Clinical nutrition ESPEN最新文献

{"title":"Novel immune-modulating formula versus standard formula for gastrointestinal cancer patients at risk of malnutrition undergoing surgery: A pilot randomized controlled trial","authors":"Narisorn Lakananurak ,&nbsp;Prok Laosuwan ,&nbsp;Phuphat Vongwattanakit ,&nbsp;Amnad Jittivasurat ,&nbsp;Varanya Techasukthavorn","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Malnutrition is prevalent among gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing surgery. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines recommend 10–14 days of preoperative nutrition therapy for patients at nutritional risk, and perioperative immunonutrition to improve outcomes. However, benefits of preoperative immunonutrients versus standard formulas remain unclear. This study evaluated a novel curcumin-containing immunonutrient formula compared to a standard formula administered for 10–14 days preoperatively in gastrointestinal cancer patients at nutritional risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a randomized, double-blind pilot trial. Patients with Nutrition Risk Score (NRS)2002 ≥ 3 were assigned to receive 2 servings/day (360 kcal, 17 g protein per serving) of either the immunonutrient or standard formula. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured at baseline, preoperative, and postoperative periods. Nutrition outcomes, complications, hospital stay, 30-day readmission, mortality, compliance, and acceptance were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty patients were enrolled (15 per group). Preoperative immunonutrient supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in preoperative hs-CRP concentrations (−4.4 vs. 4.5 mg/L, p = 0.030) and a greater increase in body weight (1.9 vs. 0.3 kg, p = 0.041) compared with the standard formula. No significant differences were observed in postoperative complications, hospital stay, readmission, or mortality. Compliance and acceptance of the novel formula were high, with minimal gastrointestinal adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Preoperative supplementation with the curcumin-containing immunonutrient for 10–14 days reduced preoperative inflammatory response and greater weight gain compared to the standard formula in gastrointestinal cancer patients at nutritional risk. Further studies with larger populations are needed to validate these findings.</div></div><div><h3>Registration number</h3><div>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06825221).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145959052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early supplemental parenteral nutrition shortens ventilation and intensive care unit stay in ICU patients aged ≥60 Years requiring mechanical ventilation: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Feng Tang ,&nbsp;Peng Guo ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Huan Qin ,&nbsp;Huan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the effects of early supplemental parenteral nutrition (E-SPN) on clinical outcomes in older adults Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients receiving mechanical ventilation who failed to meet their nutritional requirements through enteral feeding alone.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), ICU patients aged ≥60 years who achieved &lt;50 % of prescribed energy or protein targets from enteral nutrition (EN) by ICU day 3 were enrolled. EN was initiated within 24 h of ICU admission (prescribed energy target: up to 25 kcal/kg/day based on actual body weight (ABW); protein: 1.2–1.5 g/kg/day) and advanced progressively according to tolerance and metabolic monitoring. Eligible patients were randomized to either the E-SPN group (early supplemental parenteral nutrition, initiated on ICU day 3) or the L-SPN group (late supplemental parenteral nutrition, initiated on ICU day 7).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-two patients completed the study (E-SPN: 45; L-SPN: 47). Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. The E-SPN group achieved significantly higher energy and protein intake than the L-SPN group until day 7 (P &lt; 0.05). By day 10, serum albumin and prealbumin levels and diaphragm thickness and phosphate levels were higher in the E-SPN group (P &lt; 0.05). Early SPN significantly reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation (157.8 ± 54.6 vs. 183.6 ± 61.0 h, P = 0.035) and ICU stay (240 vs. 288 h, P = 0.015), without affecting mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In ICU patients aged ≥60 years at high nutritional risk requiring mechanical ventilation, initiating supplemental PN on ICU day 3 rather than day 7 improved energy and protein delivery, preserved diaphragm thickness, and shortened ventilation and ICU stay, without increasing mortality. These findings support a proactive, individualized nutrition strategy in older adults ICU patients with limited EN tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geriatric nutritional risk and exceptional longevity: Findings from a large-scale population-based study","authors":"Xuhui Liu ,&nbsp;Xujie Wang ,&nbsp;Rongfei Xie ,&nbsp;Qianyue Pan ,&nbsp;Biyun Wang ,&nbsp;Qiao Zhu ,&nbsp;Chunjian Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.102887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.102887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a widely used prognostic marker in elderly populations, but its relevance to exceptional longevity remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study is a