiating between the etiologies of hemiatrophy. We describe imaging findings in three different cases of hemiatrophy due to Sturge-Weber syndrome, Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome, and Rasmussen encephalitis.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"272 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41694415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_109_20
Ankita Khurana, P. Pawar, A. Mahajan, A. Luther, T. Rajamanickam
The establishment and maintenance of durable and functional access are a top priority in end-stage renal disease patients. The traditional method of treatment of failing arteriovenous fistula has been thrombectomy. Over the recent years, percutaneous methods for thrombus dissolution have become alternate treatment modalities. We would like to report a case series of endovascular fistula salvage.
{"title":"Extending the lifeline of renal failure patients by endovascular fistula salvage","authors":"Ankita Khurana, P. Pawar, A. Mahajan, A. Luther, T. Rajamanickam","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_109_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_109_20","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment and maintenance of durable and functional access are a top priority in end-stage renal disease patients. The traditional method of treatment of failing arteriovenous fistula has been thrombectomy. Over the recent years, percutaneous methods for thrombus dissolution have become alternate treatment modalities. We would like to report a case series of endovascular fistula salvage.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"255 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44615653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease, and severity of disease at presentation decides prognosis and therapeutic options. We aimed to study the clinical characteristics and severity of ALS, and establish a correlation between King's ALS clinical staging and revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) scores. Materials and Methods: All patients with clinically definite ALS presenting to the outpatients clinic of a tertiary care institute in North India were included. Their demographic and risk factor profiles were noted, and patients were categorized according to King's ALS clinical staging and ALSFRS-R scores. Correlations between the two scores were done using appropriate statistical tests. All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 for Macintosh. Results: Sixty-three patients with clinically definite ALS were included; of which 42 (66.7%) were male, with a sex ratio of 2:1. The mean duration of symptoms was 11.9 ± 6.6 months (range 3–24 months). Forty-five patients (71%) had limb-onset, and 18 (29%) had bulbar-onset ALS. The mean ALSFRS-R score was 36.5 ± 6.3 (range 16-48), and the scores were significantly lower in females (33.76 ± 5.60 vs. 37.81 ± 6.31; P = 0.01). On correlating the King's ALS clinical staging and ALSFRS-R scores, we found a score of >41 on ALSFRS-R was predictive of Stage 1, 34–41 of Stage 2, and 16–34 of Stage 3 disease. Conclusions: ALS has a male preponderance, but females present with more severe symptoms. There is a definite correlation between King's ALS clinical Stages 1-3 and ALSFRS-R scores.
{"title":"A Study of the Clinical Characteristics and Severity of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis from North India","authors":"V. Mani, Justin J. Thomas","doi":"10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_67_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_67_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease, and severity of disease at presentation decides prognosis and therapeutic options. We aimed to study the clinical characteristics and severity of ALS, and establish a correlation between King's ALS clinical staging and revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) scores. Materials and Methods: All patients with clinically definite ALS presenting to the outpatients clinic of a tertiary care institute in North India were included. Their demographic and risk factor profiles were noted, and patients were categorized according to King's ALS clinical staging and ALSFRS-R scores. Correlations between the two scores were done using appropriate statistical tests. All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 for Macintosh. Results: Sixty-three patients with clinically definite ALS were included; of which 42 (66.7%) were male, with a sex ratio of 2:1. The mean duration of symptoms was 11.9 ± 6.6 months (range 3–24 months). Forty-five patients (71%) had limb-onset, and 18 (29%) had bulbar-onset ALS. The mean ALSFRS-R score was 36.5 ± 6.3 (range 16-48), and the scores were significantly lower in females (33.76 ± 5.60 vs. 37.81 ± 6.31; P = 0.01). On correlating the King's ALS clinical staging and ALSFRS-R scores, we found a score of >41 on ALSFRS-R was predictive of Stage 1, 34–41 of Stage 2, and 16–34 of Stage 3 disease. Conclusions: ALS has a male preponderance, but females present with more severe symptoms. There is a definite correlation between King's ALS clinical Stages 1-3 and ALSFRS-R scores.","PeriodicalId":10321,"journal":{"name":"CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"232 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43496022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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