Clinical nutrition ESPEN最新文献

{"title":"The anti-obesity effects of postbiotics: A systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical studies","authors":"Maysa Eslami ,&nbsp;Azin Pakmehr ,&nbsp;Farzad Pourghazi ,&nbsp;Atefe Kami ,&nbsp;Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Mohajeri-Tehrani ,&nbsp;Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar ,&nbsp;Bagher Larijani","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The growing prevalence of obesity has become a major concern worldwide, therefore a great number of studies are conducted every day in the field of obesity. Since postbiotics are a newly introduced term, there is not much systematic evidence about their function and impact on obesity. We designed this study to systematically review the effect of different types of postbiotics on obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases up to August 2023. Both human and animal interventional studies that investigated the effects of any type of postbiotic on obesity and obesity-related factors were eligible. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted independently by two researchers. The quality of the studies was appraised using Cochrane and Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE's) risk of bias tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 19373 retrieved studies, finally, 49 studies were included (9 human studies and 40 animal studies). Short-chain fatty acids and heat-killed (inactivated) bacteria were the most used postbiotics. In human clinical trials, inactivated <em>Lactobacillus amylovorus</em> (CP1563), <em>Bifidobacterium animalis</em> subsp. <em>lactis</em> (CECT 8145) and <em>Pediococcus pentosaceus</em> (LP28) were administered orally as postbiotics which improved body composition and anthropometric indices. Animal studies evaluated other types of postbiotics including muramyl dipeptide, cell-free extracts, urolithin A&amp;B, extracellular Vesicles, exopolysaccharides, and surface Layer Proteins, supporting the anti-obesity effects of postbiotics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Postbiotics seem to be a safe intervention and the results were in favor of a reduction in adipogenesis as well as an increase in energy expenditure. Further high-quality studies are required in this relatively new topic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 370-389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Ward's triangle bone mineral density levels and abdominal aortic calcification: Data from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2013–2014","authors":"Mengmeng Wang ,&nbsp;Degang Mo ,&nbsp;Chi Zhou ,&nbsp;Mengqi Guo ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Chen ,&nbsp;Jiachao Xu ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang ,&nbsp;Haichu Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Despite extensive research into the cardiovascular implications of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), there is a scarcity of robust studies exploring its association with Ward's triangle bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate this relationship in a nationally representative sample and compare the predictive value with femoral neck BMD and total femur BMD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, utilizing a complex, stratified, multistage, cluster sampling design. BMD measurements at Ward's triangle, femoral neck, and total femur were assessed using DXA scans. AAC severity was defined by a Kauppila score of ≥5. Predictors of AAC-24 scores were identified through correlation and linear regression models. Stratified regression and restricted cubic splines were applied to explore subgroup and dose–response relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 2965 participants representing 116, 562, 500 individuals in the U.S., 11 % had severe AAC. Ward's triangle BMD showed a significant negative association with AAC-24 scores (β = −1.90, 95 % CI: −2.80 to −1.00, P &lt; 0.002) and a reduced risk of severe AAC (OR = 0.85, 95 % CI: 0.76 to 0.95, P = 0.010). Non-linear associations were observed between Ward's triangle BMD and AAC outcomes. Ward's triangle BMD outperformed femoral neck and total femur BMD in predicting AAC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher Ward's triangle BMD is linked to lower odds of severe AAC, highlighting its potential for improved early detection of AAC over femoral neck and total femur BMD. Healthcare providers should consider the implications of reduced Ward's triangle BMD for systemic atherosclerosis and recommend early AAC screening for enhanced cardiovascular risk management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 344-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The post ICU trajectory: Post acute and post ICU nutritional care","authors":"Pierre Singer","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ICU survivors are growing but a persistent physical and mental disability may occur. The patients discharged from ICU are frequently malnourished and their medical nutritional support is impaired by oral intake limitation due to respiratory support such as non invasive ventilation or high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, dysphagia and difficulties to determine energy and protein targets. ICU acquired weakness must be recognized and could be minimized by better energy intake determined by indirect calorimetry, optimal protein intake and physical activity. Early physical activity has become a pivotal element of the improvement of the physical and cognitive condition in the post ICU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 441-446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: Comment on “effects of probiotics on sleep parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis\"","authors":"Rachana Mehta,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Balaraman,&nbsp;Muhammed