cross-sectional analysis using data from 1497 adults aged ≥60 years who participated in the Chinese Healthy Longevity and Mortality Study (CHLMS), a large-scale, population-based study designed to examine the factors influencing exceptional longevity. GNRI was calculated using serum albumin levels and weight-based indices. Multivariable logistic regression models (Models 1–3) were employed to examine the association between GNRI and the probability of reaching age ≥100. Restricted cubic spline and piecewise logistic regression were used to assess nonlinear and threshold effects. Sensitivity analyses included subgroup stratification and categorical transformations of clinical covariates and dietary behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1497 participants, 736 (49.2 %) were aged ≥100 years, with a higher proportion of females (80.0 % vs 59.1 %; p &lt; 0.001). Centenarians had significantly lower GNRI (92 vs 101), BMI (18.0 vs 20.4 kg/m²), and ADL scores (90 vs 100), all p &lt; 0.001. In fully adjusted models, each unit increase in GNRI was associated with an 11 % decrease in the odds of reaching age ≥100 (Model 3 OR = 0.89; 95 % CI, 0.86–0.91; p &lt; 0.001). Centenarian prevalence declined across GNRI quartiles from 79.8 % (Q1) to 20.2 % (Q4). Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a nonlinear association. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this association across various demographic and dietary strata.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In centenarians, lower GNRI is associated with greater odds of exceptional longevity. However, as this is a cross-sectional study, causality cannot be inferred. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore this relationship further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145849048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of soybean oil lipid emulsion on clinical outcomes in critically ill pediatric patients","authors":"Yuki Yamano ,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Shimizu ,&nbsp;Yu Inata ,&nbsp;Takeshi Hatachi ,&nbsp;Yuri Etani","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Lipid emulsions are key components of parenteral nutrition (PN); however, concerns persist that soybean oil–based lipid emulsions may increase the risk of infection and catheter occlusion. In pediatric intensive care settings, evidence on the safety of these emulsions remains limited. This study investigated the impact of soybean oil–based lipid emulsion on central venous catheter–related complications and clinical outcomes in children receiving PN in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a single-center retrospective study of children admitted to the PICU between 2018 and 2023 who underwent PN for &gt;7 days. Patients who received PN before PICU admission were excluded. Of the 4589 PICU admissions, 172 patients were included and divided into two groups based on soybean oil–based lipid emulsion administration: 67 patients received the lipid emulsion, and 105 did not. The primary outcomes were catheter occlusion and central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Secondary outcomes included duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the PICU, and mortality. Catheter-level analysis was also performed to evaluate the complication rates and catheter survival based on lipid emulsion exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the patient level, catheter occlusion occurred in 4.5 % of the lipid emulsion–treated group and 2.9 % of the non-treated group (p = 0.68), whereas CLABSI occurred in 7.5 % of the lipid emulsion–treated group and 3.8 % of the non-treated group (p = 0.31), with no significant differences. In the catheter–level analysis, the incidence of CLABSI per 1000 catheter–days was 2.69 in the treated group and 1.40 in the non-treated group (p = 0.30). No significant differences were observed in catheter survival or complication rates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Soybean oil–based lipid emulsions administered via a central venous catheter did not increase the risk of catheter occlusion nor of CLABSI in critically ill pediatric patients. These findings support the safe use of soybean oil–based intravenous lipid emulsions in PICUs when enteral nutrition is not feasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102907"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145942792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic differences in thiamine status persist after adjusting for diet; findings from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey","authors":"Albert Koulman ,&nbsp;Kerry S. Jones ,&nbsp;David Collins ,&nbsp;Damon Parkington ,&nbsp;Birdem Amoutzopoulos ,&nbsp;Polly Page ,&nbsp;Nita G. Forouhi","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.102893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.102893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><div>Thiamine (vitamin B1) status might play a role in cognition and mental health. Recent research suggests that there are ethnic differences in thiamine status. We aimed to test the hypothesis that black individuals have a higher risk of thiamine deficiency than white individuals, based on the erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient (ETKAC), and assess differences in thiamine intake, using nutritional survey data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used the published data of the UK's National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling programme (2008–2019) and examined differences