Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1649851
Bocco Roland, G. Bernard, Amoussou Pierre-Louis, T. Abou, Dieng Ibnou, Ndjiondjop Marie Noelle, S. Abdoulaye, T. Manuele
Abstract Nineteen rice varieties were assessed against D. apicalis, under partially controlled environment in a screen-covered cage at AfricaRice-Benin. 20, 30, and 50 couples of insects per square meter per cage were released 20 days after sowing in a complete randomized block design. In a first mock-trial (without shade above the cages), no dead heart was observed. The symptoms appeared in the second trial with the addition of some palm tree branches on top of the cages, showing the importance of shade and humidity in the biology of diopsids. This trial was repeated twice including three repetitions, during the rainy and dry seasons in South Benin. The study showed that the percentage of infested plants increased with the number of released insects. Rice varieties TOG5681, RAM55, NERICA1, NERICA4, NERICA8, and CG14 were the most resistant whereas IR47, IR64, ITA306, and WAB56-104 were the most susceptible. Densities 20 and 30 couples of insects per square meter were the best for an efficient screening. The screen-covered cage made with local materials is a convenient way for national programs in developing countries to screen at a lower cost. This method is easy to implement, fast and can allow simultaneous testing of large inbred rice populations.
{"title":"Rapid phenotyping for identification of rice resistant varieties to Diopsis apicalis (Diptera: Diopsidae) Westwood","authors":"Bocco Roland, G. Bernard, Amoussou Pierre-Louis, T. Abou, Dieng Ibnou, Ndjiondjop Marie Noelle, S. Abdoulaye, T. Manuele","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1649851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1649851","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nineteen rice varieties were assessed against D. apicalis, under partially controlled environment in a screen-covered cage at AfricaRice-Benin. 20, 30, and 50 couples of insects per square meter per cage were released 20 days after sowing in a complete randomized block design. In a first mock-trial (without shade above the cages), no dead heart was observed. The symptoms appeared in the second trial with the addition of some palm tree branches on top of the cages, showing the importance of shade and humidity in the biology of diopsids. This trial was repeated twice including three repetitions, during the rainy and dry seasons in South Benin. The study showed that the percentage of infested plants increased with the number of released insects. Rice varieties TOG5681, RAM55, NERICA1, NERICA4, NERICA8, and CG14 were the most resistant whereas IR47, IR64, ITA306, and WAB56-104 were the most susceptible. Densities 20 and 30 couples of insects per square meter were the best for an efficient screening. The screen-covered cage made with local materials is a convenient way for national programs in developing countries to screen at a lower cost. This method is easy to implement, fast and can allow simultaneous testing of large inbred rice populations.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1649851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47909008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1677126
Rawikarn Khanarnpai, B. Thaewnon-ngiw, Bungon Kongim
Abstract The freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lanchesteri is one of the most economically important and widely distributed species in Northeastern Thailand. However, few studies have investigated the genetic variation of these crustaceans. Water quality, morphometrics and genetic variation were determined for 1,219 individuals of M. lanchesteri from 11 provinces in Northeastern Thailand. Water quality analysis showed water temperature, pH, water hardness and dissolved oxygen as 25 to 33ºC, 6 to 9, 64 to 101 ml l−1 and 4 to 7.5 ml l−1 respectively. Water quality indicated that aquatic animals could live. Morphological characters showed total length as 1.5to 4.5 cm with M. lanchesteri mean length of females higher than males in all 11 provinces. M. lanchesteri from Nong Khai presented the largest size with Buri Ram mostly comprising the smallest. Genetic variation was determined using the PCR-RFLP technique with five restriction enzymes as Dde I, Alu I, Hinf I, Bgl II and Hae III. Results showed one composite haplotype when samples were digested with Dde I, Alu I, Hinf I, Bgl II and Hae III, respectively, as AAAAA. A total of 9 haplotypes were detected. Nucleotide sequencing analysis found low genetic variation in populations of M. lanchesteri in Northeastern Thailand ranged from 0 to 0.035. Phylogenetic tree (UPGMA) construction determined that the M. lanchesteri population constituted two clades which all populations closely related apart from one separate population. This study can be used as a guideline for selection of commercial cultures by shrimp breeders and may also be useful for shrimp conservation.
