Clinical nutrition ESPEN最新文献

{"title":"Metabolomics: Unveiling biological matrices in precision nutrition and health","authors":"Bruna Lima Chechin Catussi ,&nbsp;Edson Guimarães Lo Turco ,&nbsp;Dirceu Mendes Pereira ,&nbsp;Rafael Matheus Nunes Teixeira ,&nbsp;Bárbara Prestes Castro ,&nbsp;Irineu Francisco Delfino Massaia","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precision nutrition, an expanding field at the intersection of nutrition science and personalized medicine, is rapidly evolving with metabolomics integration. Metabolomics, facilitated by advanced technologies like mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, facilitates comprehensive profiling of metabolites across diverse biological samples. From the perspective of health care systems, precision nutrition gains relevance due to the substantial impact of prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) on societal well-being, which is directly linked with dietary habits and eating behavior. Furthermore, biomarker products derived from metabolomics have been utilized in Europe, the USA, and Brazil to understand metabolic dysregulations and tailor diets accordingly. Despite its burgeoning status, metabolomics holds great potential in revolutionizing nutritional science, particularly with the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, offering novel insights into personalized dietary interventions and disease prediction. This narrative review emphasizes the transformative impact of metabolomics in precision and delineates avenues for future research and application, paving the way for a more tailored and practical approach to nutrition management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 314-323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between nutritional status assessed by body mass index and Crohn's disease phenotype: A Nation-wide analysis","authors":"Judwin Ndzo ,&nbsp;Sudheer K. Vuyyuru ,&nbsp;Thomas Trimble ,&nbsp;Kaung Yan ,&nbsp;Grazziela Figueredo ,&nbsp;Gordon W. Moran","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.09.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.09.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Incidence of obesity and Crohn's disease (CD) is increasing globally. Therefore, understanding any associations between adiposity and disease phenotype is crucial. We aimed explore the relationship between nutritional status measured by body mass index (BMI) and phenotypes of CD using a large national recallable data set.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using National Institute for Health and Care Research-IBD Bioresource data base, we retrospectively assessed the relationship between BMI and stenosing CD by logistic regression. BMI was the primary variable of interest; CD behaviour was the dependent variable; stenosing CD was the primary outcome. Confounders were adjusted for in a multivariate model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>8797 patients diagnosed between 1942 and 2020 were included. Mean overall BMI was 26.3 kg/m² (SD5.5). 52.7 % had a BMI ≥25 kg/m² (mean 30.2 kg/m², SD 4.5). Majority had inflammatory CD (62.9 %) followed by stenosing (25.1 %) and penetrating CD (12 %). Stenosing and penetrating phenotypes were more common in the &lt;25 kg/m² BMI group (50.7 %, 50.3 % respectively) p &lt; 0.001. Colonic disease location was more common (27.8 % vs 24.3 %, p = 0.001) in patients with high BMI. On univariate analysis, stenosing disease was positively associated with ileal disease location, disease duration, previous surgery, use of infliximab, ustekinumab, vedolizumab, adalimumab and azathioprine but negatively associated with BMI (OR 0.98, 95%CI [0.968–0.99]). On multivariate analyses, BMI remained negatively associated with stenosing CD (OR 0.98, 95%CI [0.97–0.99]); ileal disease location (OR 3.69, 95%CI [3.22–4.24]), adalimumab (OR 1.47, 95%CI [1.30–1.66]), ustekinumab usage (OR 1.51, 95%CI [1.14–2.01] and azathioprine (OR 1.35, 95%CI [1.19–1.53]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>After multivariate analyses, BMI, ileal disease location and biologic use was negatively associated with a stenosing disease phenotype. This might reflect a change in eating behaviour due to persistent postprandial symptoms related to stenosing disease. Large longitudinal studies are needed to investigate any possible temporal relationship between the obesogenic state and intestinal fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 290-295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of vitamin D with functional cure in chronic hepatitis B: Insights from a retrospective cohort study and an intervention study","authors":"Peipei Wang ,&nbsp;Junjian Chen ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Li ,&nbsp;Husheng Xiong ,&nbsp;Ziying Lei ,&nbsp;Dabiao Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Gao ,&nbsp;Zhishuo Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aim</h3><div>Functional cure for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients can be achieved using nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) and pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFNα) combination treatment. However, the role of vitamin D in functional cure remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and functional cure in CHB patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted to detect changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in 526 CHB patients. Furthermore, an intervention study was conducted on 90 CHB patients with baseline vitamin D insufficiency, and 45 patients were randomly assigned to the control group receiving NAs/Peg-IFNα treatment, whereas the remaining patients were categorized into the vitamin D group (VD group) receiving NAs/Peg-IFNα treatment combined with vitamin D supplementation at 800 IU/day.