in the ETKAC between ethnicities and risk of thiamine deficiency (ETKAC &gt;1.25). We also used dietary data to determine differences in thiamine intake between ethnic groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Within the NDNS 2008–2019 ETKAC measurements were available for 5657 participants (5170 white, 92 black, 228 Asian, 93 mixed and 74 other ethnic groups). The median ETKAC of black participants was higher (1.15 (0.08) median (IQR)) than white (1.10 (0.07)) or Asian (1.12 (0.08)), indicating poorer thiamine status among black participants. The prevalence of thiamine deficiency was 5 % among black participants, being greater than among white (0.5 %) and Asian participants (1.3 %). This was independent of age, sex, body composition and socio-economic status. Dietary assessment data suggested that thiamine intake was on average lower for black participants compared to white or Asian participants Including dietary intake into the model was not sufficient to correct for the ethnic difference in thiamine status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study suggests that there are ethnic differences in thiamine status that cannot be readily explained by intake alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of adipose tissue activity in cervical regions with weight loss and prognostic survival in gastric cancer patients","authors":"Jun Han ,&nbsp;Diya Sun ,&nbsp;Qifeng Yao ,&nbsp;Qiulei Xi ,&nbsp;Shanjun Tan ,&nbsp;Hongyan Yin ,&nbsp;Guohao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.102901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.102901","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;With the application of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in recent years, studies have found that brown adipose tissue is not only present in infants and hibernating mammals but also persists in the neck regions of adults. Cancer-associated cachexia, a complex metabolic syndrome, is characterized by adipose tissue loss and heightened metabolic activity. Despite the profound impact of cachexia on patient outcomes, research into the metabolic dynamics of brown adipose tissue has been sparse. The objective of this study is to quantify the metabolic activity of adipose tissue in the neck regions of gastric cancer patients using PET-CT and to elucidate the relationship between adipose tissue metabolic activity and cachexia, along with its potential predictive value for survival outcomes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We collected PET-CT imaging data and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) standardized uptake values from the nuchal adipose tissue of 310 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. Concurrently, we gathered clinical data from these patients to facilitate a thorough analysis. The t-test was employed to evaluate the FDG uptake differences in nuchal adipose tissue between gastric cancer patients exhibiting cancer cachexia or not. The correlation between FDG uptake of nuchal adipose tissue and clinical indicators, along with weight loss and nutritional status, was further analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox Proportional Hazards Model were employed to clarify the survival of gastric cancer patients in different FDG uptake groups.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The 310 gastric cancer patients were divided into 103 patients with cachexia and 207 patients without cachexia. Patients with cachexia exhibited a significantly elevated FDG uptake of nuchal adipose tissue compared to those without cachexia (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analyses demonstrated notable inverse relationships between the FDG uptake of nuchal adipose tissue with body mass index and serum albumin concentrations (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). We also observed a positive correlation between the FDG uptake of nuchal adipose tissue with both the weight loss ratio and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (all &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Additionally, patients with elevated FDG uptake of nuchal adipose tissue had a significantly lower survival rate compared to those with lower FDG uptake (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.04). Furthermore, FDG uptake in nuchal adipose tissue was an independent prognostic indicator in gastric cancer patients (HR = 1.81, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In gastric patients with cachexia, the metabolic activity of nuchal adipose tissue was significantly elevated and correlated with weight loss, compromised nutritional status, and an unfavorable survival prognosis. This study could provide valuable insights into the pathophysio","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102901"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145959086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply - Letter to the editor: Impact of fish oil-enriched high protein peptide-based formula on free fatty acid profiles and metabolomic changes in home enterally fed patients: A pilot study.","authors":"Osman Mohamed Elfadil, Danelle A Johnson, Adele K Pattinson, Ryan T Hurt, Manpreet S Mundi","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":" ","pages":"102923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: Association of diabetes with sarcopenia in patients on hemodialysis: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Portugal.","authors":"Grandhi Surendra, Monika Srivastav, Ajay