摘要蓝氏沼虾是泰国东北部经济最重要、分布最广泛的淡水对虾之一。然而，很少有研究调查这些甲壳类动物的遗传变异。对来自泰国东北部11个省的1219个兰彻斯特里M.lanchesteri个体的水质、形态计量学和遗传变异进行了测定。水质分析显示，水温、pH、水硬度和溶解氧分别为25至33ºC、6至9、64至101 ml l−1和4至7.5 ml l−1。水质表明水生动物可以生存。形态特征显示，11个省的总长度为1.5至4.5厘米，兰彻斯特里M.lanchesteri的雌性平均长度均高于雄性。廊开的兰彻斯特里（M.lanchesteri）体型最大，布里拉姆（Buri Ram）体型最小。利用PCR-RFLP技术，用五种限制性内切酶Dde I、Alu I、Hinf I、Bgl II和Hae III测定遗传变异。结果表明，当样品分别用Dde I，Alu I，Hinf I，BglⅡ和HaeⅢ消化时，有一个复合单倍型，即AAAAA。共检测到9个单倍型。核苷酸序列分析发现，泰国东北部兰彻斯特里M.lanchesteri种群的遗传变异较低，范围为0至0.035。系统发育树（UPGMA）的构建确定兰彻斯特里M.lanchesteri种群由两个分支组成，除了一个单独的种群外，所有种群都有密切的亲缘关系。这项研究可以作为对虾养殖者选择商业养殖的指南，也可能对对虾保护有用。
{"title":"Genetic variation of Macrobrachium lanchesteri (De Man, 1911) in Northeastern Thailand","authors":"Rawikarn Khanarnpai, B. Thaewnon-ngiw, Bungon Kongim","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1677126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1677126","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lanchesteri is one of the most economically important and widely distributed species in Northeastern Thailand. However, few studies have investigated the genetic variation of these crustaceans. Water quality, morphometrics and genetic variation were determined for 1,219 individuals of M. lanchesteri from 11 provinces in Northeastern Thailand. Water quality analysis showed water temperature, pH, water hardness and dissolved oxygen as 25 to 33ºC, 6 to 9, 64 to 101 ml l−1 and 4 to 7.5 ml l−1 respectively. Water quality indicated that aquatic animals could live. Morphological characters showed total length as 1.5to 4.5 cm with M. lanchesteri mean length of females higher than males in all 11 provinces. M. lanchesteri from Nong Khai presented the largest size with Buri Ram mostly comprising the smallest. Genetic variation was determined using the PCR-RFLP technique with five restriction enzymes as Dde I, Alu I, Hinf I, Bgl II and Hae III. Results showed one composite haplotype when samples were digested with Dde I, Alu I, Hinf I, Bgl II and Hae III, respectively, as AAAAA. A total of 9 haplotypes were detected. Nucleotide sequencing analysis found low genetic variation in populations of M. lanchesteri in Northeastern Thailand ranged from 0 to 0.035. Phylogenetic tree (UPGMA) construction determined that the M. lanchesteri population constituted two clades which all populations closely related apart from one separate population. This study can be used as a guideline for selection of commercial cultures by shrimp breeders and may also be useful for shrimp conservation.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1677126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46113038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1638572
Fariba Farniya, Ailar Jamalli, T. Dadgar
Abstract Understanding physicochemical surface characteristics of microorganisms is vital in order to reduce or prevent bacterial adhesion as an important stage of pathogenicity. These characteristics are influenced by such factors as temperature, pH, or media determining the extent of bacterial adhesion. The present study adopted a simple technique, i.e. MATS (microbial adhesion to solvents) method, to better understand microbial cell surface characteristics in four different strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria Monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For this aim, the effect of different concentrations of human blood serum in the media of these microorganisms on physicochemical characteristics of the microorganism was evaluated. The results revealed that the microorganisms possessed different characteristics at different doses of human blood serum. Some doses of human blood serum had no effect on hydrophobicity and electron donation and reception in the microorganisms whereas some doses could cause changes in these characteristics. These findings show that care should be taken when using different concentrations of antibiotics or other compounds such as rhamnolipids.