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A retrospective study revealed a progressive elevation in serum 25(OH)D levels throughout the duration of treatment. The cured group displayed significantly higher serum 25(OH)D levels than the uncured group (<em>P</em> = 0.046) at the end of treatment, and the changes in serum 25(OH)D (Δ25(OH)D) levels between the two groups were found to be significantly different (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). In the intervention study, the VD group tended to have an increased functional cure rate (48.0 %) compared with the control group (34.3 %) in the binary logistic regression equation analysis (<em>P</em> = 0.09). Notably, a linear mixed-effects model in the longitudinal analysis indicated a significant impact of serum 25(OH)D levels on treatment outcomes (<em>P</em> = 0.017).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Serum 25(OH)D and Δ25(OH)D were both positively associated with functional cure in this retrospective study, and vitamin D supplementation may be helpful for functional cure in CHB patients.</div></div><div><h3>Registration number of clinical trial</h3><div>ChiCTR1800020108.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 244-252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Omega-3 supplementation and fish oil on preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mojgan Rajati ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Rajati ,&nbsp;Maryam Chegeni ,&nbsp;Roumina Rasulehvandi ,&nbsp;Mohsen Rezaei ,&nbsp;Maryam Ganjabi ,&nbsp;Mohsen Kazeminia","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preeclampsia is a type of hypertension disorder characterized by symptoms of damage to other organs. The effect of omega-3 supplementation and fish oil on preeclampsia has been studied several times over the years. Therefore, due to the importance of the subject and the inconsistency of the results of the studies, the present research aimed to estimate the effect of omega-3 supplementation and fish oil on preeclampsia by systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines from 1990 to February 2022. A systematic literature review was conducted in MagIran, SID, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) databases and Google Scholar motor engine using related MeSH/Emtree terms, which were combined with free text word. The heterogeneity of the studies was addressed using <em>I</em>² index and publication bias was assessed using Egger's regression intercept.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The initial systematic literature search retrieved 12095 studies, of which 16 articles with a sample size of 8004 subjects in the intervention group and 8233 in the control group were finally included in the meta-analysis after excluding irrelevant studies. As a result of combining primary studies, the risk ratio of the frequency of total preeclampsia (mild and severe) was obtained (RR: 0.63; 95 % CI, 0.41–0.95, <em>P</em> = 0.027) in the intervention group compared to the control group and risk ratio of the frequency of severe preeclampsia was calculated (RR: 0.45; 95 % CI, 0.24–0.83, <em>P</em> = 0.011) in the intervention group compared to the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on the results of the present study, the consumption of omega-3 supplementation and fish oil significantly reduces the risk of developing preeclampsia. Therefore, it seems that omega-3 supplementation and fish oil can be considered in preventing preeclampsia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 274-283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating changes in body composition, bone mass, and metabolic profile in an animal model undergoing transfeminine hormone therapy and physical exercise","authors":"Ísis Gois ,&nbsp;Débora C.K. Lichtenecker ,&nbsp;Nathália Beserra ,&nbsp;Emily Rocha Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Isadora Gonçalves Almeida ,&nbsp;Isabela Borges da Silveira ,&nbsp;João Guimarães Ferreira ,&nbsp;Felipe Behrends Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Charlles Heldan de Moura Castro ,&nbsp;Guiomar Nascimento Gomes ,&nbsp;Magnus R. Dias-da-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is essential for transgender individuals seeking body modifications. For transfeminine people assigned male at birth, GAHT typically involves a combination of antiandrogens and estrogens. Despite its importance, the scientific literature