Shabil,&nbsp;Sanjit Sah","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 332-333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underpowered studies in muscle metabolism research: Determinants and considerations","authors":"Dion C.J. Houtvast ,&nbsp;Milan W. Betz ,&nbsp;Bas Van Hooren ,&nbsp;Sophie Vanbelle ,&nbsp;Lex B. Verdijk ,&nbsp;Luc J.C. van Loon ,&nbsp;Jorn Trommelen","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomedical research frequently employs null hypothesis testing to determine whether an observed difference in a sample is likely to exist in the broader population. Null hypothesis testing generally assumes that differences between groups or interventions are non-existent, unless proven otherwise. Because biomedical studies with human subjects are often limited by financial and logistical resources, they tend to have low statistical power, i.e. a low probability of statistically confirming a true difference. As a result, small but potentially clinically important differences may be overseen or ignored simply due to the absence of a statistically significant difference. This absence is often misinterpreted as ‘equivalence’ of treatments. In this educational paper, we will use practical examples related to the effects of exercise and nutrition on muscle protein metabolism to illustrate the most important determinants of statistical power, as well as their implications for both investigators and readers of scientific articles.</div><div>Changes in muscle mass occur at a relatively slow rate, making it practically challenging to detect differences between treatment groups in a long-term setting. One way to make it ‘easier’ to differentiate between groups and hence increase statistical power is to have a sufficiently long study duration to allow treatment effects to become apparent. This is especially relevant when comparing treatments with relatively small expected differences such as the effect of modest changes in daily protein intake. Secondly, one could try to minimize the variance and response heterogeneity within groups, for example by using strict inclusion criteria and standardization protocols (e.g., meal provision), by using cross-over designs, or even within-subject designs where two interventions are compared simultaneously (e.g., studying an exercised limb vs a contralateral control limb) although this might limit the generalizability of the findings (e.g. such single-limb exercise training is not common in practice). In terms of data interpretation, investigators should obviously refrain from drawing strong conclusions from underpowered studies. Yet, such studies still provide valuable data for meta-analyses. Finally, because muscle protein synthesis rates are highly responsive to anabolic stimuli, acute metabolic studies are more sensitive to detect potentially clinically relevant differences in the anabolic response between treatments. Apart from further elaborating on these topics, this educational article encourages readers to more critically question null findings and scientists to more clearly discuss limitations that may have compromised statistical power.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 334-343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A descriptive analysis of individually compounded home parenteral nutrition prescriptions provided to adults with chronic intestinal failure","authors":"Melanie Baker ,&nbsp;Mark Hann ,&nbsp;Simon Lal ,&nbsp;Sorrel Burden","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) prescriptions should be tailored to a patient's nutritional requirements and comprise of individually compounded regimens (IC-HPN) or standard licensed multi-chamber bags (MCB). There is a paucity of research exploring factors associated with admixture type. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient composition of adult IC-HPN prescriptions and variance in nutrient dosing, make comparisons with the range of MCB available and dosing recommendations stated in international guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional observational study analysed anonymised prescription data for adults under the care of a single home care company in England, commencing IC-HPN after January 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 155 patient prescriptions (245 HPN bags) included, with body weight available in 82 (52.9 %) cases. Data were reported for each HPN bag, and summarised as an average daily amount, considering the number of different HPN bags and their daily frequency per patient prescription.</div><div>A vast range of nutrients were prescribed, with variance in dosing highest for lipid, phosphate, and calcium; with coefficient of variance of 106 %, 74 % and 67 %, respectively. One-hundred-thirty-four (54.7 %) bags contained lipid, resulting in variable ratios of lipid to aqueous bags provided weekly.</div><div>Negligible amounts of at least one electrolyte were prescribed in 93 (38.0 %) bags, of which 52 (21.2 %) contained ≤2 mmol calcium. Compared with MCB (65 bags), IC-HPN bags contained higher amounts of all nutrients, apart from nitrogen and phosphate. Mean sodium intake differed substantially between types of bags (IC-HPN 187.5, SD 100.1 mmol versus MCB 49.1, SD 31.7 mmol, p &lt; 0.001). A substantial number of patients received HPN dosages beyond guideline recommendations, with higher amounts of sodium and fluid provided in 41 (50.0 %) cases; conversely, lower than recommended dosages were seen in 55 (67.1 %) for potassium and 61 (74.4 %) for calcium.