了解微生物表面的物理化学特性对于减少或防止细菌粘附是至关重要的，这是致病性的重要阶段。这些特性受到诸如温度、pH值或决定细菌粘附程度的介质等因素的影响。本研究采用一种简单的技术，即MATS (microbial adhesion to solvent)法，更好地了解了金黄色葡萄球菌、单核增生李斯特菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌四种不同菌株的微生物细胞表面特征。为此，研究了这些微生物培养基中不同浓度的人血清对微生物理化特性的影响。结果表明，在不同剂量的人血清中，微生物具有不同的特性。某些剂量的人血清对微生物的疏水性和电子的给予和接受没有影响，而某些剂量会引起这些特性的变化。这些发现表明，在使用不同浓度的抗生素或鼠李糖脂等其他化合物时，应小心谨慎。
{"title":"Physicochemical surface characteristics in different pathogenic bacteria","authors":"Fariba Farniya, Ailar Jamalli, T. Dadgar","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1638572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1638572","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding physicochemical surface characteristics of microorganisms is vital in order to reduce or prevent bacterial adhesion as an important stage of pathogenicity. These characteristics are influenced by such factors as temperature, pH, or media determining the extent of bacterial adhesion. The present study adopted a simple technique, i.e. MATS (microbial adhesion to solvents) method, to better understand microbial cell surface characteristics in four different strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria Monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For this aim, the effect of different concentrations of human blood serum in the media of these microorganisms on physicochemical characteristics of the microorganism was evaluated. The results revealed that the microorganisms possessed different characteristics at different doses of human blood serum. Some doses of human blood serum had no effect on hydrophobicity and electron donation and reception in the microorganisms whereas some doses could cause changes in these characteristics. These findings show that care should be taken when using different concentrations of antibiotics or other compounds such as rhamnolipids.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1638572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46019266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01Epub Date: 2019-09-11DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1662931
Angel J Rubio, Xuemei Zhong, Tyrone M Porter
The recent emergence of immunotherapies is transforming cancer treatments. Although many cancer immunotherapies are finding enormous success for treating hematologic tumors, a major obstacle for the treatment of solid tumors is localizing immune cells to the tumor site. Therefore, we have developed a technology that is capable of directing immune cell migration. Specifically, we have packaged chemokines, signaling molecules that promote immune cell migration, inside polyethylene glycol decorated-liposomes. The release profiles of chemokines and other large molecules from the liposomes have been examined in serum-containing media. We have demonstrated that the liposomes are able to release chemokines to induce immune cell migration. Additionally, these liposomes have been shown in vitro to limit cancer cell growth through increased immune cell recruitment. This strategy of encapsulating chemokines within liposomes paves the way for additional cancer immunotherapies and chemokine-based therapies.
{"title":"In vitro characterization of chemokine-loaded liposomes.","authors":"Angel J Rubio, Xuemei Zhong, Tyrone M Porter","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1662931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1662931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent emergence of immunotherapies is transforming cancer treatments. Although many cancer immunotherapies are finding enormous success for treating hematologic tumors, a major obstacle for the treatment of solid tumors is localizing immune cells to the tumor site. Therefore, we have developed a technology that is capable of directing immune cell migration. Specifically, we have packaged chemokines, signaling molecules that promote immune cell migration, inside polyethylene glycol decorated-liposomes. The release profiles of chemokines and other large molecules from the liposomes have been examined in serum-containing media. We have demonstrated that the liposomes are able to release chemokines to induce immune cell migration. Additionally, these liposomes have been shown in vitro to limit cancer cell growth through increased immune cell recruitment. This strategy of encapsulating chemokines within liposomes paves the way for additional cancer immunotherapies and chemokine-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1662931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38680045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1631561
Hilda Ikiriza, P. Ogwang, E. Peter, Okella Hedmon, C. Tolo, Muwonge Abubaker, A. A. Abdalla
Abstract Dioscorea bulbifera bulbils are used in the treatment of Piles, dysentery, syphilis, ulcers, cough, leprosy, diabetes, asthma, and cancer. It is a raw material for contraceptives, and it is one of the most consumed yam species especially in West Africa. Unfortunately, this plant is at the verge of extinction because of increased harvest for medicinal purpose. This review aims at providing up-to-date information about its photochemistry, clinical benefits, conservation status and best possible way on how this plant can be conserved for future use. Literature database search was employed, and the findings indicate that much as Dioscorea bulbifera is of diverse clinical and ethnomedicinal benefits, it’s vulnerable to extinction. In order to conserve Dioscorea bulbifera, there is a need to enlighten the local inhabitants on its clinical and commercial importance and uses. Also for the sustainable growth of the plant, the government and Non-governmental agencies have to distribute Dioscorea bulbils to the farmers for planting and also encourage its planting back into the wild. In addition, micropropagation of the D. bulbifera will be the perfect tool for re-establishing the plant in the natural habitat with more advantages of improving growth conditions of the plants.