Guru","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102929","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":" ","pages":"102929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between cancer history and long-term body composition based on a 10-year follow-up","authors":"Yong-Jun Wu ,&nbsp;Chuan-Si Wang ,&nbsp;Yong-Gui Zhang ,&nbsp;Hai-Hong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cancer survivors often face long-term health challenges, including alterations in body composition. This study investigates the impact of cancer history on long-term body composition using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The clinical data of cancer survivors were obtained from the NHANES spanning 1999–2006. Participants were categorized into two groups based on their cancer history. To minimize baseline differences and enhance comparability between groups, propensity score matching (PSM) was employed. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of lean mass and fat mass on overall mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Before matching, a total of 13,213 patients were included in the analysis, comprising 391 cancer survivors with a history of cancer exceeding 10 years (cancer history group) and 12,822 individuals with no prior cancer diagnosis (non-cancer history group). Cancer survivors were significantly older (67 years <em>vs.</em> 45 years, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and had a higher proportion of females (62.4 % <em>vs.</em> 48.6 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) compared to those without cancer history. After propensity score matching, key baseline characteristics were well-balanced between the two groups, with no significant differences observed. The matched data further revealed that cancer survivors exhibited a significantly higher fat mass (27.03 kg <em>vs.</em> 20.44 kg, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and fat mass proportion (36.3 % <em>vs.</em> 30.8 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Although lean mass also showed an increase (45.88 kg <em>vs.</em> 41.27 kg, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), a low lean mass index was associated with shorter survival (<em>P</em> = 0.021). Notably, cancer survivors with both a low lean mass index and a high fat mass index had the highest mortality risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A history of cancer continues to exert long-term adverse effects on body composition, characterized primarily by abnormal fat accumulation, although higher lean mass is also observed. Understanding of long-term body composition characteristics in cancer survivors is essential for elucidating the metabolic consequences of cancer and its treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146043971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of nutrition in prostate cancer risk, progression, and mortality: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ariela A. Souroujon Torun ,&nbsp;Vinaik Sundaresan ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Golos ,&nbsp;Michael S. Leapman ,&nbsp;Olga A. Gomez-Santamaría ,&nbsp;Marianne Casilla-Lennon","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent malignancies among men worldwide, yet evidence-based nutritional recommendations for its prevention and progression remain limited. Growing research indicates that diet may play a significant role in modulating PCa risk, tumor behavior, and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on major dietary components, including carbohydrates, protein sources, fats, vegetables, vitamins, and minerals. It evaluates their associations with PCa incidence, progression, and disease-specific mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This narrative review synthesized evidence from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science (up to 2025), including randomized trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses, to evaluate associations between dietary factors and prostate cancer incidence, progression, and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>High intake of simple sugars and refined carbohydrates is associated with elevated PCa risk, whereas complex carbohydrates are associated with a more favorable metabolic profile. Evidence consistently supports increased fish consumption and suggests potential benefit from soy products. In contrast, high intake of red/processed meats and full-fat dairy may increase the risk of aggressive disease. Total and saturated fat intake is associated with poorer outcomes, although evidence on omega-3 fatty acids is mixed. Cruciferous vegetables show a strong protective factor, supported by epidemiologic data, whereas evidence for allium vegetables is emerging. Findings for micronutrients were highly heterogeneous: lycopene and physiologic vitamin E levels may confer benefit, whereas high-dose vitamin A derivatives, supplemental folic acid, selenium, and excessive dairy-derived calcium may increase PCa risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although evidence is often inconsistent, several dietary patterns appear promising for PCa prevention and decreasing mortality. Emphasizing complex carbohydrates, fish, soy, plant-based fats, and cruciferous vegetables—while limiting simple sugars, red/processed meats, whole milk, saturated fats, and unnecessary supplementation—may support improved outcomes. High-quality randomized trials remain urgently needed to clarify causality and refine clinical nutrition guidance for PCa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}