presents inconsistencies regarding the effects of these hormones on nutritional status, body composition, and biochemical markers. This study aims to evaluate the impact of estradiol enanthate and dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide (E2EN/DHPA) hormonal treatment, in conjunction with resistive physical exercise, on body composition and metabolic profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-eight male rats were divided into three groups: MO (control group, n = 8), receiving sesame oil vehicle; MH (n = 11), receiving E2EN/DHPA; and MEH (n = 9), receiving E2EN/DHPA along with physical exercise. The hormonal treatment was administered every ten days for two months, while the exercise regimen involved stair climbing with progressively increasing weights, performed five times weekly for seven weeks. Evaluated parameters included body mass index (BMI), body composition (fat and lean mass), bone mineral density (BMD), and lipid profile (triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The rats that received E2EN/DHPA showed significant changes in body composition and BMI, regardless of exercise. The MH group had increased body fat, while both the MH and MEH groups had decreased bone area and mineral content. However, BMD remained the same across all groups. Elevated triglyceride levels were observed, and the MEH group also had reduced LDL-C levels. HDL-C levels did not show significant variation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study's findings show similarities to changes seen in transfeminine individuals undergoing GAHT with estrogen and antiandrogens. These changes include decreased muscle mass, increased body fat, preserved bone mineral density, and elevated triglycerides. The study also found that resistance exercise positively impacted lipid profiles, particularly in reducing LDL-C. These results highlight the need for further research and comparative trials on hormone therapy regimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 284-289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal high-dose docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and neurodevelopment at 5 Years of preterm children","authors":"Sara-Pier Paquet ,&nbsp;Etienne Pronovost ,&nbsp;David Simonyan ,&nbsp;Georges Caouette ,&nbsp;Célia Matte-Gagné ,&nbsp;François Olivier ,&nbsp;Julie Bartholomew ,&nbsp;Alyssa Morin ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Mohamed ,&nbsp;Isabelle Marc ,&nbsp;Mireille Guillot","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.09.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.09.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid in the brain and is accumulated by the fetal brain during the last trimester of pregnancy. Our objective was to determine whether high-dose DHA supplementation during the neonatal period, vs. placebo, improves behavioral functioning at 5 years in children born very preterm.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a follow-up at 5 years corrected age of a subset of children who participated in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. The participants received a high-dose DHA supplementation, or a placebo, through maternal breastmilk until 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age. Primary outcome was child behavioral functioning, assessed by the Total Difficulties Score from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Secondary outcomes included behavioral scores from the SDQ, executive functions assessment and global developmental performance. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed through interviews with parents. Mean differences between DHA and placebo groups were estimated using mixed linear models. Subgroup analyses were conducted for sex and gestational age (GA) at birth.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 177 eligible children, 132 (74.6 %) completed neurodevelopmental assessment at 5 years (DHA, N = 64, placebo, N = 68). Total Difficulties Score did not differ between the DHA and placebo groups (mean differences, −0.9 [95 % confidence interval, −2.7 to 0.8], P = 0.30), nor any of the secondary outcomes. There was no significant interaction between treatment groups and sex, nor GA, for the primary outcome. However, significant interactions between treatment groups and sex or GA were found for some secondary outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In very preterm infants, high-dose DHA supplementation did not improve behavioral functioning at 5 years.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02371460, <span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02371460</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 253-262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene-diet interactions in carbonated sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and metabolic syndrome risk: A machine learning analysis in a large hospital-based cohort","authors":"Sunmin Park ,&nbsp;Da Sol Kim ,&nbsp;Suna Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages (CSSB) intake has been increasingly linked to metabolic diseases. To investigate the association between CSSB intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk, and the interaction between genetic predisposition to CSSB intake and dietary patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined a hospital-based cohort of 57,940 participants, categorized into low-CSSB (n = 52,848) and high-CSSB (n = 5092) groups based on a 50 ml daily consumption cutoff. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CSSB intake, and SNP-SNP/SNP-environment interactions were explored. Using XGBoost and deep neural network (DNN) approaches, we developed prediction models for CSSB intake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The low- and high-CSSB groups daily consumed an average of 0.56 and 8.91 g sugar from the soda, respectively. The high-CSSB group had unhealthy dietary habits and a lower intake of carotenoids, folate, vitamins C and D, calcium, flavonoids, and phenols than the low-CSSB group, consistent with the results of the prediction models. A polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 6 selected SNPs, linked to genes involved in obesity, diabetes, and nervous system disorders, showed the strongest association with CSSB intake and insulin resistance. Notably, carbohydrate, fat, and Western-style diet (WSD) intake interacted with the PRS, with lower carbohydrate and higher fat and WSD intakes associated with a stronger PRS-sugar intake relationship. The prediction models by XGboost and DNN mainly included dietary factors to explain CSSB intake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A significant interplay between genetic predisposition and poor dietary habits, particularly increased CSSB intake associated with WSD, contributed to MetS risk. It suggested that personalized dietary interventions based on genetic profiles could mitigate MetS risk, especially in populations transitioning to Westernized diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 358-369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional screening on hospital admission and one-year clinical outcomes in a prospective cohort of older patients","authors":"Gianluca Isaia ,&nbsp;Roberto Presta ,&nbsp;Enrico Brunetti ,&nbsp;Clelia Maria Cacciatore ,&nbsp;Francesca Carbonara ,&nbsp;Eleonora Berardo ,&nbsp;Cristina Villosio ,&nbsp;Francesca Cicerchia ,&nbsp;Paolo Mulatero ,&nbsp;Simona Bo ,&nbsp;Mario Bo","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Malnutrition negatively affects the prognosis and quality of life of hospitalized patients. However, there are several gaps between evidence-based knowledge and current clinical practice. Our primary aim was to describe the prevalence of malnutrition risk in a cohort of in a cohort of older inpatients; secondly, we explored its predictors and its independent impact on 12-month survival.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Prospective study focused on patients aged 65 years and older consecutively admitted for any reason to the acute geriatric and general medical units of an Italian university hospital. Comprehensive geriatric assessment data, including the short form of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF), were collected within 48 hours of admission. The prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition according to the MNA-SF represented the main outcome. Correlations among clinical variables, nutritional status, and one-year survival were analyzed using multivariable and Cox models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 594 patients (median age: 84 years, 49.5 % female), mostly living at home with moderate functional autonomy, 82.3 % were identified as probably malnourished or at risk of malnutrition according to MNA-SF (39.9 % and 42.4 %, respectively). Malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition were positively associated with living alone at home (OR 2.803, 95%CI 1.567–5.177, p &lt; 0.001), and negatively associated with autonomy in IADL (OR 0.765, 95%CI 0.688–0.846, p &lt; 0.001) and the best performance at HST (OR 0.901, 95%CI 0.865–0.936; p &lt; 0.001). After 12 months, 31.8 % of patients was dead and mortality was positively correlated with malnutrition according to MNA-SF (OR 2.493, 95%CI 1.345–4.751, p = 0.004), institutionalization (OR 2.815, 95%CI 1.423–5.693, p = 0.003) and severe cognitive impairment (OR 1.701, 95%CI 1.031–2.803, p = 0.036).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Malnutrition is common among older inpatients upon admission, primarily influenced by their functional and cognitive status, and it is linked to a worse prognosis. Early incorporation of thorough nutritional and functional assessments into clinical practice is crucial to improve prognosis prediction and enable timely, focused interventions targeting modifiable causal factors in a patient-centered approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 221-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status and dilemmas of osteoporosis screening tools: A narrative review","authors":"Yuji Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming Ma ,&nbsp;Cong Tian ,&nbsp;Jinmin Liu ,&nbsp;Xingchun Huang ,&nbsp;Zhenkun Duan ,&nbsp;Xianxu Zhang ,&nbsp;Song Sun ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review aims to explore the strengths and dilemmas of existing osteoporosis screening tools and suggest possible ways of optimization, in addition to exploring the potential of AI-integrated X-ray imaging in osteoporosis screening, especially its ability to improve accuracy and applicability to different populations. To break through the dilemma of low accessibility, poor clinical translation, complexity of use, and apparent limitations of screening results of existing osteoporosis screening tools.