{"title":"Dioscorea bulbifera, a highly threatened African medicinal plant, a review","authors":"Hilda Ikiriza, P. Ogwang, E. Peter, Okella Hedmon, C. Tolo, Muwonge Abubaker, A. A. Abdalla","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1631561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1631561","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dioscorea bulbifera bulbils are used in the treatment of Piles, dysentery, syphilis, ulcers, cough, leprosy, diabetes, asthma, and cancer. It is a raw material for contraceptives, and it is one of the most consumed yam species especially in West Africa. Unfortunately, this plant is at the verge of extinction because of increased harvest for medicinal purpose. This review aims at providing up-to-date information about its photochemistry, clinical benefits, conservation status and best possible way on how this plant can be conserved for future use. Literature database search was employed, and the findings indicate that much as Dioscorea bulbifera is of diverse clinical and ethnomedicinal benefits, it’s vulnerable to extinction. In order to conserve Dioscorea bulbifera, there is a need to enlighten the local inhabitants on its clinical and commercial importance and uses. Also for the sustainable growth of the plant, the government and Non-governmental agencies have to distribute Dioscorea bulbils to the farmers for planting and also encourage its planting back into the wild. In addition, micropropagation of the D. bulbifera will be the perfect tool for re-establishing the plant in the natural habitat with more advantages of improving growth conditions of the plants.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1631561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42901721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1684865
H. Tibugari, Ngonidzaishe Manyeruke, Gerald Mafere, Murawu Chakavarika, Lovemore Nyamuzuwe, Pelagia Marumahoko, R. Mandumbu
Abstract The effect of stressing sorghum by leaf stripping on the emergence and growth of Amaranthus hybridus was investigated in 2018 at Henderson Research Station in Mazowe, Zimbabwe. The experiment was set up as a randomised complete block design with three treatments replicated 6 times. A control with A. hybridus only, and another with A. hybridus sprayed with atrazine were maintained for comparison. Stripping 2 leaves significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited A. hybridus height, leaf area, and dry weight compared to no stripping. Increasing leaf stripping intensity from 2 to 4 leaves caused an increase in A. hybridus height, leaf area, and dry weight, possibly because intense leaf stripping reduced the number of sorghum leaves available to capture photosynthetically active radiation required for photosynthesis, subsequently reducing the volume of photoassimilates channelled to sorghum roots for allelochemical production. Leaf excision may have created an additional sink that modified assimilate allocation at the expense of roots.
{"title":"Allelopathic effect of stressing sorghum on weed growth","authors":"H. Tibugari, Ngonidzaishe Manyeruke, Gerald Mafere, Murawu Chakavarika, Lovemore Nyamuzuwe, Pelagia Marumahoko, R. Mandumbu","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1684865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1684865","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect of stressing sorghum by leaf stripping on the emergence and growth of Amaranthus hybridus was investigated in 2018 at Henderson Research Station in Mazowe, Zimbabwe. The experiment was set up as a randomised complete block design with three treatments replicated 6 times. A control with A. hybridus only, and another with A. hybridus sprayed with atrazine were maintained for comparison. Stripping 2 leaves significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited A. hybridus height, leaf area, and dry weight compared to no stripping. Increasing leaf stripping intensity from 2 to 4 leaves caused an increase in A. hybridus height, leaf area, and dry weight, possibly because intense leaf stripping reduced the number of sorghum leaves available to capture photosynthetically active radiation required for photosynthesis, subsequently reducing the volume of photoassimilates channelled to sorghum roots for allelochemical production. Leaf excision may have created an additional sink that modified assimilate allocation at the expense of roots.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1684865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44670189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The objective of the study was to examine time of day effects of exercise on athletes’ skeletal muscle damage markers. The skeletal muscle damage marker enzymes like creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are the markers of the functional status of muscle tissue and vary widely with pathological and physiological conditions. 2212 potential citations were identified through PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE and Google Scholar searches. Based on the eligibility criteria, 10 studies were included for analysis. Heterogeneity test (I2), Effect Size (ES) and Standardized Mean Differences (Std. MD) for time of day results were calculated at 95% CI and 5% alpha-level for each study. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO with registration number (PROSPERO 2018: CRD42018112116). Using a random effect model, the overall pooled time of day effect of exercise were, SMD = −1.82 (95%CI, -2.69, -0.95;P < 0.001) and (I2 = 76%) for lactate dehydrogenase, SMD = −1.44 (95%CI, -2.43, -0.46;P < 0.004) and (I2 = 74%) for creatine kinase, SMD = −1.89 (95%CI, -2.49, -1.30;P < 0.001) and (I2 = 22%) for aspartate aminotransferase, SMD = −0.73 (95%CI, -1.39, -0.07;P < 0.03) and (I2 = 56%) for alanine aminotransferase, SMD = −1.46 (95%CI, -1.94, -0.98;P < 0.001) and (I2 = 41%) for white blood cells (WBC). Our study partly confirms the diurnal variations of skeletal muscle damage markers and recommends conducting further meta-analysis to investigate the concomitant effect of exercise and time-of-day variations in relation to hormonal, core temperature and oxidative responses. The results obtained from our study may help athletes, active individuals, team physicians and coaches to consider these markers and protect the physicians from misinterpreting abnormal values when evaluating the training level of their athletes.