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study has demonstrated vast variance in IC-HPN parenteral nutrient dosing, with minimal or an omission of at least one nutrient seen. Further research is needed to explore factors that influence usage of IC-HPN, clinical reasons related to lipid dosing and around the variation in doses prescribed outside of guideline recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 324-331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “A pilot randomized controlled trial of a telenutrition weight loss program supported with telemonitoring and health coaching in overweight and obese adults” [Clin Nutr ESPEN 63 (2024) 1312–1322]","authors":"N. Eid ,&nbsp;R. Mosli ,&nbsp;S. Enani ,&nbsp;R. Saqr ,&nbsp;E. Al-ofi ,&nbsp;K. Qutah ,&nbsp;S. Eid","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Page 236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition in phenylketonuria","authors":"Saeedeh Talebi ,&nbsp;Peyman Eshraghi","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.09.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.09.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic metabolic disease resulting from a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This defect prevents the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, and as a result, the level of phenylalanine in the body increases abnormally. The accumulation of this amino acid may cause brain damage and grows development in these patients.</div><div>The primary approach to treating the disease involves dietary management that restricts protein and phenylalanine intake, often alongside Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) supplementation. Medical foods specifically formulated for these patients are utilized to supply the necessary energy, protein, and tyrosine. Other treatment options, including the use of large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) and the enzyme Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), can be utilized to manage symptoms in adult patients. Advancements in gene therapy aimed at correcting defective genes in patients may help restore phenylalanine metabolism, though further research in this area is necessary. Effective personal management of phenylketonuria necessitates enhanced knowledge and collaboration among healthcare professionals to achieve optimal treatment outcomes for patients. This article emphasis the nutritional management of individuals with phenylketonuria across various stages of their lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 307-313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor oral status at stroke onset negatively affects activities of daily living at discharge: A propensity-score analysis","authors":"Takuma Mogamiya ,&nbsp;Yuki Ohshima ,&nbsp;Hiromasa Takashima ,&nbsp;Shinya Matsushima ,&nbsp;Takuma Watanabe ,&nbsp;Misako Mori ,&nbsp;Yuta Hagiwara ,&nbsp;Hidetaka Onodera","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Poor oral status during stroke recovery can cause malnutrition, which can markedly affect activities of daily living and prevent patients from being discharged home. Therefore, prompt evaluation and treatment of oral disorders immediately after stroke is essential. This study aimed to examine the impact of poor oral status on the post-stroke recovery of independence in activities of daily living and home discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-center retrospective observational study included 137 patients with acute stroke, divided into two groups based on their Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) scores: the normal OAG group (score = 8) and the impaired OAG group (scores ≥9). Propensity-score matching was performed to minimize confounding variables. The χ2 test and odds ratios were used to compare the percentage of independence and home discharges between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The normal and impaired OAG groups exhibited no difference in neurological severity or nutritional intake after matching. The percentage of patients achieving independence in activities of daily living in the normal OAG group (86.8 %) was significantly higher than that in the impaired OAG group (65.8 %) (p = 0.03, odds ratio [OR] 0.29, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.92). Conversely, no significant difference in the percentage of patients discharged home was found (p = 0.15, OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.19–1.29).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study found that poor oral status after stroke onset was an independent factor affecting independence in activities of daily living at discharge, irrespective of neurological severity and dietary intake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 237-243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrigenomics-guided lifestyle intervention programmes: A critical scoping review with directions for future research","authors":"Saba Aljasir ,&nbsp;Noura M.S. Eid ,&nbsp;Emanuela V. Volpi ,&nbsp;Ihab Tewfik","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetic testing is increasingly used in clinical practice to provide personalized information and recommendations about health risks and lifestyle habits at a relatively low cost. Research on the effectiveness of nutrigenomics-guided lifestyle interventions is growing. A scoping review approach was adopted to identify pertinent published studies on nutrigenomics-guided intervention programmes from 2007 to 2023. The review shows that despite the growing interest in nutrigenomics-guided lifestyle interventions, there are still few empirically supported studies, primarily based on developed countries. Furthermore, the findings on the impact of personalised genetic advice are mixed, leaving the field unclear. Existing studies have some empirical strength, contributing to further understanding of the relationship between food and gene expression. However, some limitations that affect the robustness of findings exist, such as a small sample size, insufficient monitoring of the data collection process, and a short follow-up period. Future research needs to address reliability concerns and provide more robust practical evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 296-306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}