</div></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. The search included articles published between 2000 and 2023, focusing on studies evaluating osteoporosis screening tools, Artificial intelligence applications in medical imaging, and implementing AI technologies in clinical settings.</div></div><div><h3>Study selection</h3><div>The Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA), the Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimator (SCORE), age, body size, one or no estrogen ever (ABONE), and the Osteoporosis Risk Index (OSIRIS) are the six commonly used screening tools for osteoporosis that are discussed in this review. In addition, the performance of AI-integrated imaging systems is explored in light of relevant research advances in Artificial intelligence in osteoporosis screening. Studies of the use of these tools in different populations and their advantages and disadvantages were included in the selection criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results highlight that AI-integrated X-ray imaging technologies offer significant improvements over traditional osteoporosis screening tools. Artificial intelligence systems demonstrated higher accuracy by incorporating complex clinical data and providing personalized assessments for diverse populations. The studies showed that AI-driven imaging could enhance sensitivity and specificity, particularly in detecting early-stage bone density loss in patients with complex clinical profiles. The findings also suggest that Artificial intelligence technologies have the potential to be effectively applied in resource-limited settings through the use of mobile devices and remote diagnostics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AI-integrated X-ray imaging technology significantly advances osteoporosis screening, offering more accurate and adaptable solutions than traditional tools. Its ability to incorporate complex clinical data and apply it across various demographic groups makes it particularly promising in diverse and resource-limited environments. Further research is needed to explore the full potential of AI in enhancing screening accessibility and effectiveness, particularly in underserved populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 207-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum albumin level is associated with mortality and hospital stays: A real-world data analysis","authors":"Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Juntao Lu ,&nbsp;Fang Shen ,&nbsp;Hua Xie ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Cui ,&nbsp;Renying Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>The value of serum albumin might be underestimated, especially in cancer patients. We thus aimed to evaluate the association between serum albumin level at hospital admission and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, and real-world data analysis. Hospitalized adult patients with malignant cancer were recruited from two tertiary hospitals. Serum level of albumin, which was measured within 24 h after hospital admission, was the exposure. Length of hospital stays (LOS) was the primary and all-cause in-hospital mortality was the secondary outcomes. Other information, including age, sex, types of cancer, history of hypertension and diabetes, surgery, blood routine test, liver and renal function, and dietary intake, were also abstracted from medical records.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total number of 5187 adult patients with cancer (2949 were men and 2238 women; average age 61.6 ± 12.4 years and average albumin 40.3 ± 5.2 g/L) were included. The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia was 12.2 % (634/5187). Older patients, patients with liver injury, anemia, and with high level of WBC were positively, while those with overweight and high level of total triglycerides, were negatively associated with hypoalbuminemia. After adjustment of covariates, hypoalbuminemia was significantly associated with longer LOS in the current study. The increase of 5 g/L in serum level of albumin could result in 1.09 days (95%CI: −1.38, −0.80 days) shorter in LOS. The increase of 5 g/L in serum level of albumin was also associated with 45 % lower in risk of mortality (OR = 0.55; 95 % CI: 0.43, 0.7) after fully adjustment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Serum albumin level at admission was associated with both LOS and mortality in patients with malignant cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"64 ","pages":"Pages 215-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}