{"title":"Does exercising at a certain time-of-day affect athletes skeletal muscle damage markers? A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Efrem Kentiba, Argachew Adane, Mezgebe Mena, Zerihun Zekarias, Zenebech Abera, Adanech Gosaye, Tsegaye Tsemiru, Fanta Aregahagn, Tadesse Gizachew","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2019.1670529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2019.1670529","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of the study was to examine time of day effects of exercise on athletes’ skeletal muscle damage markers. The skeletal muscle damage marker enzymes like creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are the markers of the functional status of muscle tissue and vary widely with pathological and physiological conditions. 2212 potential citations were identified through PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE and Google Scholar searches. Based on the eligibility criteria, 10 studies were included for analysis. Heterogeneity test (I2), Effect Size (ES) and Standardized Mean Differences (Std. MD) for time of day results were calculated at 95% CI and 5% alpha-level for each study. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO with registration number (PROSPERO 2018: CRD42018112116). Using a random effect model, the overall pooled time of day effect of exercise were, SMD = −1.82 (95%CI, -2.69, -0.95;P < 0.001) and (I2 = 76%) for lactate dehydrogenase, SMD = −1.44 (95%CI, -2.43, -0.46;P < 0.004) and (I2 = 74%) for creatine kinase, SMD = −1.89 (95%CI, -2.49, -1.30;P < 0.001) and (I2 = 22%) for aspartate aminotransferase, SMD = −0.73 (95%CI, -1.39, -0.07;P < 0.03) and (I2 = 56%) for alanine aminotransferase, SMD = −1.46 (95%CI, -1.94, -0.98;P < 0.001) and (I2 = 41%) for white blood cells (WBC). Our study partly confirms the diurnal variations of skeletal muscle damage markers and recommends conducting further meta-analysis to investigate the concomitant effect of exercise and time-of-day variations in relation to hormonal, core temperature and oxidative responses. The results obtained from our study may help athletes, active individuals, team physicians and coaches to consider these markers and protect the physicians from misinterpreting abnormal values when evaluating the training level of their athletes.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2019.1670529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49082892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1679327
Y. Richard, D. Vieites, F. Ratsoavina
Abstract Within the Malagasy endemic family of Mantellidae, the only completely sequenced mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is that of Mantella madagascariensis. Yet, this genome has proven to be the largest among all vertebrates with 23 kbp in size, and shows a duplication of the tRNA methionine coding gene, a pseudogene of this same gene and a duplicated control region. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of Mantella baroni, the second mitogenome sequenced for the Mantellidae family. This genome sequence has been generated using next-generation sequencing technics performed on Illumina Hi-seq. The genome is 20,945 bp (21 kbp) in size with 13 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNA coding genes, 2 rRNA coding genes and 2 Control Regions (CR1 and CR2). This newly generated mitogenome shows duplication of the tRNA glycine coding gene (G1 and G2) and translocation of tRNA methionine coding gene M2 in the CR2. This gene organization is unique among anurans. Both M. baroni and M. madagascariensis mitogenomes are amongst the largest in vertebrates which might be related to their aposematism or their skin toxicity by alkaloid secretion. We also hypothesize that other Mantella species likely have large genomes, being not clear how the genome size and organization of mitochondria evolved in Malagasy frogs. Testing such a hypothesis require more mitogenome sequencing for Mantella and other representatives of the mantellid diversity. The mitogenome generated here will be useful for comparative genomic studies but also to answer the question on how mitogenomes evolved in the Mantellidae family.
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